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Ceylan M, Schoenmaker T, Hogervorst JMA, Jansen IDC, Schimmel IM, Prins CM, Laine ML, de Vries TJ. Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Gingival Fibroblasts Inhibits Osteoclast Formation. Cells 2024; 13:1090. [PMID: 38994943 PMCID: PMC11240541 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) can differentiate into osteoblast-like cells and induce osteoclast precursors to differentiate into osteoclasts. As it is unclear whether these two processes influence each other, we investigated how osteogenic differentiation of GFs affects their osteoclast-inducing capacity. To establish step-wise mineralization, GFs were cultured in four groups for 3 weeks, without or with osteogenic medium for the final 1, 2, or all 3 weeks. The mineralization was assessed by ALP activity, calcium concentration, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Alizarin Red staining, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). To induce osteoclast differentiation, these cultures were then co-cultured for a further 3 weeks with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) containing osteoclast precursors. Osteoclast formation was assessed at different timepoints with qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), TRAcP activity, and staining. ALP activity and calcium concentration increased significantly over time. As confirmed with the Alizarin Red staining, SEM images showed that the mineralization process occurred over time. Osteoclast numbers decreased in the GF cultures that had undergone osteogenesis. TNF-α secretion, a costimulatory molecule for osteoclast differentiation, was highest in the control group. GFs can differentiate into osteoblast-like cells and their degree of differentiation reduces their osteoclast-inducing capacity, indicating that, with appropriate stimulation, GFs could be used in regenerative periodontal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Ceylan
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M A Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke D C Jansen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M Schimmel
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caya M Prins
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja L Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Lee SK, Choi BK, Lee DR, Park JH, Oh JS. Magnolia kobus Extract Suppresses Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine and MMP Expression in HGF-1 Cells and Regulates Osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4875-4890. [PMID: 37367059 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical prevention is of utmost importance for the management of periodontal diseases. Periodontal disease starts with an inflammatory response in the gingival tissue, and results in alveolar bone destruction and subsequent tooth loss. This study aimed to confirm the anti-periodontitis effects of MKE. To confirm this, we studied its mechanism of action using qPCR and WB in LPS-treated HGF-1 cells and RANKL-induced osteoclasts. We found that MKE suppressed proinflammatory cytokine protein expression by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in LPS-PG-induced HGF-1 cells and blocking ECM degradation by regulating the expression of TIMPs and MMPs. We also confirmed that TRAP activity and multinucleated cell formation were reduced in RANKL-stimulated osteoclasts after exposure to MKE. These results were confirmed by inhibiting TRAF6/MAPK expression, which led to the suppression of NFATc1, CTSK, TRAP, and MMP expression at the gene and protein levels. Our results confirmed that MKE is a promising candidate for the management of periodontal disease based on its anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of ECM degradation and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Lee
- NUON Co., Ltd., Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13201, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Lee
- NUON Co., Ltd., Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13201, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwon Lee
- NUON Co., Ltd., Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13201, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Keun Choi
- NUON Co., Ltd., Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13201, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ryung Lee
- NUON Co., Ltd., Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13201, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joa Sub Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Wielento A, Lagosz-Cwik K, Potempa J, Grabiec A. The Role of Gingival Fibroblasts in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2023; 102:489-496. [PMID: 36883660 PMCID: PMC10249005 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231151921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) are essential components of the periodontium, which are responsible for the maintenance of tissue structure and integrity. However, the physiological role of GFs is not restricted to the production and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. GFs also act as sentinel cells that modulate the immune response to oral pathogens invading the gingival tissue. As an important "nonclassical" component of the innate immune system, GFs respond to bacteria and damage-related signals by producing cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. Although the activation of GFs supports the elimination of invading bacteria and the resolution of inflammation, their uncontrolled or excessive activation may promote inflammation and bone destruction. This occurs in periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium initiated and sustained by dysbiosis. In the inflamed gingival tissue, GFs acquire imprinted proinflammatory phenotypes that promote the growth of inflammophilic pathogens, stimulate osteoclastogenesis, and contribute to the chronicity of inflammation. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of GFs in healthy and inflamed gingival tissue, highlighting recent studies that provide insight into their role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. We also draw parallels with the recently discovered fibroblast populations identified in other tissues and their roles in health and disease. This knowledge should be used in future studies to discover more about the role of GFs in periodontal diseases, especially chronic periodontitis, and to identify therapeutic strategies targeting their pathological interactions with oral pathogens and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wielento
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - K.B. Lagosz-Cwik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - J. Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - A.M. Grabiec
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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4
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Liu J, Wang X, Zheng M, Luan Q. Oxidative stress in human gingival fibroblasts from periodontitis versus healthy counterparts. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1214-1225. [PMID: 34905275 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated p53 promotes oxidative stress and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in liposaccharide (LPS)-treated healthy human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). This study compared oxidative stress, production of inflammatory cytokines, and p53 expression in HGFs from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and healthy subjects in vitro upon LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis challenge. METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts were isolated from 6 biopsies-3 from healthy donors and 3 from diseased area in CP (Grade B, Stage III). HGFs were cultured with or without 1 μg/ml 24 h LPS. Oxidative stress was assessed by analyzing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration were determined by immunofluorescence and respirometry, respectively. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. P53 expression was monitored by Western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Human gingival fibroblasts from CP exhibited increased levels of mitochondrial p53, enhanced ROS production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and increased secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as compared to HGFs from healthy donors. Moreover, LPS exacerbated these changes. CONCLUSION Human gingival fibroblasts from CP exhibited stronger basal and LPS-inducible oxidative stress and inflammatory response as compared to HGFs from healthy subjects by increased p53 in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Han I, Song IS, Choi SA, Lee T, Yusupov M, Shaw P, Bogaerts A, Choi EH, Ryu JJ. Bioactive Nonthermal Biocompatible Plasma Enhances Migration on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2200527. [PMID: 36373222 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study hypothesizes that the application of low-dose nonthermal biocompatible dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD-NBP) to human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) will inhibit colony formation but not cell death and induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and subsequent cell migration, which can result in enhanced wound healing. HGFs treated with plasma for 3 min migrate to each other across the gap faster than those in the control and 5-min treatment groups on days 1 and 3. The plasma-treated HGFs show significantly high expression levels of the cell cycle arrest-related p21 gene and enhanced MMP activity. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mediated attenuation of wound healing or actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, and plasma-mediated reversal of this attenuation support the migratory effect of DBD-NBP. Further, this work performs computer simulations to investigate the effect of oxidation on the stability and conformation of the catalytic kinase domain (KD) of FAK. It is found that the oxidation of highly reactive amino acids (AAs) Cys427, Met442, Cys559, Met571, Met617, and Met643 changes the conformation and increases the structural flexibility of the FAK protein and thus modulates its function and activity. Low-dose DBD-NBP-induces host cell cycle arrest, ECM breakdown, and subsequent migration, thus contributing to the enhanced wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihn Han
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.,Department of Plasma Bio-Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea
| | - In-Seok Song
- Department of Dentistry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Taebok Lee
- Confocal Core Facility, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03082, Korea
| | - Maksudbek Yusupov
- Research group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium
| | - Priyanka Shaw
- Research group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jun Ryu
- Department of Dentistry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Lee JY, Park JY, Kim Y, Kang CH. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4706 Suppresses Periodontitis in Osteoclasts, Inflammation-Inducing Cells, and Ligature-Induced Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224869. [PMID: 36432555 PMCID: PMC9694000 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by tooth loss due to inflammation and the loss of alveolar bone. Periodontitis is closely related to various systemic diseases and is emerging as a global health problem. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in vitro on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) LPS-activated RAW264.7 and human gingival fibroblasts-1 (HGF-1) cells and the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of LAB on RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. All LAB strains (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4706, MG4709, and MG4711) inhibited nitric oxide (NO)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in P. gingivalis LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8 and MMP-9) in HGF-1 cells. In addition, LAB treatment inhibited osteoclastogenesis by reducing tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and cathepsin K (CtsK) through the downregulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and c-fos gene expression in RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. Administration of MG4706 alleviated alveolar bone loss indices and reduced the gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-8, MMP-9, and RANKL/OPG ratio in gingival tissue. In conclusion, L. rhamnosus MG4706 has the potential to alleviate periodontitis.
