1
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Huang WJ, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Wang S, Chen FE. Structure-based discovery of novel piperidine-biphenyl-DAPY derivatives as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors featuring improved potency, safety, and selectivity: From piperazine-biphenyl-DAPYs to piperidine-biphenyl-DAPYs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116668. [PMID: 38996652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Starting from our previously reported nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI, 3), continuous efforts were made to enhance its potency and safety through a structure-based drug design strategy. This led to the discovery of a series of novel piperidine-biphenyl-diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs). Compound 10p, the most active compound in this series, exhibited an EC50 value of 6 nM against wide-type HIV-1 strain, which was approximately 560-fold more potent than the initial compound 3 (EC50 = 3.36 μM). Furthermore, significant improvements were observed in cytotoxicity and selectivity (CC50 > 202.17 μM, SI > 33144) compared to compound 3 (CC50 = 14.84 μM, SI = 4). Additionally, compound 10p demonstrated increased inhibitory activity against clinically mutant virus strains (EC50 = 7-63 nM). Further toxicity evaluation revealed that compound 10p exhibited minimal CYP enzyme and hERG inhibition. Importantly, single-dose acute toxicity testing did not result in any fatalities or noticeable pathological damage in mice. Therefore, compound 10p can be regarded as a lead candidate for guiding further development of biphenyl-diarylpyrimidine NNRTIs with favorable druggability for HIV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuai Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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2
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Arribas AR, Galbraith BS, Wong ME. The Effect of Medical Status on Long Term Survival of Dental Implants. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2024:S1042-3699(24)00062-1. [PMID: 39266368 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Successful dental implant therapy relies on a bone-implant interface that is mechanically strong and capable of dynamic remodeling in response to functional loads. There are a number of medical conditions or therapies that can affect either bone metabolism or the resistance of bone to infection. However, their effects are often mitigated by local factors or individual responses so the impact of these conditions is not clear-cut. This article will review a number of these conditions and therapies and describe existing studies that have studied these conditions to guide practitioners in their implant practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo R Arribas
- Katz Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry, 7500 Cambridge Street Suite 6510, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Bristol S Galbraith
- Katz Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry, 7500 Cambridge Street Suite 6510, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Mark E Wong
- Katz Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, UTHealth Houston School of Dentistry, 7500 Cambridge Street Suite 6510, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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3
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Nosik MN, Krylova NV, Usoltseva RV, Surits VV, Kireev DE, Shchelkanov MY, Svitich OA, Ermakova SP. In Vitro Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Fucoidans from Brown Algae. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:355. [PMID: 39195471 DOI: 10.3390/md22080355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the developing resistance and intolerance to antiretroviral drugs, there is an urgent demand for alternative agents that can suppress the viral load in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recently, there has been increased interest in agents of marine origin such as, in particular, fucoidans to suppress HIV replication. In the present study, the anti-HIV-1 activity of fucoidans from the brown algae Alaria marginata, Alaria ochotensis, Laminaria longipes, Saccharina cichorioides, Saccharina gurianovae, and Tauya basicrassa was studied in vitro. The studied compounds were found to be able to inhibit HIV-1 replication at different stages of the virus life cycle. Herewith, all fucoidans exhibited significant antiviral activity by affecting the early stages of the virus-cell interaction. The fucoidan from Saccharina cichorioides showed the highest virus-inhibitory activity by blocking the virus' attachment to and entry into the host's cell, with a selectivity index (SI) > 160.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Nosik
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V Krylova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Roza V Usoltseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valerii V Surits
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Dmitry E Kireev
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Shchelkanov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Oxana A Svitich
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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4
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Singh AK, Kumar A, Arora S, Kumar R, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Kumar P. Current insights and molecular docking studies of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14372. [PMID: 37817296 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a lethal disease that is prevalent worldwide. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) data, 38.4 million people worldwide were living with HIV in 2021. Viral reverse transcriptase (RT) is an excellent target for drug intervention. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were the first class of approved antiretroviral drugs. Later, a new type of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were approved as anti-HIV drugs. Zidovudine, didanosine, and stavudine are FDA-approved NRTIs, while nevirapine, efavirenz, and delavirdine are FDA-approved NNRTIs. Several agents are in clinical trials, including apricitabine, racivir, elvucitabine, doravirine, dapivirine, and elsulfavirine. This review addresses HIV-1 structure, replication cycle, reverse transcription, and HIV drug targets. This study focuses on NRTIs and NNRTIs, their binding sites, mechanisms of action, FDA-approved drugs and drugs in clinical trials, their resistance and adverse effects, their molecular docking studies, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sahil Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Amita Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unayzah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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5
