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Cloning of Cold-Adapted Dextranase and Preparation of High Degree Polymerization Isomaltooligosaccharide. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal diseases are mainly caused by a decrease in the relative abundance of probiotics and an increase in the number of pathogenic bacteria due to dysbiosis of the intestinal flora. High degree polymerization isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) can promote probiotic metabolism and proliferation. In this study, the dextranase (PsDex1711) gene of marine bacterial Pseudarthrobacter sp. RN22 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The optimal pH and temperature of the dextranase were 6.0 and 30 °C, respectively, showing the highest stability at 20 °C. The dextran T70 could be hydrolyzed to produce IMO3, IMO4, IMO5, and IMO6 with a high degree of polymerization. The hydrolysate of 1 mg/mL could significantly promote the growth of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium after 12 h culture and the formation of biofilms by 58.2%. The hydrolysates could promote the proliferation of probiotics. Furthermore, the IC50 of scavenging rate of DPPH, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion was less than 20 mg/mL. This study provides a crucial theoretical basis for the application of dextranase such as pharmaceutical and food industries.
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2
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Bacterial biofilms and their resistance mechanisms: a brief look at treatment with natural agents. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:535-554. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Okba MM, Abdel Baki PM, Abu-Elghait M, Shehabeldine AM, El-Sherei MM, Khaleel AE, Salem MA. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the underground parts of common Iris species in relation to their anti-virulence activities against Staphylococcusaureus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114658. [PMID: 34555449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of plant extracts and their phytochemicals as candidates for targeting the microbial resistance inhibition is increasingly focused in last decades. In Mongolian traditional medicine, Irises were long used for the treatment of bacterial infections. Irises have been used since the Ancient Egyptians. AIM OF THE STUDY Chemical composition and virulence inhibition potential of both polar (PF) and non-polar fractions (NPF) of three common Iris species (I. confusa, I. pseudacorus and I. germanica) were explored. MATERIAL AND METHODS Secondary metabolites profiling was characterized by the UPLC-HRMS/MS technique. Multi-variate data analysis was performed using Metaboanalyst 3.0. Anti-virulence inhibitory activity was evaluated via anti-haemolytic assay and Quantitative biofilm inhibition assay. RESULTS I. pseudacorus PF exhibited the most potent effect against S. aureus haemolytic activity. All the tested fractions from all species, except I. pseudacorus NPF, have no significant inhibition on the biofilm formation of methicillin resistant and sensitive (MRSA and MSSA) S. aureus. I. pseudacorus NPF showed potent biofilm inhibitory potential of 71.4 and 85.8% against biofilm formation of MRSA and MSSA, respectively. Metabolite profiling of the investigated species revealed ninety and forty-five metabolites detected in the PFs and NPFs, respectively. Nigricin-type, tectorigenin-type isoflavonids and xanthones allowed the discrimination of I. pseudacorus PF from the other species, highlighting the importance of those metabolites in exerting its promising activity. On the other hand, triterpene acids, iridals, triacylglycerols and ceramides represented the metabolites detected in highest abundance in I. pseudacorus NPF. CONCLUSIONS This is the sole map represents the secondary metabolites profiling of the PFs and NPFs of common Iris species correlating them with the potent explored Staphylococcus aureus anti-virulence activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Okba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Passent M Abdel Baki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Abu-Elghait
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amr M Shehabeldine
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Moshera M El-Sherei
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amal E Khaleel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr st., Shibin Elkom, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Fan C, Chi Z, Bai M, Sun L, Yang L, Yu C, Song Z, Yang X, Yi J, Wang S, Liu L, Wang G, Zheng L. Ursolic Acid Targets Glucosyltransferase and Inhibits Its Activity to Prevent Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:743305. [PMID: 34646258 PMCID: PMC8503646 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.743305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), the prime pathogen of dental caries, can secrete glucosyltransferases (GTFs) to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs), which are the virulence determinants of cariogenic biofilms. Ursolic acid, a type of pentacyclic triterpene natural compound, has shown potential antibiofilm effects on S. mutans. To investigate the mechanisms of ursolic acid-mediated inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation, we first demonstrated that ursolic acid could decrease the viability and structural integrity of biofilms, as evidenced by XTT, crystal violet, and live/dead staining assays. Then, we further revealed that ursolic acid could compete with the inherent substrate to occupy the catalytic center of GTFs to inhibit EPS formation, and this was confirmed by GTF activity assays, computer simulations, site-directed mutagenesis, and capillary electrophoresis (CE). In conclusion, ursolic acid can decrease bacterial viability and prevent S. mutans biofilm formation by binding and inhibiting the activity of GTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine Products, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmei Chi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Luguo Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine Products, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenbo Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine Products, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingwen Yi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine Products, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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He J, Liang D, Liang Y, Zuo S, Zhao W. [Design, screening and antibacterial activity evaluation of the novel antibacterial peptide KR-1]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:923-930. [PMID: 34238746 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.06.