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Review and meta-analysis for the caregiver's feeding styles questionnaire administered to low-income families. Eat Behav 2022; 46:101659. [PMID: 35964363 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Caregiver's Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) is a well-established measure which uses scores along two dimensions of demandingness and responsiveness to classify low-income parents into one of four feeding style typologies (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and uninvolved; Hughes, et al., 2005). The measure is widely used by researchers to explore the relationship between feeding style and child weight status but has not been evaluated comprehensively in a review or meta-analysis. The aims of this study were to 1) compare established median cutoffs for responsiveness and demandingness in parent feeding (k = 5; see Hughes et al., 2012) to current median splits along these two dimensions for a larger sample of articles (k = 19) and 2) evaluate the relation between children's BMI, demandingness and responsiveness, and parent feeding style categories. Results indicated that the cutoffs for responsiveness and demandingness initially established based on five studies of low-income families did not differ significantly with the addition of 19 studies. Child BMI z-scores (k = 8) were above average for all four parent feeding style categories and highest for indulgent parents, which was consistent with the literature outlining low-income children at higher risk for obesity and children of indulgent parents being particularly at risk. While heterogeneity of samples should be considered, study results suggested that the CFSQ distribution for responsiveness and demandingness was relatively generalizable across low-income samples, though heterogeneity was higher among caregiver's feeding style categories. Furthermore, the study confirmed that parent feeding styles were related to child weight status in a meaningful way, but all children in these low-income samples, on average, were heavier than their same-aged peers across all parent feeding styles.
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White HJ, Meyer C, Palfreyman Z, Haycraft E. Family mealtime emotions and food parenting practices among mothers of young children: Development of the Mealtime Emotions Measure for Parents (MEM‐P). MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022; 18:e13346. [PMID: 35294102 PMCID: PMC9218312 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Family mealtimes can be important for supporting children's healthy development, yet the emotional context of mealtimes can vary considerably, likely impacting their overall success and enjoyment. Yet, despite having an important role, little is known about how parents emotionally experience mealtimes with their family. The first aim of the current study was to assess the factor structure of a novel self‐report measure to assess parents’ emotional responses experienced during family mealtimes (Mealtime Emotions Measure for Parents; MEM‐P). The second aim was to examine relationships between maternal mealtime emotions and their food parenting practices. Mothers of children aged between 1.5 and 6 years participated in this study. Mothers were invited to complete an online questionnaire measuring family mealtime emotions, anxiety, depression and food parenting practices. Exploratory factor analysis produced a three‐factor solution comprising both positive and negative emotion subscales: MEM‐P Efficacy; MEM‐P Anxiety; MEM‐P Stress and Anger. Mothers' positive mealtime emotions (mealtime efficacy) were related to greater use of practices promoting autonomy, providing a healthy home food environment, and modelling healthy eating. Higher anxiety about mealtimes was related to greater reports of child control over eating, and mealtime stress and anger was associated with greater use of food to regulate emotions. These findings highlight novel relationships between how mothers emotionally experience family mealtimes and the food parenting practices they use with their children. It is important to develop resources to help promote positive maternal experiences of family mealtimes and food‐based interactions. Mothers of young children experience a range of positive and negative emotions around family mealtimes. Mothers' mealtime emotions are related to the food parenting practices they report using with their children. Mothers with more positive emotional experiences of family mealtimes (i.e., greater mealtime efficacy) also reported higher use of food parenting practices which promote autonomy in children (e.g., involvement, balance and variety, teaching about nutrition) and which provide feeding structure (e.g., healthy food environment; modelling healthy eating). Some parents may benefit from further support to help them promote more positive mealtime experiences and food‐based interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. White
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - Caroline Meyer
- WMG and Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust Coventry UK
| | - Zoe Palfreyman
- Division of Psychology De Montfort University Leicester UK
| | - Emma Haycraft
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough UK