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Blancas-Luciano BE, Becker-Fauser I, Zamora-Chimal J, Delgado-Domínguez J, Ruíz-Remigio A, Leyva-Huerta ER, Portilla-Robertson J, Fernández-Presas AM. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of Cystatin C on human gingival fibroblast incubated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14232. [PMID: 36312752 PMCID: PMC9615962 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is considered one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases, often leading to the disruption of tooth-supporting tissues, including alveolar bone, causing tooth mobility and loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered the major etiological agent of this disease, having a plethora of virulence factors, including, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), hemolysins, and proteinases. Antimicrobial peptides are one of the main components of the innate immune response that inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis. The aim of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial activity of cystatin C and to assess the effect on the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, the production of reactive oxygen species, and in the release of nitric oxide by human gingival fibroblasts incubated with P. gingivalis in the presence and absence of cystatin C. Methods P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 was exposed to cystatin C for 24h and co-cultured with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) ATCC CRL-2014. The effect of cystatin on growth of P. gingivalis and HGFs was evaluated. Pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were determined by ELISA in the supernatants of HGFs incubated with P. gingivalis exposed to cystatin C. Additionally, nitrites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated. Results Cystatin Cinhibited the growth of P. gingivalis without affecting HGFs. Incubation of HGFs with P. gingivalis led to a significant increase of TNF-α and IL-1β. In contrast, HGFs incubated with P. gingivalis exposed to cystatin C showed a decreased production of both cytokines, whereas IL-10 was enhanced. Incubation of HGFs with P. gingivalis led to an increase of nitric oxide (NO) and ROS production, which was reduced in the presence of the peptide. Conclusions Cystatin C inhibits the growth of P. gingivalis and decreases the inflammatory cytokines, ROS, and NO production during infection of HGFs with P. gingivalis. Knowledge on the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of cystatin C could aid in the design of new therapeutic approaches to facilitate the elimination of this bacterium to improve the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingeborg Becker-Fauser
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Jaime Zamora-Chimal
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - José Delgado-Domínguez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Adriana Ruíz-Remigio
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Elba Rosa Leyva-Huerta
- Departmento de Medicina Oral y Patología, División de Posgrado, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Javier Portilla-Robertson
- Departmento de Medicina Oral y Patología, División de Posgrado, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Ana María Fernández-Presas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México,Centro de investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Mexico City, México
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Ha DY, Jung JS, Choi GH, Ji S. Polarization of human gingival fibroblasts by Th1-, Th2-, Th17-, and Treg-derived cytokines. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:487-501. [PMID: 35212397 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether gingival fibroblasts (GFs) can be differently activated and polarized into distinct functional subtypes by T-helper (Th) cytokines. METHODS Gingival fibroblasts were stimulated with interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, representative cytokines of Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells, respectively, and the gene expression profiles were analyzed by microarray. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GFs stimulated by 4 cytokines were screened, and a gene ontology (GO) analysis of the DEGs was conducted. To confirm the reliability of the microarray results, the DEGs that showed the largest differences compared with non-stimulated GFs were further analyzed by RT-PCR. To evaluate the effect of polarization on GFs responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), GFs stimulated by 4 cytokines were further stimulated with Escherichia coli LPS and mRNA levels of several genes were analyzed using RT-PCR. RESULTS Differentially expressed genes by 4 Th cytokines were enriched in different GO terms, and the patterns of gene expression on GFs were shown functionally different. GFs stimulated with IFN-γ (GF(IFN-γ)) up-regulated the expression of chemokines (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)9, -10, -11, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)8), molecules involved in antigen presentation, complement component 3 (C3), and other immune response-related molecules, whereas they down-regulated the expression of several types of collagen, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and DNA replication and nuclear protein-related molecules. By contrast, GF(IL-4) up-regulated the expression of ECM components, cell adhesion molecules, and tissue development-related molecules and down-regulated the expression of chemokines (CXCL10 and CXCL8) and adaptive immune response-related molecules. GF(IL-17) up-regulated the expression of chemokines and other molecules for neutrophil infiltration and activation, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and C3. GF(TGF-β) up-regulated the expression of cell growth-related molecules, ECM components, several types of collagen, and cell adhesion molecules and down-regulated the expression of molecules related to complement activation and bacterial recognition. GFs stimulated by 4 cytokines responded differently to LPS. CONCLUSION These results show that Th cytokines can polarize GFs into cells with functionally distinct features: immune-activating but tissue-destructive GF(IFN-γ), tissue-reparative, and immune-inhibiting GF(IL-4), highly pro-inflammatory GF(IL-17), and potent tissue-reparative GF(TGF-β).
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Ha
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Geum Hee Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Suk Ji
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Makkar H, Atkuru S, Tang YL, Sethi T, Lim CT, Tan KS, Sriram G. Differential immune responses of 3D gingival and periodontal connective tissue equivalents to microbial colonization. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221111650. [PMID: 35923175 PMCID: PMC9340411 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts are functionally distinct cell
types within the dento-gingival unit that participate in host immune response.
