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Xu RG, Tiede C, Calabrese AN, Cheah LT, Adams TL, Gauer JS, Hindle MS, Webb BA, Yates DM, Slater A, Duval C, Naseem KM, Herr AB, Tomlinson DC, Watson SP, Ariëns RAS. Affimer reagents as tool molecules to modulate platelet GPVI-ligand interactions and specifically bind GPVI dimer. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3917-3928. [PMID: 38838227 PMCID: PMC11321386 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2024012689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) plays a key role in collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Affimers are engineered binding protein alternatives to antibodies. We screened and characterized GPVI-binding Affimers as novel tools to probe GPVI function. Among the positive clones, M17, D22, and D18 bound GPVI with the highest affinities (dissociation constant (KD) in the nanomolar range). These Affimers inhibited GPVI-collagen-related peptide (CRP)-XL/collagen interactions, CRP-XL/collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and D22 also inhibited in vitro thrombus formation on a collagen surface under flow. D18 bound GPVI dimer but not monomer. GPVI binding was increased for D18 but not M17/D22 upon platelet activation by CRP-XL and adenosine 5'-diphosphate. D22 but not M17/D18 displaced nanobody 2 (Nb2) binding to GPVI, indicating similar epitopes for D22 with Nb2 but not for M17/D18. Mapping of binding sites revealed that D22 binds a site that overlaps with Nb2 on the D1 domain, whereas M17 targets a site on the D2 domain, overlapping in part with the glenzocimab binding site, a humanized GPVI antibody fragment antigen-binding fragment. D18 targets a new region on the D2 domain. We found that D18 is a stable noncovalent dimer and forms a stable complex with dimeric GPVI with 1:1 stoichiometry. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Affimers modulate GPVI-ligand interactions and bind different sites on GPVI D1/D2 domains. D18 is dimer-specific and could be used as a tool to detect GPVI dimerization or clustering in platelets. A dimeric epitope regulating ligand binding was identified on the GPVI D2 domain, which could be used for the development of novel bivalent antithrombotic agents selectively targeting GPVI dimer on platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Gang Xu
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Tiede
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio N. Calabrese
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lih T. Cheah
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas L. Adams
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Julia S. Gauer
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S. Hindle
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Beth A. Webb
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Daisie M. Yates
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cédric Duval
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid M. Naseem
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B. Herr
- Division of Immunobiology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Darren C. Tomlinson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. S. Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Corken A, Wahl EC, Sikes JD, Thakali KM. Western Diet Modifies Platelet Activation Profiles in Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8019. [PMID: 39125586 PMCID: PMC11311362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The correlation between obesity and cardiovascular disease has long been understood, yet scant investigations endeavored to determine the impact of an obesogenic diet on platelet activation or function. As platelets drive clot formation, the terminus of cardiovascular events, we aimed to elucidate the longitudinal effect of an obesogenic diet on platelet phenotype by assessing markers of platelet activation using flow cytometry. Male, weanling mice were fed either a Western diet (30% kcal sucrose, 40% kcal fat, 8.0% sodium) or Control diet (7% kcal sucrose, 10% kcal fat, 0.24% sodium). At 12, 16 and 20 weeks on diets, platelets were collected and stained to visualize glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα), P-selectin and the conformationally active state of αIIbβ3 (a platelet specific integrin) after collagen stimulation. At all time points, a Western diet reduced GPIbα and αIIbβ3 expression in platelets broadly while P-selectin levels were unaffected. However, P-selectin was diminished by a Western diet in the GPIbα- subpopulation. Thus, a Western diet persistently primed platelets towards a blunted activation response as indicated by reduced active αIIbβ3 and P-selectin surface expression. This study provides a first look at the influence of diet on platelet activation and revealed that platelet activation is susceptible to dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Corken
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.C.); (E.C.W.); (J.D.S.)
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Wahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.C.); (E.C.W.); (J.D.S.)
| | - James D. Sikes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.C.); (E.C.W.); (J.D.S.)
| | - Keshari M. Thakali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.C.); (E.C.W.); (J.D.S.)
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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3
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Scalise A, Aggarwal A, Sangwan N, Hamer A, Guntupalli S, Park HE, Aleman JO, Cameron SJ. A Divergent Platelet Transcriptome in Patients with Lipedema and Lymphedema. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:737. [PMID: 38927673 PMCID: PMC11202821 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipedema and lymphedema are physically similar yet distinct diseases that are commonly misdiagnosed. We previously reported that lipedema and lymphedema are associated with increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The underlying etiology of the prothrombotic profile observed in lipedema and lymphedema is unclear, but may be related to alterations in platelets. Our objective was to analyze the platelet transcriptome to identify biological pathways that may provide insight into platelet activation and thrombosis. The platelet transcriptome was evaluated in patients with lymphedema and lipedema, then compared to control subjects with obesity. Patients with lipedema were found to have a divergent transcriptome from patients with lymphedema. The platelet transcriptome and impacted biological pathways in lipedema were surprisingly similar to weight-matched comparators, yet different when compared to overweight individuals with a lower body mass index (BMI). Differences in the platelet transcriptome for patients with lipedema and lymphedema were found in biological pathways required for protein synthesis and degradation, as well as metabolism. Key differences in the platelet transcriptome for patients with lipedema compared to BMI-matched subjects involved metabolism and glycosaminoglycan processing. These inherent differences in the platelet transcriptome warrant further investigation, and may contribute to the increased risk of thrombosis in patients with lipedema and lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alliefair Scalise
- Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anu Aggarwal
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Annelise Hamer
- Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Suman Guntupalli
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Huijun Edelyn Park
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jose O. Aleman
- Holman Division of Endocrinology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA;
| | - Scott J. Cameron
- Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Hematology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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4
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Kang Y, Wu W, Yang Y, Luo J, Lu Y, Yin L, Cui X. Progress in extracellular vesicle homeostasis as it relates to cardiovascular diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01027-w. [PMID: 38687443 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in both physiological and pathological processes in many organ systems and are essential in mediating intercellular communication and maintaining organismal homeostasis. It is helpful to propose new strategies for disease treatment by elucidating the mechanisms of EV release and sorting. An increasing number of studies have shown that there is specific homeostasis in EVs, which is helpful for the human body to carry out physiological activities. In contrast, an EV homeostasis im-balance promotes or accelerates disease onset and development. Alternatively, regulating the quality of EVs can maintain homeostasis and even achieve the purpose of treating conditions. An analysis of the role of EV homeostasis in the onset and development of cardiovascular disease is presented in this review. This article also summarizes the methods that regulate EV homeostasis and their application in cardiovascular diseases. In particular, this study focuses on the connection between EV steady states and the cardiovascular system and the potential value of EVs in treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Kang
- College of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Wu
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jinxi Luo
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Lu
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Luchang Yin
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China.
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China.
