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Milano F, Giotta L, Lambreva MD. Perspectives on nanomaterial-empowered bioremediation of heavy metals by photosynthetic microorganisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 216:109090. [PMID: 39243581 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Environmental remediation of heavy metals (HMs) is a crucial aspect of sustainable development, safeguarding natural resources, biodiversity, and the delicate balance of ecosystems, all of which are critical for sustaining life on our planet. The bioremediation of HMs by unicellular phototrophs harnesses their intrinsic detoxification mechanisms, including biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation. These processes can be remarkably effective in mitigating HMs, particularly at lower contaminant concentrations, surpassing the efficacy of conventional physicochemical methods and offering greater sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Here, we explore the potential of various engineered nanomaterials to further enhance the capacity and efficiency of HM bioremediation based on photosynthetic microorganisms. The critical assessment of the interactions between nanomaterials and unicellular phototrophs emphasised the ability of tailored nanomaterials to sustain photosynthetic metabolism and the defence system of microorganisms, thereby enhancing their growth, biomass accumulation, and overall bioremediation capacity. Key factors that could shape future research efforts toward sustainable nanobioremediation of HM are discussed, and knowledge gaps in the field have been identified. This study sheds light on the potential of nanobioremediation by unicellular phototrophs as an efficient, scalable, and cost-effective solution for HM removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Milano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR), Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Livia Giotta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Maya D Lambreva
- Institute for Biological Systems, National Research Council (CNR), Strada Provinciale 35d, N. 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Wang J, Tian Q, Zhou H, Kang J, Yu X, Qiu G, Shen L. Physiological regulation of microalgae under cadmium stress and response mechanisms of time-series analysis using metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170278. [PMID: 38262539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of heavy metal wastewater treatment utilizing microalgae adsorption has been extensively demonstrated. However, the response mechanism based on metabolomics to analyze the time-series changes of microalgae under Cd stress has not been described in detail. In this study, SEM/TEM demonstrated that Cd accumulated on the cell surface of microalgae and was bioconcentrated in the cytoplasm, vesicles, and chloroplasts. Carbonyl/quinone/ketone/carboxyl groups (OCO), membrane polysaccharides (OH), and phospholipids (PO) were involved in the interaction of Cd ions, and the chlorophyll content underwent a process of decreasing in the early stage (1.62 mg/g at 48 h) and recovering to the normal level in the late stage, and the contents of MDA, GSH, and SOD were all increased (29.7 nmol/g, 0.23 mg/g, and 30.01 u/106 cells) and then gradually returned to the steady state. The results of EPS content and fluorescent labeling showed that Cd induced the overexpression and synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins, which is one of the defense mechanisms participating in the reduction of cellular damage by complexed Cd. Metabolomics results indicated that the malate synthesis pathway was activated after Cd-20 h, and the microalgal cells began to shift the metabolic pathway to storage lipid or polysaccharide biosynthesis. In the Calvin cycle, the expression of D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate in Cd-20 h_vs_ck and Cd-72 h_vs_Cd-20 h firstly declined and then increased, and the photosynthesis system was suppressed at the beginning, and then gradually returned to normal to maintain the successful development of the dark reaction. The results of time series analysis revealed that the response of microalgae to Cd was categorized into fast response and slow response to regulate cell adsorption and growth metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Qinghua Tian
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jue Kang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Guanzhou Qiu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Li Shen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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3
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Kadam RV, Rani V, Padmavathy P, Shalini R, Selvi MJT, Narsale SA. Assessment of heavy metals and environmental stress conditions on the production potential of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in indigenous microalgae isolated from the Gulf of Mannar coastal waters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:301. [PMID: 38400851 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of heavy metals, viz., lead, mercury, and cadmium, on growth, chlorophyll a, b, c, carotenoids, and PUFA content of marine microalgae Chlorella sp. and Cylindrotheca fusiformis. At 96-h exposure, the IC50 values for Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were 0.85 mg/L, 2.4 mg/L, and 5.3 mg/L respectively, in Chlorella sp. In C. fusiformis, IC50 values for Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were 0.5 mg/L, 1.2 mg/L, and 3 mg/L respectively. The pigment contents of both microalgae were significantly affected upon heavy metal exposure. In Chlorella sp. and C. fusiformis, the