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Liu M, Shen X, Yu Y, Li J, Fan J, Jia X, Dai Y. Effect of Different Levels of Maternally Derived Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus-Specific Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibodies on Protection against Virulent Challenge in Chicks. Viruses 2023; 15:1840. [PMID: 37766246 PMCID: PMC10537515 DOI: 10.3390/v15091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by the virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is an acute, highly contagious, and economically significant avian disease worldwide. Vaccination is the most effective measure for controlling ND. In recent years, vaccines matched with the prevalent strains of genotype VII have been developed and are now commercially available. These vaccines can provide full protection for chickens against clinical disease and mortality after challenges with genotype VII viruses and significantly decrease virus shedding compared to conventional vaccines belonging to genotypes I and II. Vaccinated hens can transfer antibodies to their offspring through the egg yolk. Maternally derived antibodies can provide passive protection against diseases but can also interfere with vaccination efficacy early in life. This study was conducted on chicks hatched from hens vaccinated with a commercial genotype VII NDV-matched vaccine to investigate the correlation between hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody levels in chicks and hens and the decaying pattern of maternally derived HI antibodies, and to evaluate the protective efficacy of different levels of maternally derived HI antibodies against challenge with a virulent NDV strain of genotype VII based on survivability and virus shedding. The HI antibody titers in chicks at hatching were about 1.3 log2 lower than those in hens, indicating an antibody transfer rate of approximately 41.52%. The estimated half-life of these antibodies was about 3.2 days. The protective efficacy of maternally derived HI antibodies was positively correlated with the titer. These antibodies could effectively protect chicks against mortality when the titer was 7 log2 or higher, but they were unable to prevent virus shedding or infection even at a high titer of 11 log2. The obtained results will greatly assist producers in determining the immune status of chicks and formulating appropriate vaccination schedules against ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
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Shrestha A, Meeuws R, Sadeyen JR, Chang P, Van Hulten M, Iqbal M. Haemagglutinin antigen selectively targeted to chicken CD83 overcomes interference from maternally derived antibodies in chickens. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:33. [PMID: 35241682 PMCID: PMC8894371 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) are important for protecting chickens against pathogens in the neonatal stage however, they often interfere with vaccine performance. Here, we investigated the effects of MDAs on a targeted antigen delivery vaccine (TADV), which is developed by conjugating H9 subtype avian influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) antigen to single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies specific for the chicken antigen presenting cell receptor CD83. Groups of 1-day-old chickens carrying high levels of MDAs (MDA++) and 14-day old chickens carrying medium levels of MDAs (MDA+) were immunised with TADV (rH9HA-CD83 scFv), untargeted rH9HA or inactivated H9N2 vaccines. Immunogenicity in these vaccinated chickens was compared using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that the TADV (rH9HA-CD83 scFv) induced significantly higher levels of H9HA-specific antibody titres compared to the untargeted rH9HA and inactivated H9N2 vaccines in MDA++ and MDA+ chickens. Overall, the data demonstrates immune responses induced by TADV are not affected by the MDA in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angita Shrestha
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
- Department of Zoology, Peter Medawar Building, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Rick Meeuws
- Global Poultry R&D Biologicals Boxmeer, Intervet International BV, MSD Animal Health, Wim De Körverstraat 35, 5831 AN, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Remy Sadeyen
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Pengxiang Chang
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Marielle Van Hulten
- Global Poultry R&D Biologicals Boxmeer, Intervet International BV, MSD Animal Health, Wim De Körverstraat 35, 5831 AN, Boxmeer, The Netherlands
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.
