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Shin S, Oh S, Seo D, Kumar S, Lee A, Lee S, Kim YR, Lee M, Seo S. Field-portable seawater toxicity monitoring platform using lens-free shadow imaging technology. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119585. [PMID: 36638739 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The accidental spill of hazardous and noxious substances (HNSs) in the ocean has serious environmental and human health consequences. Assessing the ecotoxicity of seawater exposed to various HNS is challenging due to the constant development of new HNS or mixtures, and assessment methods are also limited. Microalgae viability tests are often used among the various biological indicators for ecotoxicity testing, as they are the primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. However, since the conventional cell growth rate test measures cell viability over three to four days using manual inspection under a conventional optical microscope, it is labor- and time-intensive and prone to subjective errors. In this study, we propose a rapid and automated method to evaluate seawater ecotoxicity by quantification of the morphological changes of microalgae exposed to more than 30 HNSs. This method was further validated using conventional growth rate test results. Dunaliella tertiolecta, a microalgae species without rigid cell walls, was selected as the test organism. Its morphological changes in response to HNS exposure were measured at the single cell level using a custom-developed device that uses lens-free shadow imaging technology. The ecotoxicity evaluation induced by the morphological change could be available in as little as 5 min using the proposed method and device, and it could be effective for 20 HNSs out of 30 HNSs tested. Moreover, the test results of six selected HNSs with high marine transport volume and toxicity revealed that the sensitivity of the proposed method extends to half the maximum effective concentration (EC50) and even to the lowest observed effective concentration (LOEC). Furthermore, the average correlation index between the growth inhibition test (three to four days) and the proposed morphology changes test (5 min) for the six selected HNSs was 0.84, indicating great promise in the field of various point-of-care water quality monitoring. Thus, the proposed equipment and technology may provide a viable alternative to traditional on-site toxicity testing, and the potential of rapid morphological analysis may replace traditional growth inhibition testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Oh
- Maritime Safety & Environmental Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmin Seo
- Ocean System Engineering Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Samir Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyeon Lee
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Marine Eco-Technology Institute, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ryun Kim
- Marine Eco-Technology Institute, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjin Lee
- Maritime Safety & Environmental Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Seo
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Painefilú JC, González C, Cárcamo JG, Bianchi VA, Luquet CM. Microcystin-LR modulates multixenobiotic resistance proteins in the middle intestine of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 253:106327. [PMID: 36274501 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change favors explosive population growth events (blooms) of phytoplanktonic species, often producing toxic products, e.g., several genera of cyanobacteria synthesize a family of cyanotoxins called microcystins (MCs). Freshwater fish such as the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss can uptake MCs accumulated in the food chain. We studied the toxic effects and modulation of the activity and expression of multixenobiotic resistance proteins (ABCC transporters and the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the O. mykiss middle intestine by microcystin-LR (MCLR). Juvenile fish were fed with MCLR incorporated in the food every 12 h and euthanized at 12, 24, or 48 h. We estimated the ABCC-mediated transport in ex vivo intestinal strips to estimate ABCC-mediated transport activity. We measured total and reduced (GSH) glutathione contents and GST and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. We studied MCLR cytotoxicity by measuring protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity and lysosomal membrane stability. Finally, we examined the relationship between ROS production and lysosomal membrane stability through in vitro experiments. Dietary MCLR had a time-dependent effect on ABCC-mediated transport, from inhibition at 12 h to a significant increase after 48 h. GST activity decreased only at 12 h, and GR activity only increased at 48 h. There were no effects on GSH or total glutathione contents. MCLR inhibited PP1 activity and diminished the lysosomal membrane stability at the three experimental times. In the in vitro study, the lysosomal membrane stability decreased in a concentration-dependent fashion from 0 to 5 µmol L - 1 MCLR, while ROS production increased only at 5 µmol L - 1 MCLR. MCLR did not affect mRNA expression of abcc2 or gst-π. We conclude that MCLR modulates ABCC-mediated transport activity in O. mykiss's middle intestine in a time-dependent manner. The transport rate increase does not impair MCLR cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Painefilú
- Laboratorio de Ictiología y Acuicultura Experimental, IPATEC (CONICET-UNCo). Quintral 1250. San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Carolina González
- Agua y Saneamientos Argentinos, Tucumán 752, 1049 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Limnología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Argentina
| | - Juan G Cárcamo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile
| | - Virginia A Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo). Ruta provincial 61, km 3, Junín de los Andes, 8371 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo). Ruta provincial 61, km 3, Junín de los Andes, 8371 Neuquén, Argentina.
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Brehm J, Wilde MV, Reiche L, Leitner LC, Petran B, Meinhart M, Wieland S, Ritschar S, Schott M, Boos JP, Frei S, Kress H, Senker J, Greiner A, Fröhlich T, Laforsch C. In-depth characterization revealed polymer type and chemical content specific effects of microplastic on Dreissena bugensis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129351. [PMID: 35728319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, filter feeders like mussels are particularly vulnerable to microplastics (MP). However, little is known about how the polymer type and the associated properties (like additives or remaining monomers) of MP impact organisms, as the predominant type of MP used for effect studies on the organismic level are micron grade polystyrene spheres, without considering their chemical composition. Therefore, we exposed the freshwater mussel Dreissena bugensis (D. bugensis) to in-depth characterized fragments in the same concentration and size range (20-120 µm): recycled polyethylene terephthalate from drinking bottles, polyamide, polystyrene, polylactic acid, and mussel shell fragments as natural particle control. Real-time valvometry, used to study behavioral responses via the movement of the mussels' valves, showed that mussels cannot distinguish between natural and MP particles, and therefore do not cease their filtration, as when exposed to dissolved pollutants. This unintentional ingestion led to polymer type-dependent adverse effects (activity of antioxidant enzymes and proteomic alterations), related to chemicals and residual monomers found in MP. Overall, recycled PET elicited the strongest negative effects, likely caused by anthranilamide, anthranilonitrile and butylated hydroxytoluene, contained in the fragments, which are toxic to aquatic organisms. As PET is among the most abundant MP in the environment, sublethal effects may gradually manifest at the population level, leading to irreversible ecosystem changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Brehm
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Magdalena V Wilde
- LMU Munich, Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Feodor-Lynen Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Reiche
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lisa-Cathrin Leitner
- University of Bayreuth, Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Benedict Petran
- University of Bayreuth, Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marcel Meinhart
- University of Bayreuth, Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Simon Wieland
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; University of Bayreuth, Biological Physics, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sven Ritschar
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Schott
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jan-Pascal Boos
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Hydrology and Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sven Frei
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Hydrology and Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Kress
- University of Bayreuth, Biological Physics, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Senker
- University of Bayreuth, Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- University of Bayreuth, Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- LMU Munich, Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Feodor-Lynen Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Jong MC, Li J, Noor HM, He Y, Gin KYH. Impacts of size-fractionation on toxicity of marine microplastics: Enhanced integrated biomarker assessment in the tropical mussels, Perna viridis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155459. [PMID: 35472354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of microplastics (MP) in oceanic waters is eroding the health of marine biota. We investigated how size-fractionated MP influence the toxicity risks towards a tropical keystone species, Perna viridis. Tissue-specific bioaccumulation and in vivo toxicity of polystyrene (PS) particles (0.5, 5, and 50 μm) were measured upon continuous exposure for 7 days, followed by 7 days depuration. P. viridis were exposed to equivalent mass (0.6 mg/L), corresponding to 4.0-4.6 particles/mL, 4.6-7.1 × 103 particles/mL, and 1.1-4.8 × 106 particles/mL for 50 μm, 5 μm and 0.5 μm PS particles, respectively. Onset toxicity were quantified through the enhanced integrated multi-biomarker response (EIBR) model, measured by weighting of biological organisation levels of eight biomarkers: (i) molecular (i.e., DNA damage (comet), 7-ethoxy resorufin O-deethylase (EROD), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)); (ii) cellular (i.e., Neutral red retention (NRR), phagocytosis); and (iii) physiological (i.e., filtration rate). Data showed slightly elevated lysosomal instability (NRR) and antioxidant defences (FRAP, SOD, CAT, EROD) in specimens exposed to nano-PS (0.5 μm) compared to micro-PS (5 and 50 μm). Immunotoxicity (phagocytosis) and genotoxicity (comet) for haemocyte cells were significantly higher in specimens exposed to nano-PS (p < 0.05). EIBR index corroborated increasing toxicity modulated by MP sizes in descending order: 0.5 μm > 5 μm > 50 μm, with nano-PS exerted significantly higher biological effects (EIBR = 19.77 ± 5.89) than the unexposed group (EIBR = 10.97 ± 2.02; p < 0.05). Symptomatic organismal depression was manifested by the depleting filtering proficiency and weakened defence against invasive Zymosan bioparticles in the phagocytosis assay. Although impaired mussels duly recovered during depuration, individuals affected by nano-PS showed immunocompetence deficiency and gill responses that were not readily reversible, which could potentially increase their vulnerability towards further environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mui-Choo Jong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Junnan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hairati Mohd Noor
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; E2S2-CREATE, NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A-07-03, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; E2S2-CREATE, NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way, Create Tower, #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
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Wang J, Ma D, Feng K, Lou Y, Zhou H, Liu B, Xie G, Ren N, Xing D. Polystyrene nanoplastics shape microbiome and functional metabolism in anaerobic digestion. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118606. [PMID: 35597220 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) and microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the natural environment, social production, and life. However, our understanding of the effects of NPs and MPs on shaping the microbiome and functional metabolism of anaerobic microorganisms is limited. We investigated the response of core microbiomes and functional genes to polystyrene (PS) NPs and MPs exposure in a representative anaerobic micro-ecosystem of waste activated sludge. Independent anaerobic digestion (AD) experiment indicated that PS nanobeads suppressed acidogenesis by inhibiting the activity of acetate kinase, and subsequently reduced methane production. Our findings confirmed that MPs (1 and 10 μm) had no perceptible effect on methane production, yet 50 nm NPs resulted in a 15.5% decrease in methane yield, perhaps driven by the behavior of dominant genera Sulfurovum, Candidatus Methanofastidiosum, and Methanobacterium. Assays revealed that NPs contributed to the simplest network assemblies in bacterial communities, contrary to empirical networks in archaeal communities. NPs significantly reduced the abundance of genes involved in carbon degradation: lig, naglu and xylA, as well as gcd and phnK related to phosphorus cycling. The absolute abundance of mcrA encoding methyl-coenzyme M reductase was 54.4% of the control assay. PS NPs might adversely affect the biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles in natural and artificial ecosystems through their negative impact on biomass energy conversion by anaerobic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Dongmei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Kun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Yu Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Guojun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2614, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.