exposed concentrations of Hg2+ averagely decreased the PUFA content by 76.34% and 78.68%, respectively. Similarly, Pb2+-exposed concentrations resulted in 54.50% and 82.64% average reductions in PUFA content of Chlorella sp. and C. fusiformis, respectively. Cd2+-exposed concentrations showed 32.58% and 40.54% average reduction in PUFA content of Chlorella sp. and C. fusiformis, respectively. Among the environmental stress conditions, the dark treatment has increased total PUFA content by 6.63% in Chlorella sp. and 3.92% in C. fusiformis. It was observed that the 50% nitrogen starvation (two-stage) significantly improved the PUFA production from 26.47 ± 6.55% to 40.92 ± 10.74% in Chlorella sp. and from 11.23 ± 5.01 to 32.8 ± 14.17% in C. fusiformis. The toxicity for both microalgae was followed in the order Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+. Among the two species, Chlorella sp. has shown a high tolerance to heavy metals and can be effectively utilized in PUFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Venkatrao Kadam
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Rani
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P Padmavathy
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M J Thamarai Selvi
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swapnil Ananda Narsale
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liu J, Liu L, Wang S, Sun S, Hu C, Zhao Y. Enhancement of carbon nanotubes on microalgal-fungal consortium formation and wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119120. [PMID: 37778062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
As a promising material with an efficient light capture capability, a low amount of carbon nanotubes can affect growth and photosynthesis by regulating microalgal cells, thereby enhancing the pollutant removal efficiency in wastewater. In this study, microalgal-fungal consortia of Chlorella vulgaris and Ganoderma lucidum were developed with different types and concentrations of carbon nanotubes. The treatment effect of microalgal-fungal consortia on simulated digestate was also studied. The results demonstrate that 1.5 mg/L of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes remarkably promoted the formation, growth and photosynthesis of consortium. The dry weight and chlorophyll a content reached 19.3 ± 0.53 mg/symbiont and 27.3 ± 0.52 μg/L, respectively. Moreover, the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and tetracycline hydrochloride were 94.1%, 65.5%, 61.9% and 96.2%, respectively. Overall, these findings suggest a promising future for the use of carbon nanotubes in wastewater treatment by regulating microalgal-fungal consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Shilun Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Shiqing Sun
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Changwei Hu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China.
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China.
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Qin Y, He S, Peng H, Ye X, Zhang H, Ding S. Dibutyl Phthalate Adsorbed on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Causes Fetal Developmental Toxicity in Balb/C Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:565. [PMID: 37505531 PMCID: PMC10385951 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a carrier for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) could delay the degradation rate of DBP in mice and increase its estrogen-like interference effect. Pregnant Balb/C mice were divided into four groups and exposed to different treatments via tail-vein injection every 3 days until gestational day 20. The female and male mice were then sacrificed for toxicological study. The results showed that the combination of MWCNTs and DBP resulted in a higher fetal mortality rate than if the mice were exposed to MWCNTs or DBP alone. H&E staining showed that the estrous period of the exposed mice was delayed, the development of oocytes was blocked in the combination group, the number of spermatogenic cells decreased, and the quality of sperm decreased. Our experiment showed that the expression levels of the genes involved in sex hormone synthesis in the testis and ovaries were significantly increased after combined treatment compared with the MWCNT group (p < 0.01). The study suggests that DBP degradation is delayed when absorbed on MWCNTs, which increases its estrogen-like interference and interferes with fetal development, ultimately leading to increased fetal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Suli He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Liquor Marking Biological Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Hongmao Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shumao Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Gan T, Yin G, Zhao N, Tan X, Wang Y. A Sensitive Response Index Selection for Rapid Assessment of Heavy Metals Toxicity to the Photosynthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Based on Rapid Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction Kinetics. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050468. [PMID: 37235282 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals as toxic pollutants have important impacts on the photosynthesis of microalgae, thus seriously threatening the normal material circulation and energy flow of the aquatic ecosystem. In order to rapidly and sensitively detect the toxicity of heavy metals to microalgal photosynthesis, in this study, the effects of four typical toxic heavy metals, chromium (Cr(VI)), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and copper (Cu), on nine photosynthetic fluorescence parameters (φPo, ΨEo, φEo, δRo, ΨRo, φRo, FV/FO, PIABS, and Sm) derived from the chlorophyll fluorescence rise kinetics (OJIP) curve of microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa, were investigated based on the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics technique. By analyzing the change trends of each parameter with the concentrations of the four heavy metals, we found that compared with other parameters, φPo (maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II), FV/FO (photochemical parameter of photosystem II), PIABS (photosynthetic performance index), and Sm (normalized area of the OJIP curve) demonstrated the same monotonic change characteristics with an increase in concentration of each heavy metal, indicating that these four parameters could be used as response indexes to quantitatively detect the toxicity of heavy metals. By further comparing the response performances of φPo, FV/FO, PIABS, and Sm to Cr(VI), Cd, Hg, and Cu, the results indicated that whether it was analyzed from the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC), the influence degree by equal concentration of heavy metal, the 10% effective concentration (EC10), or the median effective concentration (EC50), the response sensitivities of PIABS to each heavy metal were all significantly superior to those of φRo, FV/FO, and Sm. Thus, PIABS was the most suitable response index for sensitive detection of heavy metals toxicity. Using PIABS as a response index to compare the toxicity of Cr(VI), Cd, Hg, and Cu to C. pyrenoidosa photosynthesis within 4 h by EC50 values, the results indicated that Hg was the most toxic, while Cr(VI) toxicity was the lowest. This study provides a sensitive response index for rapidly detecting the toxicity of heavy metals to microalgae based on the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Gaofang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Nanjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
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Liu J, Qin H, Meng X, Fan X, Zhu N, Sun S, Zhao Y, Jiang Z. Nutrient removal from biogas slurry and biogas upgrading by microalgae-fungi-bacteria co-cultivation under different carbon nanotubes concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:36023-36032. [PMID: 36542281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Chlorella vulgaris, Ganoderma lucidum, and endophytic bacteria were co-cultivated with the stimulation of strigolactone analogs GR24 to prepare pellets. During the purification of biogas slurry and biogas, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were introduced to enhance the removal efficiencies of nutrients and CO2. The results showed that both GR24 and MWCNTs affected the purification of biogas slurry and biogas. The maximum chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and CO2 removal efficiencies of the Chlorella vulgaris-Ganoderma lucidum-endophytic bacterial symbionts were 82.57 ± 7.96% (P < 0.05), 82.14 ± 7.87% (P < 0.05), 84.27 ± 7.96% (P < 0.05), and 63.93 ± 6.22% (P < 0.05), respectively, with the induction of 10-9 M GR24 and 1 mg L-1 MWCNTs. Moreover, the growth and photosynthetic performance of the symbionts were consistent with the removal effects. The Chlorella vulgaris-Ganoderma lucidum-endophytic bacterial symbionts obtained high growth rates and enzyme activity with the maximum growth rate of 0.365 ± 0.03 d-1, mean daily productivity of 0.182 ± 0.016 g L-1 d-1, and carbonic anhydrase activity of 31.07 ± 2.75 units, respectively. These results indicated that an appropriate concentration of GR24 and MWCNTs could promote the growth of symbionts, reinforce the purification effects of biogas slurry and biogas, and provide a new idea for the simultaneous purification of wastewater and biogas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Liu
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- The 11th Geological Section of Zhejiang Province, 325006, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhou Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing, 314051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Fan
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningzheng Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing-Tongji Environmental Research Institute, 1994 Linggongtang Road, Jiaxing, 314051, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Sun
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhoujia Jiang
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
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Xu B, Zhao Y, Zhao C, Wei J. Effect of different CO 2 concentrations on biogas upgrading and nutrient removal by microalgae-fungi co-culture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:91345-91355. [PMID: 35896875 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the high carbon dioxide (CO2)-fixation efficiency, microalgae-based technology has been widely used for biogas purification. The present study explored the effect of CO2 concentration on biogas purification by an algal-fungal-bacterial symbiotic system. Two algal-fungal-bacterial symbiotic systems were cultivated to purify four simulated biogas samples with different CO2 concentrations. The results showed that GR24, a synthetic analog of strigolactone, stimulated the growth of the algal-fungal-bacterial symbiotic system. The optimal CO2 concentration for the purification of the simulated biogas was 45% (V/V), and the optimal symbiotic system was Chlorella vulgaris-Ganoderma lucidum-endophytic bacteria-GR24. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD; 82.61 ± 7.73%), total nitrogen (TN; 81.36 ± 7.97%), total phosphorus (TP; 85.69 ± 8.19), and CO2 (69.23 ± 6.56%) removal efficiencies were detected with the addition of 10-9 M GR24 to the C. vulgaris-G. lucidum-endophytic bacterial symbiotic system. These findings confirmed the effect of CO2 concentration on the purification of biogas by the algal-bacterial symbiotic system. The study provides a theoretical basis for further research on the treatment of wastewater and biogas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunzhi Zhao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 200235, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- College of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