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design novel antimicrobial peptides with high activity and low toxicity and evaluate their effect against Streptococcus mutans and other oral bacteria for prevention and treatment of dental caries. OBJECTIVE We synthesized two antimicrobial peptides (KR-1 and KR-2) using Dhvar4 (a histatins5 mimic) as the template. The antimicrobial peptides with high activity and low toxicity were screened using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, hemolysis test, and CCK-8 assay. Streptococcus mutans biofilms cultured in 96-well plates were divided into experimental group (KR-1) and positive control group (CHX) and treated with concentration gradients (0.6×, 0.8×, 1× and 2× MICs) of KR-1 and CHX, respectively. Crystal violet staining was used for quantitative analysis of the changes of the biofilms after the treatments. The structural changes of the biofilms were observed with laser confocal microscopy after KR-1 treatment at 10 × MIC. The antimicrobial activity of KR-1 against oral Streptococcus was analyzed based on the time required for sterilization after KR-1 treatment. OBJECTIVE The MIC of KR-1 and KR-2 for S. mutans was 3.2 μmol/L and 12.8 μmol/L, respectively. Under the effective concentration, KR-1 and KR-2 resulted in hemolysis rates of 0.35% and 48.8% in rabbit red blood cells and lowered the survival rates of gingival fibroblasts to 88.7% and 21.94%, respectively. KR-1 treatment significantly reduced biofilm formation with a minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC50) lower than 1.92 μmol/L, and showed an even stronger antimicrobial than CHX at the concentration of 2.56 μmol/L (P=0.001). Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the biofilm structure became loosened after KR-1 treatment, which was capable of killing about 90% of the bacteria within 5 min. OBJECTIVE The antimicrobial peptide KR-1 has a stronger antibacterial activity and a low toxicity with a good inhibitory effect against S. mutans biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J He
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - D Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Y Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - S Zuo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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El-Mowafy M, Elgaml A, Shaaban M. New Approaches for Competing Microbial Resistance and Virulence. Microorganisms 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Sharma A, Biharee A, Kumar A, Jaitak V. Antimicrobial Terpenoids as a Potential Substitute in Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1476-1494. [PMID: 32433003 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200520103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There was a golden era where everyone thought that microbes can no longer establish threat to humans but the time has come where microbes are proposing strong resistance against the majority of antimicrobials. Over the years, the inappropriate use and easy availability of antimicrobials have made antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to emerge as the world's third leading cause of death. Microorganisms over the time span have acquired resistance through various mechanisms such as efflux pump, transfer through plasmids causing mutation, changing antimicrobial site of action, or modifying the antimicrobial which will lead to become AMR as the main cause of death worldwide by 2030. In order to overcome the emerging resistance against majority of antimicrobials, there is a need to uncover drugs from plants because they have proved to be effective antimicrobials due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids. Terpenoids abundant in nature are produced in response to microbial attack have huge potential against various microorganisms through diverse mechanisms such as membrane disruption, anti-quorum sensing, inhibition of protein synthesis and ATP. New approaches like combination therapy of terpenoids and antimicrobials have increased the potency of treatment against various multidrug resistant microorganisms by showing synergism to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| | - Avadh Biharee
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
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Mukhia S, Mandal P, Singh DK, Singh D. Comparison of pharmacological properties and phytochemical constituents of in vitro propagated and naturally occurring liverwort Lunularia cruciata. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:181. [PMID: 31337381 PMCID: PMC6651967 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Study of phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of bryophytes has been neglected for a long time because of the three main reasons i.e. (i) difficulty in collection in large amount for analysis; (ii) their availablility only in particular season and (iii) their restricted geographic distribution. So, the aim of this work was to propagate Lunularia cruciata under in vitro condition for comparing its pharmacological properties and phytocmecial constituents with naturally grown counterparts. METHOD Axenic culture of L. cruciata was established by propagating gemmae under in vitro condition. Appropriate culture conditions, media, and the effect of hormones on growth and development were studied. The phytochemical composition was determined by GC-MS analysis and pharmacological activity was evaluated by assessing the antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities. For the antioxidant activity ABTS+ [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)], DPPH• (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and metal chelating assays were done and for evaluation of the in vitro anti-diabetic activity α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities were done. RESULT Growth of L. cruciata was recorded in half strength MS media. Benzylaminopurine (BAP: 2 mg/L) and 1-Naphtheleneacetic acid (NAA: 0.5 mg/L) were the successful hormonal combination. GC-MS analysis revealed the existence of nine key compounds in both in vitro and naturally grown L. cruciata. Result of antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity showed that in vitro grown L. cruciata has a more or less similar antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities as naturally grown ones. This result confirms the possibility of using in vitro grown plants in place of naturally grown plants for research and clinical purposes.
