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Bakery HH, Hussein HAA, Ahmed OM, Abuelsaad ASA, Khalil RG. The potential therapeutic role of IL-35 in pathophysiological processes in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cytokine 2024; 182:156732. [PMID: 39126765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
A chronic autoimmune condition known as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has characteristics marked by a gradual immune-mediated deterioration of the β-cells that produce insulin and causes overt hyperglycemia. it affects more than 1.2 million kids and teenagers (0-19 years old). In both, the initiation and elimination phases of T1DM, cytokine-mediated immunity is crucial in controlling inflammation. T regulatory (Treg) cells, a crucial anti-inflammatory CD4+ T cell subset, secretes interleukin-35 (IL-35). The IL-35 has immunomodulatory properties by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cells and cytokines, increasing the secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10) as well as transforming Growth Factor- β (TGF-β), along with stimulating the Treg and B regulatory (Breg) cells. IL-35, it is a possible target for cutting-edge therapies for cancers, inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune diseases, including TIDM. Unanswered questions surround IL-35's function in T1DM. Increasing data suggests Treg cells play a crucial role in avoiding autoimmune T1DM. Throughout this review, we will explain the biological impacts of IL-35 and highlight the most recently progresses in the roles of IL-35 in treatment of T1DM; the knowledge gathered from these findings might lead to the development of new T1DM treatments. This review demonstrates the potential of IL-35 as an effective autoimmune diabetes inhibitor and points to its potential therapeutic value in T1DM clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Bakery
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Heba A A Hussein
- Faculty of Medicine, Egyptian Fellowship of Radiology, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | | | - Rehab G Khalil
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
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2
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Chakraborty R, Mukherjee AK, Bala A. Breakthroughs in road mapping IL-35 mediated immunotherapy for type-1 and autoimmune diabetes mellitus. Cytokine 2024; 181:156692. [PMID: 38986251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
IL-35 is a recently discovered protein made up of IL-12α and IL-27β chains. It is encoded by IL12A and EBI3 genes. Interest in researching IL-35 has significantly increased in recent years, as evidenced by numerous scientific publications. Diabetes is on the rise globally, causing more illness and death in developing countries. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reports that diabetes is increasingly affecting children and teenagers, with varying rates across different regions. Therefore, scientists seek new diabetes treatments despite the growth of drug research. Recent research aims to emphasize IL-35 as a critical regulator of diabetes, especially type 1 and autoimmune diabetes. This review provides an overview of recent research on IL-35 and its link to diabetes and its associated complications. Studies suggest that IL-35 can offer protection against type-1 diabetes and autoimmune diabetes by regulating macrophage polarization, T-cell-related cytokines, and regulatory B cells (Bregs). This review will hopefully assist biomedical scientists in exploring the potential role of IL-35-mediated immunotherapy in treating diabetes. However, further research is necessary to determine the exact mechanism and plan clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Chakraborty
- Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR (an Indian Institute of National Importance), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
| | - Asis Bala
- Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR (an Indian Institute of National Importance), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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3
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Sun X, Gu R, Bai J. Differentiation and regulation of CD4 + T cell subsets in Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:352. [PMID: 39153043 PMCID: PMC11335276 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and its hallmark pathological features are the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). It has been shown that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is damaged in PD patients, and a large number of infiltrating T cells and inflammatory cytokines have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain parenchyma of PD patients and PD animal models, including significant change in the number and proportion of different CD4+ T cell subsets. This suggests that the neuroinflammatory response caused by CD4+ T cells is an important risk factor for the development of PD. Here, we systematically review the differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets, and focus on describing the functions and mechanisms of different CD4+ T cell subsets and their secreted cytokines in PD. We also summarize the current immunotherapy targeting CD4+ T cells with a view to providing assistance in the diagnosis and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Rou Gu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China.
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4
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Zhang B, Sun C, Zhu Y, Qin H, Kong D, Zhang J, Shao B, Li X, Ren S, Wang H, Hao J, Wang H. Upregulation of TCPTP in Macrophages Is Involved in IL-35 Mediated Attenuation of Experimental Colitis. Mediators Inflamm 2024; 2024:3282679. [PMID: 38962170 PMCID: PMC11221972 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3282679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with complex etiology. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), as a cytokine with immunomodulatory function, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on UC, but its mechanism is not yet clear. Therefore, we constructed Pichia pastoris stably expressing IL-35 which enables the cytokines to reach the diseased mucosa, and explored whether upregulation of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) in macrophages is involved in the mechanisms of IL-35-mediated attenuation of UC. After the successful construction of engineered bacteria expressing IL-35, a colitis model was successfully induced by giving BALB/c mice a solution containing 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Mice were treated with Pichia/IL-35, empty plasmid-transformed Pichia (Pichia/0), or PBS by gavage, respectively. The expression of TCPTP in macrophages (RAW264.7, BMDMs) and intestinal tissues after IL-35 treatment was detected. After administration of Pichia/IL-35, the mice showed significant improvement in weight loss, bloody stools, and shortened colon. Colon pathology also showed that the inflammatory condition of mice in the Pichia/IL-35 treatment group was alleviated. Notably, Pichia/IL-35 treatment not only increases local M2 macrophages but also decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the colon. With Pichia/IL-35 treatment, the proportion of M1 macrophages, Th17, and Th1 cells in mouse MLNs were markedly decreased, while Tregs were significantly increased. In vitro experiments, IL-35 significantly promoted the expression of TCPTP in macrophages stimulated with LPS. Similarly, the mice in the Pichia/IL-35 group also expressed more TCPTP than that of the untreated group and the Pichia/0 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoren Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenglu Sun
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanglin Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Dejun Kong
- School of MedicineNankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohua Ren
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingpeng Hao
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryTianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Precise Vascular Reconstruction and Organ Function Repair, Tianjin, China