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Antal TK, Volgusheva AA, Kukarskikh GP, Lukashev EP, Bulychev AA, Margonelli A, Orlanducci S, Leo G, Cerri L, Tyystjärvi E, Lambreva MD. Single-walled carbon nanotubes protect photosynthetic reactions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii against photoinhibition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:298-307. [PMID: 36283202 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are among the most exploited carbon allotropes in nanosensing, bioengineering, and photobiological applications, however, the interactions of nanotubes with the photosynthetic process and structures are still poorly understood. We found that SWCNTs are not toxic to the photosynthetic apparatus of the model unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and demonstrate that this carbon nanomaterial can protect algal photosynthesis against photoinhibition. The results show that the inherent phytotoxicity of the nanotubes may be overcome by an intentional selection of nanomaterial characteristics. A low concentration (2 μg mL-1) of well-dispersed, purified and small SWCNTs did not alter the growth and pigment accumulation of the cultures. Indeed, under the photoinhibitory conditions of our experiments, SWCNT-enriched samples were characterized by a lower rate of PSII inactivation, reduced excitation pressure in PSII, a higher rate of photosynthetic electron transport, and an increased non-photochemical quenching in comparison with the controls. In addition, SWCNTs change the distribution of energy between the photosystems in favour of PSII (state 1). The underlying mechanism of this action is not yet understood but possibly, electrons or energy can be exchanged between the redox active nanotubes and photosynthetic components, and probably other redox active intra-chloroplast constituents. Alternatively, nanotubes may promote the formation of an NPQ conformation of PSII. Our results provided evidence for such electron/energy transfer from photosynthetic structures toward the nanotubes. The discovered photoprotective effects can potentially be used in photobiotechnology to maintain the photosynthetic activity of microorganisms under unfavourable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras K Antal
- Laboratory of Integrated Ecological Research, Pskov State University, Krasnoarmeyskaya st. 1, Pskov, 180000, Russia.
| | - Alena A Volgusheva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina P Kukarskikh
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy P Lukashev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrea Margonelli
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00015, Monterotondo Stazione (RM), Italy
| | - Silvia Orlanducci
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Leo
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione (RM), Italy
| | - Luciana Cerri
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione (RM), Italy
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Maya D Lambreva
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 00015, Monterotondo Stazione (RM), Italy.
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Mahesh N, Balakumar S, Shyamalagowri S, Manjunathan J, Pavithra MKS, Babu PS, Kamaraj M, Govarthanan M. Carbon-based adsorbents as proficient tools for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution: A state of art-review emphasizing recent progress and prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113723. [PMID: 35752329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-centric adsorbents (CCA) are diverse forms, from simple biochar (BC) to graphene derivatives, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and activated carbon (AC), which have been vastly explored for their removal of a plethora of pollutants, including heavy metals (HM). The prominent features of CCA are their operational attributes like extensive surface area, the occurrence of flexible surface functional groups, etc. This work offers a comprehensive examination of contemporary research on CCA for their superior metal removal aptitude and performances in simulated solutions and wastewater flows; via portraying the recent research advances as an outlook on the appliances of CACs for heavy metal adsorption for removal via distinct forms like AC, BC, Graphene oxide (GO), and CNTs. The bibliometric analysis tool was employed to highlight the number of documents, country-wise contribution, and co-occurrence mapping based on the Scopus database. The coverage of research works in this review is limited to the last 5 years (2017-2021) to highlight recent progress and prospects in using CCAs such as AC, BC, GO, and CNTs to remove HM from aqueous media, which makes the review unique. Besides an overview of the common mechanisms of CACs, the future scope of CAC, especially towards HM mitigation, is also discussed in this review. This review endorses that further efforts should be commenced to enhance the repertory of CCAs that effectively eliminate multiple targeted metals in both simulated and real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Mahesh