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5
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Fernández DI, Troitiño S, Sobota V, Tullemans BME, Zou J, van den Hurk H, García Á, Honarnejad S, Kuijpers MJE, Heemskerk JWM. Ultra-high throughput-based screening for the discovery of antiplatelet drugs affecting receptor dependent calcium signaling dynamics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6229. [PMID: 38486006 PMCID: PMC10940705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Distinct platelet activation patterns are elicited by the tyrosine kinase-linked collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and the G-protein coupled protease-activated receptors (PAR1/4) for thrombin. This is reflected in the different platelet Ca2+ responses induced by the GPVI agonist collagen-related peptide (CRP) and the PAR1/4 agonist thrombin. Using a 96 well-plate assay with human Calcium-6-loaded platelets and a panel of 22 pharmacological inhibitors, we assessed the cytosolic Ca2+ signaling domains of these receptors and developed an automated Ca2+ curve algorithm. The algorithm was used to evaluate an ultra-high throughput (UHT) based screening of 16,635 chemically diverse small molecules with orally active physicochemical properties for effects on platelets stimulated with CRP or thrombin. Stringent agonist-specific selection criteria resulted in the identification of 151 drug-like molecules, of which three hit compounds were further characterized. The dibenzyl formamide derivative ANO61 selectively modulated thrombin-induced Ca2+ responses, whereas the aromatic sulfonyl imidazole AF299 and the phenothiazine ethopropazine affected CRP-induced responses. Platelet functional assays confirmed selectivity of these hits. Ethopropazine retained its inhibitory potential in the presence of plasma, and suppressed collagen-dependent thrombus buildup at arterial shear rate. In conclusion, targeting of platelet Ca2+ signaling dynamics in a screening campaign has the potential of identifying novel platelet-inhibiting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia I Fernández
- The Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Platelet Proteomics Group, CiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Troitiño
- Platelet Proteomics Group, CiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vladimír Sobota
- IHU-LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, 33604, Bordeaux, France
- Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux, UMR5251, University of Bordeaux, 33 405, Talence, France
| | - Bibian M E Tullemans
- The Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6217 KD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinmi Zou
- The Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6217 KD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ángel García
- Platelet Proteomics Group, CiMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Marijke J E Kuijpers
- The Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Thrombosis Expertise Centre, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- The Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6217 KD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Minciuna I, Taru MG, Procopet B, Stefanescu H. The Interplay between Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells, Platelets, and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Development and Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1406. [PMID: 38592258 PMCID: PMC10932189 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a societal burden due to the lack of effective treatment and incomplete pathophysiology understanding. This review explores the intricate connections among liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), platelets, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and coagulation disruptions in MASLD pathogenesis. In MASLD's early stages, LSECs undergo capillarization and dysfunction due to excessive dietary macronutrients and gut-derived products. Capillarization leads to ischemic changes in hepatocytes, triggering pro-inflammatory responses in Kupffer cells (KCs) and activating hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Capillarized LSECs show a pro-inflammatory phenotype through adhesion molecule overexpression, autophagy loss, and increased cytokines production. Platelet interaction favors leucocyte recruitment, NETs formation, and liver inflammatory foci. Liver fibrosis is facilitated by reduced nitric oxide, HSC activation, profibrogenic mediators, and increased angiogenesis. Moreover, platelet attachment, activation, α-granule cargo release, and NETs formation contribute to MASLD progression. Platelets foster fibrosis and microthrombosis, leading to parenchymal extinction and fibrotic healing. Additionally, platelets promote tumor growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and tumor cell metastasis. MASLD's prothrombotic features are exacerbated by insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity, manifesting as increased von Willebrand factor, platelet hyperaggregability, hypo-fibrinolysis, and a prothrombotic fibrin clot structure. Improving LSEC health and using antiplatelet treatment appear promising for preventing MASLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Minciuna
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (H.S.)
- Deaprtment IV, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Madalina Gabriela Taru
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (H.S.)
- Deaprtment IV, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Procopet
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (H.S.)
- Deaprtment IV, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horia Stefanescu
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, 400394 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (H.S.)
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Thomas S, Kelliher S, Krishnan A. Heterogeneity of platelets and their responses. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102356. [PMID: 38666061 PMCID: PMC11043642 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing recognition of heterogeneity in blood platelets and their responses, particularly in recent years, where next-generation technologies and advanced bioinformatic tools that interrogate "big data" have enabled large-scale studies of RNA and protein expression across a growing list of disease states. However, pioneering platelet biologists and clinicians were already hypothesizing upon and investigating heterogeneity in platelet (and megakaryocyte) activity and platelet metabolism and aggregation over half a century ago. Building on their foundational hypotheses, in particular Professor Marian A. Packham's pioneering work and a State of the Art lecture in her memoriam at the 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress by Anandi Krishnan, this review outlines the key features that contribute to the heterogeneity of platelets between and within individuals. Starting with important epidemiologic factors, we move stepwise through successively smaller scales down to heterogeneity revealed by single-cell technologies in health and disease. We hope that this overview will urge future scientific and clinical studies to recognize and account for heterogeneity of platelets and aim to apply methods that capture that heterogeneity. Finally, we summarize other exciting new data presented on this topic at the 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Thomas
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, National Health Services, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah Kelliher
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anandi Krishnan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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8
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Lorusso A, Croxon H, Faherty-O'Donnell S, Field S, Fitzpatrick Á, Farrelly A, Hervig T, Waters A. The impact of donor biological variation on the quality and function of cold-stored platelets. Vox Sang 2023; 118:730-737. [PMID: 37439150 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Room temperature-stored platelets (RTPs) maximize platelet viability but limit shelf life. The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of donor variability on cold-stored platelets (CSPs) and RTP, to determine whether RTP quality markers are appropriate for CSP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Double platelet donations (n = 10) were collected from consented regular male donors stored in 100% plasma. A full blood count, donor age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were collected at the time of donation. Platelet donations were split equally into two bags, and assigned to non-agitated CSP or agitated RTP. The quality and function of platelets were assessed throughout the standard 7 days of storage and at expiry (day 8). Non-parametric statistical analyses were used to analyse results given the small sample size. RESULTS As expected, there were significant differences between CSP and RTP throughout storage including a reduction in CSP concentration as well as a loss of swirling. Furthermore, a significant increase in CSP exhibiting activation and apoptotic markers was observed. Platelet concentrations were further impacted by donor BMI, and donors with the highest BMI (>29) had the lowest platelet concentration and activation response at the end of CSP storage. CONCLUSION Platelet quality and functionality play a vital role in transfusion outcomes; however, blood components are inherently variable. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the specific impact of donor BMI on CSP quality and function and highlights the requirement for novel quality markers for assessing CSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lorusso
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry Croxon
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Stephen Field
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Áine Fitzpatrick
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aileen Farrelly
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tor Hervig
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Allison Waters
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Public Health, Population Science and Physiotherapy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Valenzuela A, Ayuso M, Buyssens L, Bars C, Van Ginneken C, Tessier Y, Van Cruchten S. Platelet Activation by Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs) in the Göttingen Minipig, including an Evaluation of Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) Ontogeny. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041112. [PMID: 37111598 PMCID: PMC10143489 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) is a therapeutic modality that enables selective modulation of undruggable protein targets. However, dose- and sequence-dependent platelet count reductions have been reported in nonclinical studies and clinical trials. The adult Göttingen minipig is an acknowledged nonclinical model for ASO safety testing, and the juvenile Göttingen minipig has been recently proposed for the safety testing of pediatric medicines. This study assessed the effects of various ASO sequences and modifications on Göttingen minipig platelets using in vitro platelet activation and aggregometry assays. The underlying mechanism was investigated further to characterize this animal model for ASO safety testing. In addition, the protein abundance of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) was investigated in the adult and juvenile minipigs. Our data on direct platelet activation and aggregation by ASOs in adult minipigs are remarkably comparable to human data. Additionally, PS ASOs bind to platelet collagen receptor GPVI and directly activate minipig platelets in vitro, mirroring the findings in human blood samples. This further corroborates the use of the Göttingen minipig for ASO safety testing. Moreover, the differential abundance of GPVI and PF4 in minipigs provides insight into the influence of ontogeny in potential ASO-induced thrombocytopenia in pediatric patients.