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Cai X, Gui RY, Wu J, Wang CC, Zhu XL, Fu HX, Zhang XH. Decreased Expression of IL-35 and Its Receptor Contributes to Impaired Megakaryopoiesis in the Pathogenesis of Immune Thrombocytopenia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305798. [PMID: 38225757 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Recent findings have shown that the level of interleukin-35 (IL-35) is abnormal in several autoimmune diseases. Nonetheless, whether IL-35 participates in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains unclear. The current study investigates whether IL-35 modulates megakaryopoiesis. The results show that IL-35 receptors are progressively expressed on bone marrow megakaryocytes during the in vitro differentiation of CD34+ progenitors. IL-35 increases the number of megakaryocyte colony-forming units through the Akt pathway. The level of bone marrow IL-35 is reduced in ITP patients, and the decreased level of IL-35 may inhibit megakaryopoiesis. Then, the potential causes of decreased IL-35 in ITP patients are explored. The primary type of cell that secretes IL-35, known as IL-35-producing regulatory T cells (iTr35), is reduced in ITP patients. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from ITP patients exhibit an impaired capability of inducing iTr35 due to enhanced apoptosis, which may contribute to the reduced level of bone marrow IL-35 in ITP patients. Iguratimod promotes megakaryocyte development and differentiation by elevating the expression of IL-35 receptors on megakaryocytes. Iguratimod improves response rates and reduces bleeding symptoms in corticosteroid-resistant ITP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cai
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Ruo-Yun Gui
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chen-Cong Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hai-Xia Fu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, 100044, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, 100044, China
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6
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Yi P, Yu W, Xiong Y, Dong Y, Huang Q, Lin Y, Du Y, Hua F. IL-35: New Target for Immunotherapy Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:148-158. [PMID: 37988561 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 35(IL-35) is a newly discovered inhibitory cytokine of the IL12 family. More recently, IL-35 was found to be increased in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and peripheral blood of many patients with cancer, indicating that it plays an important role in the TME. Tumors secrete cytokines that recruit myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Treg) into the TME to promote malignant progression, which is a great challenge for cancer treatment. Radiotherapy causes serious adverse effects, and tumor resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors is still an unsolved challenge. Thus, new cancer therapy approaches are urgently needed. Numerous studies have shown that IL-35 can recruit immunosuppressive cells to enable tumor immune escape by promoting the conversion of immune cells into a tumor growth-promoting phenotype as well as facilitating tumor angiogenesis. IL-35-neutralizing antibodies were found to boost the chemotherapeutic effect of gemcitabine and considerably reduce the microvascular density of pancreatic cancer in mice. Therefore, targeting IL-35 in the TME provides a promising cancer treatment target. In addition, IL-35 may be used as an independent prognostic factor for some tumors in the near future. This review intends to reveal the interplay of IL-35 with immune cells in the TME, which may provide new options for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Fuzhou First People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yao Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchang Central Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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7
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Sharifinejad N, Mahmoudi E. Dual function of fungi-derived cytokines in inflammatory bowel diseases: protection or inflammation. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2023; 11:goad068. [PMID: 38058517 PMCID: PMC10697736 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition involving both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Recently, the role of intestinal fungal flora and their downstream immune pathways has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of IBD. Cytokines as primary immune mediators require a delicate balance for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Although most cytokines have a predictable role in either amplifying or attenuating inflammation in IBD, a few cytokines have shown a dual function in the inflammatory state of the intestine. Some of these dual-faced cytokines are also involved in mucosal anti-microbial defense pathways, particularly against intestinal fungal residents. Here, we reviewed the role of these cytokines in IBD pathogenesis to achieve a better understanding of the fungal interactions in the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Sharifinejad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mahmoudi
- Department of Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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8
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Lin S, Xu Z, Lin Z, Xie B, Feng J. Advances in pathogenesis and treatment of ocular involvement in Behcet's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206959. [PMID: 37841268 PMCID: PMC10570607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic multi-systemic disease characterized by relapsing-remitting oral ulcers, genital ulcers, ocular inflammatory involvements, and numerous other systemic features. Ocular involvements are quite common in BD and may cause severe tissue damage and potentially blindness. Even though the pathogenesis of BD remains ambiguous, growing evidences have shown that genetic factors, environmental triggers and immunological abnormalities play significant roles in its development and progression. Novel biotherapies targeting IFN-γ, TNF-α and interleukins have been used in recent years. In this review, we mainly pay attention to the ocular involvement of BD, and discuss the current understanding of mechanisms and advances in therapeutic approaches, especially novel biologics. Finally, we discuss the management in patients with pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suibin Lin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhangpu Hospital, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhangpu Hospital, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baozhao Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (Wuzhou Gongren Hospital), Wuzhou, China
| | - Junmei Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Negi S, Tandel N, Sharma P, Kumar R, Tyagi RK. Aceclofenac and methotrexate combination therapy could influence Th1/Th17 axis to modulate rheumatoid-arthritis-induced inflammation. Drug Discov Today 2023:103671. [PMID: 37330038 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory, autoimmune and connective-tissue arthropathy. The methotrexate (MTX) and aceclofenac (ACL) combination drug regimen is known to regulate the immunological pathways. Also, RA-elicited inflammation is decreased by the combination drug treatment. ACL and MTX combination treatment has been shown to regulate the signaling pathway controlled by NF-κB and FOXO1. The present manuscript reviews the importance of the combination drug regimen to treat and/or manage RA. The combination drug regimen could affect the Th1/Th17 axis to switch the balance toward the immunoregulatory (Th1) phenotype for establishing immune homeostasis. In conclusion, we propose the study of the immunological signaling pathways in experimental humanized RA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Negi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG highway, Ahmedabad-382481, India
| | - Prakriti Sharma
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Rajinder Kumar
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Rajeev K Tyagi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Nano-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036, India.