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Zhao LM, Pannecouque C, Clercq ED, Wang S, Chen FE. Structure-based design of novel heterocycle-substituted ATDP analogs as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with improved selectivity and solubility. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4906-4917. [PMID: 38045058 PMCID: PMC10692386 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Following on our recently developed biphenyl-ATDP non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ZLM-66 (SI = 2019.80, S = 1.9 μg/mL), a series of novel heterocycle-substituted ATDP derivatives with significantly improved selectivity and solubility were identified by replacement of the biphenyl moiety of ZLM-66 with heterocyclic group with lower lipophilicity. Evidently, the representative analog 7w in this series exhibited dramatically enhanced selectivity and solubility (SI = 12,497.73, S = 4472 μg/mL) in comparison with ZLM-66 (SI = 2019.80, S = 1.9 μg/mL). This new NNRTI conferred low nanomolar inhibition of wild-type HIV-1 strain and tested mutant strains (K103N, L100I, Y181C, E138K, and K103N + Y181C). The analog also demonstrated favorable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles, as evidenced by its insensitivity to CYP and hERG, lack of mortality and pathological damage, and good oral bioavailability in rats (F = 27.1%). Further development of 7w for HIV therapy will be facilitated by this valuable information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Shuai Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Zhou RL, Yu C, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Wang S, Chen FE. Improving the anti-HIV-1 activity and solubility of poorly water-soluble DAPYs by heteroaromatic replacement strategy: From naphthalene-DAPYs to quinoline-DAPYs. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106821. [PMID: 37659148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the anti-HIV-1 efficacy and solubility of our previously documented NNRTI 1, a collection of innovative quinoline-substituted DAPY derivatives were devised using heteroaromatic replacement strategy. The results of biological evaluation revealed that the representative compound 5h possessed the highest inhibitory activity against wild-type HIV-1 and selectivity index (EC50 = 0.0018 μM, SI > 166667), which were obviously better than that of 1 (EC50 = 0.00978 μM, SI > 37764), NVP (EC50 = 0.059 μM, SI > 158), EFV (EC50 = 0.028 μM, SI > 269), and ETR (EC50 = 0.0029 μM, SI > 1519). The water solubility of compound 5h was remarkably improved, surpassing that of 1, ETR and RPV. Additionally, this compound exerted significantly enhanced anti-resistance potency, compared to 1, and displayed comparable activity to ETR against WT RT of HIV-1 (IC50 = 0.011 μM). To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, molecular docking studies were conducted to investigate the crucial interactions between 5h and WT/mutant strains of HIV-1. These findings provide valuable insights and drive further advancements in the development of DAPYs for HIV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Zhou
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | | | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuai Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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7
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Zhang DW, Xu XS, Zhou R, Fu Z. Modulation of HIV-1 capsid multimerization by sennoside A and sennoside B via interaction with the NTD/CTD interface in capsid hexamer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1270258. [PMID: 37817748 PMCID: PMC10561090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules that bind to the pocket targeted by a peptide, termed capsid assembly inhibitor (CAI), have shown antiviral effects with unique mechanisms of action. We report the discovery of two natural compounds, sennoside A (SA) and sennoside B (SB), derived from medicinal plants that bind to this pocket in the C-terminal domain of capsid (CA CTD). Both SA and SB were identified via a drug-screening campaign that utilized a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. They inhibited the HIV-1 CA CTD/CAI interaction at sub-micromolar concentrations of 0.18 μM and 0.08 μM, respectively. Mutation of key residues (including Tyr 169, Leu 211, Asn 183, and Glu 187) in the CA CTD decreased their binding affinity to the CA monomer, from 1.35-fold to 4.17-fold. Furthermore, both compounds induced CA assembly in vitro and bound directly to the CA hexamer, suggesting that they interact with CA beyond the CA CTD. Molecular docking showed that both compounds were bound to the N-terminal domain (NTD)/CTD interface between adjacent protomers within the CA hexamer. SA established a hydrogen-bonding network with residues N57, V59, Q63, K70, and N74 of CA1-NTD and Q179 of CA2-CTD. SB formed hydrogen bonds with the N53, N70, and N74 residues of CA1-NTD, and the A177and Q179 residues of CA2-CTD. Both compounds, acting as glue, can bring αH4 in the NTD and αH9 in the CTD of the NTD/CTD interface close to each other. Collectively, our research indicates that SA and SB, which enhance CA assembly, could serve as novel chemical tools to identify agents that modulate HIV-1 CA assembly. These natural compounds may potentially lead to the development of new antiviral therapies with unique mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguo Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, China
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8
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Structure-directed expansion of biphenyl-pyridone derivatives as potent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with significantly improved potency and safety. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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9
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Sang YL, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Wang S, Chen FE. Picomolar inhibitor of reverse transcriptase featuring significantly improved metabolic stability. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [PMID: 37521857 PMCID: PMC10372819 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the undesirable metabolic stability of our recently identified NNRTI 5 (t1/2 = 96 min) in human liver microsomes, we directed our efforts to improve its metabolic stability by introducing a new favorable hydroxymethyl side chain to the C-5 position of pyrimidine. This strategy provided a series of novel methylol-biphenyl-diarylpyrimidines with excellent anti-HIV-1 activity. The best compound 9g was endowed with remarkably improved metabolic stability in human liver microsomes (t1/2 = 2754 min), which was about 29-fold longer than that of 5 (t1/2 = 96 min). This compound conferred picomolar inhibition of WT HIV-1 (EC50 = 0.9 nmol/L) and low nanomolar activity against five clinically drug-resistant mutant strains. It maintained particularly low cytotoxicity (CC50 = 264 μmol/L) and good selectivity (SI = 256,438). Molecular docking studies revealed that compound 9g exhibited a more stable conformation than 5 due to the newly constructed hydrogen bond of the hydroxymethyl group with E138. Also, compound 9g was characterized by good safety profiles. It displayed no apparent inhibition of CYP enzymes and hERG. The acute toxicity assay did not cause death and pathological damage in mice at a single dose of 2 g/kg. These findings paved the way for the discovery and development of new-generation anti-HIV-1 drugs.