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Pontes EKU, Melo HM, Nogueira JWA, Firmino NCS, de Carvalho MG, Catunda Júnior FEA, Cavalcante TTA. Antibiofilm activity of the essential oil of citronella ( Cymbopogon nardus) and its major component, geraniol, on the bacterial biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:633-639. [PMID: 31093420 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0502-2/figures/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants with antimicrobial action have been investigated for uses against biofilms, among which, Cymbopogon nardus, citronella, stands out as a promising species. The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of the essential oil of C. nardus (EOCN) and geraniol on Gram-negative and positive bacteria from the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration and inhibition of biofilms. In the results, the EOCN produced a 41 mm halo on S. aureus, which was susceptible with MIC values of 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL for the EOCN and geraniol respectively, both with bactericidal effect. The antibiofilm action was confirmed, the EOCN and geraniol reduced the biofilm biomass of S. aureus up to 100% between 0.5 and 4 mg/mL concentrations. The reduction of cell viability was 0.25 and 1 mg/mL, of EOCN and geraniol, respectively. EOCN and geraniol were shown to be promising antibiotic against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hider Machado Melo
- Health Sciences Center, University Center UNINTA, Sobral, CE 62050-100 Brazil
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Pontes EKU, Melo HM, Nogueira JWA, Firmino NCS, de Carvalho MG, Catunda Júnior FEA, Cavalcante TTA. Antibiofilm activity of the essential oil of citronella ( Cymbopogon nardus) and its major component, geraniol, on the bacterial biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:633-639. [PMID: 31093420 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants with antimicrobial action have been investigated for uses against biofilms, among which, Cymbopogon nardus, citronella, stands out as a promising species. The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of the essential oil of C. nardus (EOCN) and geraniol on Gram-negative and positive bacteria from the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration and inhibition of biofilms. In the results, the EOCN produced a 41 mm halo on S. aureus, which was susceptible with MIC values of 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL for the EOCN and geraniol respectively, both with bactericidal effect. The antibiofilm action was confirmed, the EOCN and geraniol reduced the biofilm biomass of S. aureus up to 100% between 0.5 and 4 mg/mL concentrations. The reduction of cell viability was 0.25 and 1 mg/mL, of EOCN and geraniol, respectively. EOCN and geraniol were shown to be promising antibiotic against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hider Machado Melo
- Health Sciences Center, University Center UNINTA, Sobral, CE 62050-100 Brazil
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Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Cinnamomum Sp. Essential Oil and Cinnamaldehyde: Antimicrobial Activities. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018:7405736. [PMID: 29977171 PMCID: PMC6011056 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7405736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the activities of essential oils derived from the trunk bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (EOCz) and Cinnamomum cassia (EOCc) as well as cinnamaldehyde on bacterial biofilms of clinical interest. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the broth microdilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Antibiofilm activity was assessed by quantifying the biomass and determining the number of viable cells. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined. The results showed that the major component of EOCz and EOCc was cinnamaldehyde. For the assayed substances, biofilm biomasses were reduced by up to 99.9%, and Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli biofilms were sensitive to all of the concentrations and substances analysed. In cell viability tests, 2 mg/ml of cinnamaldehyde reduced the number of viable cells by 5.74 Log CFU/ml. EOCz, EOCc, and cinnamaldehyde exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. This work describes substances with potential use against infections caused by bacterial biofilms.