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10
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Reza Lahimchi M, Eslami M, Yousefi B. Interleukin-35 and Interleukin-37 anti-inflammatory effect on inflammatory bowel disease: Application of non-coding RNAs in IBD therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109932. [PMID: 37012889 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a widespread autoimmune disease that may even be life-threatening. IBD is divided into two major subtypes: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Interleukin (IL)-35 and IL-37 are anti-inflammatory cytokines that belong to IL-12 and IL-1 families, respectively. Their recruitment relieves inflammation in various autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and IBD. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs) are the primary producers of IL-35/IL-37. IL-35 and IL-37 orchestrate the regulation of the immune system through two main strategies: Blocking nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways or promoting the proliferation of Tregs and Bregs. Moreover, IL-35 and IL-37 can also inhibit inflammation by adjusting the T helper (Th)17/Treg ratio balance. Among the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-35 and IL-37 have significant potential to reduce intestinal inflammation. Therefore, administering IL-35/IL-37-based drugs or blocking their inhibitor microRNAs could be a promising approach to alleviate IBD symptoms. Overall, in this review article, we summarized the therapeutic application of IL-35 and IL-37 in both human and experimental models of IBD. Also, it is hoped that this practical information will reach beyond IBD therapy and shed some light on treating all intestinal inflammations.
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11
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Qiu C, Yang L, Liu S, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Jin Z. Interleukin-35 dampens T helper 22 phenotype shift in CD4 +CD25 +CD127 dim/- regulatory T cells in primary biliary cholangitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023:109751. [PMID: 36697307 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The phenotype shift in regulatory T cells (Tregs) contributes to immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The current study was aimed to investigate the regulatory function of interleukin-35 (IL-35) to T helper 22 (Th22) cell phenotype shift in Tregs in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Fifty-five PBC patients and twenty-four controls were enrolled. CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- Tregs and Th22 cells were investigated by flow cytometry. Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mRNA levels were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Plasma IL-10 and IL-22 levels were measured by ELISA. Purified Tregs were stimulated with exogenous IL-35, and were co-cultured with autologous CD4+CD25- T cells. Cellular proliferation and cytokine production was measured. Purified Tregs were also cultured into Th22 condition in the presence or absence of exogenous IL-35, and Th22 phenotype were assessed. PBC patients had lower levels of Treg percentage, FoxP3 mRNA, and plasma IL-10, while had higher levels of Th22 proportion, AhR mRNA, and plasma IL-22. Tregs from PBC patients showed reduced immunosuppressive activity, which presented as increased cellular proliferation, interferon-γ production and decreased IL-35/IL-10 secretion in co-culture system. Tregs shifted into Th22 phenotype in PBC patients with elevated CCR4, CCR6, and CCR10 expression as well as increased IL-22 production. IL-35 not only enhanced inhibitory function of Tregs but also suppressed phenotype shift of Tregs into Th22 phenotype in PBC patients. This process was accompanied by elevation of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 secretion by Tregs from PBC patients. The present data suggested that reduced IL-35 might be insufficient to maintain Tregs function and phenotype shift from Tregs into Th22 phenotype in PBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiu
- Digestive Disease Center, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Yang
- Digestive Disease Center, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Digestive Disease Center, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhui Zhang
- Digestive Disease Center, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Digestive Disease Center, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjing Jin
- Digestive Disease Center, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130041, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zysk W, Gleń J, Trzeciak M. Current Insight into the Role of IL-35 and Its Potential Involvement in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415709. [PMID: 36555351 PMCID: PMC9779445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 35 (IL-35), a new member of the IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines, could induce two different types of regulatory cells including regulatory T and B cells such as IL-35-induced regulatory T cells and IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (IL-10+Bregs), and IL-35-producing regulatory B cells (IL-35+Bregs). These cells appear to play an important role in modulating the immune system in numerous diseases. Several findings suggested that the expression of IL-35 is dysregulated in many autoimmune, inflammatory, and allergic diseases. Due to the functions of IL-35, it seems that this cytokine may act as an efficient therapeutic strategy for numerous conditions including atopic dermatitis (AD). We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of IL-35 in modulating the immune system. Additionally, we highlight IL-35 as a specific immunological target, discuss its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of AD, and hypothesize that IL-35 may become a novel target for the treatment of AD. However, further studies are required to evaluate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Zysk
- Dermatological Students Scientific Association, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Gleń
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-584-40-10
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13
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Xiong H, Tang Z, Xu Y, Shi Z, Guo Z, Liu X, Tan G, Ai X, Guo Q. CD19 +CD24 highCD27 + B cell and interleukin 35 as potential biomarkers of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:48. [PMID: 36494762 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that associates with aberrant activation of B lymphocytes and excessive autoantibodies. Interleukin 10 (IL-10)/interleukin 35 (IL-35) and IL-10/IL-35-producing regulatory B cells have been demonstrated to possess immunosuppressive functions during systemic lupus erythematosus. Here, we detected the proportion of CD19+CD24highCD27+ B cells as well as IL-10 and IL-35 levels in peripheral blood of SLE patients and healthy individuals, and investigated their relations with clinical features of SLE. METHODS 41 SLE patients and 25 healthy controls were recruited. The patients were divided into groups based on SLEDAI score, anti-dsDNA antibody, rash, nephritis and hematological disorder. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD24hiCD27+ B cells. ELISA was used to detect serum levels of IL-10 and IL-35. RESULTS Our results showed that the CD19+CD24highCD27+ B population was decreased in active SLE patients, and anti-correlated with the disease activity. Of note, we found significant increase of IL-10 and decrease of IL-35 in SLE patients with disease activity score > 4, lupus nephritis or hematological disorders compared to those without related clinical features. CONCLUSIONS Reduced CD19+CD24highCD27+ B cells expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. Moreover, we supposed that IL-35 instead of IL-10 played a crucial role in immune regulation during SLE disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetic and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Zengqi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenrui Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixuan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518040, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhen Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuechen Ai