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10
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Tantiwong C, Dunster JL, Cavill R, Tomlinson MG, Wierling C, Heemskerk JWM, Gibbins JM. An agent-based approach for modelling and simulation of glycoprotein VI receptor diffusion, localisation and dimerisation in platelet lipid rafts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3906. [PMID: 36890261 PMCID: PMC9994409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor diffusion plays an essential role in cellular signalling via the plasma membrane microenvironment and receptor interactions, but the regulation is not well understood. To aid in understanding of the key determinants of receptor diffusion and signalling, we developed agent-based models (ABMs) to explore the extent of dimerisation of the platelet- and megakaryocyte-specific receptor for collagen glycoprotein VI (GPVI). This approach assessed the importance of glycolipid enriched raft-like domains within the plasma membrane that lower receptor diffusivity. Our model simulations demonstrated that GPVI dimers preferentially concentrate in confined domains and, if diffusivity within domains is decreased relative to outside of domains, dimerisation rates are increased. While an increased amount of confined domains resulted in further dimerisation, merging of domains, which may occur upon membrane rearrangements, was without effect. Modelling of the proportion of the cell membrane which constitutes lipid rafts indicated that dimerisation levels could not be explained by these alone. Crowding of receptors by other membrane proteins was also an important determinant of GPVI dimerisation. Together, these results demonstrate the value of ABM approaches in exploring the interactions on a cell surface, guiding the experimentation for new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukiat Tantiwong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne L Dunster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Rachel Cavill
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Konstorum A, Mohanty S, Zhao Y, Melillo A, Vander Wyk B, Nelson A, Tsang S, Blevins TP, Belshe R, Chawla DG, Rondina MT, Gill TM, Montgomery RR, Allore HG, Kleinstein SH, Shaw AC. Platelet response to influenza vaccination reflects effects of aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13749. [PMID: 36656789 PMCID: PMC9924941 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are uniquely positioned as mediators of not only hemostasis but also innate immunity. However, how age and geriatric conditions such as frailty influence platelet function during an immune response remains unclear. We assessed the platelet transcriptome at baseline and following influenza vaccination in Younger (age 21-35) and Older (age ≥65) adults (including community-dwelling individuals who were largely non-frail and skilled nursing facility (SNF)-resident adults who nearly all met criteria for frailty). Prior to vaccination, we observed an age-associated increase in the expression of platelet activation and mitochondrial RNAs and decrease in RNAs encoding proteins mediating translation. Age-associated differences were also identified in post-vaccination response trajectories over 28 days. Using tensor decomposition analysis, we found increasing RNA expression of genes in platelet activation pathways in young participants, but decreasing levels in (SNF)-resident adults. Translation RNA trajectories were inversely correlated with these activation pathways. Enhanced platelet activation was found in community-dwelling older adults at the protein level, compared to young individuals both prior to and post-vaccination; whereas SNF residents showed decreased platelet activation compared to community-dwelling older adults that could reflect the influence of decreased translation RNA expression. Our results reveal alterations in the platelet transcriptome and activation responses that may contribute to age-associated chronic inflammation and the increased incidence of thrombotic and pro-inflammatory diseases in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konstorum
- Department of PathologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious DiseasesYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Anthony Melillo
- Department of PathologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Brent Vander Wyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Program on AgingYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Allison Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious DiseasesYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Sui Tsang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Program on AgingYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Tamara P. Blevins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Robert B. Belshe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Daniel G. Chawla
- Program in Computational Biology and BioinformaticsYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Matthew T. Rondina
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, and the Molecular Medicine ProgramUniversity of Utah HealthSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Medicine and the GRECCGeorge E. Wahlen VAMCSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Thomas M. Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Program on AgingYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Heather G. Allore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Program on AgingYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Department of PathologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Program in Computational Biology and BioinformaticsYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Albert C. Shaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious DiseasesYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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12
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Abstract
Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) is an elegant gel electrophoretic analytical tool for comparative protein assessment. It is based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) separation of fluorescently labeled protein extracts. The tagging procedures are designed to not interfere with the chemical properties of proteins with respect to their pI and electrophoretic mobility, once a proper labeling protocol is followed. The use of an internal pooled standard makes 2D-DIGE a highly accurate quantitative method enabling multiple protein samples to be separated on the same two-dimensional gel. Technical limitations of this technique (i.e., underrating of low abundant, high molecular mass and integral membrane proteins) are counterbalanced by the incomparable separation power which allows proteoforms and unknown PTM (posttranslational modification) identification. Moreover, the image matching and cross-gel statistical analysis generates robust quantitative results making data validation by independent technologies successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy.
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13
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Vauclard A, Bellio M, Valet C, Borret M, Payrastre B, Severin S. Obesity: Effects on bone marrow homeostasis and platelet activation. Thromb Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Modulation of Glycoprotein VI and Its Downstream Signaling Pathways as an Antiplatelet Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179882. [PMID: 36077280 PMCID: PMC9456422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapy aims to reduce the risk of thrombotic events while maintaining hemostasis. A promising current approach is the inhibition of platelet glycoprotein GPVI-mediated adhesion pathways; pathways that do not involve coagulation. GPVI is a signaling receptor integral for collagen-induced platelet activation and participates in the thrombus consolidation process, being a suitable target for thrombosis prevention. Considering this, the blocking or antibody-mediated depletion of GPVI is a promising antiplatelet therapy for the effective and safe treatment of thrombotic diseases without a significant risk of bleeding and impaired hemostatic plug formation. This review describes the current knowledge concerning pharmaceutical approaches to platelet GPVI modulation and its downstream signaling pathways in this context.