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Gartika M, Pramesti HT, Kurnia D, Satari MH. A terpenoid isolated from sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendans) bulb and its potential for the inhibition and eradication of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:151. [PMID: 29739390 PMCID: PMC5941495 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Dental caries remains a serious problem due to its detrimental effects on individual health and quality of life. The bulbs of Myrmecodia pendans (Merr & Perry), native plants of Papua, have been used as natural remedies for tumours, gout, diarrhoea, and fever. In this study, one of the active compounds of M. pendans was isolated, and its biological activity against the formation of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 biofilm was tested. Methods M. pendans was extracted with ethyl acetate using a Soxhlet apparatus. The extract was then separated, and chromatographic purification provided the isolated compound. The structure of the active compound was then characterized using UV, IR, NMR, and MS spectrometry. The obtained compound was added to S. mutans biofilms to determine the MBIC and MBEC values. Results The compound isolated from M. pendans was determined to be a labdane diterpene derivative with the formula C31H50O3. The MBIC value of the terpenoid towards the S. mutans biofilms was 50 ppm, and the MBEC value for the 1 min induction time was 40%. Conclusion The terpenoid extracted from M. pendans has the potential to be developed into an antibacterial agent particularly for preventing the formation of biofilms.
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Purification and Characterization of a Biofilm-Degradable Dextranase from a Marine Bacterium. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16020051. [PMID: 29414837 PMCID: PMC5852479 DOI: 10.3390/md16020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of a dextranase from a marine bacterium Catenovulum sp. (Cadex) to impede formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilms, a primary pathogen of dental caries, one of the most common human infectious diseases. Cadex was purified 29.6-fold and had a specific activity of 2309 U/mg protein and molecular weight of 75 kDa. Cadex showed maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 40 °C and was stable at temperatures under 30 °C and at pH ranging from 5.0 to 11.0. A metal ion and chemical dependency study showed that Mn2+ and Sr2+ exerted positive effects on Cadex, whereas Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ functioned as inhibitors. Several teeth rinsing product reagents, including carboxybenzene, ethanol, sodium fluoride, and xylitol were found to have no effects on Cadex activity. A substrate specificity study showed that Cadex specifically cleaved the α-1,6 glycosidic bond. Thin layer chromatogram and high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that the main hydrolysis products were isomaltoogligosaccharides. Crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that Cadex impeded the formation of S. mutans biofilm to some extent. In conclusion, Cadex from a marine bacterium was shown to be an alkaline and cold-adapted endo-type dextranase suitable for development of a novel marine agent for the treatment of dental caries.
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Akhalwaya S, van Vuuren S, Patel M. An in vitro investigation of indigenous South African medicinal plants used to treat oral infections. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:359-371. [PMID: 28888760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Over a 120 South African medicinal plants are used for the treatment of oral diseases. Despite the vast collection of antimicrobial studies being done on South African plants, there is still limited research on pathogens associated with oral infections. In consultation with the available ethnobotanical literature, this study investigates the antimicrobial efficacy of some South African medicinal plants against oral pathogens. AIM OF THE STUDY To provide a detailed account of the antimicrobial properties of selected South African medicinal plants used traditionally to treat oral infections. The effect on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and the toxicity profiles of these plants are also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 136 aqueous and organic extracts and six essential oils were prepared from 31 different plant species. These plant samples were screened for antimicrobial efficacy against nine oral pathogens using the micro-titre plate dilution assay. Plant extracts that were found to have noteworthy antimicrobial activity against S. mutans were further evaluated on the effect on S. mutans biofilm formation using the glass slide technique. The toxicity profiles of plant samples that were found to have noteworthy antimicrobial activity were evaluated using the brine shrimp lethality assay. RESULTS The organic extract of Cissampelos torulosa stems displayed the lowest MIC value of 0.05mg/mL against both Lactobacillus spp. This high antimicrobial activity was also observed with the organic extract of Spirostachys africana leaves against