- Department of Dermatology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Enhanced migration and immunoregulatory capacity of BMSCs mediated by overexpression of CXCR4 and IL-35. Mol Immunol 2022; 150:1-8. [PMID: 35908411 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been widely studied for their applications in immunoregulation and tissue repair. However, the therapeutic effects of BMSCs in the body are limited, partly due to the low homing efficiency of BMSCs to affected parts. The stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis is well known to play an essential role in the homing of BMSCs. Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is a newly discovered cytokine confirmed to inhibit overactivated immune function and have a good therapeutic effect on autoimmune diseases. In this study, we innovatively developed dual gene modification of BMSCs by transducing CXCR4 and IL-35 and found that the migration and immunomodulatory activity of genetically engineered BMSCs were significantly enhanced compared to their natural counterparts. These results suggest that BMSCs modified by dual overexpression of CXCR4 and IL-35 may provide a potential treatment strategy for autoimmune diseases.
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15
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Interleukin-35 inhibits angiogenesis through T helper17/ Interleukin-17 related signaling pathways in IL-1β-stimulated SW1353 cells. Mol Immunol 2022; 147:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Hao Y, Dong H, Li W, Lv X, Shi B, Gao P. The Molecular Role of IL-35 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:874823. [PMID: 35719927 PMCID: PMC9204334 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.874823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and a common cause of cancer-related death. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms, pathogenesis, and treatment of NSCLC can help improve patient outcomes. Significant progress has been made in the treatment of NSCLC, and immunotherapy can prolong patient survival. However, the overall cure and survival rates are low, especially in patients with advanced metastases. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), an immunosuppressive factor, is associated with the onset and prognosis of various cancers. Studies have shown that IL-35 expression is elevated in NSCLC, and it is closely related to the progression and prognosis of NSCLC. However, there are few studies on the mechanism of IL-35 in NSCLC. This study discusses the role of IL-35 and its downstream signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of NSCLC and provides new insights into its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongna Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuejiao Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingqing Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Ye X, Li H, Anjum K, Zhong X, Miao S, Zheng G, Liu W, Li L. Dual Role of Indoles Derived From Intestinal Microbiota on Human Health. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903526. [PMID: 35784338 PMCID: PMC9248744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous indole and its derivatives (indoles), considered as promising N-substituted heterocyclic compounds, are tryptophan metabolites derived from intestinal microbiota and exhibit a range of biological activities. Recent studies indicate that indoles contribute to maintaining the biological barrier of the human intestine, which exert the anti-inflammatory activities mainly through activating AhR and PXR receptors to affect the immune system’s function, significantly improving intestinal health (inflammatory bowel disease, hemorrhagic colitis, colorectal cancer) and further promote human health (diabetes mellitus, central system inflammation, and vascular regulation). However, the revealed toxic influences cannot be ignored. Indoxyl sulfate, an indole derivative, performs nephrotoxicity and cardiovascular toxicity. We addressed the interaction between indoles and intestinal microbiota and the indoles’ effects on human health as double-edged swords. This review provides scientific bases for the correlation of indoles with diseases moreover highlights several directions for subsequent indoles-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyi Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Komal Anjum
- Department of Medicine and pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinye Zhong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuping Miao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guowan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lanjuan Li, ; Wei Liu,
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lanjuan Li, ; Wei Liu,
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18
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Zhou B, Li J, Liu R, Zhu L, Peng C. The Role of Crosstalk of Immune Cells in Pathogenesis of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879754. [PMID: 35711438 PMCID: PMC9193815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as recurrent episodes of spontaneous wheal development and/or angioedema for more than six weeks and at least twice a week. The core link in the pathogenesis of CSU is the activation of mast cells, T cells, eosinophils, and other immune cells infiltrating around the small venules of the lesion. Increased vascular permeability, vasodilatation, and recruitment of inflammatory cells directly depend on mast cell mediators’ release. Complex regulatory systems tightly influence the critical roles of mast cells in the local microenvironment. The bias toward Th2 inflammation and autoantibodies derived from B cells, histamine expressed by basophils, and initiation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway by eosinophils or monocytes exerts powerful modulatory influences on mast cells. Cell-to-cell interactions between mast cells and eosinophils/T cells also are regulators of their function and may involve CSU’s pathomechanism. This review summarizes up-to-date knowledge regarding the crosstalk between mast cells and other immune cells, providing the impetus to develop new research concepts and treatment strategies for CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjing Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runqiu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Cong Peng,
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Immunomodulatory Properties of Pomegranate Peel Extract in a Model of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Culture. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061140. [PMID: 35745713 PMCID: PMC9228601 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate peel extract (PoPEx) has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its effect on the adaptive immune system has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, the treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with PoPEx (range 6.25–400 µg/mL) resulted in cytotoxicity at concentrations of 100 µg/mL and higher, due to the induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress, whereas autophagy was reduced. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, the opposite effect on these processes was observed simultaneously with the inhibition of PHA-induced PBMC proliferation and a significant decrease in the expression of CD4. PoPEx differently modulated the expression of activation markers (CD69, CD25, ICOS) and PD1 (inhibitory marker), depending on the dose and T-cell subsets. PoPEx (starting from 12.5 µg/mL) suppressed the production of Th1 (IFN-γ), Th17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22), Th9 (IL-9), and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in culture supernatants. Lower concentrations upregulated Th2 (IL-5 and IL-13) and Treg (IL-10) responses as well as CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+ cell frequency. Higher concentrations of PoPEx increased the frequency of IL-10- and TGF-β-producing T-cells (much higher in the CD4+ subset). In conclusion, our study suggested for the first time complex immunoregulatory effects of PoPEx on T cells, which could assist in the suppression of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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20