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Koagouw W, Stewart NA, Ciocan C. Long-term exposure of marine mussels to paracetamol: is time a healer or a killer? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:48823-48836. [PMID: 33928507 PMCID: PMC8084691 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals pose a major threat to the marine environment, and several studies have recently described their negative effects on marine organisms. Pharmaceutical compounds are constantly being released into aquatic ecosystems, and chronic exposure, even at low concentrations, may have a major impact on marine organisms. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the biological changes induced by one of the most widely used pharmaceuticals-paracetamol-in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, after a long-term exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations. We present our data alongside and in comparison with results from a previous short-term exposure, to demonstrate the significance of exposure period on the effects of paracetamol in adult blue mussels. After 24 days of laboratory exposure, seven potential target genes were selected to examine toxicological effects in mussels' gonads and possible disruptive effects on reproductive processes. The results show the modulation of some important reproduction-related genes: estrogen receptor-2 (ER2), vitelline envelope zona pellucida domain-9 (V9), and vitellogenin (VTG). Variations in mRNA expression of four other genes involved in apoptosis (HSP70, CASP8, BCL2, and FAS) are also highlighted. Histopathological alterations caused by paracetamol, together with neutral red retention time response in mussels' hemocytes, are presented herein. Overall, this study highlights the exacerbated effects of low concentration of paracetamol after chronic exposure, similar to the damage induced by higher concentrations in a short exposure scenario, thus emphasizing the importance of length of exposure period when studying the effects of this substance. Additionally, this study also discusses the potential of paracetamol to inflict several major changes in the reproductive system of mussels and thus possibly affect the survival of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulan Koagouw
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
- Centre for Aquatic Environments, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nicolas A. Stewart
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
| | - Corina Ciocan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
- Centre for Aquatic Environments, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, UK
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Wei Q, Hu CY, Zhang RR, Gu YY, Sun AL, Zhang ZM, Shi XZ, Chen J, Wang TZ. Comparative evaluation of high-density polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics pollutants: Uptake, elimination and effects in mussel. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105329. [PMID: 33892338 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and the polystyrene (PS), which are typical microplastic contaminants, are frequently detected in the environment and have potential hazard to environmental health. In this study, the accumulation, elimination, tissue distribution and potential effects of the HDPE and the PS in the mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were evaluated. The HDPE and the PS were found in various tissues (digestive gland > gill > gonad ≈ muscle) with no difference in distribution patterns. The accumulation of the HDPE and the PS rapidly increased in the first 48 h exposure, and the accumulation of HDPE was higher than that of PS. After 144 h of elimination, most of the HDPE and the PS were cleared by mussels. In addition, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and the content of oxidized glutathione considerably increased, indicating that the HDPE and the PS induced oxidative stress and prevented oxidative damage in elimination. The metabolomic analysis suggested that exposure to HDPE and PS induced alterations in the metabolic profiles of mussel. Differential metabolites were involved in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle and neurotoxic response., and Meanwhile, the PS had a lower effect on mussel metabolism during elimination, but the effect of HDPE was increased. Overall, this study elucidated that the HDPE and the PS caused adverse effects on the mussels and provided insights toward understanding the hazard of different microplastics on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chao-Yang Hu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yan-Yu Gu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ai-Li Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ze-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Xi-Zhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Teng-Zhou Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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8
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Rosner A, Armengaud J, Ballarin L, Barnay-Verdier S, Cima F, Coelho AV, Domart-Coulon I, Drobne D, Genevière AM, Jemec Kokalj A, Kotlarska E, Lyons DM, Mass T, Paz G, Pazdro K, Perić L, Ramšak A, Rakers S, Rinkevich B, Spagnuolo A, Sugni M, Cambier S. Stem cells of aquatic invertebrates as an advanced tool for assessing ecotoxicological impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144565. [PMID: 33736145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stressors are assessed through methods that quantify their impacts on a wide range of metrics including species density, growth rates, reproduction, behaviour and physiology, as on host-pathogen interactions and immunocompetence. Environmental stress may induce additional sublethal effects, like mutations and epigenetic signatures affecting offspring via germline mediated transgenerational inheritance, shaping phenotypic plasticity, increasing disease susceptibility, tissue pathologies, changes in social behaviour and biological invasions. The growing diversity of pollutants released into aquatic environments requires the development of a reliable, standardised and 3R (replacement, reduction and refinement of animals in research) compliant in vitro toolbox. The tools have to be in line with REACH regulation 1907/2006/EC, aiming to improve strategies for potential ecotoxicological risks assessment and monitoring of chemicals threatening human health and aquatic environments. Aquatic invertebrates' adult stem cells (ASCs) are numerous and can be pluripotent, as illustrated by high regeneration ability documented in many of these taxa. This is of further importance as in many aquatic invertebrate taxa, ASCs are able to differentiate into germ cells. Here we propose that ASCs from key aquatic invertebrates may be harnessed for applicable and standardised new tests in ecotoxicology. As part of this approach, a battery of modern techniques and endpoints are proposed to be tested for their ability to correctly identify environmental stresses posed by emerging contaminants in aquatic environments. Consequently, we briefly describe the current status of the available toxicity testing and biota-based monitoring strategies in aquatic environmental ecotoxicology and highlight some of the associated open issues such as replicability, consistency and reliability in the outcomes, for understanding and assessing the impacts of various chemicals on organisms and on the entire aquatic environment. Following this, we describe the benefits of aquatic invertebrate ASC-based tools for better addressing ecotoxicological questions, along with the current obstacles and possible overhaul approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Tel Shikmona, Haifa 3108001, Israel.
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stéphanie Barnay-Verdier
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS, INSERM, Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice, F-06107 Nice, France.
| | - Francesca Cima
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Ana Varela Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Isabelle Domart-Coulon
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Microorganism Communication and Adaptation Molecules MCAM, Paris F-75005, France.
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111,D, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Anne-Marie Genevière
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Organisms, BIOM, F-6650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France.
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111,D, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ewa Kotlarska
- Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Daniel Mark Lyons
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, G. Paliaga 5, HR-52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | - Tali Mass
- Marine Biology Department, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave, University of Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
| | - Guy Paz
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Tel Shikmona, Haifa 3108001, Israel.
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Lorena Perić
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquaculture Organisms, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Andreja Ramšak
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | | | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 8030, Tel Shikmona, Haifa 3108001, Israel.
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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9
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De-la-Torre GE, Dioses-Salinas DC, Pizarro-Ortega CI, Saldaña-Serrano M. Global distribution of two polystyrene-derived contaminants in the marine environment: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111729. [PMID: 33039793 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is one of the major issues impacting on the marine environment. Plastic polymers are known to leach industrial chemicals and associated contaminants. In this review, we focused on assessing the global distribution and concentration of two polystyrene-derived contaminants, hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) and styrene oligomers (SOs), in marine sediments and seawater. Overall, most of the studies were carried out in Asia, North America, and Europe. Relatively high concentrations of these contaminants are generally attributed to the proximity of urban cities, plastic industries, polystyrene pollution, and aquaculture. Moreover, the concentrations in sediments are many times higher than in seawater. HBCDs were found to be a negligible risk to marine biota when compared to the ecotoxicological endpoints. However, realistic concentrations of SOs could compromise the wellbeing of certain species in highly polluted sites. The future perspectives and research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miguel Saldaña-Serrano
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Av. La Fontana 501, Lima 12, Peru; Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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10
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Painefilú JC, Bianchi VA, Krock B, De Anna JS, Kristoff G, Luquet CM. Effects of paralytic shellfish toxins on the middle intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss: Glutathione metabolism, oxidative status, lysosomal function and ATP-binding cassette class C (ABCC) proteins activity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111069. [PMID: 32758696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the absorption, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress markers of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) from three extracts from Alexandrium catenella and A. ostenfeldii, in middle Oncorhynchus mykiss intestine in vitro and ex vivo preparations. We measured glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione-S transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity, and lipid peroxidation in isolated epithelium exposed to 0.13 and 1.3 μM PST. ROS production and lysosomal membrane stability (as neutral red retention time 50%, NRRT50) were analyzed in isolated enterocytes exposed to PST alone or plus 3 μM of the ABCC transport inhibitor MK571. In addition, the concentration-dependent effects of PST on NRRT50 were assayed in a concentration range from 0 to 1.3 μM PST. We studied the effects of three different PST extracts on the transport rate of the ABCC substrate DNP-SG by isolated epithelium. The extract with highest inhibition capacity was selected for studying polarized DNP-SG transport in everted and non-everted intestinal segments. We registered lower GSH content and GST activity, and higher GR activity, with no significant changes in CAT activity, lipid peroxidation or ROS level. PST exposure decreased NRRT50 in a concentration-depend manner (IC50 = 0.0045 μM), but PST effects were not augmented by addition of MK571. All the three PST extracts inhibited ABCC transport activity, but this inhibition was effective only when the toxins were applied to the apical side of the intestine and DNP-SG transport was measured at the basolateral side. Our results indicate that PST are absorbed by the enterocytes from the intestine lumen. Inside the enterocytes, these toxins decrease GSH content and inhibit the basolateral ABCC transporters affecting the normal functions of the cell. Furthermore, PST produce a strong cytotoxic effect to the enterocytes by damaging the lysosomal membrane, even at low, non-neurotoxic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Painefilú
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), ruta provincial 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Virginia A Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), ruta provincial 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Bernd Krock
- Ökologische Chemie, Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Julieta S De Anna
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), ruta provincial 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Gisela Kristoff
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática Invertebrados Nativos, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes, 2160, CABA, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes, 2160, CABA, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Subsede INIBIOMA-CEAN (CONICET-UNCo), ruta provincial 61, km 3, CCP 7, Junín de los Andes, 8371, Neuquén, Argentina.