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Ismiraj MR, Arts JAJ, Parmentier HK. Maternal Transfer of Natural (Auto-) Antibodies in Chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2380-2391. [PMID: 30690626 PMCID: PMC6527509 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and relative levels (titers) of IgM and IgG natural antibodies (NAb) binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and natural (auto-) antibodies (N(A)Ab) binding salmon double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), (oxidated-) phosphatidyl (phosphoryl) choline-conjugated bovine serum albumin (PC-BSA), PC-conjugated ovalbumin (PC-OVA), and OVA, respectively, were studied in adult hen plasma, egg yolk, egg albumen, plasma of their hatchlings, and in 8-day-old chick plasma. Birds and eggs were from 2 lines divergently selected for high or low NAb levels binding KLH. This study aimed to determine 1) correlated phenotypic responses of selection for NAb to KLH, 2) transfer of maternal NAb and N(A)Ab via egg compartments, 3) levels of likely maternal NAb and N(A)Ab in hatchlings and 8-day-old chicks, and 4) whether a composite trait: IgM anti-PC-BSA/IgG anti-dsDNA ratio in the compartments could be used as a parameter for health or immune status. NAb and N(A)Ab to all tested antigens were found in adult hens, but low or no levels were found for IgM in yolk and IgG in albumen. Depending on the antigen, NAb and N(A)Ab were found in hatchlings and day 8 birds. Divergent selection and breeding based on NAb binding KLH affected antibody titers of almost all antigens in almost all compartments, in a similar way. Maternal transfer of NAb and N(A)Ab from the adult hen to offspring was via specific routes for specific antigens and isotypes, especially for IgG as suggested by cluster analyses and significant correlations. There was little indication of production of new NAb and N(A)Ab to the studied antigens in either the egg compartments or the hatchlings. A composite trait of IgM PC-BSA/IgG dsDNA ratio was as yet not indicative for immune status, as no significant differences were found between the lines for all compartments. In conclusion, hens provide neonatal chickens with natural (self-) binding IgG antibodies that have been proposed to perform homeostatic functions during the period in which neonates do not produce these antibodies themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rifqi Ismiraj
- Section of Immunology, Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joop A J Arts
- Section of Immunology, Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk K Parmentier
- Section of Immunology, Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Csaba G. Hormonal Imprinting: The First Cellular-level Evidence of Epigenetic Inheritance and its Present State. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:409-418. [PMID: 32476998 PMCID: PMC7235388 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666191116113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormonal imprinting takes place perinatally at the first encounter between the developing hormone receptor and its target hormone. This process is needed for the normal function of the receptor-hormone pair and its effect is life-long. However, in this critical period, when the developmental window is open, related molecules (members of the same hormone family, synthetic hormones and hormone-like molecules, endocrine disruptors) also can be bound by the receptor, causing life-long faulty imprinting. In this case, the receptors’ binding capacity changes and alterations are caused at adult age in the sexual and behavioral sphere, in the brain and bones, inclination to diseases and manifestation of diseases, etc. Hereby, faulty hormonal imprinting is the basis of metabolic and immunological imprinting as well as the developmental origin of health and disease (DOHaD). Although the perinatal period is the most critical for faulty imprinting, there are other critical periods as weaning and adolescence, when the original imprinting can be modified or new imprintings develop. Hormonal imprinting is an epigenetic process, without changing the base sequence of DNA, it is inherited in the cell line of the imprinted cells and also transgenerationally (up to 1000 generations in unicellulars and up to the 3rd generation in mammals are justified). Considering the enormously growing number and amount of faulty imprinters (endocrine disruptors) and the hereditary character of faulty imprinting, this latter is threatening the whole human endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Csaba
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Burness G, Moher D, Ben-Ezra N, Kelly RJ, Hasselquist D, Chin EH. Maternal immunization increases nestling energy expenditure, immune function, and fledging success in a passerine bird. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/4/bio028803. [PMID: 29618466 PMCID: PMC5936053 DOI: 10.1242/bio.028803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Female birds transfer maternally derived antibodies (matAb) to their nestlings, via the egg yolk. These antibodies are thought to provide passive protection, and allow nestlings to avoid the costs associated with mounting an innate immune response. To test whether there is an energetic benefit to nestlings from receiving matAb, we challenged adult female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) prior to clutch initiation with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline (Control). Following hatching, one half of each female's nestlings were immunized on day 8 post-hatch with LPS or saline, and the 4-h post-immunization nestling metabolic rate (MR) was measured. There was no difference in either LPS-reactive antibodies or total Ig levels between offspring of immunized and non-immunized mothers on day 6 or 14 post-hatch, possibly reflecting a relatively short half-life of matAbs in altricial birds. Additionally, we found no evidence that nestlings from LPS-immunized mothers could avoid the growth suppression that may result from activation of an inflammatory response. Unexpectedly, we found that control nestlings from LPS mothers had higher resting MR than control nestlings of control mothers. We attribute the increased MR to the costs associated with a general non-specific enhancement of immune function in nestlings from LPS-immunized mothers. Consistent with enhanced immune function, nestlings of immunized mothers had a more robust inflammatory response to phytohaemagglutinin and higher fledging success. Our results suggest that maternal antigen exposure pre-laying can result in increased fitness for both mothers and offspring, depending on food availability. Summary: Exposure of female birds to a simulated pathogen prior to egg laying increases the metabolic rate, immune function, and fledging success of her nestlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Deanna Moher