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Lin B, Li Y, Jiang N, Huang S, Su W, Zhuo Y. Interleukin-35 suppresses pyroptosis and protects against neuronal death in retinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Xie Y, Zhang H, Huang J, Zhang Q. Interleukin-35 in autoimmune dermatoses: Current concepts. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:589-600. [PMID: 35434379 PMCID: PMC8941186 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a lately observed cytokine and is part of the IL-12 cytokine family. IL-35 includes two subunits, p35 and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3, and activates subsequent signaling pathways by binding to receptors to mediate signal transduction, thereby modulating the immunoregulatory functions of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and other immune cell types. Although there is currently limited research on the roles of IL-35 in human autoimmunity, many studies have demonstrated that IL-35 may mediate immunosuppression. Therefore, it plays an essential role in some autoimmune dermatoses, including systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, and dermatomyositis. We will introduce the structure and biological characteristics of IL-35 and summarize its effects on the occurrence and development of autoimmune dermatoses in this article. It is suggested that IL-35 is a possible target for therapy in the aforementioned diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Xie
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Junke Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics , #139 Renmin Middle Rd , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
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22
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Mirlekar B. Tumor promoting roles of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-4, and IL-35: Its implications in cancer immunotherapy. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121211069012. [PMID: 35096390 PMCID: PMC8793114 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211069012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play a critical role in regulating host immune response toward cancer and determining the overall fate of tumorigenesis. The tumor microenvironment is dominated mainly by immune-suppressive cytokines that control effector antitumor immunity and promote survival and the proliferation of cancer cells, which ultimately leads to enhanced tumor growth. In addition to tumor cells, the heterogeneous immune cells present within the tumor milieu are the significant source of immune-suppressive cytokines. These cytokines are classified into a broad range; however, in most tumor types, the interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-4, and interleukin-35 are consistently reported as immune-suppressive cytokines that help tumor growth and metastasis. The most emerging concern in cancer treatment is hijacking and restraining the activity of antitumor immune cells in the tumor niche due to a highly immune-suppressive environment. This review summarizes the role and precise functions of interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-4, and interleukin-35 in modulating tumor immune contexture and its implication in developing effective immune-therapeutic approaches. CONCISE CONCLUSION Recent effort geared toward developing novel immune-therapeutic approaches faces significant challenges due to sustained mutations in tumor cells and a highly immune-suppressive microenvironment present within the tumor milieu. The cytokines play a crucial role in developing an immune-suppressive environment that ultimately dictates the fate of tumorigenesis. This review critically covers the novel aspects of predominant immune-suppressive cytokines such as interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-4, and interleukin-35 in dictating the fate of tumorigenesis and how targeting these cytokines can help the development of better immune-therapeutic drug regimens for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhalchandra Mirlekar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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23
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Su X, Zhang M, Qi H, Gao Y, Yang Y, Yun H, Zhang Q, Yang X, Zhang Y, He J, Fan Y, Wang Y, Guo P, Zhang C, Yang R. Gut microbiota-derived metabolite 3-idoleacetic acid together with LPS induces IL-35 + B cell generation. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:13. [PMID: 35074011 PMCID: PMC8785567 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-35-producing Bregs and Treg cells critically regulate chronic illnesses worldwide via mechanisms related to disrupting the gut microbiota composition. However, whether the gut microbiota regulates these IL-35+ cells remains elusive. We herein investigated the regulatory effects of the gut microbiota on IL-35+ cells by using genetically modified mouse models of obesity. RESULTS We first found that gut Reg4 promoted resistance to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Using 16S rRNA sequencing combined with LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry)/MS, we demonstrated that gut Reg4 associated with bacteria such as Lactobacillus promoted the generation of IL-35+ B cells through 3-idoleacetic acid (IAA) in the presence of LPS. HuREG4IECtg mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited marked IL-35+ cell accumulation in not only their adipose tissues but also their colons, whereas decreased IL-35+ cell accumulation was observed in the adipose and colon tissues of Reg4 knockout (KO) mice. We also found that Reg4 mediated HFD-induced obesity resistance via IL-35. Lower levels of IAA were also detected in the peripheral blood of individuals with obesity compared with nonobese subjects. Mechanistically, IAA together with LPS mediated IL-35+ B cells through PXR and TLR4. KO of PXR or TLR4 impaired the generation of IL-35+ B cells. CONCLUSION Together, IAA and LPS induce the generation of IL-35+ B cells through PXR and TLR4. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Su
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Minying Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Houbao Qi
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yazheng Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huan Yun
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qianjing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiangshan He
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaqi Fan
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuxue Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Pei Guo
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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HomA and HomB, outer membrane proteins of Helicobacter pylori down-regulate activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and Ig switch germline transcription and thereby affect class switch recombination (CSR) of Ig genes in human B-cells. Mol Immunol 2021; 142:37-49. [PMID: 34959071 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
H. pylori is one of the major causes of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT) and gastric carcinoma. H. pylori toxin VacA is responsible for host cell apoptosis, whereas CagA is known to aberrantly induce expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in gastric epithelial cells that causes mutations in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, leading to the transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells. Although, a significant amount of research has been conducted to understand the role of bacterial factors modulating deregulated host cell pathways, the interaction between H. pylori and immune cells of the marginal zone and its consequences are still not well understood. HomB and HomA, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from H. pylori, which assist in the adhesion of bacteria to host cells, are found to be associated with H. pylori virulent strains and promote inflammation. Interestingly, we observed that the interaction of HomB/HomA OMPs with B-cells transiently downregulates AID expression and Ig switch germline transcription. Downregulation of AID leads to impairment of class switch recombination (CSR), resulting in significantly reduced switching to IgG and IgA antibodies. Besides, we examined the immune-suppressive response of B-cells and observed that the cells stimulated with HomA/B show upregulation in the levels of IL10, IL35, as well as PDL1, a T-cell inhibition marker. Our study suggests the potential role of OMPs in immune response modulation strategies used by the pathogen to evade the immune response. These results provide a better understanding of H. pylori pathogenesis and assist in identifying novel targets for therapy.