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11
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McCormick MI, Chivers DP, Ferrari MCO, Blandford MI, Nanninga GB, Richardson C, Fakan EP, Vamvounis G, Gulizia AM, Allan BJM. Microplastic exposure interacts with habitat degradation to affect behaviour and survival of juvenile fish in the field. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201947. [PMID: 33109008 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are degrading globally due to increased environmental stressors including warming and elevated levels of pollutants. These stressors affect not only habitat-forming organisms, such as corals, but they may also directly affect the organisms that inhabit these ecosystems. Here, we explore how the dual threat of habitat degradation and microplastic exposure may affect the behaviour and survival of coral reef fish in the field. Fish were caught prior to settlement and pulse-fed polystyrene microplastics six times over 4 days, then placed in the field on live or dead-degraded coral patches. Exposure to microplastics or dead coral led fish to be bolder, more active and stray further from shelter compared to control fish. Effect sizes indicated that plastic exposure had a greater effect on behaviour than degraded habitat, and we found no evidence of synergistic effects. This pattern was also displayed in their survival in the field. Our results highlight that attaining low concentrations of microplastic in the environment will be a useful management strategy, since minimizing microplastic intake by fishes may work concurrently with reef restoration strategies to enhance the resilience of coral reef populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I McCormick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK S7 W 5B4, Canada
| | - Makeely I Blandford
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Gerrit B Nanninga
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Celia Richardson
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Eric P Fakan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Sciences and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Alexandra M Gulizia
- College of Sciences and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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12
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Ehiguese FO, Alam MR, Pintado-Herrera MG, Araújo CVM, Martin-Diaz ML. Potential of environmental concentrations of the musks galaxolide and tonalide to induce oxidative stress and genotoxicity in the marine environment. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 160:105019. [PMID: 32907733 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic musk compounds have been identified in environmental matrices (water, sediment and air) and in biological tissues in the last decade, yet only minimal attention has been paid to their chronic toxicity in the marine environment. In the present research, the clams Ruditapes philippinarum were exposed to 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L of the fragrances Galaxolide® (HHCB) and Tonalide® (AHTN) for 21 days. A battery of biomarkers related with xenobiotics biotransformation (EROD and GST), oxidative stress (GPx, GR and LPO) and genotoxicity (DNA damage) were measured in digestive gland tissues. HHCB and AHTN significantly (p < 0.05) induced EROD and GST enzymatic activities at environmental concentrations. Both fragrances also induced GPx activity. All concentrations of both compounds induced an increase of LPO and DNA damage on day 21. Although these substances have been reported as not acutely toxic, this study shows that they might induce oxidative stress and genotoxicity in marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friday O Ehiguese
- Chemical Physics Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cádiz, República Saharaui s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Md Rushna Alam
- Chemical Physics Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cádiz, República Saharaui s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Marina G Pintado-Herrera
- Chemical Physics Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cádiz, República Saharaui s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristiano V M Araújo
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M Laura Martin-Diaz
- Chemical Physics Department, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cádiz, República Saharaui s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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13
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Mueller MT, Fueser H, Trac LN, Mayer P, Traunspurger W, Höss S. Surface-Related Toxicity of Polystyrene Beads to Nematodes and the Role of Food Availability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1790-1798. [PMID: 31934751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics released into freshwaters from anthropogenic sources settle in the sediments, where they may pose an environmental threat to benthic organisms. However, few studies have considered the ecotoxicological hazard of microplastic particles for nematodes, one of the most abundant taxa of the benthic meiofauna. This study investigated the toxic effects of polystyrene (PS) beads (0.1-10.0 μm) and the underlying mechanisms thereof on the reproduction of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The observed effect of the PS beads on the nematodes correlated well with the total surface area of the beads per volume, with a 50% inhibition of reproduction at 55.4 ± 12.9 cm2/mL, independent of the bead size. The adverse effects were not explained by styrene monomers leaching from the beads because chemical activities of styrene in PS suspensions were well below the toxic levels. However, the observed effects could be related to the bead material because the same-sized silica (SiO2) beads had considerably less impact, probably due to their higher specific density. PS and SiO2 beads affected the food availability of C. elegans, with greater effects by the PS beads. Our results demonstrate the importance of including indirect food web effects in studies of the ecological risks posed by microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theres Mueller
- Bielefeld University , Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Hendrik Fueser
- Bielefeld University , Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Lam Ngoc Trac
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Walter Traunspurger
- Bielefeld University , Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Sebastian Höss
- Bielefeld University , Animal Ecology, Konsequenz 45 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
- Ecossa , Giselastr. 6 , 82319 Starnberg , Germany
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14
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Ding J, Chen S, Qu M, Wang Y, Di Y. Trophic transfer affects cytogenetic and antioxidant responses of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to copper and benzo(α)pyrene. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 154:104848. [PMID: 32056703 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of environmental pollutants on marine organisms can be determined by the routes of exposure. Various routes of exposure, including dietary exposure and waterborne exposure with or without feeding, were applied to study the cytogenetic responses in marine mussels Mytilus galloprovincials to typical pollutants, BaP (53.74 ± 19.79 μg/L) and Cu (47.38 ± 3.10 μg/L). The increased DNA strand breaks and micronucleus formation were found in haemocytes of mussels via the dietary exposure, indicating the vital role of trophic transfer in toxicity induction. The deeper exploration to relate BaP induced cytogenetic alterations with key antioxidant defense factors, SOD and GST, was performed under different exposure routes. The results revealed the significantly inhibited SOD activity via the trophic transfer, suggesting more direct or prompt role of SOD in antioxidant defense. On contrary, gene expressions of both sod and gst were up-regulated upon all routes of exposures, and showed negative correlation with enzyme activities. The results suggested the asynchronous regulation of studied antioxidant factors at transcriptional and enzyme functional level in mussels upon the change of exposure routes. The study brings out the first observation of trophic transfer influenced cytogenetic and antioxidant responses to pollutants and their alterative risk to marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ding
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, PR China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, PR China
| | - Mengjie Qu
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, PR China
| | - Yanan Di
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, PR China.