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Noah Ben-Ezra
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Ryan J Kelly
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | | | - Eunice H Chin
- Environmental and Life Science Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
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Ma Y, Ke C, Wan Z, Li Z, Cheng X, Wang X, Zhao J, Ma Y, Ren L, Han H, Zhao Y. Truncation of the Murine Neonatal Fc Receptor Cytoplasmic Tail Does Not Alter IgG Metabolism or Transport In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1413-1424. [PMID: 29298832 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is involved in IgG metabolism and transport in placental mammals. However, whether FcRn is responsible for IgG transfer from maternal serum to colostrum/milk is controversial. Interestingly, large domestic animals, such as cows, pigs, sheep, and horses, in which passive IgG transfer is exclusively completed via colostrum/milk, all express an FcRn α-chain that is shorter in the cytoplasmic tail (CYT) than its counterparts in humans and rodents. To address whether the length variation has any functional significance, we performed in vitro experiments using the Transwell system with the MDCK cell line stably transfected with various FcRn constructs; these clearly suggested that truncation of the CYT tail caused a polar change in IgG transfer. However, we observed no evidence supporting functional changes in IgG in vivo using mice in which the FcRn CYT was precisely truncated. These data suggest that the length variation in FcRn is not functionally associated with passive IgG transfer routes in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuncun Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China;
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China;
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Lardinois A, Vandersleyen O, Steensels M, Desloges N, Mast J, van den Berg T, Lambrecht B. Stronger Interference of Avian Influenza Virus-Specific Than Newcastle Disease Virus-Specific Maternally Derived Antibodies with a Recombinant NDV-H5 Vaccine. Avian Dis 2017; 60:191-201. [PMID: 27309055 DOI: 10.1637/11133-050815-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Maternally derived antibodies (MDA) are known to provide early protection from disease but also to interfere with vaccination efficacy of young chicks. This interference phenomenon is well described in the literature for viral diseases such as infectious bursal disease, Newcastle disease (ND), and avian influenza (AI). The goal of this work was to investigate the impact of H5 MDA and/or ND virus (NDV) MDA on the vaccine efficacy of a recombinant NDV-H5-vectored vaccine (rNDV-H5) against two antigenically divergent highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) H5N1 challenges. In chickens with both H5 and NDV MDA, a strong interference was observed with reduced clinical protection when compared to vaccinated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. In contrast, in chickens from commercial suppliers with NDV MDA only, a beneficial impact on the vaccine efficacy was observed with full protection and reduced viral excretion in comparison with rNDV-H5-vaccinated SPF chickens. To distinguish between the respective effects of the H5 and NDV MDA, an SPF model where passive immunity had been artificially induced by inoculations of H5 and NDV hyperimmunized polysera, respectively, was used. In the presence of H5 artificial MDA, a strong interference reflected by a reduction in vaccine protection was demonstrated whereas no interference and even an enhancing protective effect was confirmed in presence of NDV MDA. The present work suggests that H5 and NDV MDA interact differently with the rNDV-H5 vaccine with different consequences on its efficacy, the mechanisms of which require further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélyne Lardinois
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Vandersleyen
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mieke Steensels
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Desloges
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Mast
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry van den Berg
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Lambrecht
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Lemke H. Maternal antibodies' role in immunity. Science 2017; 355:704-705. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilmar Lemke
- Biochemical Institute of the Christian Albrechts-University at Kiel, Kiel, 24098, Germany
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9
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Gostic KM, Ambrose M, Worobey M, Lloyd-Smith JO. Maternal antibodies' role in immunity—Response. Science 2017; 355:705. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam7389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M. Gostic
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Monique Ambrose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Worobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - James O. Lloyd-Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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10
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Beemelmanns A, Roth O. Grandparental immune priming in the pipefish Syngnathus typhle. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:44. [PMID: 28173760 PMCID: PMC5297188 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phenotypic changes in response to environmental influences can persist from one generation into the next. In many systems parental parasite experience influences offspring immune responses, known as transgenerational immune priming (TGIP). TGIP in vertebrates is mainly maternal and short-term, supporting the adaptive immune system of the offspring during its maturation. However, if fathers and offspring have a close physical connection, evolution of additional paternal immune priming can be adaptive. Biparental TGIP may result in maximized immunological protection. Here, we investigate multigenerational biparental TGIP in the sex-role reversed pipefish Syngnathus typhle by exposing grandparents to an immune challenge with heat-killed bacteria and assessing gene expression (44 target genes) of the F2-generation. Results Grandparental immune challenge induced gene expression of immune genes in one-week-old grandoffspring. Similarly, genes mediating epigenetic regulation including DNA-methylation and histone modifications were involved in grandparental immune priming. While grand-maternal impact was strong on genes of the complement component system, grand-paternal exposure changed expression patterns of genes mediating innate immune defense. Conclusion In a system with male pregnancy, grandparents influenced the immune system of their grandoffspring in a sex-specific manner, demonstrating multigenerational biparental TGIP. The involvement of epigenetic effects suggests that TGIP via the paternal line may not be limited to the pipefish system that displays male pregnancy. While the benefits and costs of grandparental TGIP depend on the temporal heterogeneity of environmental conditions, multigenerational TGIP may affect host-parasite coevolution by dampening the amplitude of Red Queen Dynamics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0885-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beemelmanns
- Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olivia Roth
- Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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11
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Merrill L, Grindstaff JL. Maternal antibody transfer can lead to suppression of humoral immunity in developing zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 87:740-51. [PMID: 25244385 DOI: 10.1086/677218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Maternally transferred antibodies have been documented in a wide range of taxa and are thought to adaptively provide protection against parasites and pathogens while the offspring immune system is developing. In most birds, transfer occurs when females deposit immunoglobulin Y into the egg yolk, and it is proportional to the amount in the female's plasma. Maternal antibodies can provide short-term passive protection as well as specific and nonspecific immunological priming, but high levels of maternal antibody can result in suppression of the offspring's humoral immune response. We injected adult female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) with one of two antigens (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] or keyhole limpet hemocyanin [KLH]) or a control and then injected offspring with LPS, KLH, or a control on days 5 and 28 posthatch to examine the impact of maternally transferred antibodies on the ontogeny of the offspring's humoral immune system. We found that offspring of females exposed to KLH had elevated levels of KLH-reactive antibody over the first 17-28 days posthatch but reduced KLH-specific antibody production between days 28 and 36. We also found that offspring exposed to either LPS or KLH exhibited reduced total antibody levels, compared to offspring that received a control injection. These results indicate that high levels of maternal antibodies or antigen exposure during development can have negative repercussions on short-term antibody production and may have long-term fitness repercussions for the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Merrill
- Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078; 2Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulf Palinski
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
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13
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Lardinois A, van den Berg T, Lambrecht B, Steensels M. A model for the transfer of passive immunity against Newcastle disease and avian influenza in specific pathogen free chickens. Avian Pathol 2014; 43:118-24. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.880407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Nguyen TG, Ward CM, Morris JM. To B or not to B cells-mediate a healthy start to life. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 171:124-34. [PMID: 23286939 PMCID: PMC3573283 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune responses during pregnancy are critical in programming the future health of a newborn. The maternal immune system is required to accommodate fetal immune tolerance as well as to provide a protective defence against infections for the immunocompromised mother and her baby during gestation and lactation. Natural immunity and antibody production by maternal B cells play a significant role in providing such immunoprotection. However, aberrations in the B cell compartment as a consequence of maternal autoimmunity can pose serious risks to both the mother and her baby. Despite their potential implication in shaping pregnancy outcomes, the role of B cells in human pregnancy has been poorly studied. This review focuses on the role of B cells and the implications of B cell depletion therapy in pregnancy. It highlights the evidence of an association between aberrant B cell compartment and obstetric conditions. It also alludes to the potential mechanisms that amplify these B cell aberrances and thereby contribute to exacerbation of some maternal autoimmune conditions and poor neonatal outcomes. Clinical and experimental evidence suggests strongly that maternal autoantibodies contribute directly to the pathologies of obstetric and neonatal conditions that have significant implications for the lifelong health of a newborn. The evidence for clinical benefit and safety of B cell depletion therapies in pregnancy is reviewed, and an argument is mounted for further clinical evaluation of B cell-targeted therapies in high-risk pregnancy, with an emphasis on improving neonatal outcomes and prevention of neonatal conditions such as congenital heart block and fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Nguyen
- Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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15
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Kondrashova A, Seiskari T, Ilonen J, Knip M, Hyöty H. The 'Hygiene hypothesis' and the sharp gradient in the incidence of autoimmune and allergic diseases between Russian Karelia and Finland. APMIS 2012; 121:478-93. [PMID: 23127244 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune and allergic diseases have become a major health problem in the Western world during past decades. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that decreased microbial exposure in childhood leads to increasing prevalence of these diseases. This review summarizes epidemiological evidence and current immunological knowledge concerning the hygiene hypothesis. Recent results from Russian Karelia and Finland imply that environmental factors have greatly contributed to the increasing prevalence of immune-mediated disorders. Infections, or lack of them, may indeed be strongly involved in the development of both autoimmune and allergic diseases.