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Zhang J, Lian M, Li B, Gao L, Tanaka T, You Z, Wei Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Li Y, Huang B, Tang R, Wang Q, Miao Q, Peng Y, Fang J, Lian Z, Okazaki K, Xiao X, Zhang W, Ma X. Interleukin-35 Promotes Th9 Cell Differentiation in IgG4-Related Disorders: Experimental Data and Review of the Literature. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 60:132-145. [PMID: 32712804 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is characterized by intense infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells in affected organs. However, the mechanisms acting in the immune responses in IgG4-RD are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to dissect the mechanism underlying the immunoglobulin class switch in IgG4-RD by addressing the crosstalk between IL-35-producing and Th9 cells. The expression level of IL-35 was examined in plasma samples from patients with hepatobiliary and/or pancreatic manifestations of IgG4-RD. Our data demonstrate that IgG4-RD patients exhibit significantly high-level productions of IL-35 as compared to disease and healthy controls. We detected the two subunits of IL-35, EBI3 and IL-12p35, in the two major affected organs, liver and pancreatic tissue, from IgG4-RD. The EBI3- and IL-12p35-positive cells were significantly higher in affected organs in IgG4-RD as compared to disease controls. The colocalization of EBI3 with CD19 and CD38, markers for B cells, suggest the presence of IL-35-producing B cells in affected organs in IgG4-RD. The effects of IL-35 in Th9 differentiation and IL-9 in production of immunoglobulin were then assessed. Surprisingly, IL-35 treatment promoted naïve CD4 T cell differentiating towards Th9 cells through IRF4 signaling. As a consequence, IL-9 secreted by Th9 cells promoted the differentiation of plasma cells and production of IgG1 and IgG4, predominantly IgG4. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that IL-35 actively participates in the process of inflammation and plays an important role in Th9 differentiation resulting in an immunoglobulin class switch towards IgG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhengrui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yiran Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yikang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Bingyuan Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qixia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yanshen Peng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhexiong Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, Guangdong, China
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Institute of Immunology and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Weici Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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Han MM, Yuan XR, Shi X, Zhu XY, Su Y, Xiong DK, Zhang XM, Zhou H, Wang JN. The Pathological Mechanism and Potential Application of IL-38 in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732790. [PMID: 34539413 PMCID: PMC8443783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-38 (IL-38), a new cytokine of interleukin-1 family (IL-1F), is expressed in the human heart, kidney, skin, etc. Recently, new evidence indicated that IL-38 is involved in the process of different autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases are a cluster of diseases accompanied with tissue damage caused by autoimmune reactions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, etc. This review summarized the links between IL-38 and autoimmune diseases, as well as the latest knowledge about the function and regulatory mechanism of IL-38 in autoimmune diseases. Especially, this review focused on the differentiation of immune cells and explore future prospects, such as the application of IL-38 in new technologies. Understanding the function of IL-38 is helpful to shed light on the progress of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Han
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yue Su
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Public Basic College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - De-Kai Xiong
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Min Zhang
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ji-Nian Wang
- Department of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Curcumin Promotes the Expression of IL-35 by Regulating Regulatory T Cell Differentiation and Restrains Uncontrolled Inflammation and Lung Injury in Mice. Inflammation 2021; 43:1913-1924. [PMID: 32535666 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35, which has an anti-inflammatory role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury (ALI), is relatively promising as a drug target. Studies have shown that curcumin may play a therapeutic role in ALI and enhance the suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). To illustrate the effect of curcumin on the regulation of Treg cell differentiation and expression of IL-35, we built a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced acute lung injury mouse mode with curcumin pretreatment. The expression of IL-35 in serum, severity of lung injury, IL-17A in lung tissue, survival rate, Treg-related cytokines levels in serum, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)'s nuclear translocation in lung tissue, and splenic CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs were assessed. Furthermore, the proportion of Tregs, STAT5, and IL-35 expression during naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation in vitro was measured. Compared with the CLP group, the increased IL-35 expression in CLP with the curcumin pretreatment (CLP + Cur) group was consistent with the decreased severity of lung injury, IL-17A protein levels in lung tissue, and Treg-related cytokines levels. Pretreatment with curcumin, the survival rate climbed to 50%, while the mortality rate was 100% in the CLP group. In addition, splenic CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells increased in the CLP + Cur group. In vitro, CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells from naïve CD4+ T cells, STAT5 proportion, and IL-35 expression increased after curcumin treatment. These findings showed that curcumin might regulate IL-35 by activating the differentiation of Treg cells to control the inflammation in acute lung injury.