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15
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Leads RR, Burnett KG, Weinstein JE. The Effect of Microplastic Ingestion on Survival of the Grass Shrimp Palaemonetes pugio (Holthuis, 1949) Challenged with Vibrio campbellii. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2233-2242. [PMID: 31343768 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent research indicates that microplastic (<5 mm) ingestion may impact the immune function of marine and aquatic organisms at the tissue and cellular levels; however, their susceptibility to disease following exposure has not been directly investigated. The objective of the present study was to directly evaluate the impact of microplastic ingestion on the susceptibility of the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio to bacterial infection with Vibrio campbellii. Grass shrimp were exposed to one of several particle treatments (natural sediment, polyethylene spheres, polypropylene fragments, tire fragments, and polyester fibers) or particle-free water for 96 h at a nominal concentration of 50 000 particles/L prior to a bacterial challenge with V. campbellii. No significant mortality was observed among any of the particle types during the 96-h particle exposure. The survival of grass shrimp following V. campbellii challenge did not vary significantly among shrimp exposed to particle-free water, sediment, polyethylene spheres, polypropylene fragments, tire fragments, and polyester fibers. Grass shrimp cleared the majority of ingested particles and all the ventilated particles within 48 h. The present study shows that microplastic ingestion did not alter the susceptibility of grass shrimp to bacterial infection, and also provides depuration rates for a variety of microplastic shapes and polymer types that were previously lacking. This information increases our understanding of the size- and shape-dependent effects of microplastic ingestion. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2233-2242. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Leads
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Karen G Burnett
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - John E Weinstein
- Department of Biology, The Citadel, Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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16
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Bolognesi C, Cirillo S, Chipman JK. Comet assay in ecogenotoxicology: Applications in Mytilus sp. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:50-59. [PMID: 31255226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay is a sensitive technique to detect DNA damage caused by exposure to genotoxic chemical and physical agents and is widely used in ecotoxicology. The assay has been applied in aquatic species, mainly fish and bivalves, in field biomonitoring programs and in experimental studies. The aim of the present study was to retrieve and review the published evidence to define the role of the comet assay in the assessment of genotoxic pollutants. The study focused on the application of the test in Mytilus sp, used as a sentinel organism. Twenty-one biomonitoring studies, carried out in wild and in transplanted mussels, were evaluated. An increase of the comet parameters in animals from polluted areas with respect to the controls was observed in the majority of the studies with a large variability (frequency ratio:1.2-14.5) associated with types and extent of exposure to pollutants. Three studies out of 21 reported a lack of response. Heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and pesticides were the main types of chemicals detected in sediments and/or mussel tissues from polluted areas. Twenty-nine laboratory studies were retrieved showing the sensitivity of the comet assay in detecting DNA damage in mussels exposed to the most relevant pollutants and mixtures of relevant contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals, anti-fouling agents or crude oil. The comet test also appeared to be a suitable approach to detect the genotoxic effects of nanoparticles. In some studies problems in the interpretation of data or discrepancies between the results from different laboratories were noted. Critical steps in experimental protocol and characterization of pollution, environmental variables such as temperature, salinity, food availability, physiological and pathological status of the animals are important factors which should be controlled and considered in the analysis of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Cirillo
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
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17
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Gajski G, Žegura B, Ladeira C, Novak M, Sramkova M, Pourrut B, Del Bo' C, Milić M, Gutzkow KB, Costa S, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, Collins A. The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales - (Part 2 Vertebrates). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:130-164. [PMID: 31416573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay has become one of the methods of choice for the evaluation and measurement of DNA damage. It is sensitive, quick to perform and relatively affordable for the evaluation of DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The comet assay can be applied to virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues. Even though the comet assay is predominantly used on human cells, the application of the assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in yeast, plant and animal cells is also quite high, especially in terms of biomonitoring. The present extensive overview on the usage of the comet assay in animal models will cover both terrestrial and water environments. The first part of the review was focused on studies describing the comet assay applied in invertebrates. The second part of the review, (Part 2) will discuss the application of the comet assay in vertebrates covering cyclostomata, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, in addition to chordates that are regarded as a transitional form towards vertebrates. Besides numerous vertebrate species, the assay is also performed on a range of cells, which includes blood, liver, kidney, brain, gill, bone marrow and sperm cells. These cells are readily used for the evaluation of a wide spectrum of genotoxic agents both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of vertebrate models and their role in environmental biomonitoring will also be discussed as well as the comparison of the use of the comet assay in vertebrate and human models in line with ethical principles. Although the comet assay in vertebrates is most commonly used in laboratory animals such as mice, rats and lately zebrafish, this paper will only briefly review its use regarding laboratory animal models and rather give special emphasis to the increasing usage of the assay in domestic and wildlife animals as well as in various ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e Estudos em Saúde de Publica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Sramkova
- Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- DeFENS-Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Strubbia S, Lyons BP, Lee RJ. Spatial and temporal variation of three biomarkers in Mytilus edulis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:322-327. [PMID: 30660280 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions and xenobiotic exposure can be sources of stress to living organisms. Biological markers are measurable indicator of changes which may happen at any biological level and which can be considered an early warning signal of some biological or environmental state or condition. A structured field study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between three biomarker assays and the spatial and temporal variation of each biomarker in samples of Mytilus edulis. The three biomarkers were the neutral red retention assay, micronucleus assay and comet assay, which indicate damage at different cellular/molecular levels. Three sites in Poole Harbour, an area on the South coast of the UK were sampled on six separate occasions at least three weeks apart. The results for the comet assay showed a significant difference between sites and between sampling dates whereas the results for the other two assays did not show a significant difference for either factor. There was no significant correlation between the results of any pair of the three biomarkers. The results of the micronucleus assay showed a significant correlation with water temperature. This temperature effect, as well as induced repair, may contribute to explain the lack of a strict correspondence between pollution gradients and biomarkers responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strubbia
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche (IZSUM), Italy.
| | - B P Lyons
- Cefas, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - R J Lee
- Cefas, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
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19
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Wathsala RHGR, Franzellitti S, Scaglione M, Fabbri E. Styrene impairs normal embryo development in the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 201:58-65. [PMID: 29870829 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study analysed the effects of styrene, a main monomer in plastic manufacturing and acknowledged to be amongst the most common plastic leachates, on early embryo development of the Mediterranean mussel. Embryotoxicity tests showed that styrene impaired normal embryo development at concentrations (0.01 μg/L-1 mg/L) encompassing the environmental range. Occurrence of normal D-veligers was significantly reduced up to 40% of the total, and larval size was reduced of about 20%. D-veligers grown in the presence of styrene (0.1 and 10 μg/L) showed significant reduction of total Multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) efflux activity that was not apparently related to transcriptional expression of genes encoding P-glycoprotein (ABCB) and Mrp (ABCC), the two main ABC transporters of embryonal MXR system. Indeed, ABCB transcription was not affected by styrene, while ABCC was up-regulated. At these same concentrations, transcriptional profiles of 15 genes underlying key biological functions in embryo development and potential targets of adverse effects of styrene were analysed. Main transcriptional effects were observed for genes involved in shell biogenesis and lysosomal responses (down-regulation), and in neuroendocrine signaling and immune responses (up-regulation). On the whole, results indicate that styrene may affect mussel early development through dysregulation of gene transcription and suggest the possible conservation of styrene mode of action across bivalve life cycle and between bivalves and humans, as well as through unpredicted impacts on protective systems and on shell biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajapaksha Haddokara Gedara Rasika Wathsala
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Morena Scaglione
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
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Lo HKA, Chan KYK. Negative effects of microplastic exposure on growth and development of Crepidula onyx. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:588-595. [PMID: 29107898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics exposure could be detrimental to marine organisms especially under high concentrations. However, few studies have considered the multiphasic nature of marine invertebrates' life history and investigated the impact of experiencing microplastics during early development on post-metamorphic stages (legacy effect). Many planktonic larvae can feed selectively and it is unclear whether such selectivity could modulate the impact of algal food-sized microplastic. In this two-stage experiment, veligers of Crepidula onyx were first exposed to additions of algae-sized micro-polystyrene (micro-PS) beads at different concentrations, including ones that were comparable their algal diet. These additions were then either halted or continued after settlement. At environmentally relevant concentration (ten 2-μm microplastic beads ml-1), larval and juvenile C. onyx was not affected. At higher concentrations, these micro-PS fed larvae consumed a similar amount of algae compared to those in control but grew relatively slower than those in the control suggesting that ingestion and/or removal of microplastic was/were energetically costly. These larvae also settled earlier at a smaller size compared to the control, which could negatively affect post-settlement success. Juvenile C. onyx receiving continuous micro-PS addition had slower growth rates. Individuals only exposed to micro-PS during their larval stage continued to have slower growth rates than those in the control even if micro-PS had been absent in their surroundings for 65 days highlighting a legacy effect of microplastic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau Kwan Abby Lo
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Kit Yu Karen Chan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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Sahlmann A, Wolf R, Holth TF, Titelman J, Hylland K. Baseline and oxidative DNA damage in marine invertebrates. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 80:807-819. [PMID: 28837417 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1352179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollutants produce oxidative stress in marine organisms, directly or following generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially resulting in increased accumulation of DNA strand breaks quantified. The aim of this study is to quantify baseline levels of DNA strand breaks in marine species from four phyla and to assess relative sensitivity to oxidative stress as well as ability to recover. DNA strand breaks were determined using a formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-amended comet assay in circulating cells from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), shore crab (Carcinus maenas), sea star (Asterias rubens), and vase tunicate (Ciona intestinalis). Lymphocytes from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were used as a reference. In addition to immediate analysis, cells from all species were exposed ex vivo to two concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 25 or 250 μM prior to assay. Mean baseline DNA strand breaks were highest for cells from sea star (34%) followed by crab (25%), mussel (22%), tunicate (17%), and cod (14%). Circulating cells from invertebrates were markedly more sensitive to oxidative stress compared to cod lymphocytes. DNA strand breaks exceeded 80% for sea star, crab, and mussel cells following exposure to the lowest H2O2 concentration. There was no recovery for cells from any species following 1 hr in buffer. This study provides an in-depth analysis of DNA integrity for ecologically important species representing 4 phyla. Data indicate that circulating cells from invertebrates are more sensitive to oxidative stress than cells from fish as evidenced by DNA strand breaks. Future studies need to address the extent to which DNA strand breaks may exert consequences for body maintenance costs in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sahlmann
- a Department of Biosciences , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Raoul Wolf
- a Department of Biosciences , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Tor Fredrik Holth
- a Department of Biosciences , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
- b Fylkesmannen i Vestfold, Tønsberg , Norway
| | - Josefin Titelman
- a Department of Biosciences , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ketil Hylland
- a Department of Biosciences , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Cunha I, Torres T, Oliveira H, Martins R, McGowan T, Sheahan D, Santos MM. Using early life stages of marine animals to screen the toxicity of priority hazardous and noxious substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:10510-10518. [PMID: 28281073 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study provides toxicity values for early life stages (ELS) of two phylogenetically distinct marine animal taxa, the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus), a deuterostome invertebrate, and the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a vertebrate (teleost), when challenged by six hazardous and noxious substances (HNS): aniline, butyl acrylate, m-cresol, cyclohexylbenzene, hexane and trichloroethylene. The aim of the study was to provide preliminary information on toxic effects of representative and relevant priority HNS to assess the risk posed by spills to marine habitats and therefore improve preparedness and the response at the operational level. Selection criteria to include each compound in the study were (1) inclusion in the HASREP (2005) list; (2) presence on the priority list established by Neuparth et al. (2011); (3) paucity of toxicological data (TOXnet and ECOTOX) for marine organisms; (4) behaviour in the water according to the categories defined by the European Behaviour classification system (GESAMP 2002), by selecting compounds with different behaviours in water; and (5) physicochemical and toxicological properties, where available, in order to anticipate the most toxic compounds. Aniline and m-cresol were the most toxic compounds with no observed apical effect concentration (NOAEC) values for sea urchin ranging between 0.01 and 0.1 mg/L, followed by butyl acrylate and cyclohexylbenzene with NOAECs ranging between 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L and trichloroethylene with NOAEC values that were in the range between 1 and 10 mg/L, reflecting their behaviour in water, mostly vapour pressure, but also solubility and log Kow. Hexane was toxic only for turbot embryos, due to its neurotoxic effects, and not for sea urchin larvae, at concentrations in the range between 1 and 10 mg/L. The concentrations tested were of the same order of magnitude for both species, and it was observed that sea urchin embryos (length of the longest arm) are more sensitive than turbot eggs larvae (hatching and cumulative mortality rates) to the HNS tested (except hexane). For this specific compound, concentrations up to 70 mg/L were tested in sea urchin larvae and no effects were observed on the length of the larvae. Both tests were found to be complementary depending on behaviour in water and toxicity target of the compounds analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cunha