Their microenvironment influences the behavior and immune response to microbial
challenge. We developed three-dimensional gingival and periodontal connective
tissue equivalents (CTEs) using human fibrin-based matrix. The CTEs were
characterized, and the heterogeneity in their innate immune response was
investigated. The CTEs demonstrated no to minimal response to planktonic
Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus
oralis, while their biofilms elicited a moderate increase in IL-6
and IL-8 production. In contrast, Fusobacterium nucleatum
provoked a substantial increase in IL-6 and IL-8 production. Interestingly, the
gingival CTEs secreted significantly higher IL-6, while periodontal counterparts
produced higher IL-8. In conclusion, the gingival and periodontal CTEs exhibited
differential responses to various bacterial challenges. This gives insights into
the contribution of tissue topography and fibroblast heterogeneity in rendering
protective and specific immune responses toward early biofilm colonizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Makkar
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srividya Atkuru
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Ling Tang
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tanya Sethi
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Soo Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Yuan L, Li M, Zhang Z, Li W, Jin W, Wang M. Camostat mesilate inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and improves cell viability by regulating MFGE8 and HMGN1 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12053. [PMID: 34527443 PMCID: PMC8403478 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Camostat mesilate (CM) possesses potential anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it remains unknown whether CM is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory responses and cell injury. In this project, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, fold change ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83 and Q value ≤ 0.05) in response to LPS stimulation alone or in combination with CM were identified through tandem mass tags (TMT)/mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics analysis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. The mRNA expression levels of filtered genes were determined by RT-qPCR assay. The results showed that CM alleviated the detrimental effect of LPS on cell viability and inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 secretions in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. A total of 141 DEPs that might be involved in mediating functions of both LPS and CM were identified by proteomics analysis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. LPS inhibited milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing (MFGE8) expression and induced high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1 (HMGN1) expression, while these effects were abrogated by CM in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. MFGE8 knockdown facilitated TNF-α and IL-6 secretions , reduced cell viability, stimulated cell apoptosis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts co-treated with LPS and CM. HMGN1 loss did not influence TNF-α and IL-6 secretions, cell viability, and cell apoptosis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts co-treated with LPS and CM. In conclusion, CM exerted anti-inflammatory and pro-survival activities by regulating MFGE8 in LPS-stimulated DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts, deepening our understanding of the roles and molecular basis of CM in protecting against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Longting District, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhishuai Zhang
- Henan Institute of Animal Health Supervision, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wanli Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mingfa Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Eggers B, Marciniak J, Memmert S, Wagner G, Deschner J, Kramer FJ, Nokhbehsaim M. Influences of cold atmospheric plasma on apoptosis related molecules in osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Head Face Med 2021; 17:37. [PMID: 34479596 PMCID: PMC8414668 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has recently been identified as a novel therapeutic strategy for supporting processes of wound healing. Since CAP is additionally known to kill malignant cells, our study intends to determine the influence of CAP on crucial molecules involved in the molecular mechanism of apoptosis in osteoblast-like cells. Methods Human osteoblast-like cells were CAP-treated for 30 and 60 s. CAP effects on critical factors related to apoptosis were studied at transcriptional and protein level using real time-PCR, immunofluorescence staining and western blot. Phalloidin / DAPI staining was used for analyzing the cell morphology. In addition, apoptotic outcomes of CAP were displayed using flow cytometry analysis. For studying intracellular signaling pathways, MAP kinase MEK 1/2 and PI3K were blocked. Finally, the effects of CAP on caspase-3 activity were examined using a caspase-3 assay. Results CAP treatment resulted in a significant downregulation of p53 and apoptotic protease activating factor (APAF)-1, caspase (CASP)9, CASP3, BCL2 Antagonist/Killer (BAK)1, and B-Cell Lymphoma (BCL)2 mRNA expression at 1 d. An inhibitory effect of CAP on apoptotic genes was also shown under inflammatory and apoptotic conditions. Nuclear translocation of p53 was determined in CAP treated cells at the early and late stage, after 15 min, 30 min, and 1 h. p53 and APAF-1 protein levels were reduced at 1 d, visualized by immunofluorescence and western blot, respectively. Moreover, a morphological cytoskeleton modification was observed after CAP treatment at 1 d. Further, both CAP-treated and untreated (control) cells remained equally vital as detected by flow cytometry analysis. Interestingly, CAP-associated downregulation of CASP9 and CASP3 mRNA gene expression was also visible after blocking MAP kinase and PI3K. Finally, CAP led to a decrease in CASP3 activity in osteoblast-like cells under normal and apoptotic conditions. Conclusions Our in vitro-study demonstrated, that CAP decreases apoptosis related molecules in osteoblast-like cells, underlining a beneficial effect on hard-tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Eggers
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jana Marciniak
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Svenja Memmert
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunar Wagner
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Kramer
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
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12
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Jang JY, Choi GH, Ji S. IFN-γ or IL-4 polarization impacts the response of gingival fibroblasts to oral bacteria. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:462-470. [PMID: 33400271 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We previously reported that gingival fibroblasts (GFs) can be polarized into functionally distinct subtypes, immune-activating but tissue-destructive or tissue-reparative, in response to T helper (Th1) and Th2 stimuli, respectively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of polarization on GFs responses to oral bacteria. METHODS Unprimed (GF(-)) and IFN-γ (GF(IFN-γ)) or IL-4 primed (GF(IL-4)) GFs were stimulated with live Fusobacterium nucleatum or Porphyromonas gingivalis. The mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-4, LPS-recognizing components (Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, CD14), molecules involved in antigen presentation (human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-ABC, HLA-DP, CD74, CD40), chemokines (C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)10, CXCL11, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20)), collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and the protein levels of IL-1β, CD14, CXCL11, CCL20, and COL1A1 accumulated in supernatants were analyzed using real-time PCR and ELISA. RESULTS In response to oral bacteria, the GF(IFN-γ) significantly upregulated the expression of LPS-recognizing components, molecules involved in antigen presentation, CXCL10, and CXCL11, whereas the levels of IL-4 and COL1A1 were downregulated, compared with GF(-). The levels of IL-1β, CCL20, and MMP-1 from GF(IFN-γ) were differently regulated between both bacteria; F. nucleatum was synergistically upregulated, but P. gingivalis was downregulated. The GF(IL-4) stimulated with both bacteria upregulated the levels of IL-4, whereas the levels of TLR4 and chemokines were downregulated, compared with GF(-). The regulation of IL-1β, CD14, CXCL11, CCL20, and COL1A1 proteins showed a similar tendency with mRNA regulation. CONCLUSION Polarization of GFs with IFN-γ or IL-4 affected the way that GFs responded to oral bacteria through up or downregulation of inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Jang
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Geum Hee Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Suk Ji
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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13
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Jurdziński KT, Potempa J, Grabiec AM. Epigenetic regulation of inflammation in periodontitis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:186. [PMID: 33256844 PMCID: PMC7706209 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, namely DNA and histone modifications, are critical regulators of immunity and inflammation which have emerged as potential targets for immunomodulating therapies. The prevalence and significant morbidity of periodontitis, in combination with accumulating evidence that genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors cannot fully explain the susceptibility of individuals to disease development, have driven interest in epigenetic regulation as an important factor in periodontitis pathogenesis. Aberrant promoter methylation profiles of genes involved in inflammatory activation, including TLR2, PTGS2, IFNG, IL6, IL8, and TNF, have been observed in the gingival tissue, peripheral blood or buccal mucosa from patients with periodontitis, correlating with changes in expression and disease severity. The expression of enzymes that regulate histone acetylation, in particular histone deacetylases (HDACs), is also dysregulated in periodontitis-affected gingival tissue. Infection of gingival epithelial cells, gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells with the oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis or Treponema denticola induces alterations in expression and activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes, as well as site-specific and global changes in DNA methylation profiles and in histone acetylation and methylation marks. These epigenetic changes are associated with excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and matrix-degrading enzymes that can be suppressed by small molecule inhibitors of HDACs (HDACi) or DNA methyltransferases. HDACi and inhibitors of bromodomain-containing BET proteins ameliorate inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, and alveolar bone resorption in animal models of periodontitis, suggesting their clinical potential as host modulation therapeutic agents. However, broader application of epigenomic methods will be required to create a comprehensive map of epigenetic changes in periodontitis. The integration of functional studies with global analyses of the epigenetic landscape will provide critical information on the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of epigenetics in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof T Jurdziński
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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14
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Medara N, Lenzo JC, Walsh KA, Reynolds EC, Darby IB, O'Brien-Simpson NM. A review of T helper 17 cell-related cytokines in serum and saliva in periodontitis. Cytokine 2020; 138:155340. [PMID: 33144024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex underlying immunopathology. Cytokines, as molecular mediators of inflammation, play a role in all stages of disease progression. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are thought to play a role in periodontitis. Th17 cell development and maintenance requires a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, with many of the cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Serum and saliva are easily accessible biofluids which can represent the systemic and local environment to promote the development of Th17 cells. Here we review human clinical studies that investigate IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IFN-γ, sCD40L and TNF-α in serum and saliva in periodontitis. We highlight their putative role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and place them within a wider context of animal and other clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Medara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Jason C Lenzo
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Katrina A Walsh
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Lance Townsend Building, Level 8, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Ivan B Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
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15
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Structure-activity relationship of diameter controlled Ag@Cu nanoparticles in broad-spectrum antibacterial mechanism. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111501. [PMID: 33321601 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Current outbreaks associated with drug-resistant clinical strains are demanding for the development of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. The bactericidal materials should be eco-friendly, economical and effective to suppress bacterial growth. Thus, in this work, diameter controlled spherical Cucore-Agshell nanoparticles (Ag@CuNPs) with diameter ranging from 70 to 100 nm by one-step co-reduction approach were designed and synthesized. The Ag@CuNPs were homogenous, stable, and positively charged. The 70 nm Ag@CuNPs showed a consistent and regular Ag shielding. We observed the 100 nm Ag@CuNPs achieved symmetrical doped Ag clusters on the Cu core surface. We used Gram-positive and Gram-negative models strains to test the wide-spectrum antibacterial activity. The Ag@CuNPs showed detrimental microbial viability in a dose-dependent manner; however, 70 nm Ag@CuNPs were superior to those of 100 nm Ag@CuNPs. Initially, Ag@CuNPs attached and translocated the membrane surface resulting in bacterial eradication. Our analyses exhibited that antibacterial mechanism was not governed by the bacterial genre, nonetheless, by cell type, morphology, growing ability and the NPs uptake capability. The Ag@CuNPs were highly tolerated by human fibroblasts, mainly by the use of starch as glucosidic capper and stabilizer, suggesting optimal biocompatibility and activity. The Ag@CuNPs open up a novel platform to study the potential action of bimetallic nanoparticles and their molecular role for biomedical, clinical, hospital and industrial-chemical applications.