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Jiang H, Cui B, Zhang J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigen-induced upregulation of interleukin-35 expression in patients with MTB infection: In vitro blockade of the effects of interleukin-35 on T lymphocyte subsets. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6318859. [PMID: 34245560 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive interleukin-35 (IL-35) serum concentrations were analyzed in patients with active pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infections (PTB), PTB patients after two months treatment (stable PTB) and healthy controls. IL-35 concentrations were highest in active PTB followed by stable PTB cases and lowest in healthy control participants (all P < 0.01). The same trents were found for supernatants of isolated blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), with additional enhancements after MTB antigen stimulation only for PBMCs of active and stable PTB patients (P < 0.001), for EBI3 and IL-12a transcriptions in PBMCs (P < 0.001) and percentages of EBI3 expressing (CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+) regulatory T cells (Treg) (P < 0.001). IL-35 antibody applications significantly reversed MTB antigen stimulated IL-35 and IL-10 expression in PBMCs of active and stable PTB patients, and reduced Foxp3 expression in CD4 + CD25 + cells and EBI3 expression in Treg cells, but had no effects on healthy control cells. The percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells in CD4 + cells were enhanced after MTB antigen stimulation of cells taken from active and stable PTB patients, which were partly increased only for Th1 cells after IL-35 antibody exposure. MTB antigen-driven upregulation of IL-35 may lead to reduced immune surveillance in PTB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Beinian Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai DeltaHealth Hospital. No. 109 Xule Road, Xujing Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201702, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai DeltaHealth Hospital. No. 109 Xule Road, Xujing Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai 201702, China
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29
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Calzada D, Cremades-Jimeno L, López-Ramos M, Cárdaba B. Peptide Allergen Immunotherapy: A New Perspective in Olive-Pollen Allergy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071007. [PMID: 34371699 PMCID: PMC8309132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are highly prevalent disorders, mainly in industrialized countries where they constitute a high global health problem. Allergy is defined as an immune response “shifted toward a type 2 inflammation” induced by the interaction between the antigen (allergen) and IgE antibodies bound to mast cells and basophils that induce the release of inflammatory mediators that cause the clinical symptoms. Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment able to change the course of these diseases, modifying the type 2 inflammatory response by an allergenic tolerance, where the implication of T regulatory (Treg) cells is considered essential. The pollen of the olive tree is one of the most prevalent causes of respiratory allergic diseases in Mediterranean countries, inducing mainly nasal and conjunctival symptoms, although, in areas with a high antigenic load, olive-tree pollen may cause asthma exacerbation. Classically, olive-pollen allergy treatment has been based on specific immunotherapy using whole-olive pollen extracts. Despite extracts standardization, the effectiveness of this strategy varies widely, therefore there is a need for more effective AIT approaches. One of the most attractive is the use of synthetic peptides representing the B- or T-cell epitopes of the main allergens. This review summarizes experimental evidence of several T-cell epitopes derived from the Ole e 1 sequence to modulate the response to olive pollen in vitro, associated with several possible mechanisms that these peptides could be inducing, showing their usefulness as a safe preventive tool for these complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Calzada
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.C.-J.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Lucía Cremades-Jimeno
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.C.-J.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - María López-Ramos
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.C.-J.); (M.L.-R.)
| | - Blanca Cárdaba
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.C.-J.); (M.L.-R.)
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Correale J, Marrodan M, Carnero Contentti E. Interleukin-35 is a critical regulator of immunity during helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis. Immunology 2021; 164:569-586. [PMID: 34197631 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is currently thought to arise by interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Infections in general trigger autoimmune responses causing clinical manifestations of disease. However, as a result of regulatory T (Treg)- and regulatory B (Breg)-cell induction, helminth infections tend to dampen disease activity. IL-35, the newest member of the IL-12 family, is an inhibitory cytokine composed of an EBI3β chain subunit, and an IL-12p35 subunit. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-35 during parasite infections occurring in individuals with MS. Numbers of IL-35-producing Breg cells are higher in CSF from helminth-infected than from uninfected MS subjects, a finding associated with decreased MRI disease activity. Interestingly, stimulation of CD19+ B cells with IL-35 promotes conversion of these cells to Breg cells producing both IL-35 and IL-10. Coculture of B cells from helminth-infected MS patients inhibits proliferation of Th1 and Th17 myelin peptide-specific T cells, as well as production of IFN-γ and IL-17. Following activation, CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells significantly upregulate expression of EBI3 and IL-12p35 mRNA. Furthermore, CD4+ CD25- T cells activated in the presence of IL-35 induce a population of cells with regulatory function, known as iTR35. Finally, B cells from normal individuals cultured in vitro in the presence of the helminth antigen SEA increase expression of the transcription BATF, IRF4 and IRF8, acquiring a pattern similar to that of IL-35 Breg cells. These data highlight the important immunoregulatory effects of IL-35 on both Breg and Treg cells, observed in helminth-infected MS subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Correale
- Institute for Neurological Research Dr Raúl Carrea, Fleni, Department of Neurology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Marrodan