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15
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Goudswaard LJ, Corbin LJ, Burley KL, Mumford A, Akbari P, Soranzo N, Butterworth AS, Watkins NA, Pournaras DJ, Harris J, Timpson NJ, Hers I. Higher body mass index raises immature platelet count: potential contribution to obesity-related thrombosis. Platelets 2022; 33:869-878. [PMID: 35068290 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.2003317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Higher body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for thrombosis. Platelets are essential for hemostasis but contribute to thrombosis when activated pathologically. We hypothesized that higher BMI leads to changes in platelet characteristics, thereby increasing thrombotic risk. The effect of BMI on platelet traits (measured by Sysmex) was explored in 33 388 UK blood donors (INTERVAL study). Linear regression showed that higher BMI was positively associated with greater plateletcrit (PCT), platelet count (PLT), immature platelet count (IPC), and side fluorescence (SFL, a measure of mRNA content used to derive IPC). Mendelian randomization (MR), applied to estimate a causal effect with BMI proxied by a genetic risk score, provided causal estimates for a positive effect of BMI on both SFL and IPC, but there was little evidence for a causal effect of BMI on PCT or PLT. Follow-up analyses explored the functional relevance of platelet characteristics in a pre-operative cardiac cohort (COPTIC). Linear regression provided observational evidence for a positive association between IPC and agonist-induced whole blood platelet aggregation. Results indicate that higher BMI raises the number of immature platelets, which is associated with greater whole blood platelet aggregation in a cardiac cohort. Higher IPC could therefore contribute to obesity-related thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Goudswaard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura J Corbin
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate L Burley
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Mumford
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Parsa Akbari
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Haematology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Dimitri J Pournaras
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica Harris
- Bristol Trials Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ingeborg Hers
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK
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Platelet Lipidome Fingerprint: New Assistance to Characterize Platelet Dysfunction in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158326. [PMID: 35955459 PMCID: PMC9369067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state that supports atherosclerosis progression and platelet hyper-reactivity. During the last decade, the platelet lipidome has been considered a treasure trove, as it is a source of biomarkers for preventing and treating different pathologies. The goal of the present study was to determine the lipid profile of platelets from non-diabetic, severely obese patients compared with their age- and sex-matched lean controls. Lipids from washed platelets were isolated and major phospholipids, sphingolipids and neutral lipids were analyzed either by gas chromatography or by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Despite a significant increase in obese patient’s plasma triglycerides, there were no significant differences in the levels of triglycerides in platelets among the two groups. In contrast, total platelet cholesterol was significantly decreased in the obese group. The profiling of phospholipids showed that phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine contents were significantly reduced in platelets from obese patients. On the other hand, no significant differences were found in the sphingomyelin and ceramide levels, although there was also a tendency for reduced levels in the obese group. The outline of the glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid molecular species (fatty-acyl profiles) was similar in the two groups. In summary, these lipidomics data indicate that platelets from obese patients have a unique lipid fingerprint that may guide further studies and provide mechanistic-driven perspectives related to the hyperactivate state of platelets in obesity.
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Kolesnikova IM, Rumyantsev SA, Volkova NI, Gaponov AM, Grigor’eva TV, Laikov AV, Makarov VV, Yudin SM, Borisenko OV, Shestopalov AV. Influence of Obesity and Its Metabolic Type on the Serum Concentration of Neurotrophins. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Induruwa I, McKinney H, Kempster C, Thomas P, Batista J, Malcor JD, Bonna A, McGee J, Bumanlag-Amis E, Rehnstrom K, Ashford S, Soejima K, Ouwehand W, Farndale R, Downes K, Warburton E, Moroi M, Jung S. Platelet surface receptor glycoprotein VI-dimer is overexpressed in stroke: The Glycoprotein VI in Stroke (GYPSIE) study results. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262695. [PMID: 35041713 PMCID: PMC8765640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Platelet activation underpins thrombus formation in ischemic stroke. The active, dimeric form of platelet receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI plays key roles by binding platelet ligands collagen and fibrin, leading to platelet activation. We investigated whether patients presenting with stroke expressed more GPVI on their platelet surface and had more active circulating platelets as measured by platelet P-selectin exposure. Methods 129 ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke patients were recruited within 8h of symptom onset. Whole blood was analyzed for platelet-surface expression of total GPVI, GPVI-dimer, and P-selectin by flow cytometry at admission and day-90 post-stroke. Results were compared against a healthy control population (n = 301). Results The platelets of stroke patients expressed significantly higher total GPVI and GPVI-dimer (P<0.0001) as well as demonstrating higher resting P-selectin exposure (P<0.0001), a measure of platelet activity, compared to the control group, suggesting increased circulating platelet activation. GPVI-dimer expression was strongly correlated circulating platelet activation [r2 = 0.88, P<0.0001] in stroke patients. Furthermore, higher platelet surface GPVI expression was associated with increased stroke severity at admission. At day-90 post-stroke, GPVI-dimer expression and was further raised compared to the level at admission (P<0.0001) despite anti-thrombotic therapy. All ischemic stroke subtypes and hemorrhagic strokes expressed significantly higher GPVI-dimer compared to controls (P<0.0001). Conclusions Stroke patients express more GPVI-dimer on their platelet surface at presentation, lasting at least until day-90 post-stroke. Small molecule GPVI-dimer inhibitors are currently in development and the results of this study validate that GPVI-dimer as an anti-thrombotic target in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isuru Induruwa
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Harriet McKinney
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carly Kempster
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Thomas
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Batista
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Daniel Malcor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arkadiusz Bonna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne McGee
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Bumanlag-Amis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karola Rehnstrom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Ashford
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kenji Soejima
- Research and Development Coordination and Administration Department, KM Biologics Co., Ltd, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Willem Ouwehand
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Farndale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Downes
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Warburton
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Masaaki Moroi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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19
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Dalbeni A, Castelli M, Zoncapè M, Minuz P, Sacerdoti D. Platelets in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842636. [PMID: 35250588 PMCID: PMC8895200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the inflammatory reaction of the liver to excessive accumulation of lipids in the hepatocytes. NASH can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fatty liver is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. A subclinical inflammatory state is present in patients with metabolic alterations like insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Platelets participate in immune cells recruitment and cytokines-induced liver damage. It is hypothesized that lipid toxicity cause accumulation of platelets in the liver, platelet adhesion and activation, which primes the immunoinflammatory reaction and activation of stellate cells. Recent data suggest that antiplatelet drugs may interrupt this cascade and prevent/improve NASH. They may also improve some metabolic alterations. The pathophysiology of inflammatory liver disease and the implication of platelets are discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dalbeni
- Division of General Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Castelli
- Division of General Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mirko Zoncapè
- Division of General Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Division of General Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pietro Minuz,
| | - David Sacerdoti
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
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20
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Godwin MD, Aggarwal A, Hilt Z, Shah S, Gorski J, Cameron SJ. Sex-Dependent Effect of Platelet Nitric Oxide: Production and Platelet Reactivity in Healthy Individuals. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:14-25. [PMID: 35128205 PMCID: PMC8807728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelet reactivity is greater in healthy women compared with men. Following an oral nitrate load, platelet nitric oxide production increased disproportionately more in healthy women than healthy men with attenuated platelet reactivity in women and enhanced platelet reactivity in men.