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Kobayakawa T, Yokoyama M, Tsuji K, Fujino M, Kurakami M, Onishi T, Boku S, Ishii T, Miura Y, Shinohara K, Kishihara Y, Ohashi N, Kotani O, Murakami T, Sato H, Tamamura H. Low-molecular-weight anti-HIV-1 agents targeting HIV-1 capsid proteins. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2156-2167. [PMID: 36712613 PMCID: PMC9834766 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06837k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 capsid is a shell that encapsulates viral RNA, and forms a conical structure by assembling oligomers of capsid (CA) proteins. Since the CA proteins are highly conserved among many strains of HIV-1, the inhibition of the CA function could be an appropriate goal for suppression of HIV-1 replication, but to date, no drug targeting CA has been developed. Hydrophobic interactions between two CA molecules through Trp184 and Met185 in the protein are known to be indispensable for conformational stabilization of the CA multimer. In our previous study, a small molecule designed by in silico screening as a dipeptide mimic of Trp184 and Met185 in the interaction site was synthesized and found to have significant anti-HIV-1 activity. In the present study, molecules with different scaffolds based on a dipeptide mimic of Trp184 and Met185 have been designed and synthesized. Their significant anti-HIV activity and their advantages compared to the previous compounds were examined. The present results should be useful in the design of novel CA-targeting anti-HIV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Masaru Yokoyama
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama 208-0011 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Masaki Kurakami
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Takato Onishi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Sayaka Boku
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishii
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Yutaro Miura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Kouki Shinohara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Yuki Kishihara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Nami Ohashi
- Showa Pharmaceutical University Machida 194-8543 Tokyo Japan
| | - Osamu Kotani
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama 208-0011 Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsutomu Murakami
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama 208-0011 Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
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11
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Ellwanger JH, Kulmann-Leal B, Ziliotto M, Chies JAB. HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation. Viruses 2023; 15:155. [PMID: 36680195 PMCID: PMC9867034 DOI: 10.3390/v15010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity is critical for proper cell functioning, and chromosome instability can lead to age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chromosome instability is caused by multiple factors, including replication stress, chromosome missegregation, exposure to pollutants, and viral infections. Although many studies have investigated the effects of environmental or lifestyle genotoxins on chromosomal integrity, information on the effects of viral infections on micronucleus formation and other chromosomal aberrations is still limited. Currently, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease treatable by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, HIV-infected individuals still face important health problems, such as chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. In this context, this article reviews studies that have evaluated genomic instability using micronucleus assays in the context of HIV infection. In brief, HIV can induce chromosome instability directly through the interaction of HIV proteins with host DNA and indirectly through chronic inflammation or as a result of ART use. Connections between HIV infection, immunosenescence and age-related disease are discussed in this article. The monitoring of HIV-infected individuals should consider the increased risk of chromosome instability, and lifestyle interventions, such as reduced exposure to genotoxins and an antioxidant-rich diet, should be considered. Therapies to reduce chronic inflammation in HIV infection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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12
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Zhang J, Zhou M, Wang P, Wang D, Mi Y, Liu J, Cheng F. Temporal Trends of Clinical Characteristics and Treatments in People Living with HIV at the Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy — Beijing Municipality, China, 2010–2020. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:131-136. [PMID: 37008827 PMCID: PMC10061757 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligibility criteria and treatment regimens were updated in national guidelines. However, whether treatment was timely and followed guidelines was under-assessed. What is added by this report? Among 22,591 people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) who initiated ART in Beijing between 2010 and 2020, the time from diagnosis to initiating ART decreased, the clinical condition of PLWH improved, and ART regimens changed in accordance with guidelines. What are the implications for public health practice? Over the past decade, improvements in clinical status have been observed among PLWH; however, a proportion of PLWH remain who started ART late. Early linkage to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care should be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing Municipality, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Mengge Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Municipality, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Peicheng Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Duoduo Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing Municipality, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Yuanqi Mi
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing Municipality, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing Municipality, China
- Jufen Liu,
| | - Feng Cheng
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing Municipality, China
- Feng Cheng,
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Lawal SK, Olojede SO, Faborode OS, Aladeyelu OS, Matshipi MN, Sulaiman SO, Naidu ECS, Rennie CO, Azu OO. Nanodelivery of antiretroviral drugs to nervous tissues. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025160. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the neurocognitive impairments associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain challenging. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCFB) impedes the adequate penetration of certain antiretroviral drugs into the brain. In addition, reports have shown that some antiretroviral drugs cause neurotoxicity resulting from their interaction with nervous tissues due to long-term systemic exposure. Therefore, the research into the effective therapeutic modality that would cater for the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and ART toxicity is now receiving broad research attention. Thus, this review explores the latest information in managing HAND using a nanoparticle drug delivery system (NDDS). We discussed the neurotoxicity profile of various approved ART. Also, we explained the applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in medicine, their different synthesis methods and their interaction with nervous tissues. Lastly, while proposing AgNPs as useful nanoparticles in properly delivering ART to enhance effectiveness and minimize neurocognitive disorders, we hypothesize that the perceived toxicity of AgNPs could be minimized by taking appropriate precautions. One such precaution is using appropriate reducing and stabilizing agents such as trisodium citrate to reduce silver ion Ag + to ground state Ag0 during the synthesis. Also, the usage of medium-sized, spherical-shaped AgNPs is encouraged in AgNPs-based drug delivery to the brain due to their ability to deliver therapeutic agents across BBB. In addition, characterization and functionalization of the synthesized AgNPs are required during the drug delivery approach. Putting all these factors in place would minimize toxicity and enhance the usage of AgNPs in delivering therapeutic agents across the BBB to the targeted brain tissue and could cater for the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and neurotoxic effects of antiretroviral drugs (ARDs).