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Srinivasa Ramanujan Centre, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Kumbakonam, 612001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Balakumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Srinivasa Ramanujan Centre, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Kumbakonam, 612001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jagadeesan Manjunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, 600117, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M K S Pavithra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, 638401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palanisamy Suresh Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Murugesan Kamaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology -Ramapuram Campus, Chennai, 600089, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Mousavi SF, Roein Z, Hekmatara SH. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes wrapped with polyvinylpyrrolidone can control the leaf yellowing of Alstroemeria cut flowers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14232. [PMID: 35987917 PMCID: PMC9392740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid yellowing of the leaves on cut flowers with leafy stems severely limits their vase life and commercial value. In this study, the effect of a composite of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) on the longevity of cut Alstroemeria flowers (Alstroemeria hybrida) was investigated to obtain a solution to this problem. A range of MWCNTs/PVP composite concentrations (0, 3, 6, and 9 mg L-1) was applied in a vase solution (for 24 h) as pulse treatments. Our findings indicate that the composite of MWCNTs and PVP exhibits excellent dispersibility in a vase solution. The results demonstrate that a 3 mg L-1 MWCNTs/PVP concentration was the most effective, extending the vase life of cut Alstroemeria flowers by up to 27 days. Pulsing with MWCNTs/PVP delayed the onset of floret abscission and leaf yellowing by 5 and 18 days, respectively. Additionally, when MWCNTs/PVP solution was applied to cut stems, water uptake remained consistently greater than that of the control. Additionally, MWCNTs/PVP increased the total chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, and POX enzyme activity of leaves while decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results indicate that this composite exhibited antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, particularly at a concentration of 3 mg L-1. This study demonstrated that adding MWCNTs/PVP to a vase solution of Alstroemeria cut flowers increased their longevity with minimal leaf yellowing symptoms compared to untreated cut stems. As a result, this nanocomposite can be used safely and effectively in vase solutions and in combination with other preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Farzaneh Mousavi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, P.O. Box 69315-516, Ilam, Iran
| | - Zeynab Roein
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, P.O. Box 69315-516, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Hekmatara
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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12
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Cao J, Liao Y, Yang W, Jiang X, Li M. Enhanced microalgal toxicity due to polystyrene nanoplastics and cadmium co-exposure: From the perspective of physiological and metabolomic profiles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127937. [PMID: 34863563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As important emerging contaminants, nanoplastics can act as vectors for other environmental pollutants, resulting in their migration throughout ecosystems and altering their toxicity. In this study, the fluorescent dye label aggravated the toxicity of polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics (100 nm diameter particles) to microalgae Euglena gracilis. Therefore, the toxicity of non-fluorescent labelled PS alone and in combination with divalent cadmium (Cd2+) on Euglena gracilis in the environmentally relevant concentrations was investigated. Results revealed that co-exposure to 50 μg/L (1.1 × 1010 particles/L) PS and 50 μg/L Cd2+ resulted in synergistic effects, significantly inhibiting microalgal growth by 28.76%. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and extracellular polymeric substances were distinctly enhanced in co-exposure treatments compared to the control, indicating that cellular antioxidant defense responses were activated. LC-MS-based metabolomic analysis suggested that PS and Cd2+ exposure alone or in combination induced significant disruption to carbohydrate and purine metabolism-related pathways, as compared to controls. As part of the PS and Cd2+ stress response, differential metabolites involved in lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism provide antioxidants and cell membrane protective molecules. Overall, this combined physiological and metabolomic analysis approach provides a better understanding of the potential risks posed by nanoplastics and heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanchen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weishu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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13