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16
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Ramadan DE, Hariyani N, Indrawati R, Ridwan RD, Diyatri I. Cytokines and Chemokines in Periodontitis. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:483-495. [PMID: 32575137 PMCID: PMC7440949 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory periodontal disease affecting a wide range of population all over the world. The causing bacteria releases chemicals which activate the innate immune system to release proinflammatory cytokines contributing to more progression. This activates the acquired immune system leading to more progression of periodontitis. As the immune response goes on, released cytokines and chemokines can damage the periodontal ligaments, gingiva, and alveolar bone. There are many types of cytokines and chemokines in periodontitis. Cytokines are peptide mediators who are responsible for cell signaling and communication. Chemokines are a large subfamily of cytokines having the ability to coordinate leukocyte recruitment and activation. This paper is a narrative review of the literature.This review ensures that inflammatory mediators in the case of periodontitis can cause a noticeable damage in the whole apparatus of the periodontium. It causes soft tissue inflammation and bone damage affected by the mediators of both innate and acquired immune system.The inflammatory process is accompanied by large network of cytokines and chemokines. There is high expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and regulatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-1(RA) receptor antagonist, IL-10, and induced protein (IP)-10. There is also increased production of cytokines IL-10, IL-12, interferon-γ, IP-10, IL-1RA, and IL-4. Cytokines IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and prostaglandin E
2
trigger the osteoclast activity causing bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Elsayed Ramadan
- Dental Health Science Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ninuk Hariyani
- Dental Health Science Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Retno Indrawati
- Dental Health Science Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rini Devijanti Ridwan
- Dental Health Science Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Indeswati Diyatri
- Dental Health Science Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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17
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Interleukin 1β and Prostaglandin E2 affect expression of DNA methylating and demethylating enzymes in human gingival fibroblasts. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:105920. [PMID: 31810887 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory condition that results in increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. In addition to oral disease and tooth loss, it also causes low-grade systemic inflammation that contributes to development of systemic conditions including cardiovascular disease, pre-term birth, diabetes and cancer. Chronic inflammation is associated with epigenetic change, and it has been suggested that such changes can alter cell phenotypes in ways that contribute to both ongoing inflammation and development of associated pathologies. Here we show that exposure of human gingival fibroblasts to IL-1β increases expression of maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1 but decreases expression of de novo methyltransferase DNMT3a and the demethylating enzyme TET1, while exposure to PGE2 decreases expression of all three enzymes. IL-1β and PGE2 both affect global levels of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, as well as methylation of some specific CpG in inflammation-associated genes. The effects of IL-1β are independent of its ability to induce production of PGE2, and the effects of PGE2 on DNMT3a expression are mediated by the EP4 receptor. The finding that exposure of fibroblasts to IL-1β and PGE2 can result in altered expression of DNA methylating/demethylating enzymes and in changing patterns of DNA methylation suggests a mechanism through which inflammatory mediators might contribute to the increased risk of carcinogenesis associated with inflammation.
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18
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Bletsa A, Abdalla H, Løes S, Berggreen E. Lymphatic growth factors are expressed in human gingiva and upregulated in gingival fibroblasts after stimulation. J Periodontol 2019. [PMID: 29520843 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lymphatic growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and -D are important for maintenance and growth of lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis), but their localization in human gingiva is unknown. This study investigated the expression of VEGF-C and -D in human gingiva and isolated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). In addition, the localization of their main receptor VEGFR-3 was explored. METHODS Non-inflamed gingiva from six donors was used for immunohistochemistry or isolation of HGFs. HGFs were stimulated with either E.coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) complex for 1, 6, and 24 hours. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify the relative changes in gene expression of VEGF-A, -C, and -D and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantification of protein levels. RESULTS VEGF-C, -D and VEGFR-3 were seen in keratinocytes, blood vessels and in scattered single cells in gingiva. VEGFR-3 was also found in lymphatic vessels and VEGF-C in cells with fibroblastic appearance. Gene analysis showed no expression of VEGF-D in the HGFs, but showed constitutive expression of VEGF-C and -A. Stimulation of HGFs with LPS or IL-6/sIL-6R complex was followed by gene upregulation of VEGF-C and -A and increased protein levels in cell culture supernatant (P ≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS The localization of VEGF-C, -D, and VEGFR-3 expression imply that signaling via VEGFR-3 is linked to vascular homeostasis and keratinocyte function under normal conditions in gingiva. Inflammatory stimulation of HGFs upregulates VEGF-C and -A expression and may contribute to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Bletsa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway.,Oral Health Center of Expertise, Western Norway, Hordaland County, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Sigbjørn Løes
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ellen Berggreen
- Oral Health Center of Expertise, Western Norway, Hordaland County, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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19
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Lagosz KB, Bysiek A, Macina JM, Bereta GP, Kantorowicz M, Lipska W, Sochalska M, Gawron K, Kaczmarzyk T, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M, Fossati G, Potempa J, Grabiec AM. HDAC3 Regulates Gingival Fibroblast Inflammatory Responses in Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2019; 99:98-106. [PMID: 31693860 PMCID: PMC6927072 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519885088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important regulators of gene expression that are aberrantly regulated in several inflammatory and infectious diseases. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) suppress inflammatory activation of various cell types through epigenetic and non-epigenetic mechanisms, and ameliorate pathology in a mouse model of periodontitis. Activation of gingival fibroblasts (GFs) significantly contributes to the development of periodontitis and the anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis plays a key role in driving chronic inflammation. Here, we analyzed the role of HDACs in inflammatory responses of GFs. Pan-HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and/or ITF2357 (givinostat) significantly reduced TNFα- and P. gingivalis–inducible expression and/or production of a cluster of inflammatory mediators in healthy donor GFs (IL1B, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, COX2, and MMP3) without affecting cell viability. Selective inhibition of HDAC3/6, but not specific HDAC1, HDAC6, or HDAC8 inhibition, reproduced the suppressive effects of pan-HDACi on the inflammatory gene expression profile induced by TNFα and P. gingivalis, suggesting a critical role for HDAC3 in GF inflammatory activation. Consistently, silencing of HDAC3 expression with siRNA largely recapitulated the effects of HDAC3/6i on mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators in P. gingivalis–infected GFs. In contrast, P. gingivalis internalization and intracellular survival in GFs remained unaffected by HDACi. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NFκB signaling was unaffected by global or HDAC3/6-selective HDACi, and new protein synthesis was not required for gene suppression by HDACi. Finally, pan-HDACi and HDAC3/6i suppressed P. gingivalis–induced expression of IL1B, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, MMP1, and MMP3 in GFs from patients with periodontitis. Our results identify HDAC3 as an important regulator of inflammatory gene expression in GFs and suggest that therapeutic targeting of HDAC activity, in particular HDAC3, may be clinically beneficial in suppressing inflammation in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Lagosz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Bysiek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - J M Macina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - G P Bereta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Kantorowicz
- Department of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - W Lipska
- Department of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Sochalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Gawron
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - T Kaczmarzyk
- Department of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Chomyszyn-Gajewska
- Department of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - G Fossati
- Italfarmaco, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - J Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - A M Grabiec
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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20