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Sornsuwan K, Thongkhum W, Pamonsupornwichit T, Carraway TS, Soponpong S, Sakkhachornphop S, Tayapiwatana C, Yasamut U. Performance of Affinity-Improved DARPin Targeting HIV Capsid Domain in Interference of Viral Progeny Production. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101437. [PMID: 34680070 PMCID: PMC8533564 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, a designed ankyrin repeat protein, AnkGAG1D4, was generated for intracellular targeting of the HIV-1 capsid domain. The efficiency was satisfactory in interfering with the HIV assembly process. Consequently, improved AnkGAG1D4 binding affinity was introduced by substituting tyrosine (Y) for serine (S) at position 45. However, the intracellular anti-HIV-1 activity of AnkGAG1D4-S45Y has not yet been validated. In this study, the performance of AnkGAG1D4 and AnkGAG1D4-S45Y in inhibiting wild-type HIV-1 and HIV-1 maturation inhibitor-resistant replication in SupT1 cells was evaluated. HIV-1 p24 and viral load assays were used to verify the biological activity of AnkGAG1D4 and AnkGAG1D4-S45Y as assembly inhibitors. In addition, retardation of syncytium formation in infected SupT1 cells was observed. Of note, the defense mechanism of both ankyrins did not induce the mutation of target amino acids in the capsid domain. The present data show that the potency of AnkGAG1D4-S45Y was superior to AnkGAG1D4 in interrupting either HIV-1 wild-type or the HIV maturation inhibitor-resistant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokporn Sornsuwan
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Weeraya Thongkhum
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thanathat Pamonsupornwichit
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tanawan Samleerat Carraway
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suthinee Soponpong
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Umpa Yasamut
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Cunha RF, Simões S, Carvalheiro M, Pereira JMA, Costa Q, Ascenso A. Novel Antiretroviral Therapeutic Strategies for HIV. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175305. [PMID: 34500737 PMCID: PMC8434305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
When the first cases of HIV infection appeared in the 1980s, AIDS was a deadly disease without any therapeutic alternatives. Currently, there is still no cure for most cases mainly due to the multiple tissues that act as a reservoir for this virus besides the high viral mutagenesis that leads to an antiretroviral drug resistance. Throughout the years, multiple drugs with specific mechanisms of action on distinct targets have been approved. In this review, the most recent phase III clinical studies and other research therapies as advanced antiretroviral nanodelivery systems will be here discussed. Although the combined antiretroviral therapy is effective in reducing viral loading to undetectable levels, it also presents some disadvantages, such as usual side effects, high frequency of administration, and the possibility of drug resistance. Therefore, several new drugs, delivery systems, and vaccines have been tested in pre-clinical and clinical trials. Regarding drug delivery, an attempt to change the route of administration of some conventional antiretrovirals has proven to be successful and surpassed some issues related to patient compliance. Nanotechnology has brought a new approach to overcoming certain obstacles of formulation design including drug solubility and biodistribution. Overall, the encapsulation of antiretroviral drugs into nanosystems has shown improved drug release and pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita F. Cunha
- Drug Delivery Research Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.F.C.); (S.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Sandra Simões
- Drug Delivery Research Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.F.C.); (S.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Manuela Carvalheiro
- Drug Delivery Research Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.F.C.); (S.S.); (M.C.)
| | - José M. Azevedo Pereira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.A.P.); (Q.C.)
| | - Quirina Costa
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.A.P.); (Q.C.)
| | - Andreia Ascenso
- Drug Delivery Research Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.F.C.); (S.S.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhu G, Han J, Li H, Liu Y, Jia L, Li T, Wang X, Li J, Huang S, Li L. Near Full-Length Genomic Characterization of 16 HIV-1 CRF01_AE Primary Isolates from Guangxi, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:572-579. [PMID: 33287627 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation and culture of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are an important basis for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) etiology, immunology, drug screening, clinical treatment, and vaccine research. CRF01_AE is one of the predominant strains of HIV-1 in China. However, there are few HIV-1 CRF01_AE isolates that have been reported. In this study, 16 HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains from Guangxi, China, were isolated, and the near full-length genomes were reverse transcribed and amplified in two halves with the 1 kb overlapping region. The polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced directly. The phylogenetic analysis results showed that all of the 16 isolated strains were CRF01_AE recombinant form, and two clusters were set up in the phylogenetic tree. The tropic prediction of 16 strains showed that 2 isolates were CCR5 tropic, and the others are CXCR4 tropic. Eight of the isolated strains are drug resistant according to the genetic prediction. These 16 near full-length characterized CRF01_AE isolates obtained in this study will provide valuable genomic and phenotypic information on HIV-1 strains circulating in China for related researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwan Han
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hanping Li
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghai Huang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of AIDS Research, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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17
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Park KH, Kim M, Bae SE, Lee HJ, Kim KC, Choi BS, Kim YB. Study on suitable analysis method for HIV-1 non-catalytic integrase inhibitor. Virol J 2021; 18:17. [PMID: 33436020 PMCID: PMC7805210 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrase (IN) is an essential protein for HIV replication that catalyzes insertion of the reverse-transcribed viral genome into the host chromosome during the early steps of viral infection. Highly active anti-retroviral therapy is a HIV/AIDS treatment method that combines three or more antiviral drugs often formulated from compounds that inhibit the activities of viral reverse transcriptase and protease enzymes. Early IN inhibitors (INIs) mainly serve as integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) that disrupt strand transfer by binding the catalytic core domain of IN. However, mutations of IN can confer resistance to INSTI. Therefore, non-catalytic integrase inhibitors (NCINI) have been developed as next-generation INIs.
Methods In this study, we evaluated and compared the activity of INSTI and NCINI according to the analysis method. Antiviral activity was compared using p24 ELISA with MT2 cell and TZM-bl luciferase system with TZM-bl cell. Each drug was serially diluted and treated to MT2 and TZM-b1 cells, infected with HIV-1 AD8 strain and incubated for 5 and 2 days, respectively. Additionally, to analyze properties of INSTI and NCINI, transfer inhibition assay and 3′-processing inhibition assay were performed. Results During screening of INIs using the p24 ELISA and TZM-bl luciferase systems, we found an inconsistent result with INSTI and NCINI drugs. Following infection of MT2 and TZM-bl cells with T-tropic HIV-1 strain, both INSTI and NCINI treatments induced significant p24 reduction in MT2 cells. However, NCINI showed no antiviral activity in the TZM-bl luciferase system, indicating that this widely used and convenient antiretroviral assay is not suitable for screening of NCINI compounds that target the second round of HIV-1 replication. Conclusion Accordingly, we recommend application of other assay procedures, such as p24 ELISA or reverse transcription activity, in lieu of the TZM-bl luciferase system for preliminary NCINI drug screening. Utilization of appropriate analytical methods based on underlying mechanisms is necessary for accurate assessment of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hoon Park
- Department of Bio-Industrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seoung Eun Bae
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chang Kim
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk, Korea
| | - Byeong Sun Choi
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungcheongbuk, Korea
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Bio-Industrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Singh Chauhan P, Abutbul Ionita I, Moshe Halamish H, Sosnik A, Danino D. Multidomain drug delivery systems of β-casein micelles for the local oral co-administration of antiretroviral combinations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 592:156-166. [PMID: 33652169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The antiretroviral (ARV) cocktailrevolved the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Drug combinations have been also tested to treat other infectious diseases, including the recentcoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. To simplify administration fixed-dose combinationshave been introduced, however, oral anti-HIV therapy still struggles with low oral bioavailability of many ARVs.This work investigated the co-encapsulation of two clinically relevant ARV combinations,tipranavir (TPV):efavirenz (EFV) anddarunavir (DRV):efavirenz (EFV):ritonavir (RTV),within the core of β-casein (bCN) micelles. Encapsulation efficiency in both systems was ~100%. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering of the ARV-loaded colloidaldispersions indicatefull preservation of the spherical morphology, and x-ray diffraction confirm that the encapsulated drugs are amorphous. To prolong the physicochemical stabilitythe formulations were freeze-driedwithout cryo/lyoprotectant, and successfully redispersed, with minor changes in morphology.Then, theARV-loaded micelles were encapsulated within microparticles of Eudragit® L100, which prevented enzymatic degradation and minimized drug release under gastric-like pH conditionsin vitro. At intestinal pH, the coating polymer dissolved and released the nanocarriers and content. Overall, our results confirm the promise of this flexible and modular technology platform for oral delivery of fixed dose combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakram Singh Chauhan
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Inbal Abutbul Ionita
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hen Moshe Halamish
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Dganit Danino
- CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515063, China.