A nitrate-rich diet has many cardiovascular benefits, but the mechanism behind this is unclear. We hypothesized that the ingestion of nitrate augments nitrate to nitrite reduction, leading to nitric oxide (NO) production, which may suppress platelet reactivity. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study involving healthy individuals, ingestion of nitrate augmented saliva and plasma nitrite/nitrate concentration and enhanced platelet NO production disproportionately in women compared with men. The response of elevated platelet NO in men was increased platelet reactivity and the response of markedly elevated platelet NO in women slightly inhibited platelet reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Godwin
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anu Aggarwal
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary Hilt
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shalini Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Gorski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Scott J. Cameron
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
- Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Taussig Institute, Department Hematology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Address for correspondence: Dr Scott J. Cameron, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, J3-5, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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21
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Zhang R, Moscona A, Myndzar K, Luttrell-Williams E, Vanegas S, Jay MR, Calderon K, Berger JS, Heffron SP. More frequent olive oil intake is associated with reduced platelet activation in obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3322-3325. [PMID: 34627691 PMCID: PMC8919933 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), and platelet hyperactivation in obesity may contribute to this association. Olive oil consumption is associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the general population. However, little is known for individuals with obesity. We investigated whether olive oil intake is associated with platelet activation in obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed platelet activation (surface P-selectin expression) with and without thrombin exposure and diet composition in 63 patients with severe obesity. Among 63 subjects with obesity, the mean age was 32.2 ± 8.0 years and BMI 44.1 ± 8.5 kg/m2. Olive oil intake was stratified into <1 time/week (n = 21), 1-3 times/week (n = 18), ≥4 times/week (n = 24). Strata did not differ by age, BMI or platelet count. Unstimulated P-selectin expression did not differ by olive oil consumption. Subjects with more frequent olive oil intake exhibited lower P-selectin expression on submaximal thrombin exposure. CONCLUSIONS More frequent olive oil intake is associated with reduced thrombin-induced platelet activation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruina Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Moscona
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khrystyna Myndzar
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elliot Luttrell-Williams
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally Vanegas
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melanie R Jay
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karry Calderon
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Berger
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean P Heffron
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Bostrom JA, Mottel B, Heffron SP. Medical and Surgical Obesity Treatments and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms beyond Typical Risk Factors. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:60. [PMID: 34351556 PMCID: PMC9953388 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study aims to discuss the mechanisms by which GLP-1 agonists and bariatric surgery improve cardiovascular outcomes in severely obese patients. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have demonstrated that both GLP-1 agonist use and bariatric surgery reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Improvements in traditional atherosclerosis risk factors in association with weight loss likely contribute, but weight loss-independent mechanisms are also suggested to have roles. We review the clinical and preclinical evidence base for cardiovascular benefit of LP-1 agonists and bariatric surgery beyond traditional risk factors, including improvements in endothelial function, direct impacts on atherosclerotic plaques, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bostrom
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beth Mottel
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean P Heffron
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Kanikarla Marie P, Fowlkes NW, Afshar-Kharghan V, Martch SL, Sorokin A, Shen JP, Morris VK, Dasari A, You N, Sood AK, Overman MJ, Kopetz S, Menter DG. The Provocative Roles of Platelets in Liver Disease and Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:643815. [PMID: 34367949 PMCID: PMC8335590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.643815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both platelets and the liver play important roles in the processes of coagulation and innate immunity. Platelet responses at the site of an injury are rapid; their immediate activation and structural changes minimize the loss of blood. The majority of coagulation proteins are produced by the liver—a multifunctional organ that also plays a critical role in many processes: removal of toxins and metabolism of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs. Chronic inflammation, trauma, or other causes of irreversible damage to the liver can dysregulate these pathways leading to organ and systemic abnormalities. In some cases, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios can also be a predictor of disease outcome. An example is cirrhosis, which increases the risk of bleeding and prothrombotic events followed by activation of platelets. Along with a triggered coagulation cascade, the platelets increase the risk of pro-thrombotic events and contribute to cancer progression and metastasis. This progression and the resulting tissue destruction is physiologically comparable to a persistent, chronic wound. Various cancers, including colorectal cancer, have been associated with increased thrombocytosis, platelet activation, platelet-storage granule release, and thrombosis; anti-platelet agents can reduce cancer risk and progression. However, in cancer patients with pre-existing liver disease who are undergoing chemotherapy, the risk of thrombotic events becomes challenging to manage due to their inherent risk for bleeding. Chemotherapy, also known to induce damage to the liver, further increases the frequency of thrombotic events. Depending on individual patient risks, these factors acting together can disrupt the fragile balance between pro- and anti-coagulant processes, heightening liver thrombogenesis, and possibly providing a niche for circulating tumor cells to adhere to—thus promoting both liver metastasis and cancer-cell survival following treatment (that is, with minimal residual disease in the liver).
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kanikarla Marie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Natalie W Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Benign Hematology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stephanie L Martch
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexey Sorokin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John Paul Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Van K Morris
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arvind Dasari
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nancy You
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David George Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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24
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Li W, Yue H. Thymidine Phosphorylase Is Increased in COVID-19 Patients in an Acuity-Dependent Manner. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:653773. [PMID: 33829029 PMCID: PMC8019714 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.653773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), is a human respiratory disease. Hitherto, there is no effective treatment has been established. Patients with cardiovascular or diabetes comorbidities are a high-risk cohort. COVID-19 is accompanied by excessive systemic thrombotic events, but the mechanism is not yet known. Recent studies have indicated that thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) plays an important role in platelet activation, thrombosis, and TYMP expression is increased in diabetic patients. By using data provided by the MGH (Massachusetts General Hospital) Emergency Department COVID-19 Cohort with Olink Proteomics, here we show that plasma TYMP level is correlated with the COVID-19 associated thrombotic event, inflammation, and organ damage, as evidenced by the positive correlations with plasma D-dimer, CRP (C reactive protein), and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), as well as Interferons (IFN). Plasma TYMP is also positively correlated with COVID-19 patients who had respiratory symptoms. TYMP thus could be an acuity marker for COVID-19 diagnosis. Targeting TYMP with tipiracil, a selective TYMP inhibitor, which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use, could be a novel effective medicine for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine of Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
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25
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Till Death Do Us Part-The Multifaceted Role of Platelets in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063113. [PMID: 33803718 PMCID: PMC8003150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are tightly connected with the liver, as both their production and their clearance are mediated by the liver. Platelets, in return, participate in a variety of liver diseases, ranging from non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, (viral) hepatitis, liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma to liver regeneration. Due to their versatile functions, which include (1) regulation of hemostasis, (2) fine-tuning of immune responses and (3) release of growth factors and cellular mediators, platelets quickly adapt to environmental changes and modulate disease development, leading to different layers of complexity. Depending on the (patho)physiological context, platelets exert both beneficial and detrimental functions. Understanding the precise mechanisms through which platelet function is regulated at different stages of liver diseases and how platelets interact with various resident and non-resident liver cells helps to draw a clear picture of platelet-related therapeutic interventions. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge on platelets in acute and chronic liver diseases and aims to shed light on how the smallest cells in the circulatory system account for changes in the (patho)physiology of the second largest organ in the human body.