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Zhang X, Jiang X, Ni P, Li H, Li C, Zhou Q, Ou Z, Guo Y, Cao J. Association between resilience and burnout of front-line nurses at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic: Positive and negative affect as mediators in Wuhan. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:939-954. [PMID: 33893718 PMCID: PMC8251287 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is having a dramatic effect on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs). Upon the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Chinese government dispatched about 42 000 HCWs to Wuhan City and Hubei Province to fight this pandemic. This study briefly examines front-line nurses who experienced burnout, with the main objective of investigating the mediating roles of positive and negative affect in the relationship between resilience and burnout in Wuhan hospitals at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 180 front-line nurses voluntarily participated via a social media group. They completed the online questionnaires, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), demographics, and work-related characteristics. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was used to examine the mediating effect of positive and negative affect on the relationship between resilience and burnout. The total prevalence of burnout was 51.7%, of which 15.0% were severe burnout. These preliminary results revealed that positive and negative affect fully mediated the effects of resilience on burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment of front-line nurses. It is necessary to know the impact of resilience on HCWs with burnout through the positive and negative affect of individual backgrounds and situations, and how policymakers can deploy resilience interventions to support front-line HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhang
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pingping Ni
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neonatology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Development Planning Office, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chong Li
- Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhengyan Ou
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Guo
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Junli Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Use of an Observational Comparative Strategy Demonstrated Construct Validity of a Measure to Assess Adherence to the Satter Division of Responsibility in Feeding. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 121:1143-1156.e6. [PMID: 33349573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently developed parent feeding measures do not exclusively measure behaviors compatible with theoretical underpinnings of the Satter Division of Responsibility in Feeding for Children Aged 2 to 6 Years (sDOR.2-6y). A measure of adherence to sDOR.2-6y has been constructed and shown to have translational validity. OBJECTIVE To examine the construct validity of the 15 sDOR.2-6y items. DESIGN Observations from in-home mealtime video-capture in a household with a child aged 2 to 6 years were compared with parent sDOR.2-6y responses. One sDOR.2-6y item about mealtime regularity was compared with mealtime data provided in the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool that had been completed by a larger sample of parents that included the smaller sample of video-capture participants. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Parents of preschool children aged 2 to 6 years in central Pennsylvania participated in Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool online dietary assessment (n = 61) from May to November 2013 or in-home mealtime video-capture (n = 20) during October 2013 or both (n = 16). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Consensus of three trained sDOR coders of plausible parent sDOR.2-6y item responses after video viewing, parent responses to sDOR.2-6y items, and mealtime regularity from three Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool recalls. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data analysis included identification of codeable 5-minute segments, coding by three sDOR experts, intraclass correlation coefficient, and determination of coder congruence to establish plausible sDOR.2-6y responses and comparison between coder-observed and parent sDOR.2-6y responses. RESULTS Video-capture participants were mostly women, White, and overweight with a mean ± standard deviation age of 35.3 ± 6.4 years. Postvideo debriefing supported the observed meal as typical in location, timing, and composition. Of 273 coding decisions, coder congruence was inadequate or dissonant for 3.7% and intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.81 (0.77 to 0.84; P < 0.001). Parent and congruent coder responses were in agreement for nearly 70% of the possible comparisons. Of the original 15 items, three were deemed not valid, nine of the remaining 12 were considered valid, and three could not be invalidated. CONCLUSIONS Congruence between observed and self-reported behaviors supported additional validation and scoring studies with the 12-item sDOR.2-6y to assess adherence of parents to sDOR.
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Persky S, Ferrer RA, Klein WMP, Goldring MR, Cohen RW, Kistler WD, Yaremych HE, Bouhlal S. Effects of Fruit and Vegetable Feeding Messages on Mothers and Fathers: Interactions Between Emotional State and Health Message Framing. Ann Behav Med 2020; 53:789-800. [PMID: 30395145 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a pressing need to craft optimal public health messages promoting healthy feeding behaviors among parents. How these messages influence such feeding decisions are affected by multiple interactive factors including emotional states, message framing, and gender, but these factors have not been studied in the domain of parents' feeding of their children. PURPOSE To evaluate the role of message framing, emotional state, and parent gender on feeding choices that parents make for their children. METHODS In 2016-2017, 190 parents (126 mothers) of 4- to 7-year-old children were randomly assigned to an anger or fear emotion induction and read either a gain- or loss-framed message about the importance of children's fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption prior to choosing foods for their child from a virtual reality buffet. RESULTS Mothers in an angry state who received a gain-framed message chose relatively more FV for their child in the virtual buffet, F(3, 180) = 4.77, p = .027. However, fathers in this group did not feed more FV, but rather reported greater intention to improve future FV feeding, F(3, 180) = 4.91, p = .028. CONCLUSIONS Providing gain-framed messages to parents, particularly mothers, in an anger state may be most effective for motivating healthy dietary choices for children. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION clinicaltrials.gov NCT02622035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Persky