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16
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Schury K, Kolassa IT. Biological memory of childhood maltreatment: current knowledge and recommendations for future research. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1262:93-100. [PMID: 22823440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Child maltreatment (CM) not only has detrimental and lifelong psychological consequences, but also can lead to lasting alterations in core physiological systems--a biological memory of CM. Furthermore, some of these alterations might even be transmitted to the next generation. This article describes current knowledge about the effects of CM on the stress system (i.e., the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis), on cellular aging (i.e., telomere length and telomerase activity), and on the immune system. Furthermore, we want to initiate research on the question of transmission of the described physiological alterations subsequent to CM to the next generation--possibly through epigenetic imprinting. As diverse neurobiological factors and epigenetics are closely linked, these different research fields should join forces to gain a deeper understanding of the biological determinants and sequelae of CM and its transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schury
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Clinical and Biological Psychology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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17
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PGRP-LB is a maternally transmitted immune milk protein that influences symbiosis and parasitism in tsetse's offspring. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:10552-7. [PMID: 22689989 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116431109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial microbe functions range from host dietary supplementation to development and maintenance of host immune system. In mammals, newborn progeny are quickly colonized with a symbiotic fauna that is provisioned in mother's milk and that closely resembles that of the parent. Tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) also depends on the obligate symbiont Wigglesworthia for nutritional supplementation, optimal fecundity, and immune system development. Tsetse progeny develop one at a time in an intrauterine environment and receive nourishment and symbionts in mother's milk. We show that the host Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein (PGRP-LB) is expressed only in adults and is a major component of the milk that nourishes the developing progeny. The amidase activity associated with PGRP-LB may scavenge the symbiotic peptidoglycan and prevent the induction of tsetse's Immune Deficiency pathway that otherwise can damage the symbionts. Reduction of PGRP-LB experimentally diminishes female fecundity and damages Wigglesworthia in the milk through induction of antimicrobial peptides, including Attacin. Larvae that receive less maternal PGRP-LB give rise to adults with fewer Wigglesworthia and hyperimmune responses. Such adults also suffer dysregulated immunity, as indicated by the presence of higher trypanosome densities in parasitized adults. We show that recPGRP-LB has antimicrobial and antitrypanosomal activities that may regulate symbiosis and impact immunity. Thus, PGRP-LB plays a pivotal role in tsetse's fitness by protecting symbiosis against host-inflicted damage during development and by controlling parasite infections in adults that can otherwise reduce host fecundity.
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Davila H, Didoli G, Bottasso O, Stanford J. Maternal immunization with actinomycetales immunomodulators reduces parasitemias in offspring challenged with Trypanosoma cruzi. Immunotherapy 2011; 3:577-83. [PMID: 21463197 DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes the first use of heat-killed, borate-buffered preparations of aerobic actinomycetales to immunize pregnant animals in order to determine the effect on their pregnancy and fertility and the survival coefficients of their offspring. Pregnant rats received three injections of Gordonia bronchialis, Rhodococcus coprophylus or physiological saline and a proportion of their offspring were challenged with live Trypanosoma cruzi at the time of weaning. Levels of parasitemia and, in some animals, of the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-10 were measured. The progress of pregnancy, fertility and survival of offspring were unaffected by the maternal immunizations. The offspring of rats immunized with G. bronchialis displayed significantly reduced parasitemias, with increased levels of IFN-γ and reduced levels of IL-10, 4 days after challenge. The offspring of rats immunized with R. coprophylus displayed greater parasitemias than did those of the control group. These unexpected results are discussed and their causation considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Davila
- Instituto de Inmunologia, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina
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Abstract