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Jia L, Han N, Du J, Guo L, Luo Z, Liu Y. Pathogenesis of Important Virulence Factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis via Toll-Like Receptors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:262. [PMID: 31380305 PMCID: PMC6657652 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common intraoral infection and is inextricably linked to systemic diseases. Recently, the regulation between host immunologic response and periodontal pathogens has become a hotspot to explain the mechanism of periodontitis and related systemic diseases. Since Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) was proved as critical periodontal pathogen above all, researches focusing on the mechanism of its virulence factors have received extensive attention. Studies have shown that in the development of periodontitis, in addition to the direct release of virulent factors by periodontal pathogens to destroy periodontal tissues, over-low or over-high intrinsic immune and inflammatory response mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can lead to more lasting destruction of periodontal tissues. It is very necessary to sort out how various cytopathic factors of P. gingivalis mediate inflammation and immune responses between the host through TLRs so as to help precisely prevent, diagnose, and treat periodontitis in clinic. This review summarizes the role of three most widely studied pathogenic factors produced by P. gingivalis (lipopolysaccharide, gingipains, pili) and their interactions with TLRs at the cellular and molecular level in the progress of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jia
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Han
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Yuan A, Munz A, Reinert S, Hoefert S. Gingival fibroblasts and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: Results by real-time and wound healing in vitro assays. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2019; 47:1464-1474. [PMID: 31327558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of bisphosphonates and denosumab on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) that could influence inflammation, wound healing, and angiogenesis in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). METHODS A real-time in vitro assay was performed on HGFs with and without the addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and a mononuclear cell co-culture to observe the effects of zoledronate, ibandronate, alendronate, clodronate, denosumab, and combinations of zoledronate and denosumab at varied concentrations. A wound healing assay was performed, and gene and protein expression was analyzed for inflammatory, angiogenic, and osteoclastogenic cytokines and mediators including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), RANKL, and osteoprotegerin. RESULTS Higher concentrations of antiresorptives resulted in impaired wound healing and HGF death, which also occurred without mechanical damage. These effects were increased with bacterial lipopolysaccharide and mononuclear cells. Increased levels of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-8, VEGF, osteoprotegerin, and decreased levels of IL-6 were observed. CONCLUSIONS Antiresorptive exposure was associated with HGF death and delayed wound healing, which could be attributed to an elevated inflammatory response and immune dysfunction contributing to MRONJ development. There was no evidence of anti-angiogenic effects. Our experiments present the first results of denosumab with HGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr 2-8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Adelheid Munz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr 2-8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Siegmar Reinert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr 2-8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Hoefert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstr 2-8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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22
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T helper 1 and 2 stimuli induce distinct phenotypes in gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:171-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Sumida R, Maeda T, Kawahara I, Yusa J, Kato Y. Platelet-rich fibrin increases the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand ratio in osteoblasts. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:358-365. [PMID: 31258673 PMCID: PMC6566034 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a platelet concentrate derived from complete autologous blood rich in growth factors in the fibrin matrix. Although PRF has been used during oral surgery to optimize wound healing in soft and hard tissue, the precise role of PRF in bone healing remains unclear. The present study assessed the role of PRF in bone remodeling. PRF was prepared from whole blood by low speed centrifugation without any anti-coagulants. Culture of MC3T3-E1 cells with PRF induced the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), but had no effect on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), increasing the OPG/RANKL ratio. Expression of other osteoblastic differentiation makers, including BMP-2 and −4 and RUNX2, was not affected. PRF filling of a hole defect in the mental foramen bone of rats increased OPG positivity and decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positivity compared with unfilled control. In conclusion, PRF increased the OPG/RANKL ratio by inducing OPG expression, suggesting that PRF enhances early stage osteogenesis by optimizing osteoblastic differentiation. The present study provides a scientific basis for clinical findings showing that PRF can enhance bone regeneration such as sinus lift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Sumida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Toyonobu Maeda
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Junko Yusa
- Department of Oral Medical Sciences, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kato
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
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24
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Maksylewicz A, Bysiek A, Lagosz KB, Macina JM, Kantorowicz M, Bereta G, Sochalska M, Gawron K, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M, Potempa J, Grabiec AM. BET Bromodomain Inhibitors Suppress Inflammatory Activation of Gingival Fibroblasts and Epithelial Cells From Periodontitis Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:933. [PMID: 31114581 PMCID: PMC6503739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BET bromodomain proteins are important epigenetic regulators of gene expression that bind acetylated histone tails and regulate the formation of acetylation-dependent chromatin complexes. BET inhibitors suppress inflammatory responses in multiple cell types and animal models, and protect against bone loss in experimental periodontitis in mice. Here, we analyzed the role of BET proteins in inflammatory activation of gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and gingival epithelial cells (GECs). We show that the BET inhibitors I-BET151 and JQ1 significantly reduced expression and/or production of distinct, but overlapping, profiles of cytokine-inducible mediators of inflammation and bone resorption in GFs from healthy donors (IL6, IL8, IL1B, CCL2, CCL5, COX2, and MMP3) and the GEC line TIGK (IL6, IL8, IL1B, CXCL10, MMP9) without affecting cell viability. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB pathways was unaffected by I-BET151, as was the histone acetylation status, and new protein synthesis was not required for the anti-inflammatory effects of BET inhibition. I-BET151 and JQ1 also suppressed expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and osteoclastogenic mediators in GFs and TIGKs infected with the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Notably, P. gingivalis internalization and intracellular survival in GFs and TIGKs remained unaffected by BET inhibitors. Finally, inhibition of BET proteins significantly reduced P. gingivalis-induced inflammatory mediator expression in GECs and GFs from patients with periodontitis. Our results demonstrate that BET inhibitors may block the excessive inflammatory mediator production by resident cells of the gingival tissue and identify the BET family of epigenetic reader proteins as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maksylewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bysiek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna B Lagosz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna M Macina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kantorowicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bereta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maja Sochalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gawron
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Chomyszyn-Gajewska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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25
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Moonen CGJ, Alders ST, Bontkes HJ, Schoenmaker T, Nicu EA, Loos BG, de Vries TJ. Survival, Retention, and Selective Proliferation of Lymphocytes Is Mediated by Gingival Fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1725. [PMID: 30140265 PMCID: PMC6094995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium, is characterized by osteoclast-mediated alveolar bone destruction. Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) present in the bone-lining mucosa have the capacity to activate the formation of osteoclasts, but little is known about which local immune cells (co-)mediate this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular interactions of GFs with immune cells, including the contribution of GFs to osteoclast formation and their possible role in the proliferation of these immune cells. In addition, we investigated the expression of adhesion molecules and the inflammatory cytokines that are evoked by this interaction. GFs were cocultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD14+ monocytes or peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) for 7, 14, and 21 days. After 21 days, comparable numbers of multinucleated cells (osteoclasts) were found in gingival fibroblast (GF)-PBMC and GF-monocyte cocultures. No osteoclasts were formed in GF-PBL cocultures, indicating that the PBLs present in GF-PBMC cocultures do not contribute to osteoclastogenesis. Persisting mononuclear cells were interacting with osteoclasts in GF-PBMC cocultures. Remarkably, a predominance of CD3+ T cells was immunohistochemically detected in GF cocultures with PBLs and PBMCs for 21 days that frequently interacted with osteoclasts. Significantly more T, B (CD19+), and NK (CD56+CD3-) cells were identified with multicolor flow cytometry in both GF-PBMC and GF-PBL cocultures compared to monocultures without GFs at all time points. GFs retained PBLs independently of the presence of monocytes or osteoclasts over time, showing a stable population of T, B, and NK cells between 7 and 21 days. T helper and cytotoxic T cell subsets remained stable over time in GF cocultures, while the number of Th17 cells fluctuated. Lymphocyte retention is likely mediated by lymphocyte-function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) expression, which was significantly higher in GF-PBL cultures compared to GF-monocyte cultures. When assessing inflammatory cytokine expression, high tumor necrosis alpha expression was only observed in the GF-PBMC cultures, indicating that this tripartite presence of GFs, monocytes, and lymphocytes is required for such an induction. Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-labeling showed that only the CD3+ cells proliferated in presence of GFs. This study demonstrates a novel role for GFs in the survival, retention, and selective proliferation of lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G J Moonen