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Hu L, Jiang W, Xu X, Wang H, Carroll KC, Xu P, Zhang Y. Toxicological characterization of produced water from the Permian Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152943. [PMID: 35007582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Produced water (PW) is a hypersaline waste stream generated from the shale oil and gas industry, consisting of numerous anthropogenic and geogenic compounds. Despite prior geochemical characterization, the comprehensive toxicity assessment is lacking for evaluating treatment technologies and the beneficial use of PW. In this study, a suite of in vitro toxicity assays using various aquatic organisms (luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, fish gill cell line RTgill-W1, and microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus) were developed to investigate the toxicological characterizations of PW from the Permian Basin. The exposure to PW, PW inorganic fraction (PW-IF), and PW salt control (PW-SC) at 30-50% dilutions caused significant toxicological effects in all model species, revealing the high salinity was the foremost toxicological driver in PW. In addition, the toxicity level of PW was usually higher than that of PW-IF, suggesting that organic contaminants might also play a critical role in PW toxicity. When comparing the observed toxicity with associated chemical characterizations in different PW samples, strong correlations were found between them since higher concentrations of contaminants could generally result in higher toxicity towards exposed organisms. Furthermore, the toxicity results from the pretreated PW indicated that those in vitro toxicity assays had different sensitives to the chemical components present in PW. As expected, the combination of multiple pretreatments could lead to a more significant decrease in toxicity compared to the single pretreatment since the mixture of contaminants in PW might exhibit synergistic toxicity. Overall, the current work is expected to enhance our understanding of the potential toxicological impacts of PW to aquatic ecosystems and the relationships between the chemical profiles and observed toxicity in PW, which might be conducive to the establishment of monitoring, remediation, treatment, and reuse protocols for PW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Xuesong Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Huiyao Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Kenneth C Carroll
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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14
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Sun L, Zhao C, Sun S, Hu C, Zhao Y, Liu J. Nutrient and tetracycline removal from simulated biogas slurry and biogas upgrading by microalgae cultivation under different carbon nanotubes concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8538-8548. [PMID: 34491496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study sought to determine the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) concentrations (0-10 mg L-1) on tetracycline (TC) and biogas slurry nutrient removal by microalga Chlorella vulgaris cultivation. Treatments with 1 mg L-1 MWCNTs yielded the maximum chlorophyll a content, dry weight, and algal density of 143.73 ± 3.11 μg L-1, 0.81 ± 0.008 g L-1, and 5.83×107 cells L-1, respectively, suggesting that 1 mg L-1 MWCNTs could enhance microalgal growth performance and photosynthesis effectively. The highest removal rates of chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, TC, and CO2 under 1 mg L-1 MWCNTs were 90.43 ± 5.15%, 78.12 ± 4.33%, 77.07 ± 4.12%, 89.64 ± 3.08%, and 64.26 ± 0.71%, respectively. These results elucidated that moderate MWCNTs concentrations might promote TC and nutrient removal by enhancing Chlorella vulgaris photosynthesis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- School of Ecological Technology & Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201400, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunzhi Zhao
- School of Ecological Technology & Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201400, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Sun
- Nanhu College, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Hu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Improved Development during In Vitro Multiplication of Sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.) in a Semi-Automated Bioreactor. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102015. [PMID: 34685824 PMCID: PMC8540042 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes play an important role in plant biotechnology due to their effects on the growth and differentiation of cells, tissues, organs, and whole plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) during in vitro multiplication of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) using a temporary immersion system. Morphological characterization of MWCNTs was carried out under a transmission electron microscope. Different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200 mg L−1) of MWCNTs were added to Murashige and Skoog liquid culture medium in the multiplication stage. At 30 d of culture, number of shoots per explant, shoot length, number of leaves per shoot, total chlorophyll, dry matter percentage, carbon percentage, and macro- and micronutrient content were evaluated. Results showed an increase in the development of sugarcane shoots at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg L−1 MWCNT. Total chlorophyll content increased at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L−1 MWCNT, whereas macro- and micronutrient content was variable at the different MWCNT concentrations. Results suggest a hormetic effect, characterized by stimulation at low concentrations. In conclusion, the use of low concentrations of MWCNTs had positive effects on development, total chlorophyll, carbon percentage, and macro- and micronutrient (N, Ca, S, Fe, Cu, Zn and Na) contents during in vitro multiplication of sugarcane and may have a potential use in other species of agricultural interest.