Candida albicans. In some instances, a direct relationship was found between the traditional use of the plant and the antimicrobial activity observed. For example, noteworthy activity (MIC < 1.00mg/mL) was observed against all three Candida spp. when tested against Clematis brachiata (leaves), a plant traditionally used to treat oral thrush. Englerophytum magalismonatanum stems displayed notable activity against both Streptococcus spp. (MIC 0.83mg/mL against S. mutans and MIC 0.67mg/mL against S. sanguis). Spirostachys africana leaves displayed the greatest anti-adherent properties against S. mutans biofilm formation at both 24 and 48h, reducing the biofilm by 97.56% and 86.58% respectively. The majority of plant samples tested in the brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) were considered safe, however, 13 plant samples were considered toxic, at a concentration of 1mg/mL. CONCLUSION Noteworthy antimicrobial activity for plants species such as C. brachiata and E. magalismonatnum provides validation for the traditional use of these plants. Spirostachys africana displayed the greatest reduction of adherent S. mutans cells. The BSLA results revealed that the majority of the plant samples were not toxic in nature. The findings from the results favour the potential use of these plants in treating oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal diseases and oral thrush.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Akhalwaya
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - M Patel
- Department of Oral Biological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Bouyahya A, Dakka N, Et-Touys A, Abrini J, Bakri Y. Medicinal plant products targeting quorum sensing for combating bacterial infections. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:729-743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Ho CSF, Ming Y, Foong KWC, Rosa V, Thuyen T, Seneviratne CJ. Streptococcus mutans forms xylitol-resistant biofilm on excess adhesive flash in novel ex-vivo orthodontic bracket model. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:669-677. [PMID: 28364889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During orthodontic bonding procedures, excess adhesive is invariably left on the tooth surface at the interface between the bracket and the enamel junction; it is called excess adhesive flash (EAF). We comparatively evaluated the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans on EAF produced by 2 adhesives and examined the therapeutic efficacy of xylitol on S mutans formed on EAF. METHODS First, we investigated the biofilm formation of S mutans on 3 orthodontic bracket types: stainless steel preadjusted edgewise, ceramic preadjusted edgewise, and stainless steel self-ligating. Subsequently, tooth-colored Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) and green Grengloo (Ormco, Glendora, Calif) adhesives were used for bonding ceramic brackets to extracted teeth. S mutans biofilms on EAF produced by the adhesives were studied using the crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy. Surface roughness and surface energy of the EAF were examined. The therapeutic efficacies of different concentrations of xylitol were tested on S mutans biofilms. RESULTS Significantly higher biofilms were formed on the ceramic preadjusted edgewise brackets (P = 0.003). Transbond XT had significantly higher S mutans biofilms compared with Grengloo surfaces (P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in surface roughness between Transbond XT and Grengloo surfaces (P >0.05). Surface energy of Transbond XT had a considerably smaller contact angle than did Grengloo, suggesting that Transbond XT is a more hydrophilic material. Xylitol at low concentrations had no significant effect on the reduction of S mutans biofilms on orthodontic adhesives (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive resulted in more S mutans biofilm compared with Grengloo adhesive on ceramic brackets. Surface energy seemed to play a more important role than surface roughness for the formation of S mutans biofilm on EAF. Xylitol does not appear to have a therapeutic effect on mature S mutans biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy S F Ho
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yue Ming
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin W C Foong
- Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Truong Thuyen
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chaminda J Seneviratne