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19
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Rosales-Mendoza S, García-Silva I, González-Ortega O, Sandoval-Vargas JM, Malla A, Vimolmangkang S. The Potential of Algal Biotechnology to Produce Antiviral Compounds and Biopharmaceuticals. Molecules 2020; 25:E4049. [PMID: 32899754 PMCID: PMC7571207 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to an unprecedented pandemic, which demands urgent development of antiviral drugs and antibodies; as well as prophylactic approaches, namely vaccines. Algae biotechnology has much to offer in this scenario given the diversity of such organisms, which are a valuable source of antiviral and anti-inflammatory compounds that can also be used to produce vaccines and antibodies. Antivirals with possible activity against SARS-CoV-2 are summarized, based on previously reported activity against Coronaviruses or other enveloped or respiratory viruses. Moreover, the potential of algae-derived anti-inflammatory compounds to treat severe cases of COVID-19 is contemplated. The scenario of producing biopharmaceuticals in recombinant algae is presented and the cases of algae-made vaccines targeting viral diseases is highlighted as valuable references for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Successful cases in the production of functional antibodies are described. Perspectives on how specific algae species and genetic engineering techniques can be applied for the production of anti-viral compounds antibodies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.G.-S.); (O.G.-O.); (J.M.S.-V.)
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Ileana García-Silva
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.G.-S.); (O.G.-O.); (J.M.S.-V.)
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Omar González-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.G.-S.); (O.G.-O.); (J.M.S.-V.)
| | - José M. Sandoval-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.G.-S.); (O.G.-O.); (J.M.S.-V.)
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Ashwini Malla
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Research Unit for Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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20
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Cardoso WB, Mendanha SA. Molecular dynamics simulation of docking structures of SARS-CoV-2 main protease and HIV protease inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2020; 1225:129143. [PMID: 32863430 PMCID: PMC7443253 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We consider possible repurposed-drugs candidates against SARS-CoV-2. 10 different HIV protease inhibitors were investigated. In silico simulations were used to study protease inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2.
In this paper we investigate 10 different HIV protease inhibitors (HPIs) as possible repurposed-drugs candidates against SARS-CoV-2. To this end, we execute molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The in silico data demonstrated that, despite their molecular differences, all HPIs presented a similar behavior for the parameters analyzed, with the exception of Nelfinavir that showed better results for most of the molecular dynamics parameters in comparison with the N3 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley B Cardoso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sebastião A Mendanha
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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21
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Does HIV infection affect the survival of dental implants? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 125:862-869. [PMID: 32694022 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Immunosuppression and coinfections associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection pose a relative contraindication for dental implant therapy. However, although implants have been placed in patients with HIV with reasonable success, how HIV infection affects their survival is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was to analyze the data on the survival of dental implants in patients with HIV. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search for relevant articles published up to November 2019 was performed in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane databases, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were adopted for the conduct of the systematic review. The most pertinent data were extracted and pooled for qualitative and quantitative analyses with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was analyzed by using I-squared statistics. RESULTS A total of 8 studies involving 411 individuals with HIV and 1109 implants were included in the meta-analysis. The mean follow-up period was 2.8 years. A pooled estimate of 95% of implant survival rate with 95% confidence interval(92% to 96%) was noted. Heterogeneity across the 8 studies was found to be 41% with moderate true variability. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrated that HIV infection does not pose a serious threat to implant survival on short-term evaluation, but the evidence is of low quality.
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22
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Panwar U, Chandra I, Selvaraj C, Singh SK. Current Computational Approaches for the Development of Anti-HIV Inhibitors: An Overview. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3390-3405. [PMID: 31538884 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190911160244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, HIV-1 infection has become an extensive problem to public health and a greater challenge to all working researchers throughout the world. Since the beginning of HIV-1 virus, several antiviral therapeutic agents have been developed at various stages to combat HIV-1 infection. But, many of antiviral drugs are on the platform of drug resistance and toxicology issues, needs an urgent constructive investigation for the development of productive and protective therapeutics to make an improvement of individual life suffering with viral infection. As developing a novel agent is very costly, challenging and time taking route in the recent times. METHODS The review summarized about the modern approaches of computational aided drug discovery to developing a novel inhibitor within a short period of time and less cost. RESULTS The outcome suggests on the premise of reported information that the computational drug discovery is a powerful technology to design a defensive and fruitful therapeutic agents to combat HIV-1 infection and recover the lifespan of suffering one. CONCLUSION Based on survey of the reported information, we concluded that the current computational approaches is highly supportive in the progress of drug discovery and controlling the viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Panwar
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ishwar Chandra
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandrabose Selvaraj
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice, Czech Republic
| | - Sanjeev K Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dick A, Cocklin S. Recent Advances in HIV-1 Gag Inhibitor Design and Development. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071687. [PMID: 32272714 PMCID: PMC7181048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved the life quality of many patients since its implementation. However, resistance mutations and the accumulation of severe side effects associated with cART remain enormous challenges that need to be addressed with the continual design and redesign of anti-HIV drugs. In this review, we focus on the importance of the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein as the master coordinator of HIV-1 assembly and maturation and as an emerging drug target. Due to its multiple roles in the HIV-1 life cycle, the individual Gag domains are attractive but also challenging targets for inhibitor design. However, recent encouraging developments in targeting the Gag domains such as the capsid protein with highly potent and potentially long-acting inhibitors, as well as the exploration and successful targeting of challenging HIV-1 proteins such as the matrix protein, have demonstrated the therapeutic viability of this important protein. Such Gag-directed inhibitors have great potential for combating the AIDS pandemic and to be useful tools to dissect HIV-1 biology.