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26
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Andrade FB, Gualberto A, Rezende C, Percegoni N, Gameiro J, Hottz ED. The Weight of Obesity in Immunity from Influenza to COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:638852. [PMID: 33816341 PMCID: PMC8011498 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.638852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged in December 2019 and rapidly outspread worldwide endangering human health. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifests itself through a wide spectrum of symptoms that can evolve to severe presentations as pneumonia and several non-respiratory complications. Increased susceptibility to COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality have been linked to associated comorbidities as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and, recently, to obesity. Similarly, individuals living with obesity are at greater risk to develop clinical complications and to have poor prognosis in severe influenza pneumonia. Immune and metabolic dysfunctions associated with the increased susceptibility to influenza infection are linked to obesity-associated low-grade inflammation, compromised immune and endocrine systems, and to high cardiovascular risk. These preexisting conditions may favor virological persistence, amplify immunopathological responses and worsen hemodynamic instability in severe COVID-19 as well. In this review we highlight the main factors and the current state of the art on obesity as risk factor for influenza and COVID-19 hospitalization, severe respiratory manifestations, extrapulmonary complications and even death. Finally, immunoregulatory mechanisms of severe influenza pneumonia in individuals with obesity are addressed as likely factors involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B. Andrade
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Ana Gualberto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Obesity and Infectious Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Camila Rezende
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Nathércia Percegoni
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Jacy Gameiro
- Laboratory of Immunology, Obesity and Infectious Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D. Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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27
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Aslan JE. Platelet Proteomes, Pathways, and Phenotypes as Informants of Vascular Wellness and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:999-1011. [PMID: 33441027 PMCID: PMC7980774 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets rapidly undergo responsive transitions in form and function to repair vascular endothelium and mediate hemostasis. In contrast, heterogeneous platelet subpopulations with a range of primed or refractory phenotypes gradually arise in chronic inflammatory and other conditions in a manner that may indicate or support disease. Qualitatively distinguishable platelet phenotypes are increasingly associated with a variety of physiological and pathological circumstances; however, the origins and significance of platelet phenotypic variation remain unclear and conceptually vague. As changes in platelet function in disease exhibit many similarities to platelets following the activation of platelet agonist receptors, the intracellular responses of platelets common to hemostasis and inflammation may provide insights to the molecular basis of platelet phenotype. Here, we review concepts around how protein-level relations-from platelet receptors through intracellular signaling events-may help to define platelet phenotypes in inflammation, immune responses, aging, and other conditions. We further discuss how representing systems-wide platelet proteomics data profiles as circuit-like networks of causally related intracellular events, or, pathway maps, may inform molecular definitions of platelet phenotype. In addition to offering insights into platelets as druggable targets, maps of causally arranged intracellular relations underlying platelet function can also advance precision and interceptive medicine efforts by leveraging platelets as accessible, dynamic, endogenous, circulating biomarkers of vascular wellness and disease. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Aslan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry and School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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28
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Slingsby MHL, Vijey P, Tsai IT, Roweth H, Couldwell G, Wilkie AR, Gaus H, Goolsby JM, Okazaki R, Terkovich BE, Semple JW, Thon JN, Henry SP, Narayanan P, Italiano JE. Sequence-specific 2'-O-methoxyethyl antisense oligonucleotides activate human platelets through glycoprotein VI, triggering formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Haematologica 2021; 107:519-531. [PMID: 33567808 PMCID: PMC8804562 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.260059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) are DNA-based, disease-modifying drugs. Clinical trials with 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2’MOE) ASO have shown dose- and sequence-specific lowering of platelet counts according to two phenotypes. Phenotype 1 is a moderate (but not clinically severe) drop in platelet count. Phenotype 2 is rare, severe thrombocytopenia. This article focuses on the underlying cause of the more common phenotype 1, investigating the effects of ASO on platelet production and platelet function. Five phosphorothioate ASO were studied: three 2’MOE sequences; 487660 (no effects on platelet count), 104838 (associated with phenotype 1), and 501861 (effects unknown) and two CpG sequences; 120704 and ODN 2395 (known to activate platelets). Human cord bloodderived megakaryocytes were treated with these ASO to study their effects on proplatelet production. Platelet activation (determined by surface P-selectin) and platelet-leukocyte aggregates were analyzed in ASO-treated blood from healthy human volunteers. None of the ASO inhibited proplatelet production by human megakaryocytes. All the ASO were shown to bind to the platelet receptor glycoprotein VI (KD ~0.2-1.5 μM). CpG ASO had the highest affinity to glycoprotein VI, the most potent platelet-activating effects and led to the greatest formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates. 2’MOE ASO 487660 had no detectable platelet effects, while 2’MOE ASOs 104838 and 501861 triggered moderate platelet activation and SYKdependent formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Donors with higher platelet glycoprotein VI levels had greater ASO-induced platelet activation. Sequence-dependent ASO-induced platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregates may explain phenotype 1 (moderate drops in platelet count). Platelet glycoprotein VI levels could be useful as a screening tool to identify patients at higher risk of ASO-induced platelet side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina H Lundberg Slingsby
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Prakrith Vijey
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - I-Ting Tsai
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Harvey Roweth
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Genevieve Couldwell
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adrian R Wilkie
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hans Gaus
- Nonclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA
| | - Jazana M Goolsby
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ross Okazaki
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brooke E Terkovich
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John W Semple
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund
| | - Jonathan N Thon
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Scott P Henry
- Nonclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA
| | | | - Joseph E Italiano
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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29
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Maternal and offspring high-fat diet leads to platelet hyperactivation in male mice offspring. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1473. [PMID: 33446734 PMCID: PMC7809045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal over-nutrition increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular events in offspring. While prominent effects on cardiovascular health are observed, the impact on platelet physiology has not been studied. Here, we examined whether maternal high-fat diet (HF) ingestion affects the platelet function in lean and obese offspring. C57BL6/N mice dams were given a HF or control (C) diet for 8 weeks before and during pregnancy. Male and female offspring received C or HF diets for 26 weeks. Experimental groups were: C/C, dam and offspring fed standard laboratory diet; C/HF dam fed standard laboratory diet and offspring fed HF diet; HF/C and HF/HF. Phenotypic and metabolic tests were performed and blood collected for platelet studies. Compared to C/C, offspring HF groups were obese, with fat accumulation, hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Female offspring did not present platelet hyperactivity, hence we focused on male offspring. Platelets from HF/HF mice were larger, hyperactive and presented oxidative stress when compared to C/C. Maternal and offspring HF diet results in platelet hyperactivation in male mouse offspring, suggesting a novel ‘double-hit’ effect.