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Mutheeswaran S, Kumar PS, Yuvaraj P, Duraipandiyan V, Abdullah Al-Dhabi N, Balakrishna K, Ignacimuthu S. Screening of some medicinal plants for anticariogenic activity: An investigation on bioactive constituents from Jatropha gossypifolia (L.) root. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Islam MT, da Mata AMOF, de Aguiar RPS, Paz MFCJ, de Alencar MVOB, Ferreira PMP, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA. Therapeutic Potential of Essential Oils Focusing on Diterpenes. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1420-44. [PMID: 27307034 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Among all plant derivates, essential oils (EOs) have gained the attention of many scientists. Diterpenes, a family of components present in some EO, are becoming a milestone in the EOs world. The goal of this review is to describe a scenario of diterpenes taking into health-consumption deportment. Previous studies revealed that diterpenes have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, cytotoxic, anticancer, antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, chemopreventive, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, immunostimulatory, organoprotective, antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, antiallergic, antiplatelet, antithrombotic, and antitoxin activities. In conclusion, diterpenes may be an immense featuring concern in pharmaceutical consumption from a drug discovery point of view. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Torequl Islam
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, 22-Shahid Mirza Lane (E), Academic Building-II, 1st floor, 739/A, Mehedibag Road, Mehedibag-4000, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Raí Pablo Sousa de Aguiar
- Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Marcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros de Alencar
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
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Tu H, Fan Y, Lv X, Han S, Zhou X, Zhang L. Activity of Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 against Oral Streptococci. Caries Res 2016; 50:48-61. [PMID: 26859135 DOI: 10.1159/000442898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the growth of cariogenic microorganisms such as oral streptococci is an adjunct therapy for caries-active individuals to prevent and treat caries. Here we investigated the antimicrobial activity of the synthetic amphipathic α- helical antimicrobial peptide GH12 (GLLWHLLHHLLH-NH2) against oral streptococci in vitro. Circular dichroism studies showed that GH12 takes on an α-helical conformation in the presence of membrane-mimicking solvents, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography studies showed that GH12 remains stable in saliva. The peptide showed bactericidal activity against oral streptococci, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 6.7 to 32.0 μg/ml. GH12 concentrations 4-fold higher than the minimum bactericidal concentration completely killed oral streptococci within 20 min. Treating oral streptococci with GH12 caused noticeable changes in bacterial viability and morphology based on confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Effects of GH12 on biofilm formation and on viability of mature biofilm were quantified by crystal violet staining and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. GH12 effectively inhibited biofilm formation and metabolic activity in biofilms of oral streptococci, especially S. mutans, S. sobrinus and S. salivarius. These results suggest that GH12 shows rapid and strong antimicrobial activity against oral streptococci in vitro, opening the door to preclinical and clinical studies to explore its potential for caries prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of an anti-leukemic diterpene natural product EBC-329 (1) has been accomplished starting from readily available 6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione (7). An efficient and general approach has been reported for the synthesis of EBC-329 in 13 steps with an overall yield of 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju S Thombal
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune-411008, India.
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Yang B, Huang J, Lin X, Liao S, Zhou X, Liu J, Wang J, Wang L, Liu Y. New Casbane Diterpenoids from the Hainan Soft CoralSinulariaSpecies. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Antimicrobial effect of the triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene on planktonic cells and biofilms from Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:729358. [PMID: 25093179 PMCID: PMC4100443 DOI: 10.1155/2014/729358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (CLF1), a triterpene isolated from Combretum leprosum Mart., in inhibiting the planktonic growth and biofilms of Gram positive bacteria Streptococcus mutans and S. mitis. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The antibiofilm potential was determined by quantifying total biomass and enumerating biofilm-entrapped viable bacteria. In addition, the acute toxicity of CLF1 on Artemia sp. nauplii was also determined. The results showed that CLF1 was able in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans and S. mitis with MIC and MBC of 7.8 μg/mL and 15.6 μg/mL, respectively. CLF1 was highly effective on biofilms of both bacteria. Only 7.8 μg/mL CLF1 was enough to inhibit by 97% and 90% biomass production of S. mutans and S. mitis, respectively. On the other hand, such effects were not evident on Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella oxytoca. The toxicity tests showed that the LC50 of CLF1 was 98.19 μg/mL. Therefore, CLF1 isolated from C. leprosum may constitute an important natural agent for the development of new therapies for caries and other infectious diseases caused by S. mutans and S. mitis.