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMAR/CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Torres
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMAR/CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMAR/CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosário Martins
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMAR/CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
- Health and Environmental Research Center (CISA), Superior School of Health Technology of Porto, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Thomas McGowan
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, UK
| | - David Sheahan
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Miguel Machado Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIMAR/CIIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Hylland K, Skei BB, Brunborg G, Lang T, Gubbins MJ, le Goff J, Burgeot T. DNA damage in dab (Limanda limanda) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) from European seas. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 124:54-60. [PMID: 26806613 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dab (Limanda limanda) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) were collected from coastal and offshore locations in the Baltic (dab only), North Sea (haddock from one location only) and Iceland. Blood was analysed for DNA strand breaks using the comet assay and liver samples for DNA adduct concentrations. DNA strand breaks were at background levels in dab from the two Iceland locations and from the Dogger Bank. The highest levels were observed in dab from the Firth of Forth, Ekofisk and the German Bight. Hepatic DNA adducts in dab were highest at Ekofisk, in the Baltic and Dogger Bank, below detection limit in dab from Iceland and low in dab from the Firth of Forth and German Bight. There was large variation in DNA strand breaks between locations and individuals for haddock, particularly from Iceland. Adduct concentrations were elevated in haddock from both Iceland and the Firth of Forth. A general linear model (GLM) suggested that, in addition to location, the size of dab and its general condition contributed to explaining the observed variability in DNA strand breaks. A GLM for adducts in dab similarly allocated most of the variability to location, but with a possible contribution from CYP1A activity. There were no apparent differences between male and female dab for any of the methods. There was no obvious relationship between strand breaks and adducts in the same fish although dab from Ekofisk and Iceland had respectively high and low responses using both methods. The results from this large-scale study showed pollution-related genotoxicity for dab, that fish blood samples can be conserved prior to comet analyses and that there are clear species differences in genotoxic responses even when collected at the same location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketil Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Borge Skei
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- National Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Lang
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Deichstr. 12, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - Matthew J Gubbins
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Jérémie le Goff
- Adn'Tox, GRECAN, Centre François Baclesse, Avenue du Général Harris, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Thierry Burgeot
- IFREMER, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu. B.P. 21105, 44311 Nantes Cédex 03, France
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24
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Diaz de Cerio O, Bilbao E, Ruiz P, Pardo BG, Martínez P, Cajaraville MP, Cancio I. Hepatic gene transcription profiles in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) experimentally exposed to heavy fuel oil nº 6 and to styrene. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 123:14-24. [PMID: 27846414 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oil and chemical spills in the marine environment, although sporadic, are highly dangerous to biota inhabiting coastal and estuarine areas. Effects of spilled compounds in exposed organisms occur at different biological organization levels: from molecular, cellular or tissue levels to the physiological one. The present study aims to determine the specific hepatic gene transcription profiles observed in turbot juveniles under exposure to fuel oil n °6 and styrene vs controls using an immune enriched turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) oligo-microarray containing 2716 specific gene probes. After 3 days of exposure, fuel oil specifically induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated transcriptional response through up-regulation of genes, such as ahrr and cyp1a1. More gene transcripts were regulated after 14 days of exposure involved in ribosomal biosynthesis, immune modulation, and oxidative response among the most significantly regulated functional pathways. On the contrary, gene transcription alterations caused by styrene did not highlight any significantly regulated molecular or metabolic pathway. This was also previously reported at cell and tissue level where no apparent responses were distinguishable. For the fuel oil experiment, obtained specific gene profiles could be related to changes in cell-tissue organization in the same individuals, such as increased hepatocyte vacuolization, decrease in melano-macrophage centers and the regulation of leukocyte numbers. In conclusion, the mode of action reflected by gene transcription profiles analyzed hereby in turbot livers could be linked with the responses previously reported at higher biological organization levels. Molecular alterations described hereby could be preceding observed alterations at cell and tissue levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Diaz de Cerio
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Fac. Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, PO Box 644, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eider Bilbao
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Fac. Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, PO Box 644, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Pamela Ruiz
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Fac. Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, PO Box 644, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Belén G Pardo
- Departamento de Xenética, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain
| | - Paulino Martínez
- Departamento de Xenética, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Fac. Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, PO Box 644, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ibon Cancio
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Fac. Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, PO Box 644, Basque Country, Spain.
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25
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Paul-Pont I, Lacroix C, González Fernández C, Hégaret H, Lambert C, Le Goïc N, Frère L, Cassone AL, Sussarellu R, Fabioux C, Guyomarch J, Albentosa M, Huvet A, Soudant P. Exposure of marine mussels Mytilus spp. to polystyrene microplastics: Toxicity and influence on fluoranthene bioaccumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:724-737. [PMID: 27372385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of polystyrene microbeads (micro-PS; mix of 2 and 6 μm; final concentration: 32 μg L(-1)) alone or in combination with fluoranthene (30 μg L(-1)) on marine mussels Mytilus spp. were investigated after 7 days of exposure and 7 days of depuration under controlled laboratory conditions. Overall, fluoranthene was mostly associated to algae Chaetoceros muelleri (partition coefficient Log Kp = 4.8) used as a food source for mussels during the experiment. When micro-PS were added in the system, a fraction of FLU transferred from the algae to the microbeads as suggested by the higher partition coefficient of micro-PS (Log Kp = 6.6), which confirmed a high affinity of fluoranthene for polystyrene microparticles. However, this did not lead to a modification of fluoranthene bioaccumulation in exposed individuals, suggesting that micro-PS had a minor role in transferring fluoranthene to mussels tissues in comparison with waterborne and foodborne exposures. After depuration, a higher fluoranthene concentration was detected in mussels exposed to micro-PS and fluoranthene, as compared to mussels exposed to fluoranthene alone. This may be related to direct effect of micro-PS on detoxification mechanisms, as suggested by a down regulation of a P-glycoprotein involved in pollutant excretion, but other factors such as an impairment of the filtration activity or presence of remaining beads in the gut cannot be excluded. Micro-PS alone led to an increase in hemocyte mortality and triggered substantial modulation of cellular oxidative balance: increase in reactive oxygen species production in hemocytes and enhancement of anti-oxidant and glutathione-related enzymes in mussel tissues. Highest histopathological damages and levels of anti-oxidant markers were observed in mussels exposed to micro-PS together with fluoranthene. Overall these results suggest that under the experimental conditions of our study micro-PS led to direct toxic effects at tissue, cellular and molecular levels, and modulated fluoranthene kinetics and toxicity in marine mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ika Paul-Pont
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Camille Lacroix
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France; CEDRE, 715 rue Alain Colas, 29218 BREST Cedex 2, France
| | - Carmen González Fernández
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Varadero 1, E-30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Laura Frère
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Anne-Laure Cassone
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Caroline Fabioux
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Marina Albentosa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Varadero 1, E-30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer), Centre Bretagne - ZI de la Pointe du Diable - CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
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26
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Edge KJ, Johnston EL, Dafforn KA, Simpson SL, Kutti T, Bannister RJ. Sub-lethal effects of water-based drilling muds on the deep-water sponge Geodia barretti. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:525-534. [PMID: 26970856 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Offshore oil and gas activities can result in the discharge of large amounts of drilling muds. While these materials have generally been regarded as non-toxic to marine organisms, recent studies have demonstrated negative impacts to suspension feeding organisms. We exposed the arctic-boreal sponge Geodia barretti to the primary particulate components of two water-based drilling muds; barite and bentonite. Sponges were exposed to barite, bentonite and a natural reference sediment at a range of total suspended solid concentrations (TSS = 0, 10, 50 or 100 mg/L) for 12 h after which we measured a suite of biomarker responses (lysosomal membrane stability, lipid peroxidation and glutathione). In addition, we compared biomarker responses, organic energy content and metal accumulation in sponges, which had been continuously or intermittently exposed to suspended barite and natural sediment for 14 d at relevant concentrations (10 and 30 mg TSS/L). Lysosomal membrane stability was reduced in the sponges exposed to barite at 50 and 100 mg TSS/L after just 12 h and at 30 mg TSS/L for both continuous and intermittent exposures over 14 d. Evidence of compromised cellular viability was accompanied by barite analysis revealing concentrations of Cu and Pb well above reference sediments and Norwegian sediment quality guidelines. Metal bioaccumulation in sponge tissues was low and the total organic energy content (determined by the elemental composition of organic tissue) was not affected. Intermittent exposures to barite resulted in less toxicity than continuous exposure to barite. Short term exposures to bentonite did not alter any biomarker responses. This is the first time that these biomarkers have been used to indicate contaminant exposure in an arctic-boreal sponge. Our results illustrate the potential toxicity of barite and the importance of assessments that reflect the ways in which these contaminants are delivered under environmentally realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn J Edge
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Emma L Johnston
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Tina Kutti
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870, 5817 Bergen, Norway
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27
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Miller MA, Bankier C, Al-Shaeri MAM, Hartl MGJ. Neutral red cytotoxicity assays for assessing in vivo carbon nanotube ecotoxicity in mussels--Comparing microscope and microplate methods. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 101:903-907. [PMID: 26549297 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare two neutral red retention methods, the more established but very labour-intensive microscope method (NRR) against the more recently developed microplate method (NRU). The intention was to explore whether the sample volume throughput could be increased and potential operator bias avoided. Mussels Mytilus sp. were exposed in vivo to 50, 250 and 500 μg L(-1) single (SWCNTs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Using the NRR method, SWCNTs and MWCNTs caused concentration dependent decreases in neutral red retention time. However, a concentration dependent decrease in optical density was not observed using the NRU method. We conclude that the NRU method is not sensitive enough to assess carbon nanotube ecotoxicity in vivo in environmentally relevant media, and recommend using the NRR method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Miller
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - C Bankier
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - M A M Al-Shaeri
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; King Abdulaziz University, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M G J Hartl
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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Devos A, Dallas LJ, Voiseux C, Lecomte-Pradines C, Jha AN, Fiévet B. Assessment of growth, genotoxic responses and expression of stress related genes in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas following chronic exposure to ionizing radiation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:688-698. [PMID: 25843441 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms are exposed to low doses of anthropogenic contaminants during their entire life. Authorized amounts of radionuclides are discharged in the Channel by nuclear facilities. The Pacific oyster was used to investigate the potential impact of chronic exposure to ionizing radiation. Though we exposed larvae and spat for two weeks to much higher concentrations than those encountered near nuclear facilities, oyster growth and expression of 9 selected stress genes were not significantly changed. To determine potential DNA damage, 2year old oysters were exposed for two weeks to tritiated water. The comet assay was used to evaluate the level of DNA strand breaks in haemocytes, whilst the 'clearance rate' was used as a measure of physiological effects. Whilst other parameters did not alter, DNA damage significantly increased. Our results highlight the significance of the observed DNA damage and their potential consequences at higher levels of biological organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Devos
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PRP-ENV/SERIS/Laboratoire de Radioécologie de Cherbourg-Octeville, Rue Max Pol Fouchet, BP 10, 50130 Cherbourg Octeville, France
| | - Lorna J Dallas
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Voiseux
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PRP-ENV/SERIS/Laboratoire de Radioécologie de Cherbourg-Octeville, Rue Max Pol Fouchet, BP 10, 50130 Cherbourg Octeville, France
| | - Catherine Lecomte-Pradines
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PRP-ENV/SERIS/Laboratoire d'ECOtoxicologie des radionucléides, BP 3, 13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Fiévet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PRP-ENV/SERIS/Laboratoire de Radioécologie de Cherbourg-Octeville, Rue Max Pol Fouchet, BP 10, 50130 Cherbourg Octeville, France.