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sven T Alders
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hetty J Bontkes
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena A Nicu
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Opris Dent SRL, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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26
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Li X, Yu C, Hu Y, Xia X, Liao Y, Zhang J, Chen H, Lu W, Zhou W, Song Z. New Application of Psoralen and Angelicin on Periodontitis With Anti-bacterial, Anti-inflammatory, and Osteogenesis Effects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:178. [PMID: 29922598 PMCID: PMC5996246 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoralen and angelicin are two effective compounds isolated from psoraleae, a traditional Chinese medicine. They have a wide range of applications for bone disease treatment and immune modulation. In this study, we explored their new applications for the treatment of periodontal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of psoralen and angelicin on Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and P. gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS)-induced inflammation, and further to evaluate their effects on osteogenesis. Finally, the effects of angelicin on a mouse model of periodontitis were also investigated. The results showed that psoralen and angelicin had beneficial dose-dependent effects regarding the inhibition of planktonic P. gingivalis and biofilms of P. gingivalis. There were no significant differences in the viability of monocyte-like THP-1 cells and human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) treated with either psoralen or angelicin compared to the untreated control cells. Psoralen and angelicin also markedly decreased the mRNA expression and release of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-8) by THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. They significantly enhanced the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hPDLCs and up-regulated the expression of osteogenic proteins (runt-related transcription factor 2 [RUNX2], distal-less homeobox 5 [DLX5], and osteopontin [OPN]). Angelicin significantly attenuated alveolar bone loss and inflammation response in the mice with periodontitis. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that psoralen and angelicin could inhibit the growth of planktonic P. gingivalis and P. gingivalis biofilm. It is also the first report on the anti-inflammatory effect of psoralen and angelicin against Pg-LPS. They also had an osteogenesis-potentiating effect on hPDLCs. The in vivo study also indicated the effect of angelicin regarding protection against periodontitis. Our study highlighted the potential ability of psoralen and angelicin to act as novel natural agents to prevent and treat periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Li
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunbo Yu
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Disease, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Lu
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Disease, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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27
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Jang JY, Baek KJ, Choi Y, Ji S. Relatively low invasive capacity of Porphyromonas gingivalis strains into human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:265-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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28
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Meyle J, Dommisch H, Groeger S, Giacaman RA, Costalonga M, Herzberg M. The innate host response in caries and periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1215-1225. [PMID: 28727164 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Innate immunity rapidly defends the host against infectious insults. These reactions are of limited specificity and exhaust without providing long-term protection. Functional fluids and effector molecules contribute to the defence against infectious agents, drive the immune response, and direct the cellular players. AIM To review the literature and present a summary of current knowledge about the function of tissues, cellular players and soluble mediators of innate immunity relevant to caries and periodontitis. METHODS Historical and recent literature was critically reviewed based on publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals. RESULTS The innate immune response is vital to resistance against caries and periodontitis and rapidly attempts to protect against infectious agents in the dental hard and soft tissues. Soluble mediators include specialized proteins and lipids. They function to signal to immune and inflammatory cells, provide antimicrobial resistance, and also induce mechanisms for potential repair of damaged tissues. CONCLUSIONS Far less investigated than adaptive immunity, innate immune responses are an emerging scientific and therapeutic frontier. Soluble mediators of the innate response provide a network of signals to organize the near immediate molecular and cellular response to infection, including direct and immediate antimicrobial activity. Further studies in human disease and animal models are generally needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité - Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Groeger
- Department of Periodontology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rodrigo A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEIES), University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Massimo Costalonga
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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29
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Lira-Junior R, Figueredo CM. Periodontal and inflammatory bowel diseases: Is there evidence of complex pathogenic interactions? World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7963-7972. [PMID: 27672291 PMCID: PMC5028810 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.7963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are both chronic inflammatory diseases. Their pathogenesis is mediated by a complex interplay between a dysbiotic microbiota and the host immune-inflammatory response, and both are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This review aimed to provide an overview of the evidence dealing with a possible pathogenic interaction between periodontal disease and IBD. There seems to be an increased prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with IBD when compared to healthy controls, probably due to changes in the oral microbiota and a higher inflammatory response. Moreover, the induction of periodontitis seems to result in gut dysbiosis and altered gut epithelial cell barrier function, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Considering the complexity of both periodontal disease and IBD, it is very challenging to understand the possible pathways involved in their coexistence. In conclusion, this review points to a complex pathogenic interaction between periodontal disease and IBD, in which one disease might alter the composition of the microbiota and increase the inflammatory response related to the other. However, we still need more data derived from human studies to confirm results from murine models. Thus, mechanistic studies are definitely warranted to clarify this possible bidirectional association.
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30
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Innate Immune Response of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Fibroblasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Periodontopathogens. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8905365. [PMID: 27642305 PMCID: PMC5014959 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8905365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis involves complex interplay of bacteria and host immune response resulting in destruction of supporting tissues of the tooth. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in recognizing microbial pathogens and eliciting an innate immune response. Recently, the potential application of multipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in periodontal regenerative therapy has been proposed. However, little is known about the impact of periodontopathogens on hESC-derived progenies. This study investigates the effects of heat-killed periodontopathogens, namely, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, on TLR and cytokine expression profile of hESC-derived progenies, namely, fibroblasts (hESC-Fib) and mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs). Additionally, the serotype-dependent effect of A. actinomycetemcomitans on hESC-derived progenies was explored. Both hESC-Fib and hESC-MSCs constitutively expressed TLR-2 and TLR-4. hESC-Fib upon exposure to periodontopathogens displayed upregulation of TLRs and release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). In contrast, hESC-MSCs were largely nonresponsive to bacterial challenge, especially in terms of cytokine production. Further, exposure of hESC-Fib to A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c was associated with higher IL-8 production than serotype b. In contrast, the hESC-MSCs displayed no serotype-dependent response. Differential response of the two hESC progenies implies a phenotype-dependent response to periodontopathogens and supports the concept of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs.