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Barbieri DSV, Tonial F, Lopez PVA, Sales Maia BHLN, Santos GD, Ribas MO, Glienke C, Vicente VA. Antiadherent activity of Schinus terebinthifolius and Croton urucurana extracts on in vitro biofilm formation of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:887-96. [PMID: 24907518 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antiadherent property of crude, methanol and acetate methanol extract fractions from Schinus terebinthifolius and Croton urucurana in hydroalcoholic (HA) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solvents on in vitro biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans strains. DESIGN The minimal concentration of adherence (MICA) was determined to evaluate the antiadherent potential of extracts on the in vitro biofilm formation. The extracts of plants were subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) in order to detect what class of compounds was responsible for the antiadherent activity. Data were estimated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by Tukey test level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS Both plants demonstrated inhibition of S. mutans and C. albicans on in vitro biofilm formation. The biofilms of C. albicans were more efficiently inhibited by the S. terebinthifolius fraction of acetate-methanol and methanol in hydroalcoholic solvents (p<0.05). The S. mutans biofilms adherence was best inhibited by the S. terebinthifolius crude extract and its methanolic fraction, both in hydroalcoholic solvent (p<0.05). TLC of crude extracts and fractions of S. terebinthifolius detected the presence of several active compounds, including phenolic compounds, anthraquinones, terpenoids, and alkaloids. C. urucurana extracts confirmed activity for both microorganisms (p<0.05). However, higher concentrations were needed to achieve antiadherent activity, mainly to inhibit in vitro biofilm formation of C. albicans. CONCLUSION The antiadherent potential of both plants on in vitro biofilms formed by C. albicans and S. mutans were confirmed, suggesting the importance of studies about these extracts for therapeutic prevention of oral diseases associated with oral biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicler S V Barbieri
- Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Tonial
- Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patricia V A Lopez
- Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil; Tropical Medicine Institute, Assunção, Paraguay
| | | | - Germana D Santos
- Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marina O Ribas
- School of Health and Biological Sciences - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Vania A Vicente
- Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil; Fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil.
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Identification and Modulatory Activity Assessment of 2-Hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyacetophenone Isolated from Croton anisodontusMull. Arg.(Euphorbiaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The n-hexane extract of the stem bark of Croton anisodontus yielded 2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyacetophenone, a well-known substance, but isolated from this species for the first time. The antimicrobial and modulatory activities of the compound towards Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, C krusei and C tropicalis strains were assessed. Antibiotics such as amikacin, gentamicin and neomycin were used in a subinhibitory concentration. Significant activity was observed towards P. aeruginosa and S. aureus 358, with p < 0.001 in association with amikacin. The present results place C anisodontus as an alternative source of 2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyacetophenone with antibacterial potential.
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Brighenti FL, Salvador MJ, Delbem ACB, Delbem ÁCB, Oliveira MAC, Soares CP, Freitas LSF, Koga-Ito CY. Systematic screening of plant extracts from the Brazilian Pantanal with antimicrobial activity against bacteria with cariogenic relevance. Caries Res 2014; 48:353-60. [PMID: 24603299 DOI: 10.1159/000357225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study proposes a bioprospection methodology regarding the antimicrobial potential of plant extracts against bacteria with cariogenic relevance. Sixty extracts were obtained from ten plants--(1) Jatropha weddelliana, (2) Attalea phalerata, (3) Buchenavia tomentosa, (4) Croton doctoris, (5) Mouriri elliptica, (6) Mascagnia benthamiana, (7) Senna aculeata, (8) Unonopsis guatterioides, (9) Allagoptera leucocalyx and (10) Bactris glaucescens--using different extraction methods - (A) 70° ethanol 72 h/25°C, (B) water 5 min/100°C, (C) water 1 h/55°C, (D) water 72 h/25°C, (E) hexane 72 h/25°C and (F) 90° ethanol 72 h/25°C. The plants were screened for antibacterial activity at 50 mg/ml using the agar well diffusion test against Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Streptococcus gordonii ATCC 10558, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35688, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33478 and Streptococcus mitis ATCC 9811. The active extracts were tested to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), cytotoxicity and chemical characterization. Forty-seven extracts (78%) were active against at least one microorganism. Extract 4A demonstrated the lowest MIC and MBC for all microorganisms except S. gordonii and the extract at MIC concentration was non-cytotoxic. The concentrated extracts were slightly cytotoxic. Electrospray ionization with tandem mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that the extract constituents coincided with the mass of the terpenoids and phenolics. Overall, the best results were obtained for extraction methods A, B and C. The present work proved the antimicrobial activity of several plants. Particularly, extracts from C. doctoris were the most active against bacteria involved in dental caries disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Brighenti