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Edge KJ, Dafforn KA, Simpson SL, Ringwood AH, Johnston EL. Resuspended contaminated sediments cause sublethal stress to oysters: A biomarker differentiates total suspended solids and contaminant effects. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1345-53. [PMID: 25677686 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Resuspended contaminated sediments represent an important route of contaminant exposure for aquatic organisms. During resuspension events, filter-feeding organisms are exposed to contaminants, in both the dissolved form (at the gills) and the particulate form (in the digestive system). In addition, these organisms must manage the physical stress associated with an increase in total suspended solids (TSS). To date, few studies have experimentally compared the contributions to biological stress of contaminated and clean suspended solids. The authors mixed field-collected sediments (<63 μm) from clean and contaminated field sites to create 4 treatments of increasing metal concentrations. Sydney rock oysters were then exposed to sediment treatments at different TSS concentrations for 4 d, and cellular biomarkers (lysosomal membrane stability, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione) were measured to evaluate sublethal toxicity. Lysosomal membrane stability was the most sensitive biomarker for distinguishing effects from resuspended contaminated sediments, as increasing amounts of contaminated TSS increased lysosomal membrane destabilization. The authors' results illustrate the importance of considering contaminant exposures from resuspended sediments when assessing the toxicity of contaminants to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn J Edge
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water, Kirrawee, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy H Ringwood
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emma L Johnston
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
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Parolini M, Magni S, Traversi I, Villa S, Finizio A, Binelli A. Environmentally relevant concentrations of galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) induced oxidative and genetic damage in Dreissena polymorpha. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 285:1-10. [PMID: 25462865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) are extensively used as fragrances in several personal care products and have been recognized as emerging aquatic pollutants. Among SMCs, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) are extensively used and have been measured in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. However, their potential risk to organisms remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 21-day exposures to HHCB and AHTN concentrations frequently measured in aquatic ecosystems can induce oxidative and genetic damage in Dreissena polymorpha. The lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) were measured as oxidative stress indexes, while the DNA precipitation assay and the micronucleus test (MN test) were applied to investigate genetic injuries. HHCB induced significant increases in LPO and PCC levels, while AHTN enhanced only protein carbonylation. Moreover, significant increases in DNA strand breaks were caused by exposure to the highest concentrations of HHCB and AHTN tested in the present study, but no fixed genetic damage was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Traversi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Villa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Finizio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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31
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Martins M, Costa PM. The comet assay in Environmental Risk Assessment of marine pollutants: applications, assets and handicaps of surveying genotoxicity in non-model organisms. Mutagenesis 2014; 30:89-106. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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32
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Ruiz P, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M, Orbea A, Vingen S, Hjelle A, Baussant T, Cajaraville MP. Short- and long-term responses and recovery of mussels Mytilus edulis exposed to heavy fuel oil no. 6 and styrene. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:861-879. [PMID: 24676935 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers have the potential to be used to assess the impact of anthropogenic discharges in marine waters. We have used a suite of biomarkers spanning from enzymatic to histopathological alterations and general stress responses to assess the short- and long-term impact on mussels Mytilus edulis of heavy fuel oil no. 6 and styrene. Mussels were exposed for 5 months, with a refilling of the exposure system, to a water soluble fraction of heavy fuel and, then, kept for a month in clean water for recovery. In a second experiment, mussels were exposed to styrene for 19 days and maintained in clean water for up to 4 months. Chemical body tissue levels reflected the weathering processes of these compounds. Acyl-CoA oxidase activity was induced in oil-exposed mussels after refilling, whereas styrene inhibited it after 19 days of exposure and after 2 weeks in clean water. Gamete development and alkali-labile phosphate levels suggest that neither oil nor styrene behaved as endocrine disruptors. Neutral red retention time was lower in treated groups than in controls. Lysosomal membrane stability was significantly reduced in exposed groups and recovered after withdrawal of oil but not after removal of styrene. Neither oil nor styrene exposure affected the condition index except for the reduction seen in mussels exposed to oil for 1 month. Biomarker response index discriminated exposed mussels, which showed higher values, and returned to control levels after recovery. Results obtained from these pilot experiments can help to identify relevant monitoring tools to assess the impact of oil and chemicals in marine spill scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Ruiz
- CBET Research Group, Department Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Science and Technology Faculty, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, 48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
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33
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Bianchi VA, Castro JM, Rocchetta I, Bieczynski F, Luquet CM. Health status and bioremediation capacity of wild freshwater mussels (Diplodon chilensis) exposed to sewage water pollution in a glacial Patagonian lake. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 37:268-277. [PMID: 24589503 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Deleterious effects on health and fitness are expected in mussels chronically exposed to sewage water pollution. Diplodon chilensis inhabiting SMA, an area affected by untreated and treated sewage water, shows increased hemocyte number and phagocytic activity, while bacteriolytic and phenoloxidase activities in plasma and reactive oxygen species production in hemocytes are lower compared to mussels from an unpolluted area (Yuco). There are not differences in cell viability, lysosomal membrane stability, lipid peroxidation and total oxygen scavenging capacity between SMA and Yuco mussels' hemocytes. Energetic reserves and digestive gland mass do not show differences between groups; although the condition factor is higher in SMA than in Yuco mussels. Gills of SMA mussels show an increase in mass and micronuclei frequency compared to those of Yuco. Mussels from both sites reduce bacterial loads in polluted water and sediments, improving their quality with similar feeding performance. These findings suggest that mussels exposed to sewage pollution modulate physiological responses by long-term exposure; although, gills are sensitive to these conditions and suffer chronic damage. Bioremediation potential found in D. chilensis widens the field of work for remediation of sewage bacterial pollution in water and sediments by filtering bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia A Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial 61, km 3, 8371 Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia, 1917 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan M Castro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial 61, km 3, 8371 Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia, 1917 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iara Rocchetta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia, 1917 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pab. II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Flavia Bieczynski
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial 61, km 3, 8371 Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Luquet
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo) - CEAN, ruta provincial 61, km 3, 8371 Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia, 1917 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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34
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Edge KJ, Dafforn KA, Simpson SL, Roach AC, Johnston EL. A biomarker of contaminant exposure is effective in large scale assessment of ten estuaries. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 100:16-26. [PMID: 24468111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effective and sensitive measures of anthropogenic stress are necessary tools in any environmental monitoring program. When implementing new monitoring tools in a region, rigorous laboratory and field studies are essential for characterizing the sensitivity and efficacy of the approach. We exposed the oyster Saccostrea glomerata to various individual contaminants through multiple exposure pathways (water- and food-borne) in the laboratory and measured two biomarker responses, lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). LMS was sensitive to both contaminant exposure pathways. We subsequently measured this biomarker in oysters which had been experimentally deployed at multiple sites in each of ten estuaries with varying levels of contamination associated with re-suspended sediments. There was a strong association between LMS and metal exposure, despite substantial natural variation in water quality parameters. Our results illustrate the potential use of LMS as a pragmatic indicator of biotic injury in environmental monitoring programs for re-suspended contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn J Edge
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Katherine A Dafforn
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Anthony C Roach
- Centre for Ecotoxicology, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box 29, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia
| | - Emma L Johnston
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Chowder Bay Rd, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia
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35
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D’Agata A, Cappello T, Maisano M, Parrino V, Giannetto A, Brundo MV, Ferrante M, Mauceri A. Cellular biomarkers in the musselMytilus galloprovincialis(Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from Lake Faro (Sicily, Italy). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2013.878400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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Parolini M, Binelli A. Oxidative and genetic responses induced by Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-9-THC) to Dreissena polymorpha. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 468-469:68-76. [PMID: 24008074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis is the most used illicit substance worldwide and its main psychoactive compound, the Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-9-THC), is detected in aquatic environments at measurable concentrations. Even though its occurrence is well documented, no information is available on its hazard to aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to assess the adverse effects induced to zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) specimens by 14 day exposures to environmentally relevant Δ-9-THC concentrations (0.05 μg/L and 0.5 μg/L) by means of the application of a biomarker suite. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, as well as the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl content (PCC), were measured as oxidative stress indices. The single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, the DNA diffusion assay and the micronucleus test (MN test) were applied to investigate DNA injuries, while the neutral red retention assay (NRRA) was used to assess Δ-9-THC cytotoxicity. The lowest treatment induced negligible adverse effects to bivalves, while 0.5 μg/L Δ-9-THC exposure caused remarkable alterations in D. polymorpha oxidative status, which lead to significant increase of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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37