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30
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Harbi MH, Smith CW, Nicolson PLR, Watson SP, Thomas MR. Novel antiplatelet strategies targeting GPVI, CLEC-2 and tyrosine kinases. Platelets 2020; 32:29-41. [PMID: 33307909 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1849600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antiplatelet medications comprise the cornerstone of treatment for diseases that involve arterial thrombosis, including acute coronary syndromes (ACS), stroke and peripheral arterial disease. However, antiplatelet medications may cause bleeding and, furthermore, thrombotic events may still recur despite treatment. The interaction of collagen with GPVI receptors on the surface of platelets has been identified as one of the major players in the pathophysiology of arterial thrombosis that occurs following atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Promisingly, GPVI deficiency in humans appears to have a minimal impact on bleeding. These findings together suggest that targeting platelet GPVI may provide a novel treatment strategy that provides additional antithrombotic efficacy with minimal disruption of normal hemostasis compared to conventional antiplatelet medications. CLEC-2 is gaining interest as a therapeutic target for a variety of thrombo-inflammatory disorders including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with treatment also predicted to cause minimal disruption to hemostasis. GPVI and CLEC-2 signal through Src, Syk and Tec family tyrosine kinases, providing additional strategies for inhibiting both receptors. In this review, we summarize the evidence regarding GPVI and CLEC-2 and strategies for inhibiting these receptors to inhibit platelet recruitment and activation in thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maan H Harbi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Christopher W Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Phillip L R Nicolson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark R Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham, UK.,Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust , Birmingham, UK
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31
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Barrachina MN, Hermida-Nogueira L, Moran LA, Casas V, Hicks SM, Sueiro AM, Di Y, Andrews RK, Watson SP, Gardiner EE, Abian J, Carrascal M, Pardo M, García Á. Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Platelets in Severe Obesity Uncovers Platelet Reactivity and Signaling Pathways Alterations. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:478-490. [PMID: 33147989 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state that supports atherosclerosis progression. The goal of this study was to gain insights into the phosphorylation events related to platelet reactivity in obesity and identify platelet biomarkers and altered activation pathways in this clinical condition. Approach and Results: We performed a comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of resting platelets from obese patients and their age- and gender-matched lean controls. The phosphoproteomic data were validated by mechanistic, functional, and biochemical assays. We identified 220 differentially regulated phosphopeptides, from at least 175 proteins; interestingly, all were up-regulated in obesity. Most of the altered phosphoproteins are involved in SFKs (Src-family kinases)-related signaling pathways, cytoskeleton reorganization, and vesicle transport, some of them validated by targeted mass spectrometry. To confirm platelet dysfunction, flow cytometry assays were performed in whole blood indicating higher surface levels of GP (glycoprotein) VI and CLEC (C-type lectin-like receptor) 2 in platelets from obese patients correlating positively with body mass index. Receiver operator characteristics curves analysis suggested a much higher sensitivity for GPVI to discriminate between obese and lean individuals. Indeed, we also found that obese platelets displayed more adhesion to collagen-coated plates. In line with the above data, soluble GPVI levels-indicative of higher GPVI signaling activation-were almost double in plasma from obese patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide novel information on platelet phosphorylation changes related to obesity, revealing the impact of this chronic pathology on platelet reactivity and pointing towards the main signaling pathways dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- María N Barrachina
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela (M.N.B., L.H.-N., L.A.M., Á.G.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain (M.N.B., L.H.-N., L.A.M., Á.G.)
| | - Lidia Hermida-Nogueira
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela (M.N.B., L.H.-N., L.A.M., Á.G.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain (M.N.B., L.H.-N., L.A.M., Á.G.)
| | - Luis A Moran
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela (M.N.B., L.H.-N., L.A.M., Á.G.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain (M.N.B., L.H.-N., L.A.M., Á.G.)
| | - Vanessa Casas
- CSIC/UAB Proteomics Laboratory, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (V.C., J.A., M.C.)
| | - Sarah M Hicks
- ACRF Department Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (S.M.H., R.K.A., E.E.G.)
| | - Aurelio M Sueiro
- Grupo de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Servicio de Endocrinología, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain (A.M.S.)
| | - Ying Di
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (Y.D., S.P.W.)
| | - Robert K Andrews
- ACRF Department Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (S.M.H., R.K.A., E.E.G.)
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (Y.D., S.P.W.)
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- ACRF Department Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (S.M.H., R.K.A., E.E.G.)
| | - Joaquin Abian
- CSIC/UAB Proteomics Laboratory, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (V.C., J.A., M.C.)
| | - Montserrat Carrascal
- CSIC/UAB Proteomics Laboratory, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain (V.C., J.A., M.C.)
| | - María Pardo
- Grupo Obesidómica, CIBEROBN de Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain (M.P.)
| | - Ángel García
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela (M.N.B., L.H.-N., L.A.M., Á.G.).,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain (M.N.B., L.H.-N., L.A.M., Á.G.)