The role of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract has undergone significant modification in the past few decades with new observations from clinical, epidemiologic, and basic science research. We now know that the perception of these gut microbes as pathogens or even as commensals is somewhat outdated. It is becoming increasingly clear that the gut microbiome plays an important role in a host of activities including digestion, protection from potentially pathogenic organisms, and the regulation and development of the host immune system. The complex interactions between microbes and host combined with recent clinical observations and epidemiologic trends may point to the convergence of two well-supported (though imperfect) hypotheses: the "hygiene hypothesis" and the "fetal programming hypothesis." We are beginning to understand that exposure to microbes before conception, during gestation, and in the neonatal period have profound effects on the developing immune system. Recent observations from a variety of fields help support the expansion of the "fetal programming hypothesis" to a host-microbe corollary that microbe-host interactions at critical windows influence the future immune phenotype, the maintenance of immune health, and the development of immune-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess L Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics and Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Ardia DR, Parmentier HK, Vogel LA. The role of constraints and limitation in driving individual variation in immune response. Funct Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Ardia
- Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604, USA
| | - Henk K. Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A. Vogel
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, USA
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Inagaki J, Hao L, Nakatsuka M, Yasuda T, Hiramatsu Y, Shoenfeld Y, Matsuura E. A possible mechanism of autoimmune-mediated infertility in women with endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66:90-9. [PMID: 21223425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Endometriosis has been proposed to be an autoimmune disease because of the presence of a variety of autoantibodies specific for endometrial or ovarian antigens. The object of the present study is to characterize binding specificity of anti-laminin-111 autoantibodies in infertile patients with endometriosis and to investigate whether these autoantibodies affect the in vitro embryo development. METHOD OF STUDY An ELISA analysis using overlapping synthesized peptides that covered the entire G domain of laminin-α1 chain was performed in infertile patients with endometriosis (n = 45). Mouse blastocysts were cultured in media containing the purified IgG from one antibody-positive serum on laminin-111-coated dishes. RESULTS Anti-laminin-111 autoantibodies were directed to several particular biologically functional peptide sequences in laminin-α 1 chain G domain. The tested IgG significantly inhibited the extent of in vitro trophoblast outgrowth. CONCLUSION Anti-laminin-111 autoantibodies may have major pathogenic roles on early reproductive failure including endometriosis-associated infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Inagaki
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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Staszewski V, Siitari H. Antibody injection in the egg yolk: maternal antibodies affect humoral immune response of the offspring. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Addison B, Ricklefs RE, Klasing KC. Do maternally derived antibodies and early immune experience shape the adult immune response? Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Tanasa RI, Trad A, Lange H, Grötzinger J, Lemke H. Allergen IgE-isotype-specific suppression by maternally derived monoclonal anti-IgG-idiotype. Allergy 2010; 65:16-23. [PMID: 19624555 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dramatic increase of IgE-mediated allergic diseases in western countries demonstrates the urgent need for new therapeutic or prophylactic approaches. In mice, a prophylactic long-lasting allergen-specific suppression of IgE responsiveness is induced by maternal IgG antibodies to allergens like ovalbumin, phospholipase A(2) (bvPLA(2)) or ovomucoid. As neonatal application or maternally derived pathogen-reactive antibodies (idiotypes) as well as corresponding anti-idiotypes can induce anti-microbial protection, we probed the transgenerational IgE-suppressive mechanism with a syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody. METHODS The monoclonal bee-venom-phospholipase A(2) (bvPLA(2))-reactive IgG antibody MS613 (idiotype) or the corresponding syngeneic anti-idiotype II/2-19 were injected during the first 2 days postpartum to the dams. Immunization of offspring with minute doses of IgE-inducing bvPLA(2) was started at an adult age of 3(1/2) months. RESULTS The postnatal transfer of the anti-bvPLA(2) idiotype MS613 or the corresponding anti-idiotype II/2-19 induced long-lasting allergen-specific IgE suppression in a dose-dependent manner, while the IgG response to the allergen developed normally. Quantitatively, the anti-idiotype was more effective than idiotype. Molecular modeling of the idiotype-anti-idiotype complex and its comparison with the bvPLA(2) structure revealed that the anti-idiotype does not mimic bvPLA(2) epitopes and thus can not be regarded as an internal image antibody and, consequently, does not function as a surrogate antigen. CONCLUSIONS Idiotypic network reactivity is at least one major factor for induction of transgenerational IgE suppression by maternal IgG antibodies. If applicable to humans, these data suggest the possibility of a prophylactic and possibly therapeutic treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases with anti-idiotypic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Tanasa
- Biochemical Institute of the Medical Faculty, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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