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Xu C, Xin Y, Chen M, Ba M, Guo Q, Zhu C, Guo Y, Shi J. Discovery, synthesis, and optimization of an N-alkoxy indolylacetamide against HIV-1 carrying NNRTI-resistant mutations from the Isatis indigotica root. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112071. [PMID: 32004936 PMCID: PMC7111291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
From an aqueous decoction of the traditional Chinese medicine "ban lan gen" (the Isatis indigotica root), an antiviral natural product CI - 39 was isolated as an NNRTI (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) (EC50 = 3.40 μM). Its novel structure was determined as methyl (1-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetamidobenzoate by spectroscopic data and confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Through synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigation of CI - 39 and 57 new derivatives (24 with EC50 values of 0.06-8.55 μM), two optimized derivatives 10f and 10i (EC50: 0.06 μM and 0.06 μM) having activity comparable to that of NVP (EC50 = 0.03 μM) were obtained. Further evaluation verified that 10f and 10i were RT DNA polymerase inhibitors and exhibited better activities and drug resistance folds compared to NVP against seven NNRTI-resistant strains carrying different mutations. Especially, 10i (EC50 = 0.43 μM) was more active to the L100I/K103N double-mutant strain as compared to both NVP (EC50 = 0.76 μM) and EFV (EC50 = 1.08 μM). The molecular docking demonstrated a possible binding pattern between 10i and RT and revealed activity mechanism of 10i against the NNRTI-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yijing Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Minghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mingyu Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qinglan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chenggen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jiangong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Brokowski C, Adli M. Ethical Considerations in Therapeutic Clinical Trials Involving Novel Human Germline-Editing Technology. CRISPR J 2020; 3:18-26. [DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2019.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Brokowski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mazhar Adli
- Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern, Chicago, Illinois
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Improving the positional adaptability: structure-based design of biphenyl-substituted diaryltriazines as novel non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:344-357. [PMID: 32082978 PMCID: PMC7016291 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the positional adaptability of our previously reported naphthyl diaryltriazines (NP-DATAs), synthesis of a series of novel biphenyl-substituted diaryltriazines (BP-DATAs) with a flexible side chain attached at the C-6 position is presented. These compounds exhibited excellent potency against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 with EC50 values ranging from 2.6 to 39 nmol/L and most of them showed low nanomolar anti-viral potency against a panel of HIV-1 mutant strains. Compounds 5j and 6k had the best activity against WT, single and double HIV-1 mutants and reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme comparable to two reference drugs (EFV and ETR) and our lead compound NP-DATA (1). Molecular modeling disclosed that the side chain at the C-6 position of DATAs occupied the entrance channel of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase non-nucleoside binding pocket (NNIBP) attributing to the improved activity. The preliminary structure–activity relationship and PK profiles were also discussed.
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Key Words
- AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- BP-DATA, biphenyl-substituted diaryltriazine
- BP-DATAs
- CC50, 50% cytotoxicity concentration
- DAPY, diarylpyrimidine
- DATA, diaryltriazine
- EC50, the concentration causing 50% inhibition of antiviral activity
- EFV, efavirenz
- ETR, etravirine
- HEPT, 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HIV-1
- MD, molecular dynamic
- Molecular modeling
- NNIBP, non-nucleoside inhibitor binding pocket
- NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
- NNRTIs
- NP-DATA, naphthyl diaryltriazine
- NP-DATAs
- NVP, nevirapine
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- Positional adaptability
- RMSD, root-mean square deviation
- RPV, rilpivirine
- RT, reverse transcriptase
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SI, selectivity index
- TSAO, tert-butyldimethylsilyl-spiroaminooxathioledioxide
- WT, wild-type
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Eurtivong C, Choowongkomon K, Ploypradith P, Ruchirawat S. Molecular docking study of lamellarin analogues and identification of potential inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer complex by virtual screening. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02811. [PMID: 31763475 PMCID: PMC6861579 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular docking has been applied to elucidate the binding of lamellarin analogues with HIV-1 integrase strand transfer complex (PDB ID: 5U1C). The results suggest hydrogen bond interaction with residue Glu92 is key, and stabilisation by π-π stacking interactions with DNA base is chiefly influential to strand transfer activity. Other residues involved in hydrogen bonding are Cys65, His67, Asp64, Asp116 and chelation with Mg2+ ion was seen for certain analogues. Furthermore, hydrophobic interactions can be accounted for several amino acids including Asp64, Cys65, Asp116, His67, Glu92, Tyr143, Phe121, Gly118, Pro142 and Val72, as well as the DNA base. The molecular docking results are in line with the reported literatures of other inhibitors and strand transfer activity observed previously by Faulkner. We further employed molecular docking simulation to virtually screen and identified 4 novel potential inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase strand transfer complex from a Chembridge diversity collection of 25,132 small molecule compounds; Chembridge ID compound codes: 22850303, 27553460, 24578440 and 27591056. The candidates clearly formed hydrogen bonding interactions with important residues: His67 and Glu92. In addition, hydrophobic interactions were seen with residues similar to interactions with lamellarin analogues. The calculated drug-like scores are suggestive of these compounds to have clinical potential and ADMET predictions implied of their acceptable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Poonsakdi Ploypradith
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