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32
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Dib PRB, Quirino-Teixeira AC, Merij LB, Pinheiro MBM, Rozini SV, Andrade FB, Hottz ED. Innate immune receptors in platelets and platelet-leukocyte interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1157-1182. [PMID: 32779243 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0620-701r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are chief cells in hemostasis. Apart from their hemostatic roles, platelets are major inflammatory effector cells that can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Activated platelets have thromboinflammatory functions linking hemostatic and immune responses in several physiological and pathological conditions. Among many ways in which platelets exert these functions, platelet expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including TLR, Nod-like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor families, plays major roles in sensing and responding to pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs, respectively). In this review, an increasing body of evidence is compiled showing the participation of platelet innate immune receptors, including PRRs, in infectious diseases, sterile inflammation, and cancer. How platelet recognition of endogenous DAMPs participates in sterile inflammatory diseases and thrombosis is discussed. In addition, platelet recognition of both PAMPs and DAMPs initiates platelet-mediated inflammation and vascular thrombosis in infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasite infections. The study also focuses on the involvement of innate immune receptors in platelet activation during cancer, and their contribution to tumor microenvironment development and metastasis. Finally, how innate immune receptors participate in platelet communication with leukocytes, modulating leukocyte-mediated inflammation and immune functions, is highlighted. These cell communication processes, including platelet-induced release of neutrophil extracellular traps, platelet Ag presentation to T-cells and platelet modulation of monocyte cytokine secretion are discussed in the context of infectious and sterile diseases of major concern in human health, including cardiovascular diseases, dengue, HIV infection, sepsis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ribeiro Braga Dib
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Obesity, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecíllia Quirino-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Laura Botelho Merij
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brandi Mendonça Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Stephane Vicente Rozini
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brandi Andrade
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Damaceno Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Barrachina MN, Morán LA, Izquierdo I, Casanueva FF, Pardo M, García Á. Analysis of platelets from a diet-induced obesity rat model: elucidating platelet dysfunction in obesity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13104. [PMID: 32753687 PMCID: PMC7403150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main health problems in industrialized countries. The contribution of multiple factors developed in obesity can hardly be modeled in vitro. In this context, the development of animal models mimicking human obesity could be essential. The aim of the present study was to compare platelets from a diet-induced obesity (DIO) rat model with their lean control group in order to elucidate platelet dysfunction mechanisms in obesity and correlate the results with previous data from morbid obese patients. In parallel, we also established a blood collection and platelet isolation methodology to study the DIO rat model at biochemical and functional level. Optimal blood collection was obtained from vena cava and platelet isolation was based on a serial of centrifugations avoiding platelet activation. Our results show that the DIO rat model simulate obesity pathologically since weight gain, fasting glucose and platelet counts are increased in obese rats. Interestingly, platelet levels of the active form of Src (pTyr419) showed a tendency to increase in DIO rats pointing towards a potential dysfunction in Src family kinases-related signalling pathways in obesity. Moreover, platelets from DIO rats adhere more to collagen compared with the control group, pointing towards Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) as one of the dysregulated receptors in obesity, in agreement with our recent studies in humans. These results confirm that obesity, in line with human studies, present a platelet dysregulation, and highlight the relevance of considering novel antithrombotic drug targets in these patients, such as GPVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- María N Barrachina
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Avda de Barcelona s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis A Morán
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Avda de Barcelona s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Izquierdo
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Avda de Barcelona s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Pardo
- Grupo Obesidómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel García
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Avda de Barcelona s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, Braz-de-Melo HA, Faria SS, Santos IDO, Kobinger GP, Magalhães KG. Hypercoagulopathy and Adipose Tissue Exacerbated Inflammation May Explain Higher Mortality in COVID-19 Patients With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:530. [PMID: 32849309 PMCID: PMC7399077 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by pneumonia, lymphopenia, exhausted lymphocytes and a cytokine storm. Several reports from around the world have identified obesity and severe obesity as one of the strongest risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. Moreover, countries with greater obesity prevalence have a higher morbidity and mortality risk of developing serious outcomes from COVID-19. The understanding of how this increased susceptibility of the people with obesity to develop severe forms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs is crucial for implementing appropriate public health and therapeutic strategies to avoid COVID-19 severe symptoms and complications in people living with obesity. We hypothesize here that increased ACE2 expression in adipose tissue displayed by people with obesity may increase SARS-CoV-2 infection and accessibility to this tissue. Individuals with obesity have increased white adipose tissue, which may act as a reservoir for a more extensive viral spread with increased shedding, immune activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine amplification. Here we discuss how obesity is related to a pro-inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation, increased SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry in adipose tissue and induction of hypercoagulopathy, leading people with obesity to develop severe forms of COVID-19 and also death. Taken together, it may be crucial to better explore the role of visceral adipose tissue in the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and investigate the potential therapeutic effect of using specific target anti-inflammatories (canakinumab or anakinra for IL-1β inhibition; anti-IL-6 antibodies for IL-6 inhibition), anticoagulant or anti-diabetic drugs in COVID-19 treatment of people with obesity. Defining the immunopathological changes in COVID-19 patients with obesity can provide prominent targets for drug discovery and clinical management improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Socorro Faria
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Igor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gary P. Kobinger
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Foster H, Wilson C, Philippou H, Foster R. Progress toward a Glycoprotein VI Modulator for the Treatment of Thrombosis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12213-12242. [PMID: 32463237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic thrombus formation accounts for the etiology of many serious conditions including myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Despite the development of numerous anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, the mortality rate associated with these diseases remains high. In recent years, however, significant epidemiological evidence and clinical models have emerged to suggest that modulation of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) platelet receptor could be harnessed as a novel antiplatelet strategy. As such, many peptidic agents have been described in the past decade, while more recent efforts have focused on the development of small molecule modulators. Herein the rationale for targeting GPVI is summarized and the published GPVI modulators are reviewed, with particular focus on small molecules. A qualitative pharmacophore hypothesis for small molecule ligands at GPVI is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Foster
- School of Chemistry and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Clare Wilson
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Helen Philippou
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Chemistry and Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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Barale C, Russo I. Influence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors on Platelet Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020623. [PMID: 31963572 PMCID: PMC7014042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are key players in the thrombotic processes. The alterations of platelet function due to the occurrence of metabolic disorders contribute to an increased trend to thrombus formation and arterial occlusion, thus playing a major role in the increased risk of atherothrombotic events in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors. Several lines of evidence strongly correlate metabolic disorders such as obesity, a classical condition of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose homeostasis with cardiovascular diseases. The presence of these clinical features together with hypertension and disturbed microhemorrheology are responsible for the prothrombotic tendency due, at least partially, to platelet hyperaggregability and hyperactivation. A number of clinical platelet markers are elevated in obese and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients, including the mean platelet volume, circulating levels of platelet microparticles, oxidation products, platelet-derived soluble P-selectin and CD40L, thus contributing to an intersection between obesity, inflammation, and thrombosis. In subjects with insulin resistance and T2DM some defects depend on a reduced sensitivity to mediators—such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin—playing a physiological role in the control of platelet aggregability. Furthermore, other alterations occur only in relation to hyperglycemia. In this review, the main cardiometabolic risk factors, all components of metabolic syndrome involved in the prothrombotic tendency, will be taken into account considering some of the mechanisms involved in the alterations of platelet function resulting in platelet hyperactivation.
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Barrachina MN, Izquierdo I, Hermida-Nogueira L, Sueiro AM, Guitián E, Casanueva FF, Farndale RW, Moroi M, Jung SM, Pardo M, García Á. Data on hyper-activation of GPVI signalling in obese patients: Towards the identification of novel antiplatelet targets in obesity. Data Brief 2019; 23:103784. [PMID: 31372431 PMCID: PMC6661234 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This data article is associated with the manuscript "GPVI surface expression and signalling pathway activation are increased in platelets from obese patients: elucidating potential anti-atherothrombotic targets in obesity" [1]. The study refers to a combination of different approaches in order to identify platelet-derived biomarkers in obesity. A total of 34 obese patients and their lean-matched controls were included in the study. We carried out a proteomic and functional (aggregation assays) analysis to find alterations in platelet-derived signalling pathways. After that, biochemical and mechanistic (flow cytometry assays) approaches were done in order to confirm a hyperactivation of the GPVI-related signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- María N. Barrachina
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Spain
| | - Irene Izquierdo
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Spain
| | - Lidia Hermida-Nogueira
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Spain
| | - Aurelio M. Sueiro
- Grupo de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS)/ Servicio de Endocrinología, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXS), Spain
| | - Esteban Guitián
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Unit, Rede de Infraestructuras de Apoio á Investigación e ao Desenvolvemento Tecnolóxico, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Spain,Grupo de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS)/ Servicio de Endocrinología, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXS), Spain
| | - Richard W. Farndale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Masaaki Moroi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie M. Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - María Pardo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Spain,Grupo Obesidómica – Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS)
| | - Ángel García
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Spain,Corresponding author. Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda de Barcelona s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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