1
|
Fei F, Zhang P, Li X, Wang S, Feng E, Wan Y, Xie C. Effect of static magnetic field on marine mollusc Elysia leucolegnote. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1103648. [PMID: 36703918 PMCID: PMC9871387 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial magnetic fields are unavoidable environment for offshore marine organisms. With the substantially increasing submarine cables, the impact of magnetic field generated by cables on marine organisms has gradually attracted people's attention. However, there are few studies on the effect of magnetic field on molluscs. To explore whether magnetic fields could interfere with the physiological functions of offshore molluscs, here we systematically analyzed the change of metabolism and transcriptome of Elysia leucolegnote exposed to either geomagnetic field or 1.1 T static magnetic field. The blood glucose and lipid levels, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes in E. leucolegnote were significantly increased upon the exposure to high static magnetic field for 10 days. Meanwhile, the activities of enzymes related to digestive performance and liver functions were decreased. Possible mechanisms were further revealed through comparative transcriptome analysis. A total of 836 differentially expressed genes were identified, 352 of which were up-regulated and 484 of which were down-regulated after exposure to the high static magnetic field. The up-regulated differential genes were mainly concentrated in lysosomal and apoptotic pathways, and down-regulated differential genes were mainly involved in digestive and immune systems including phagocytosis. This pattern was further confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to a 1.1 T static magnetic field increased oxidative stress and blood glucose and lipid levels, and decreased immunity and physiological conditions in E. leucolegnote. The data we presented here provides a comprehensive view of metabolism change and gene expression pattern of E. leucolegnote exposed to static magnetic field. It may expand our knowledge on the magnetic field effects on offshore mollusc at molecular level, and contribute to clarification of the interaction between marine animals and artificial magnetic fields, which is certainly ecologically important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fei
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shun Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Erhui Feng
- Hainan Dong Zhai Gang National Nature Reserve Authority, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Can Xie
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center, Science Island, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Can Xie,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jakubowska-Lehrmann M, Białowąs M, Otremba Z, Hallmann A, Śliwińska-Wilczewska S, Urban-Malinga B. Do magnetic fields related to submarine power cables affect the functioning of a common bivalve? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105700. [PMID: 35841831 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) and electromagnetic field (EMF), of values usually recorded near submarine cables, on the bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity in the cockle Cerastoderma glaucum. Bivalves maintained a positive energy balance, but the filtration rate and energy available for individual production were significantly lower in SMF-exposed animals compared to the control treatment. No changes in the respiration were noted but ammonia excretion rate was significantly lower after exposure to EMF. Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the lipid peroxidation were not observed however, exposure to both fields resulted in increased protein carbonylation. After exposure to EMF a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity was observed. As the present study for the first time revealed the oxidative damage and neurotoxicity in marine invertebrate after exposure to artificial magnetic fields, the need for further research is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Białowąs
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Otremba
- Department of Physics, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anna Hallmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Śliwińska-Wilczewska
- Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland; Mount Allison University, 62 York St, Sackville, NB, E4L 1E2, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Albert L, Deschamps F, Jolivet A, Olivier F, Chauvaud L, Chauvaud S. A current synthesis on the effects of electric and magnetic fields emitted by submarine power cables on invertebrates. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 159:104958. [PMID: 32662447 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of clean renewable energy production has promoted the large-scale deployment of marine renewable energy devices, and their associated submarine cable network. Power cables produce both electric and magnetic fields that raise environmental concerns as many marine organisms have magneto and electroreception abilities used for vital purposes. Magnetic and electric fields' intensities decrease with distance away from the cable. Accordingly, the benthic and the sedimentary compartments are exposed to the highest field values. Although marine invertebrate species are the major fauna of these potentially exposed areas, they have so far received little attention. We provide extensive background knowledge on natural and anthropogenic marine sources of magnetic and electric fields. We then compile evidence for magneto- and electro-sensitivity in marine invertebrates and further highlight what is currently known about their interactions with artificial sources of magnetic and electric fields. Finally we discuss the main gaps and future challenges that require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Albert
- TBM Environnement, Porte Océane Bloc 03, 2 rue de Suède, 56400, Auray, France; Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - François Deschamps
- RTE, Immeuble Window, 7C place du Dôme, 92073, Paris La Défense Cedex, France.
| | - Aurélie Jolivet
- TBM Environnement, Porte Océane Bloc 03, 2 rue de Suède, 56400, Auray, France.
| | - Frédéric Olivier
- Biologie des Organismes et écosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA, UMR 7208), MNHN/SU/UNICAEN/UA/CNRS/IRD, 61 Rue Buffon CP53, 75005, Paris, France; Station Marine de Concarneau, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Place de la Croix, BP 225, 29182, Concarneau Cedex, France.