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Melo I, Teixeira A, Sena Junior D, Santos H, Albuquerque M, Bandeira P, Rodrigues A, Braz-Filho R, Gusmão G, Silva J, Faria J, Bento R. FT-Raman and FTIR-ATR spectroscopies and DFT calculations of triterpene acetyl aleuritolic acid. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Trentin DS, Silva DB, Amaral MW, Zimmer KR, Silva MV, Lopes NP, Giordani RB, Macedo AJ. Tannins possessing bacteriostatic effect impair Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion and biofilm formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66257. [PMID: 23776646 PMCID: PMC3679062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants produce many compounds that are biologically active, either as part of their normal program of growth and development or in response to pathogen attack or stress. Traditionally, Anadenanthera colubrina, Commiphora leptophloeos and Myracrodruon urundeuva have been used by communities in the Brazilian Caatinga to treat several infectious diseases. The ability to impair bacterial adhesion represents an ideal strategy to combat bacterial pathogenesis, because of its importance in the early stages of the infectious process; thus, the search for anti-adherent compounds in plants is a very promising alternative. This study investigated the ability of stem-bark extracts from these three species to control the growth and prevent biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important opportunistic pathogen that adheres to surfaces and forms protective biofilms. A kinetic study (0–72 h) demonstrated that the growth of extract-treated bacteria was inhibited up to 9 h after incubation, suggesting a bacteriostatic activity. Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy showed both viable and nonviable cells, indicating bacterial membrane damage; crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that treatment strongly inhibited biofilm formation during 6 and 24 h and that matrix production remained impaired even after growth was restored, at 24 and 48 h of incubation. Herein, we propose that the identified (condensed and hydrolyzable) tannins are able to inhibit biofilm formation via bacteriostatic properties, damaging the bacterial membrane and hindering matrix production. Our findings demonstrate the importance of this abundant class of Natural Products in higher plants against one of the most challenging issues in the hospital setting: biofilm resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S. Trentin
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Denise B. Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Lychnoflora Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Produtos Naturais LTDA, Incubadora Supera, Campus da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus W. Amaral
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine R. Zimmer
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia V. Silva
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Norberto P. Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel B. Giordani
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre J. Macedo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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da Silva BR, de Freitas VAA, Carneiro VA, Arruda FVS, Lorenzón EN, de Aguiar ASW, Cilli EM, Cavada BS, Teixeira EH. Antimicrobial activity of the synthetic peptide Lys-a1 against oral streptococci. Peptides 2013; 42:78-83. [PMID: 23340019 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The peptide LYS-[TRP(6)]-Hy-A1 (Lys-a1) is a synthetic derivative of the peptide Hy-A1, initially isolated from the frog species Hypsiboas albopunctatus. According to previous research, it is a molecule with broad antimicrobial activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the synthetic peptide Lys-a1 (KIFGAIWPLALGALKNLIK-NH2) on the planktonic and biofilm growth of oral bacteria. The methods used to evaluate antimicrobial activity include the following: determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) in microtiter plates for growth in suspension and quantification of biomass by crystal violet staining and counting of colony forming units for biofilm growth. The microorganisms Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were grown in Brain Heart Infusion broth at 37°C under atmospheric pressure with 10% CO2. The peptide was solubilized in 0.1% acetic acid (v/v) at various concentrations (500-1.9 μg mL(-1)). Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% was used as the positive control, and BHI culture medium was used as the negative control. The tested peptide demonstrated a remarkable antimicrobial effect, inhibiting the planktonic and biofilm growth of all strains tested, even at low concentrations. Thus, the peptide Lys-a1 is an important source for potential antimicrobial agents, especially for the control and prevention of microbial biofilms, which is one of the most important factors in cariogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rocha da Silva
- BioMol Group/DPML/LIBS, Integrate Biomolecules Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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An ent-kaurane-type diterpene in Croton antisyphiliticus mart. Molecules 2012; 17:8851-8. [PMID: 22832886 PMCID: PMC6268975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17088851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Croton antisyphiliticus is a medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of microbial infections, especially those affecting the genital tract. Crude extract, fractions and pure compound isolated from roots of this species were investigated to validate their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The compound ent-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid was isolated as a major component (0.7% of crude extract), and its MIC value determined against S. aureus (ATCC 6538) was 250 μg/mL. This is the first phytochemical work on the species monitored with antimicrobial assay.
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