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16
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Wang Z, Zhang F, Vijver MG, Peijnenburg WJGM. Graphene nanoplatelets and reduced graphene oxide elevate the microalgal cytotoxicity of nano-zirconium oxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130015. [PMID: 33690035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Novel products often have a multitude of nanomaterials embedded; likewise within many products graphite-based products are decorated with nano-zirconium oxide (nZrO2) because graphene is an ultrahigh conductive material whereas nZrO2 is for instance fire-retardant. As a consequence, the pristine/isolated nanoparticle has unique beneficial properties but it is no longer the only compound that needs to be considered in risk assessment. Data on joint toxicological implications are particularly important for the hazard assessment of multicomponent nanomaterials. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity induced by the co-occurrence of nZrO2 and two graphene nanomaterials including graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to the freshwater algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Exposure to GNPs and/or RGO induced enhanced cytotoxicity of nZrO2 to the algae. Intracellular oxidative stress and cellular membrane functional changes in C. pyrenoidosa were the reason for the enhancement of toxicity induced by the binary mixtures of GNPs/RGO and nZrO2. Furthermore, mitochondria-generated ROS played a major role in regulating the treatment-induced cellular response in the algae. Observations of cellular superficial- and ultra-structures indicated that the binary mixtures provoked oxidative damage to the algal cells. RGO increased the cytotoxicity and the extent of cellular oxidative stress to a higher extent than GNPs. These findings provide new insights that are of use in the risk assessment of mixtures of graphene-based carbon nanomaterials and other ENPs, and fit the new ideas on product testing that respects the combination effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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17
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Yan D, Xue Z, Li S, Zhong C. Comparison of cytotoxicity of Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO nanocomplexes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:811-819. [PMID: 33314238 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel metal and metal oxide-based nanocomplexes are being developed due to their superior properties compared with nanoparticles (NPs) based on single composition. In this study, we synthesized Ag-coated ZnO (Ag/ZnO) and Ag-doped ZnO (Ag@ZnO) NPs. The cytotoxicity and mechanisms associated with the synthesized NPs were investigated to understand the influence of Ag positions on biocompatibility of the NPs. After exposure to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), Ag/ZnO, Ag@ZnO, and ZnO NPs all significantly induced cytotoxicity, but the cytotoxic effects of Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were more modest in comparison with ZnO NPs. At cytotoxic concentrations, all NPs significantly induced intracellular Zn ions, which suggested a role of excessive Zn ions on cytotoxicity of NPs. All types of NPs significantly induced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes including DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1), and ER to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1), but Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were less effective to induce DDIT3 and XBP-1 expression compared with ZnO NPs. Not surprisingly, only ZnO NPs significantly induced the expression of caspase 3. Combined, the results from this study showed that Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were less cytotoxic and less potent to induce ER stress gene expression compared with ZnO NPs, but there were no significant differences between Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs. Our results may provide novel understanding about the biocompatibility of Ag-ZnO nanocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejian Yan
- Institute of Advanced Materials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Xue
- Institute of Advanced Materials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
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18
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Liao Y, Jiang X, Xiao Y, Li M. Exposure of microalgae Euglena gracilis to polystyrene microbeads and cadmium: Perspective from the physiological and transcriptional responses. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105650. [PMID: 33035767 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics (MPs/NPs) are already present as contaminants in the natural environment globally and have been shown to be difficult to degrade, resulting in the potential for ecological damage and public health concerns. However, the adverse effects of exposure to MPs/NPs by aquatic organisms, especially freshwater microalgae, remains unclear. In the present study, the growth, physiology and transcriptome of the freshwater microalgae Euglena gracilis were comprehensively analyzed following exposure to 1 mg/L of polystyrene (PS) microbeads (5 μm PS-MPs and 100 nm PS-NPs), 0.5 mg/L cadmium (Cd), or a mixture of PS microbeads and Cd for 96 h. Results showed that the toxicity of PS-MPs to microalgae was greater than PS-NPs, inducing increased growth inhibition, oxidative damage and decreased photosynthesis pigment concentrations. PS-MPs alone or in combination with Cd caused cavitation within microalgal cells, as well as increasing the number and volume of vacuoles. The combined exposure toxicity test showed that a combination of Cd + PS-NPs was more toxic than Cd + PS-MPs, which may be explained by the transcriptomic analysis results. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Cd + PS-NPs group were mainly enriched in metabolism-related pathways, suggesting that algal metabolism was hindered, resulting in aggravation of toxicity. The reduced toxicity induced by Cd + PS-MPs may indicate a response to resist external stress processes. In addition, no adsorption of 0.5 mg/L Cd to 1 mg/L PS microbeads was observed, suggesting that adsorption of MPs/NPs and Cd was not the key factor determining the combined toxicity effects in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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