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Parolini M, Binelli A. Adverse effects induced by ecgonine methyl ester to the zebra mussel: a comparison with the benzoylecgonine. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 182:371-378. [PMID: 23974167 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine and its metabolites are the prevalent psychotropic substances in aquatic environment. However, to date the knowledge on their adverse effects to non-target organisms is inadequate. The aims of this study were to investigate sub-lethal effects induced by the ecgonine methyl ester (EME) to the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha and to compare its toxicity to that by benzoylecgonine (BE), the other main cocaine metabolite. EME sub-lethal effects were investigated by 14 days in-vivo exposures and a multi-biomarker approach. Slight variations in biomarker responses were found at 0.15 μg/L treatment. 0.5 μg/L EME treatment induced destabilization of lysosome membranes, an overall inactivation of defense enzymes, increases in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and DNA fragmentation, but no variations in fixed genetic damage. The use of a biomarker response index (BRI) showed that at 0.5 μg/L both cocaine metabolites had the same toxicity to zebra mussels specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Lee KW, Shim WJ, Kwon OY, Kang JH. Size-dependent effects of micro polystyrene particles in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:11278-83. [PMID: 23988225 DOI: 10.1021/es401932b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of three sizes of polystyrene (PS) microbeads (0.05, 0.5, and 6-μm diameter) on the survival, development, and fecundity of the copepod Tigriopus japonicus using acute and chronic toxicity tests. T. japonicus ingested and egested all three sizes of PS beads used and exhibited no selective feeding when phytoplankton were added. The copepods (nauplius and adult females) survived all sizes of PS beads and the various concentrations tested in the acute toxicity test for 96 h. In the two-generation chronic toxicity test, 0.05-μm PS beads at a concentration greater than 12.5 μg/mL caused the mortality of nauplii and copepodites in the F0 generation and even triggered mortality at a concentration of 1.25 μg/mL in the next generation. In the 0.5-μm PS bead treatment, despite there being no significant effect on the F0 generation, the highest concentration (25 μg/mL) induced a significant decrease in survival compared with the control population in the F1 generation. The 6-μm PS beads did not affect the survival of T. japonicus over two generations. The 0.5- and 6-μm PS beads caused a significant decrease in fecundity at all concentrations. These results suggest that microplastics such as micro- or nanosized PS beads may have negative impacts on marine copepods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyun-Woo Lee
- South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , 391 Jangmok-myon, Geoje-shi, 656-834, South Korea
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Diaz de Cerio O, Hands E, Humble J, Cajaraville MP, Craft JA, Cancio I. Construction and characterization of a forward subtracted library of blue mussels Mytilus edulis for the identification of gene transcription signatures and biomarkers of styrene exposure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 71:230-239. [PMID: 23623663 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional profiling can elucidate adaptive/toxicity pathways participating in achieving homeostasis or leading to pathogenesis in marine biota exposed to chemical substances. With the aim of analyzing transcriptional responses in the mussel Mytilus edulis exposed to the corrosive and putatively carcinogenic hydrocarbon styrene (3-5 ppm, 3days), a forward subtracted (SSH) cDNA library was produced. Female mussels were selected and digestive gland mRNA was isolated. A library with 1440 clones was produced and a total of 287 clones were sequenced, 53% being identified through BlastN analysis against Mytibase and DeepSeaVent databases. Those genes included GO terms such as 'response to drugs', 'immune defense' and 'cell proliferation'. Furthermore, sequences related to chitin and beta-1-3-glucan metabolism were also up-regulated by styrene. Many of the obtained sequences could not be annotated constituting new mussel sequences. In conclusion, this SSH study reveals novel sequences useful to generate molecular biomarkers of styrene exposure in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Diaz de Cerio
- CBET Res. Ctr. Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology of Plentzia (PIE-UPV/EHU) & Zoology & Cell Biology Dept. (Science and Technology Fac.), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
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40
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Bado-Nilles A, Betoulle S, Geffard A, Porcher JM, Gagnaire B, Sanchez W. Flow cytometry detection of lysosomal presence and lysosomal membrane integrity in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) immune cells: applications in environmental aquatic immunotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2692-2704. [PMID: 23288672 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The neutral red retention assay has been proposed to determine the lysosomal membrane stability in immune cells. Nevertheless, this assay implies many examinations under a microscope at short time intervals and therefore the analysis of few samples. The present study proposes two more rapid, efficient, and sensitive sample analyses using flow cytometry method. Lysosomal presence and lysosomal membrane integrity (LMI) were evaluated on the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.), a well-described model fish species for aquatic ecotoxicology studies. After development of the two biomarkers, they were validated by ex vivo contamination with endosulfan and copper and by in situ sampling. These immunomarkers were clearly modulated by pollutants and their variations seemed to be correlated with leucocyte mortality. Thus, from a practical point of view, lysosomal presence and LMI may provide novel and efficient means of evaluating immune capacities and indicating the toxic effects of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bado-Nilles
- Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA Unité Interactions Animal-Environnement, Moulin de Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, France.
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Parolini M, Pedriali A, Riva C, Binelli A. Sub-lethal effects caused by the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine to the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 444:43-50. [PMID: 23266551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Illicit drugs have been recognized as emerging environmental pollutants that could represent a potential risk for aquatic communities. Even if many studies have shown the occurrence of several drugs of abuse and their metabolites in freshwaters in the High ng/L to Low μg/L range worldwide, no information on their potentially harmful effects on non-target organisms is available. The aim of this study was to investigate sub-lethal effects induced by the main metabolite of cocaine, the benzoylecgonine (BE), on the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha. Mussels were exposed under semi-static conditions for 14 days to two environmentally relevant BE concentrations (0.5 μg/L and 1 μg/L) and induced adverse effects were evaluated through the application of a suite of ten different biomarkers. We applied on bivalve hemocytes the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, the DNA diffusion assay and the micronucleus test (MN test) to investigate DNA injuries, while the neutral red retention assay (NRRA) was used to assess BE cytotoxicity. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, as well as the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl content (PCC), were measured as oxidative stress indices in zebra mussel homogenates. Significant decrease in lysosomal membrane stability and imbalances of defense enzyme activities were found at both exposure concentrations, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in BE toxicity. Significant increases in LPO and PCC, as well as in primary (DNA strand breaks) and fixed DNA damage (apoptotic and micronucleated cell frequency), were found at the highest BE treatment, confirming that adverse effects to macromolecules were due to the increase of BE-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Singh R, Hartl MGJ. Fluctuating estuarine conditions are not confounding factors for the Comet assay assessment of DNA damage in the mussel Mytilus edulis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:1998-2003. [PMID: 22661316 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Comet assay is finding increasing application as a biomarker assay for the genotoxic potential of contaminants in field transplantation experiments involving mussels. Especially in estuaries, habitats that are of particular concern, environmental variables, such as salinity, can vary significantly. Although hinted at in the literature, there is a lack of clarification as to whether changes in salinity or emersion-induced hypoxia have the potential to alter background DNA damage in mussels, thus masking the extent of potential genotoxic effects following exposure to environmental contaminants. The present study exposed Mytilus edulis in the laboratory to static salinities (25, 50, 75, and 100 %) for 72 h. Mussels were also subjected to simulated tidal cycles, including periods of emersion, for 72 h. None of these treatments resulted in a significant change in the level of DNA damage expressed as % tail DNA. These experiments demonstrate that salinity, within the limits of the concentrations tested, and temporary emersion are not confounding factors for Comet assay data derived from M. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupika Singh
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