| | - Laurent Chauvaud
- Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, rue Dumont D'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Sylvain Chauvaud
- TBM Environnement, Porte Océane Bloc 03, 2 rue de Suède, 56400, Auray, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fey DP, Greszkiewicz M, Jakubowska M, Lejk AM, Otremba Z, Andrulewicz E, Urban-Malinga B. Otolith fluctuating asymmetry in larval trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, as an indication of organism bilateral instability affected by static and alternating magnetic fields. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135489. [PMID: 31771843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The possible effects of disruptions in the geomagnetic field caused by different man-made constructions have been increasing considerably in recent years. These include, among others, the development of wind farms located in the sea and increased numbers of underwater cables. The objective of this study was to determine whether a magnetic field (MF) of 10 mT or a 50 Hz electromagnetic field (EMF) of 1 mT affected the developmental instability of the inner ear organ, which is responsible in fish for hearing and balance, in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in a laboratory for 37 days (13 days in egg stage and 24 days in larval stage). This was done by analyzing the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of otolith size. The MF and EMF values applied in this study are those recorded in the vicinities of underwater alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) cables, respectively. The influence of MF on otolith FA was found to be statistically significant, with the highest significance occurring in the group of youngest larvae of 5 dph (compared to larvae 15 and 23 dph). Otolith FA was also higher in larvae exposed to the EMF compared to control conditions, but the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, we can conclude that underwater constructions and cables which emit a MF of 10 mT or higher can affect living organisms that are within a distance of a few meters, especially those (as in the case of trout) in settled life stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D P Fey
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - M Greszkiewicz
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - M Jakubowska
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - A M Lejk
- Department of Logistics and Monitoring, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Z Otremba
- Department of Physics, Gdynia Maritime University, ul. Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
| | - E Andrulewicz
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - B Urban-Malinga
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Taormina B, Di Poi C, Agnalt AL, Carlier A, Desroy N, Escobar-Lux RH, D'eu JF, Freytet F, Durif CMF. Impact of magnetic fields generated by AC/DC submarine power cables on the behavior of juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 220:105401. [PMID: 31924586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The number of submarine power cables using either direct or alternating current is expected to increase drastically in coming decades. Data concerning the impact of magnetic fields generated by these cables on marine invertebrates are scarce. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore the potential impact of anthropogenic static and time-varying magnetic fields on the behavior of recently settled juvenile European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) using two different behavioral assays. Day-light conditions were used to stimulate the sheltering behavior and facilitate the video tracking. We showed that juvenile lobsters did not exhibit any change of behavior when submitted to an artificial magnetic field gradient (maximum intensity of 200 μT) compared to non-exposed lobsters in the ambient magnetic field. Additionally, no influence was noted on either the lobsters' ability to find shelter or modified their exploratory behavior after one week of exposure to anthropogenic magnetic fields (225 ± 5 μT) which remained similar to those observed in control individuals. It appears that static and time-varying anthropogenic magnetic fields, at these intensities, do not significantly impact the behavior of juvenile European lobsters in daylight conditions. Nevertheless, to form a complete picture for this biological model, further studies are needed on the other life stages as they may respond differently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Taormina
- France Energies Marines, 525 avenue Alexis de Rochon, 29280, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, DYNECO - Laboratoire d'écologie benthique côtière, ZI de la Pointe du Diable - CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Carole Di Poi
- Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ann-Lisbeth Agnalt
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Antoine Carlier
- Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, DYNECO - Laboratoire d'écologie benthique côtière, ZI de la Pointe du Diable - CS 10070, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Desroy
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Bretagne Nord, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35801, Dinard, France
| | - Rosa Helena Escobar-Lux
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392, Storebø, Norway
| | - Jean-François D'eu
- Mappem Geophysics, Batiment Tech-Iroise, 1 rue des Ateliers, Zone de Mespaol, 29290, Saint-Renan, France
| | - Florian Freytet
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392, Storebø, Norway
| | - Caroline M F Durif
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392, Storebø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jakubowska M, Urban-Malinga B, Otremba Z, Andrulewicz E. Effect of low frequency electromagnetic field on the behavior and bioenergetics of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 150:104766. [PMID: 31404727 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of an electromagnetic field (EMF) of value typically recorded in the vicinity of submarine cables (50 Hz, 1 mT) on the behavior and bioenergetics of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor. No avoidance or attraction behavior to EMF was shown, but the burrowing activity of H. diversicolor was enhanced in EMF treatment, indicating a stimulating effect on bioturbation potential. The polychaete maintained a positive energy balance and high amount (85% of assimilated energy) of energy available for individual production (scope for growth) after exposure to EMF. Food consumption and respiration rates were not affected but ammonia excretion rate was significantly reduced in EMF-exposed animals compared to the control conditions (geomagnetic field). The mechanisms behind this effect remain, however, unclear. This is the first study demonstrating the effects of environmentally realistic EMF value on the behavior and physiology of marine invertebrates, thus there is a need for more research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jakubowska
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Barbara Urban-Malinga
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Otremba
- Department of Physics, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Andrulewicz
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332, Gdynia, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fey DP, Jakubowska M, Greszkiewicz M, Andrulewicz E, Otremba Z, Urban-Malinga B. Are magnetic and electromagnetic fields of anthropogenic origin potential threats to early life stages of fish? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 209:150-158. [PMID: 30780112 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The number of underwater cables transferring electric current in sea and freshwater environments is constantly increasing. As a result, the risk of negative effects of magnetic fields generated in the vicinity of those cables on fish eggs and larvae is also growing. This is especially the case for species that settle on the bottom for certain periods of time during early development. To study those effects, eggs and larvae of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were subjected under experimental conditions to a static magnetic field (MF) of 10 m T and a 50 Hz electromagnetic field (EMF) of 1 m T for a period of 36 days (i.e., from eyed egg stage to approximately 26 days post hatching, dph). Neither MF nor EMF had significant effect on embryonic or larval mortality, hatching time, larval growth, or the time of larvae swim-up from the bottom. However, both MF and EMF enhanced the yolk-sac absorption rate. Although it was not related directly to magnetic field effect, it was also shown that larvae with absorbed yolk-sacs by the time of swim-up were less efficient in taking advantage of available food at first feeding (i.e., obtained smaller weight at age). That indicates the importance of processes affecting yolk-sac absorption rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz P Fey
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jakubowska
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Martyna Greszkiewicz
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Andrulewicz
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Otremba
- Department of Physics, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87 Str., 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Barbara Urban-Malinga
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland
| |
Collapse
|