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31
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Jang JY, Song IS, Baek KJ, Choi Y, Ji S. Immunologic characteristics of human gingival fibroblasts in response to oral bacteria. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:447-457. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Y. Jang
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Oral Health Science; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
| | - I.-S. Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Korea University Anam Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - K. J. Baek
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Infection & Immunity; BK21 CLS; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Y. Choi
- Department of Oromaxillofacial Infection & Immunity; BK21 CLS; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - S. Ji
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Oral Health Science; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Korea
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32
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Healthy and Inflamed Gingival Fibroblasts Differ in Their Inflammatory Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide. Inflammation 2016; 39:1842-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Gaurilcikaite E, Renton T, Grant AD. The paradox of painless periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2016; 23:451-463. [PMID: 27397640 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases, primarily gingivitis and periodontitis, are characterised by progressive inflammation and tissue destruction. However, they are unusual in that they are not also accompanied by the pain commonly seen in other inflammatory conditions. This suggests that interactions between periodontal bacteria and host cells create a unique environment in which the pro-algesic effects of inflammatory mediators and factors released during tissue damage are directly or indirectly inhibited. In this review, we summarise the evidence that periodontal disease is characterised by an accumulation of classically pro-algesic factors from bacteria and host cells. We then discuss several mechanisms by which inflammatory sensitisation of nociceptive fibres could be prevented through inactivation or inhibition of these factors. Further studies are necessary to fully understand the molecular processes underlying the endogenous localised hypoalgesia in human periodontal disease. This knowledge might provide a rational basis to develop future therapeutic interventions, such as host modulation therapies, against a wide variety of other human pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gaurilcikaite
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T Renton
- Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A D Grant
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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34
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Park HS, Nam HS, Seo HS, Hwang SJ. Change of periodontal inflammatory indicators through a 4-week weight control intervention including caloric restriction and exercise training in young Koreans: a pilot study. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:109. [PMID: 26385382 PMCID: PMC4575481 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent cross-sectional studies indicate that obesity is a risk factor for periodontal disease. Exercise training in high fat mice or rats can inhibit gingival inflammation effectively. The objective of this human intervention study was to investigate whether short-term weight control could affect periodontal indexes and serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers in young Koreans. METHODS Forty-one obese volunteers (body mass index (BMI) > 25.0) and 12 normal weight subjects (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 23.0) participated in a four-week weight control program to analyze the changes in anthropometric criteria, the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides in serum, gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal biomarkers in GCF, and dental plaque index at the first and the 27th days. RESULTS The means of obesity measures decreased significantly more in the obese group (BMI 2.53 ± 0.96, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) 4.88 ± 1.58 %, LDL 35.85 ± 21.74 mgdL(-1)) than in the normal weight group (BMI 0.78 ± 0.72, WHR 2.00 ± 0.95 %, LDL 15.58 ± 18.07 mgdL(-1)). While the obese group showed significant decreases in the biomarkers in GCF (IL-1β 58.38 ± 65.55 pgmL(-1), MMP-8 4.19 ± 5.61 ngmL(-1), MMP-9 3.36 ± 6.30 ngmL(-1)), the mean changes for the normal weight group (IL-1β 10.07 ± 21.08 pgmL(-1), MMP-8 1.49 ± 4.61 ngmL(-1), MMP-9 -1.52 ± 9.71 ngmL(-1)) were not statistically significant. Anthropometric measures and the amounts of GCF biomarkers had weak positive correlations (0.242 ≤ r ≤ 0.340), and LDL in serum correlated with MMP-8 (r = 0.332) and IL-1β (r = 0.342) in the obese group. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis in the obese group showed that the relationship between the amount of IL-1β in GCF and predictor variables including LDL and BMI was highly significant and accounted for 19.1 % of the variance in IL-1β in GCF. CONCLUSIONS In periodontally healthy subjects, weight control could reduce the amounts of MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-1β in GCF of the obese subjects. Further studies with periodontally unhealthy and obese people are needed to identify the mechanism of decreases in inflammation biomarkers in GCF through weight control. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN86753073 (2015.08.14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoo-Seob Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Hae-Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Hyung-Seok Seo
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Culture, Science & Technology, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungcheongnamdo, South Korea.
| | - Soo-Jeong Hwang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea. .,Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Board-Davies E, Moses R, Sloan A, Stephens P, Davies LC. Oral Mucosal Lamina Propria-Progenitor Cells Exert Antibacterial Properties via the Secretion of Osteoprotegerin and Haptoglobin. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1283-93. [PMID: 26378260 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The oral cavity possesses a diverse microflora, yet recurrent infections within healthy individuals are rare. Wound healing within the buccal mucosa is preferential, potentially because of the presence of oral mucosal lamina propria-progenitor cells (OMLP-PCs). In addition to their multipotency, OMLP-PCs demonstrate potent immunosuppressive properties. The present study investigated whether OMLP-PCs possess antibacterial properties, directly interacting with microorganisms and contributing to the maintenance of a balanced oral microflora. Gram-positive and -negative bacteria were cocultured with OMLP-PCs, buccal mucosal fibroblasts, or their respective conditioned media (CM). Bacterial growth was significantly inhibited when cocultured with OMLP-PCs or their CM. No antibacterial activity was apparent within the fibroblasts. Analysis of the OMLP-PC CM indicated constitutive secretion of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and haptoglobin (Hp). Exposure of the bacteria to OPG or Hp demonstrated their differential antibacterial properties, with neutralization/blocking studies confirming that the growth of Gram-positive bacteria was partially restored by neutralizing OPG within OMLP-PC CM; blocking Hp restored the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the broad-spectrum antibacterial properties of OMLP-PCs. We report the direct and constitutive antibacterial nature of OMLP-PCs, with retention of this effect within the CM suggesting a role for soluble factors such as OPG and Hp. Knowledge of the immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties of these cells could potentially be exploited in the development of novel cell- or soluble factor-based therapeutics for the treatment of infectious diseases such as pneumonia or ailments such as chronic nonhealing wounds. SIGNIFICANCE Oral mucosal lamina propria-progenitor cells (OMLP-PCs) are a cell source with known immunomodulatory properties. The present report demonstrates the novel finding that OMLP-PCs possess potent antibacterial properties, halting the growth of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria through the secretion of soluble factors. OMLP-PCs constitutively secrete osteoprotegerin (OPG) and haptoglobin (Hp) at levels high enough to exert antibacterial action. OPG, a glycoprotein not previously known to be antibacterial, can suppress Gram-positive bacterial growth. Hp is only active against Gram-negative microorganisms. These findings indicate that OMLP-PCs could offer great potential in the development of novel cell- or soluble factor-based therapies for the treatment of infectious illness, such as bacterial pneumonia, through systemic infusion and of chronic wounds through local administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Board-Davies
- Wound Biology Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Moses
- Wound Biology Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Sloan
- Wound Biology Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Stephens
- Wound Biology Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay C Davies
- Wound Biology Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Liu KH, Hwang SJ. Effect of smoking cessation for 1 year on periodontal biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:366-75. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. H. Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Daegu South Korea
| | - S. J. Hwang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon South Korea
- Department of Dental Hygiene; College of Medical Science; Konyang University; Daejeon South Korea
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Moraes RM, Lima GMG, Oliveira FE, Brito ACV, Pereira RC, Oliveira LD, Barros PP, Franco GCN, Anbinder AL. Exenatide and Sitagliptin Decrease Interleukin 1β, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, and Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 Gene Expression But Does Not Reduce Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats With Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2015. [PMID: 26205746 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New drugs for the treatment of diabetes, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) have shown pleiotropic effects on bone metabolism and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of exenatide (GLP-1 agonist) and sitagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor) during periodontitis induction by ligature insertion in rats. METHODS Forty rats were divided into four groups: 1) animals with induced periodontitis that received exenatide (EG); 2) animals with induced periodontitis that received sitagliptin (SG); 3) animals with induced periodontitis and without drug treatment (LG); and 4) animals without induced periodontitis and without drug treatment (controls). The drugs were administered for 28 days. On the day the animals were sacrificed, blood was collected for analysis of glucose and DPP-4 levels. The gene expressions of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, Dpp4, nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), interleukin 1β (Il1b), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9) in the gingiva; support and alveolar bone loss; connective tissue attachment; and the quantity of gingival collagen were evaluated. RESULTS Exenatide and sitagliptin treatments have led to a lower percentage of weight gain but did not influence glycemia. Sitagliptin reduced the serum concentration of DPP-4. Interestingly, although the gene expression profile has revealed a downregulation of Mmp9, Nos2, and Il1b in both EG and SG compared to LG, a significant protective effect was not observed on alveolar bone and collagen tissue in this model. CONCLUSION Regardless of the reduction of the expression of Il1b, Nos2, and Mmp9, the drugs were not effective in the stabilization or reduction of alveolar bone loss and collagen degradation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Moraes