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Osman AG, Abuel-Fadl KY, Kloas W. In situ evaluation of the genotoxic potential of the river Nile: II. Detection of DNA strand-breakage and apoptosis in Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 747:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ruiz P, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M, Orbea A, Theron M, Le Floch S, Cajaraville MP. Responses of conventional and molecular biomarkers in turbot Scophthalmus maximus exposed to heavy fuel oil no. 6 and styrene. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 116-117:116-128. [PMID: 22483509 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Several accidental spills in European coastal areas have resulted in the release of different toxic compounds into the marine environment, such as heavy fuel oil type no. 6 in the "Erika" and "Prestige" oil spills and the highly toxic styrene after the loss of the "Ievoli Sun". There is a clear need to develop tools that might allow assessing the biological impact of these accidental spills on aquatic organisms. The aim of the present study was to determine the short-term effects and recovery after exposure of juvenile fish (Scophthalmus maximus) to heavy fuel oil no. 6 and styrene by using a battery of molecular, cell and tissue level biomarkers. Turbots were exposed to styrene for 7 days and to the diluted soluble fraction of the oil (10%) for 14 days, and then allowed to recover in clean seawater for the same time periods. cyp1a1 transcript was overexpressed in turbots after 3 and 14 days of exposure to heavy fuel oil, whereas ahr transcription was not modulated after heavy fuel oil and styrene exposure. pparα transcription level was significantly up-regulated after 3 days of treatment with styrene. Liver activity of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) was significantly induced after 14 days of oil exposure, but it was not affected by styrene. Hepatocyte lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) was significantly reduced after exposure to both treatments, indicating that the tested compounds significantly impaired fish health. Both AOX and LMS values returned to control levels after the recovery period. No differences in gamete development were observed between fuel- or styrene- exposed fish and control fish, and vitellogenin plasma levels were low, suggesting no xenoestrogenic effects of fuel oil or styrene. While styrene did not cause any increase in the prevalence of liver histopathological alterations, prevalence of extensive cell vacuolization increased after exposure to heavy fuel oil for 14 days. In conclusion, the suite of selected biomarkers proved to be useful to determine the early impact of and recovery from exposure to tested compounds in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Ruiz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Sarriena z/g, E- 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
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Wu B, Liu Z, Xu Y, Li D, Li M. Combined toxicity of cadmium and lead on the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 81:122-126. [PMID: 22608004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soil have received extensive attention due to their potential toxicological effects. This study analyzed the combined toxicity of Cd and Pb on the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Cellulase activity and DNA damage were chosen as toxic endpoints. Factorial analysis was applied to identify the interaction of Cd and Pb. The results showed that single Pb and Cd could increase the cellulase activity and DNA damage of coelomocytes. The combination of both metals could significantly inhibit cellulase activity. For low Cd concentration, the addition of Pb could increase the DNA damage. However, for high Cd concentration, Pb could decrease the DNA damage. Factorial analysis showed that the changes of Cd concentrations exerted the highest influence on the combined toxicity, followed by factor "Cd*Pb" and "Pb". The combined toxicological effects between Cd and Pb were complex, which might be influenced by the competition adsorption of both metals in soil and biomembrane and their bioavailability. The results of this study are useful for understanding of combined toxicity of Cd and Pb on terrestrial invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210046 PR China
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Parolini M, Binelli A. Cyto-genotoxic effects induced by three brominated diphenyl ether congeners on the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 79:247-255. [PMID: 22280972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of highly hydrophobic and persistent chemicals that has been used as flame retardants in several industrial applications. They have been detected in various environmental matrices worldwide and an increasing number of studies have recently been carried out to investigate their potential toxicity on ecosystem communities. Although a variety of biological damage has been documented in vertebrates, the effects on invertebrates are largely unknown. The objective of the present study was to determine the cyto-genotoxic effects induced by single exposure to three concentrations of 2,4,2',4'-tetra BDE (BDE 47), 2,2',4,4',6-penta BDE (BDE-100) and 2,2',4,4',5,6'-hexa BDE (BDE-154) on the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha by a multi-biomarker approach. We performed on bivalve hemocytes the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, the DNA Diffusion assay and the Micronucleus test (MN test) to assess genotoxicity, while the Neutral Red Retention Assay (NRRA) was used to evaluate cytotoxic effects. Results showed that BDE-47 did not produce any genetic damage at the tested concentrations (0.1 μg/L, 0.5 μg/L and 1 μg/L), while BDE-100 and BDE-154 can be considered moderately genotoxic, since both primary and fixed DNA injuries were induced. The NRRA indicated a moderate increase in cellular stress in BDEs-treated bivalves. Thus, our data seems to suggest that investigated BDEs may pose a low risk to freshwater mussels at environmental concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Biology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Binelli
- Department of Biology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Ruiz P, Orbea A, Rotchell JM, Cajaraville MP. Transcriptional responses of cancer-related genes in turbot Scophthalmus maximus and mussels Mytilus edulis exposed to heavy fuel oil no. 6 and styrene. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:820-31. [PMID: 22307397 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent spills in European waters have released polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, important components of heavy fuel oil, and the hydrocarbon styrene. Heavy fuel oil and styrene are classified as potentially genotoxic and carcinogenic. Here we investigate transcription of genes involved in cancer development in the liver of juvenile turbots and in the digestive gland of mussels exposed to heavy fuel oil and to styrene and after a recovery period. In turbot, oil produced a significant up-regulation of p53 and gadd45α after 14 days exposure. cyclin G1 was up-regulated after 7 days treatment with styrene. In mussels, ras was down-regulated in both treatments after the recovery periods. No mutations in ras hotspots were detected in exposed mussels. gadd45α was up-regulated after the recovery period of the styrene experiment. Overall, transcriptional responses differed in mussels compared to turbot. Turbot responded to hydrocarbon exposure by triggering cell cycle arrest (p53) and DNA repair (gadd45α).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Ruiz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
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Parolini M, Binelli A. Sub-lethal effects induced by a mixture of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the freshwater bivalve Dreissena polymorpha. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:379-92. [PMID: 21971971 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the sixth top-selling drugs worldwide and are commonly found in freshwater ecosystems in the high ng/l to low μg/l range. Recent studies have investigated both the acute and the chronic toxicity of single NSAIDs on different biological models, but these studies have completely neglected the fact that, in the environment, non-target organisms are exposed to mixtures of drugs that have unforeseeable toxicological behavior. This work investigated the sub-lethal effects induced by a mixture of three common NSAIDs, namely, diclofenac, ibuprofen and paracetamol, on the freshwater bivalve, the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). The mussels were exposed to three different environmental concentrations of the mixture (Low, Mid and High). A multi-biomarker approach was used to highlight cyto-genotoxic effects and the imbalance of the oxidative status of the treated specimens. The Neutral Red Retention Assay (NRRA) was used as a biomarker of cytotoxicity, whereas the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase were measured to assess the role played by the oxidative stress enzymes. In addition, the single cell gel electrophoresis assay, the DNA Diffusion assay and the micronucleus test were used to investigate possible genotoxic effects. According to our NRRA results, each treatment was able to induce a significant cellular stress in bivalves, probably due to the raise of oxidative stress, as indicated by the alteration of enzyme activities measured in treated specimens. Moreover, the mixture induced significant enhancements of DNA fragmentation, which preluded fixed genetic damage, as highlighted by the increase of both apoptotic and micronucleated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Biology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Binelli A, Pedriali A, Riva C, Parolini M. Illicit drugs as new environmental pollutants: cyto-genotoxic effects of cocaine on the biological model Dreissena polymorpha. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 86:906-911. [PMID: 22119280 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The increase in global consumption of illicit drugs has produced not only social and medical problems but also a potential new environmental danger. Indeed, it has been established that drugs consumed by humans end up in surface waters, after being carried through the sewage system. Although many studies to measure concentrations of several drugs of abuse in freshwater worldwide have been conducted, no data have been available to evaluate their potentially harmful effects on non-target organisms until now. The present study represents the first attempt to investigate the cyto-genotoxic effects of cocaine, one of the primary drugs consumed in Western Countries, in the biological model Dreissena polymorpha by the use of a biomarker battery. We performed the following tests on Zebra mussel hemocytes: the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, the apoptosis frequency evaluation and the micronucleus assay (MN test) for the evaluation of genotoxicity and the lysosomal membranes stability test (neutral red retention assay; NRRA) to identify the cocaine cytotoxicity. We exposed the molluscs for 96 h to three different nominal concentrations in water (40 ng L(-1); 220 ng L(-1); and 10 μg L(-1)). Cocaine caused significant (p<0.05) primary DNA damage in this short-term experiment, but it also caused a clear increase in micronucleated cells and a marked rise in apoptosis, which was evident in samples from even the lowest environmental cocaine concentration. Because cocaine decreased the stability of lysosomal membranes, we also highlighted its cytotoxicity and the possible implications of oxidative stress for the observed genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Binelli
- Department of Biology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Danion M, Le Floch S, Lamour F, Guyomarch J, Quentel C. Bioconcentration and immunotoxicity of an experimental oil spill in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:2167-74. [PMID: 21835465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) resulting from a water soluble fraction (WSF) of an Arabian crude oil were tested in vivo on the bioconcentration in muscles and on immune parameters in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. After 15 days of acclimation, fish were acutely exposed (48 h) to the WSF of 25 g of oil, and then returned to clean sea water for a 15 day recovery period. PAH concentration in the WSF at the beginning of the exposure was estimated to 773±187 ng L⁻¹ similar to that observed in the marine environment after an oil spill. The WSF in the experimental system was composed by lightest PAH compounds and did not remain constant during the two days of exposure. Just after exposure to the WSF, a total mean concentration of 148±46 μg kg⁻¹ of PAHs was found in contaminated fish muscle, composed of parent and alkylated naphthalene compounds (86.5%), benzo[a]pyrene (10.1%) and benzo[b+k]fluoranthene (3.4%). In addition, a decrease of leucocytes counts due to a lymphopenia and granulopenia and an increase of the haemolytic activity of the alternative pathway (ACH₅₀) were noted. After a 15 day recovery period, haematocrit was decreased whereas effects on the blood granulocytes of fish seemed to be reversible, contrary to the specific immune system and quality of flesh. In fact, contaminated fish had still less lymphocyte cells compared to controls fish and their flesh were still contaminated by naphthalene and benzo[a]pyrene creating a risk for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Danion
- ANSES, Laboratoire Ploufragan-Plouzané, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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