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A Ferrer
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William M P Klein
- Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan R Goldring
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel W Cohen
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William D Kistler
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haley E Yaremych
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sofia Bouhlal
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Heller RL, Mobley AR. Instruments assessing parental responsive feeding in children ages birth to 5 years: A systematic review. Appetite 2019; 138:23-51. [PMID: 30853452 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Responsive feeding of young children has been identified as a protective factor against the development of childhood obesity. Instruments developed to assess responsive feeding by parents of children birth to 5 years of age over the past 17 years were reviewed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Four electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were used to search for relevant articles to include at least one parental responsive feeding category (Food Rewards, Pressure to Eat, Parental Control of Intake, Emotional Feeding, or Responsiveness to Cues/Child Autonomy), development, validation, or reliability of the instrument, and evaluated in at least one child between ages birth to 5 years old. The final review included 33 individual responsive feeding related instruments. Risk of bias for each article was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies (ROBINS-I) assessment tool. Of the 15 instruments intended for birth to 2-year-olds and the 28 intended for 3- to 5-year-olds, only three instruments showed rigorous validation and reliability testing (Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire, Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, and Family Food Behavior Survey). The most commonly reported psychometric testing was construct validity and internal reliability. There were limited instruments intended for young children (birth to 2 years), low-income, diverse racial and ethnic groups (Hispanic and non-Hispanic black), and fathers or other caregivers. The most frequently assessed feeding practices included Pressure to Eat, Parental Control, and Food Rewards, but none of the instruments assessed all aspects of responsive feeding. This review identified the need for more comprehensive instruments that measure all aspects of responsive feeding, the need for further testing in diverse populations, and further validity and reliability testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Heller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Hill Road Ext, Unit 4017, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Amy R Mobley
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, PO Box 118210, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Pesch MH, Berlin KS, Cesaro RJ, Rybak TM, Miller AL, Rosenblum KL, Lumeng JC. Maternal discouragement and child intake of a palatable dessert: A multilevel sequential analysis. Appetite 2018; 129:171-177. [PMID: 30009930 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family mealtimes are often marked by parent-child conflict, which may arise when children's eating behaviors do not match parental expectations. Little is known about how children respond to parents' comments to discourage eating. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the likelihood of a child taking a bite following a maternal statement to discourage child intake. METHODS 50 mother-child dyads (mean child age 71.8 months) participated in a laboratory eating task with cupcakes. Video recordings were reliably coded for maternal statements to discourage child intake (varying by domains of affective valence and directness) and child bites. Multilevel sequential analysis was performed to determine differences in pairs' antecedent statement to discourage child intake and a child's discouraged bite. RESULTS Children were significantly more likely to be non-compliant by taking a bite following negative (vs. positive), indirect (vs. direct) and negative direct (vs. positive direct) statements to discourage child intake (that is, a "discouraged bite"). There were no differences in children taking discouraged bites following a negative indirect vs. positive indirect statement to discourage child intake. CONCLUSIONS Children may be more apt to comply with their mother's mealtime commands if they are delivered with a direct approach and a positive affective valence. Future work should examine the longitudinal effects of using positive direct mealtime commands on children's food intake, weight gain and emotional health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan H Pesch
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 1109 SE, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5456, USA.
| | - Kristoffer S Berlin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 N. Dunlap, Rm 461R, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
| | - Robert J Cesaro
- University of Michigan Medical School, M4101 Medical Science Building I - C Wing, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5624, USA.
| | - Tiffany M Rybak
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, 400 Innovation Dr #202, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan. 3718 SPH Building I, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Katherine L Rosenblum
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan. 4250 Plymouth Road, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, and Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406, USA.