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Barreto Vasconcelos AL, Monteiro-Cunha JP. HIVfird: A Tool for Detection of Resistance to Fusion Inhibitor Drugs in HIV-1 Sequences. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:941-947. [PMID: 31280582 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion inhibitors are antiretroviral (ARV) drugs that prevent HIV-1 entry into host cells. Enfuvirtide (ENF) is the only ARV drug marketed in this class and, like other HIV drugs, it has been associated with the emergence and selection of therapeutic-resistant HIV-1 strains. The aims of this work were to develop a computational tool capable of identifying and classifying mutations associated with resistance to Enfuvirtide and to evaluate the prevalence of these mutations among the HIV-1 sequences deposited in public databases. The HIVfird (HIV-1 fusion inhibitor resistance detector) was developed using the PHP programming language, using 30 DNA bases obtained from the HIV-1 HXB2 gp41 protein as a reference. To assess the level of resistance in HIV-1 populations, sequences were retrieved from the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) database. The HIVfird is hosted at www.hivfird.ics.ufba.br, fully functional and available for public use. Twenty-five amino acid substitutions and 15 combinations were found to be associated with some level of resistance to ENF. These mutations are located at positions 36-45 of gp41, with 36, 38, 43, and 44 having the greatest diversity and frequency of variations associated with drug resistance. Resistance mutations were found in 3.16% and 4.67% of the circulating HIV-1 isolates in the world and Brazil, respectively. Subtype B showed a significantly higher ENF resistance rate (4.9%) compared to other genetic forms, while subtype C presented the lowest rate (0.9%). We present here HIVfird, an online tool that might assist in the therapeutic management of HIV-1 patients with multiple drug failure and in population-based analysis of drug resistance.
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Zhang DW, Luo RH, Xu L, Yang LM, Xu XS, Bedwell GJ, Engelman AN, Zheng YT, Chang S. A HTRF based competitive binding assay for screening specific inhibitors of HIV-1 capsid assembly targeting the C-Terminal domain of capsid. Antiviral Res 2019; 169:104544. [PMID: 31254557 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to its multifaceted essential roles in virus replication and extreme genetic fragility, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) capsid (CA) protein is a valued therapeutic target. However, CA is as yet unexploited clinically, as there are no antiviral agents that target it currently on the market. To facilitate the identification of potential HIV-1 CA inhibitors, we established a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay to screen for small molecules that target a biologically active and specific binding pocket in the C-terminal domain of HIV-1 CA (CA CTD). The assay, which is based on competition of small molecules for the binding of a known CA inhibitor (CAI) to the CA CTD, exhibited a signal-to-background ratio (S/B) > 10 and a Z' value > 0.9. In a pilot screen of three kinase inhibitor libraries containing 464 compounds, we identified one compound, TX-1918, as a low micromolecular inhibitor of the HIV-1 CA CTD-CAI interaction (IC50 = 3.81 μM) that also inhibited viral replication at moderate micromolar concentration (EC50 = 15.16 μM) and inhibited CA assembly in vitro. Based on the structure of TX-1918, an additional compound with an antiviral EC50 of 6.57 μM and cellular cytotoxicity CC50 of 102.55 μM was obtained from a compound similarity search. Thus, the HTRF-based assay has properties that are suitable for screening large compound libraries to identify novel anti-HIV-1 inhibitors targeting the CA CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Rong-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, The National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primate, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Liu-Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, The National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primate, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Gregory J Bedwell
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alan N Engelman
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, The National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primate, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
| | - Shan Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China.
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30
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DeStefano JJ. Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Inhibit Reverse Transcriptase through a Mutually Exclusive Interaction with Divalent Cation-dNTP Complexes. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2176-2187. [PMID: 30900874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are considered noncompetitive inhibitors that structurally alter reverse transcriptase (RT) and dramatically decrease catalysis. In this report, biochemical analysis with various divalent cations was used to demonstrate that NNRTIs and divalent cation-dNTP complexes are mutually exclusive, inhibiting each other's binding to RT/primer/template (RT-P/T) complexes. The binding of catalytically competent divalent cation-dNTP complexes to RT-P/T was measured with Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ using Ca2+, a noncatalytic cation, for displacement. Binding strength order was Mn2+ ≈ Zn2+ ≫ Co2+ > Mg2+ ≈ Ni2+. Consistent with but not exclusive to mutually exclusive binding, primer extension assays showed that stronger divalent cation-dNTP complexes were more resistant to NNRTIs (efavirenz (EFV), rilpivirine (RPV), and nevirapine (NVP)). Filtration assays demonstrated that divalent cation-dNTP complexes inhibited the binding of 14C-labeled EFV to RT-P/T with stronger binding complexes formed with Mn2+ inhibiting more potently than those with Mg2+. Conversely, filter binding assays demonstrated that EFV inhibited 3H-labeled dNTP binding to RT-P/T complexes with displacement of Mn2+-dNTP complexes requiring much greater concentrations of EFV than the more weakly bound Mg2+-dNTP complexes. EFV bound relatively weakly to the NNRTI resistant K103N RT; but, binding was modestly enhanced in the presence of P/T, and EFV was easily displaced by divalent cation-dNTP complexes. This suggests that K103N overcomes EFV inhibition mostly by binding more weakly to the drug and is in contrast to other reports that indicate K103N has little to no effect on drug or dNTP binding. Overall, this biochemical analysis supports recent biophysical analyses of NNRTI-RT interactions that indicate mutually exclusive binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J DeStefano
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and the Maryland Pathogen Research Institute , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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31
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Chen-Chen L, de Jesus Silva Carvalho C, de Moraes Filho AV, Véras JH, Cardoso CG, Bailão E, Spanó MA, Cunha KS. Toxicity and genotoxicity induced by abacavir antiretroviral medication alone or in combination with zidovudine and/or lamivudine in Drosophila melanogaster. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:446-454. [PMID: 30545272 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118818248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abacavir (ABC), zidovudine (AZT), and lamivudine (3TC) are nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) widely used as combination-based antiretroviral therapy against human immunodeficiency virus. Despite effective viral suppression using NRTI combinations, genotoxic potential of NRTIs can be increased when administered in combination. This study investigated the toxic and genotoxic potential of ABC when administered alone or in combination with AZT and/or 3TC using the somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster. This test simultaneously evaluated two events related to carcinogenic potential: mutation and somatic recombination. The results indicated that ABC was responsible for toxicity when administered alone or in combination with AZT and/or 3TC. In addition, all treatment combinations increased frequencies of mutation and somatic recombination. The combination of AZT/3TC showed the lowest genotoxic activity compared to all combinations with ABC. Therefore, our results indicated that ABC was responsible for a significant portion of genotoxic activity of these combinations. Somatic recombination was the main genetic event observed, ranging from 83.7% to 97.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen-Chen