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista (State University of São Paulo), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M G Lima
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista (State University of São Paulo), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe E Oliveira
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista (State University of São Paulo), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina V Brito
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista (State University of São Paulo), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C Pereira
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista (State University of São Paulo), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane D Oliveira
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista (State University of São Paulo), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia P Barros
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista (State University of São Paulo), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson C N Franco
- Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Lia Anbinder
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista (State University of São Paulo), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vernal R, Díaz-Zúñiga J, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Pujol M, Diaz-Guerra E, Silva A, Sanz M, Garcia-Sanz JA. Activation of RANKL-induced osteoclasts and memory T lymphocytes by Porphyromonas gingivalis is serotype dependant. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 41:451-9. [PMID: 24476556 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Destructive periodontitis is associated with a Th1-Th17 immune response and activation of RANKL-induced osteoclasts. In addition, Porphyromonas gingivalis K1 and K2 serotypes induce a strong Th1-Th17 response. This study aimed to investigate whether these P. gingivalis serotypes induce higher osteoclasts activation, by increased Th17-associated RANKL production, and an antigen-specific memory T-lymphocyte response. MATERIAL AND METHODS The RANKL production and TRAP(+) osteoclast induction were quantified on naïve T lymphocytes stimulated with dendritic cells primed with the P. gingivalis serotypes. The T-bet, GATA-3, RORC2 and Foxp3 expression was correlated with RANKL production. The frequency of proliferating memory T lymphocytes in response to P. gingivalis serotypes was determined in both periodontitis and healthy subjects. RESULTS T lymphocytes stimulated by K1 or K2-primed dendritic cells elicited higher levels of RANKL and TRAP(+) osteoclasts than cells stimulated with the other serotypes. RANKL positively correlated with RORC2. Whereas periodontitis patients had a higher frequency of memory T lymphocytes responding to K1 or K2, healthy subjects had a higher frequency of memory T lymphocytes responding to K4 or K(-) . CONCLUSIONS P. gingivalis serotypes K1 and K2, but not others, are associated with an increased production of the osteoclastogenesis-related factor RANKL. This important information suggests that these serotypes could elicit a greater bone resorption in vivo and have a role in the periodontitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Vernal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Baek KJ, Ji S, Kim YC, Choi Y. Association of the invasion ability of Porphyromonas gingivalis with the severity of periodontitis. Virulence 2015; 6:274-81. [PMID: 25616643 PMCID: PMC4601282 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2014.1000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the well-characterized periodontal pathogens involved in periodontitis. The invasive and proteolytic activities of P. gingivalis clinical isolates have been shown to be associated with heterogenic virulence, as determined in a mouse abscess model. The aims of the present study were to identify a P. gingivalis strain with a low virulence among clinical isolates, based on its invasive ability and cytokine proteolytic activities, and to explore the preferential degradation of a certain cytokine by P. gingivalis. P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, W50, and 10 clinical isolates were used. After incubating bacteria with IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNFα, IFNγ, and IL-1α, the amounts of remaining cytokines were determined by ELISA. Invasion ability was measured by a flow cytometric invasion assay. There was inter-strain variability both in the cytokine proteolytic activities and invasion ability. In addition, differential degradation of cytokines by P. gingivalis was observed: while IFNγ and IL-17A were almost completely degraded, inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1α were less susceptible to degradation. Interestingly, the invasion index, but not cytokine proteolytic activities, of P. gingivalis had strong positive correlations with clinical parameters of subjects who harbored the isolates. Therefore, the invasive ability of P. gingivalis is an important virulence factor, and the bacterial invasion step may be a good target for new therapeutics of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum Jin Baek
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Korea
| | - Suk Ji
- Department of Periodontology; Anam Hospital; Korea University; Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology; School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University; Korea
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Alam J, Baek KJ, Choi YS, Kim YC, Choi Y. N-acetylcysteine and the human serum components that inhibit bacterial invasion of gingival epithelial cells prevent experimental periodontitis in mice. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2014; 44:266-73. [PMID: 25568806 PMCID: PMC4284374 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2014.44.6.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that human serum significantly reduces the invasion of various oral bacterial species into gingival epithelial cells in vitro. The aims of the present study were to characterize the serum component(s) responsible for the inhibition of bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and to examine their effect on periodontitis induced in mice. METHODS Immortalized human gingival epithelial (HOK-16B) cells were infected with various 5- (and 6-) carboxy-fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeled oral bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Provetella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponiema denticola, in the absence or presence of three major serum components (human serum albumin [HSA], pooled human IgG [phIgG] and α1-antitrypsin). Bacterial adhesion and invasion were determined by flow cytometry. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of small GTPases were examined. Experimental periodontitis was induced by oral inoculation of P. gingivalis and T. denticola in Balb/c mice. RESULTS HSA and phIgG, but not α1-antitrypsin, efficiently inhibited the invasion of various oral bacterial species into HOK-16B cells. HSA but not phIgG decreased the adhesion of F. nucleatum onto host cells and the levels of intracellular ROS in HOK-16B cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, decreased both the levels of intracellular ROS and invasion of F. nucleatum into HOK-16B cells, confirming the role of ROS in bacterial invasion. Infection with F. nucleatum activated Rac1, a regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Not only HSA and NAC but also phIgG decreased the F. nucleatum-induced activation of Rac1. Furthermore, both HSA plus phIgG and NAC significantly reduced the alveolar bone loss in the experimental periodontitis induced by P. gingivalis and T. denticola in mice. CONCLUSIONS NAC and the serum components HSA and phIgG, which inhibit bacterial invasion of oral epithelial cells in vitro, can successfully prevent experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Alam
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keum Jin Baek
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Sik Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Luo Z, Wang H, Chen J, Kang J, Sun Z, Wu Y. Overexpression and Potential Regulatory Role of IL-17F in Pathogenesis of Chronic Periodontitis. Inflammation 2014; 38:978-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Sancilio S, di Giacomo V, Di Giulio M, Gallorini M, Marsich E, Travan A, Tarusha L, Cellini L, Cataldi A. Biological responses of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in an innovative co-culture model with Streptococcus mitis to thermosets coated with a silver polysaccharide antimicrobial system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96520. [PMID: 24806464 PMCID: PMC4013038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the in vitro biological response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) co-coltured with Streptococcus mitis to bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (BisGMA/TEGDMA) thermosets coated with Chitlac-nAg, a nanocomposite system with antimicrobial properties. To avoid bacterial adhesion to dental devices and to reduce cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells, we coated BisGMA/TEGDMA methacrylic thermosets with a new material, Chitlac-nAg, formed by stabilizing silver nanoparticles, which have well-known antimicrobial properties, with a polyelectrolyte solution containing Chitlac. Cytotoxicity, cell morphology, cell migration and inflammatory interleukine-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion were evaluated. Our results showed that the cytotoxicity exerted on HGFs by our nanocomposite material was absent in our co-culture model, where fibroblasts are able to adhere and migrate. After 24 h thermosets coated with Chitlac as well as those coated with Chitlac-nAg exerted a minimal cytotoxic effect on HGFs, while after 48 h LDH release rises up 20%. Moreover the presence of S. mitis reduced this release in a greater amount with Chitlac-nAg coated thermosets. The secretion of IL-6 was significant in both Chitlac and Chitlac-nAg coated thermosets, but PGE2 production was minimal, suggesting that the IL-6 production was not related to an inflammatory response. Co-culture and the addiction of saliva did not influence IL-6 and PGE2 secretion. Data obtained in the present work suggest that Chitlac n-Ag coated thermosets could significantly improve the success rates of restorative dentistry, since they limit bacterial adhesion and are not toxic to HGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sancilio
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Marsich
- Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Travan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Tarusha
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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