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Pesch MH, Miller AL, Appugliese DP, Rosenblum KL, Lumeng JC. Mothers of Obese Children Use More Direct Imperatives to Restrict Eating. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 50:403-407.e1. [PMID: 29242139 PMCID: PMC5893350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of mother and child characteristics with use of direct imperatives to restrict eating. METHODS A total of 237 mother-child dyads (mean child age, 70.9 months) participated in a video-recorded, laboratory-standardized eating protocol with 2 large portions of cupcakes. Videos were reliably coded for counts of maternal direct imperatives to restrict children's eating. Anthropometrics were measured. Regression models tested the association of participant characteristics with counts of direct imperatives. RESULTS Child obese weight status and maternal white non-Hispanic race/ethnicity were associated with greater levels of direct imperatives to restrict eating (p = .0001 and .0004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Mothers of obese children may be using more direct imperatives to restrict eating so as to achieve behavioral compliance to decrease their child's food intake. Future work should consider the effects direct imperatives have on children's short- and long-term eating behaviors and weight gain trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan H Pesch
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Alison L Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Katherine L Rosenblum
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Hughes SO, Power TG, Beck A, Betz D, Calodich S, Goodell LS, Hill LG, Hill R, Jaramillo JA, Johnson SL, Lanigan J, Lawrence A, Martinez AD, Nesbitt M, Overath I, Parker L, Ullrich-French S. Strategies for Effective Eating Development-SEEDS: Design of an Obesity Prevention Program to Promote Healthy Food Preferences and Eating Self-Regulation in Children From Low-Income Families. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 48:405-418.e1. [PMID: 27288192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.04.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a scientifically based childhood obesity prevention program supporting child eating self-regulation and taste preferences. This article describes the research methods for the Strategies for Effective Eating Development program. A logic model is provided that depicts a visual presentation of the activities that will be used to guide the development of the prevention program. DESIGN Randomized, controlled prevention program, pretest, posttest, 6 months, and 12 months. SETTING Two sites: Houston, TX and Pasco, WA. Each trial will last 7 weeks with 8-10 mother-child dyads in each arm (prevention and control). PARTICIPANTS Recruitment at Head Start districts (Texas; n = 160) and Inspire Child Development Center including Early Childhood Education and Head Start (Washington; n = 160). Sixteen trials with 16-20 parent-child dyads per trial will provide adequate power to detect moderate effects. INTERVENTION Multicomponent family-based prevention program incorporating a dialogue approach to adult learning and self-determination theory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Child assessments will include observed taste preferences, caloric compensation, and eating in the absence of hunger. Parent assessments will include parent-reported feeding, feeding emotions, acculturation, child eating behaviors, child food preferences, and child dietary intake. Heights and weights will be measured for parent and child. ANALYSIS A multilevel growth modeling analysis will be employed to consider the nested nature of the data: time points (level 1) within families (level 2) within trials (level 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl O Hughes
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Thomas G Power
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Ashley Beck
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Drew Betz
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Shirley Calodich
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - L Suzanne Goodell
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Laura G Hill
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Rachael Hill
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - J Andrea Jaramillo
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Susan L Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Jane Lanigan
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Adair Lawrence
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | | | | | - Irene Overath
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Louise Parker
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Sarah Ullrich-French
- Department of Educational Leadership, Sport Studies, and Educational/Counseling Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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Pesch MH, Miller AL, Appugliese DP, Rosenblum KL, Lumeng JC. Affective tone of mothers' statements to restrict their children's eating. Appetite 2016; 103:165-170. [PMID: 27090342 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal restrictive feeding behaviors have been associated with child weight status. The affective tone of mothers' statements intended to restrict their children's eating has not been examined. The objectives of this study were to describe the affective tone of mothers' restrictive feeding behaviors (positive or negative), and to test the association of child and mother characteristics with rates of Restriction with Positive Affect, Restriction with Negative Affect and Total Restriction. A total of 237 low-income child-mother dyads (mean child age 5.9 years) participated in a videotaped standardized laboratory eating protocol, during which mothers and children were both presented with large servings of cupcakes. A coding scheme was developed to count each restrictive statement with a positive affective tone and each restrictive statement with a negative affective tone. To establish reliability, 20% of videos were double-coded. Demographics and anthropometrics were obtained. Poisson regression models were used to test the association between characteristics of the child and mother with counts of Restriction with Positive Affect, Restriction with Negative Affect, and Total Restriction. Higher rates of Restriction with Positive Affect and Total Restriction were predicted by child obese weight status, and mother non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity. Higher rates of Restriction with Negative Affect were predicted by older child age, child obese weight status, mother non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, and lower mother education level. In conclusion, in this study mothers of obese (vs. non-obese) children had higher rates of restriction in general, but particularly higher rates of Restriction with Negative Affect. Rather than being told not to restrict, mothers may need guidance on how to sensitively restrict their child's intake. Future studies should consider the contributions of maternal affect to children's responses to maternal restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan H Pesch
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 1109 SE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA.
| | - Alison L Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0406, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5406, USA; Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 3718 SPH Building I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | | | - Katherine L Rosenblum
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0406, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 1109 SE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0406, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 10th Floor, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5406, USA
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