- 1 Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - C de Jesus Silva Carvalho
- 1 Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - A V de Moraes Filho
- 1 Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - J H Véras
- 1 Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - C G Cardoso
- 1 Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Eflc Bailão
- 2 Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Campus Henrique Santillo, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Brazil
| | - M A Spanó
- 3 Laboratório de Mutagênese, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - K S Cunha
- 1 Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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32
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Qualley DF, Cooper SE, Ross JL, Olson ED, Cantara WA, Musier-Forsyth K. Solution Conformation of Bovine Leukemia Virus Gag Suggests an Elongated Structure. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1203-1216. [PMID: 30731090 PMCID: PMC6424597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that infects domestic cattle. The structural protein Gag, found in all retroviruses, is a polyprotein comprising three major functional domains: matrix (MA), capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid (NC). Previous studies have shown that both mature BLV MA and NC are able to bind to nucleic acids; however, the viral assembly process and packaging of viral genomic RNA requires full-length Gag to produce infectious particles. Compared to lentiviruses, little is known about the structure of the Gag polyprotein of deltaretroviruses. In this work, structural models of full-length BLV Gag and Gag lacking the MA domain were generated based on previous structural data of individual domains, homology modeling, and flexible fitting to SAXS data using molecular dynamics. The models were used in molecular dynamic simulations to determine the relative mobility of the protein backbone. Functional annealing assays revealed the role of MA in the nucleic acid chaperone activity of BLV Gag. Our results show that full-length BLV Gag has an elongated rod-shaped structure that is relatively rigid, with the exception of the linker between the MA and CA domains. Deletion of the MA domain maintains the elongated structure but alters the rate of BLV Gag-facilitated annealing of two complementary nucleic acids. These data are consistent with a role for the MA domain of retroviral Gag proteins in modulating nucleic acid binding and chaperone activity. IMPORTANCE: BLV is a retrovirus that is found worldwide in domestic cattle. Since BLV infection has serious implications for agriculture, and given its similarities to human retroviruses such as HTLV-1, the development of an effective treatment would have numerous benefits. The Gag polyprotein exists in all retroviruses and is a key player in viral assembly. However, the full-length structure of Gag from any virus has yet to be elucidated at high resolution. This study provides structural data for BLV Gag and could be a starting point for modeling Gag-small molecule interactions with the ultimate goal of developing of a new class of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic F Qualley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for One Health Studies, Berry College, Mt. Berry, GA 30149, USA.
| | - Sarah E Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for One Health Studies, Berry College, Mt. Berry, GA 30149, USA
| | - James L Ross
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for One Health Studies, Berry College, Mt. Berry, GA 30149, USA
| | - Erik D Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, and Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - William A Cantara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, and Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Karin Musier-Forsyth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, and Center for Retrovirus Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Dubey RC, Mishra N, Gaur R. G protein-coupled and ATP-sensitive inwardly rectifying potassium ion channels are essential for HIV entry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4113. [PMID: 30858482 PMCID: PMC6411958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The high genetic diversity of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has hindered the development of effective vaccines or antiviral drugs against it. Hence, there is a continuous need for identification of new antiviral targets. HIV exploits specific host proteins also known as HIV-dependency factors during its replication inside the cell. Potassium channels play a crucial role in the life cycle of several viruses by modulating ion homeostasis, cell signaling, cell cycle, and cell death. In this study, using pharmacological tools, we have identified that HIV utilizes distinct cellular potassium channels at various steps in its life cycle. Members of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channel family, G protein-coupled (GIRK), and ATP-sensitive (KATP) are involved in HIV entry. Blocking these channels using specific inhibitors reduces HIV entry. Another member, Kir 1.1 plays a role post entry as inhibiting this channel inhibits virus production and release. These inhibitors are not toxic to the cells at the concentration used in the study. We have further identified the possible mechanism through which these potassium channels regulate HIV entry by using a slow-response potential-sensitive probe DIBAC4(3) and have observed that blocking these potassium channels inhibits membrane depolarization which then inhibits HIV entry and virus release as well. These results demonstrate for the first time, the important role of Kir channel members in HIV-1 infection and suggest that these K+ channels could serve as a safe therapeutic target for treatment of HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi C Dubey
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Nawneet Mishra
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ritu Gaur
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Mulik BB, Dhumal ST, Harale RR, Kharat KR, Sathe BR. Electrochemical Studies of Anti‐HIV Drug Emtricitabine: Oxidative Determination and Improved Antimicrobial Activity. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji B. Mulik
- Department of ChemistryDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad 431004 Maharashtra India
| | - Sambhaji T. Dhumal
- Department of ChemistryDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad 431004 Maharashtra India
| | - Rajkumar R. Harale
- Department of ChemistryDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad 431004 Maharashtra India
| | - Kiran R. Kharat
- Center for Advanced Life SciencesDeogiri College Aurangabad 431001 Maharashtra India
| | - Bhaskar R. Sathe
- Department of ChemistryDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad 431004 Maharashtra India
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