- Institute for Neurological Research Dr Raúl Carrea, Fleni, Department of Neurology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhu L, Chen B, Su W. A Review of the Various Roles and Participation Levels of B-Cells in Non-Infectious Uveitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676046. [PMID: 34054864 PMCID: PMC8160461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-infectious uveitis is an inflammatory disorder of the eye that accounts for severe visual loss without evident infectious agents. While T cells are supposed to dominate the induction of inflammation in non-infectious uveitis, the role of B cells in the pathogenesis of this disease is obscure. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss diverse B-cell participation in different non-infectious uveitides and their roles in the pathogenesis of this disease as well as the mechanism of action of rituximab. Increasing evidence from experimental models and human non-infectious uveitis has suggested the participation of B cells in non-infectious uveitis. The participation levels vary in different uveitides. Furthermore, B cells play multiple roles in the pathogenic mechanisms. B cells produce autoantibodies, regulate T cell responses via antibody-independent functions, and constitute ectopic lymphoid structures. Regulatory B cells perform pivotal anti-inflammatory functions in non-infectious uveitis. Rituximab may work by depleting pro-inflammatory B cells and restoring the quantity and function of regulatory B cells in this disease. Identifying the levels of B-cell participation and the associated roles is beneficial for optimizing therapy. Diversified experimental model choices and emerging tools and/or methods are conducive for future studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Xin PL, Jie LF, Cheng Q, Bin DY, Dan CW. Pathogenesis and Function of Interleukin-35 in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655114. [PMID: 34054534 PMCID: PMC8155723 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that RA (Rheumatoid arthritis) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple and symmetric arthropathy. The main pathological features of RA are synovial hyperplasia, angiogenesis, pannus formation, inflammatory cell infiltration, articular cartilage, bone destruction, and ultimately joint dysfunction, even deformity. IL-35 (Interleukin-35) is a new member of the IL-12 (Interleukin-12) family, which is an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted mainly by Treg (T regulatory cells). There is evidence suggested that IL-35 can attenuate the progression of RA through influencing the immune and pathological process. It suggests that IL-35 played an important role in the pathogenesis of RA, and can be used as a potential target for the future treatment of RA. This review summarizes the recent advances of IL-35 in the pathological roles and the therapeutic potential roles in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Lin Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Fan Jie
- Department of Orthopedic, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Research and Experimental Center of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Du Yi Bin
- Department of Orthopedic, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Wen Dan
- Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Yang J, Yao L, Li Y, Gao R, Huo R, Xia L, Shen H, Lu J. Interleukin-35 Regulates Angiogenesis Through P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in Interleukin-1β-Stimulated SW1353 Cells and Cartilage Bioinformatics Analysis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:164-171. [PMID: 34003680 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of interleukin (IL)-35 on proangiogenic factors in IL-1β-pretreated chondrocyte-like SW1353 cells and screen-related genes that participated in osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage with IL-35, proangiogenic factors, and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Different concentrations of IL-35 incubated with IL-1β stimulated SW1353 cells with or without SB203580 (inhibitor of P38 MAPK). Proangiogenic molecule expression was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database of OA cartilage. Protein-protein interaction of genes was visualized by Search Tool for the Retrieval Interacting Genes and Cytoscape. Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery was used to screen biological processes and pathways. IL-35 inhibited mRNA expression of proangiogenic factors in IL-1β-stimulated SW1353 cells through the P38 MAPK signaling pathway. IL-35 inhibited angiopoietin-2 secretion. We found that 8 related genes, 18 biological processes, and 6 pathways may associate with IL-35, P38 MAPK signaling pathway, and cartilage angiogenesis. IL-35 regulated the expression of proangiogenic factors through P38 MAPK signaling pathway in IL-1β-stimulated SW1353 cells. IL-35 and P38 MAPK pathway may participate in neovascularization of cartilage. Our findings may provide molecular mechanisms and possible genes target treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ruoxi Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Liping Xia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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Doshi G, Thakkar A. Deciphering Role of Cytokines for Therapeutic Strategies Against Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:803-815. [PMID: 33109042 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201027124625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic, chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disorder that affects both large and small synovial joints in a symmetric pattern. RA initiates as painful inflammation of the joints leading to stiffness of joint, joint destruction and further worsens the condition causing permanent irreversible damage to the joints, making them physically disabled. Across the globe, there are around 1.2 million cases of RA reported. Inspite of various available therapeutic and pharmacological agents against RA, none of the treatments assure complete cure. Understanding the in depth-role of cytokines and interleukins in the disease pathogenesis of RA could help in exploiting them for developing novel therapeutic strategies against RA. This review provides insights into the pathogenesis of RA and gives a brief overview of cytokines, which play an important role in the progression of the disease. We have also discussed the possible role of interleukins in the context of RA, which could help future researchers to explore them for identifying new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ami Thakkar
- M.Pharm Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Yang C, Lei L, Pan J, Zhao C, Wen J, Qin F, Dong F, Wei W. Altered CD4+ T cell and cytokine levels in peripheral blood and skin samples from systemic sclerosis patients and IL35 in CD4+ T cell growth. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:794-805. [PMID: 33878182 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the role of IL-35 in CD4+ T lymphocyte and skin fibroblast (HSF) activity and cytokine levels in systemic sclerosis. METHODS Blood and skin biopsies were collected from 41 patients and 39 healthy controls to assess CD4+ T lymphocytes and IL-35-related factors. CD4+ T lymphocytes were co-cultured with HSFs, rhIL-35, and IL-35 mAb to evaluate the cell viability, activation of CD4+T lymphocytes, and HSF cells. RESULTS The proportion of blood Th1/Th2 was lower and Th17/regulatory T cells (Treg) were higher in patients than in controls (p < 0.05). IL-35 and IL-17A levels were higher and IFN-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β levels were lower in patients than in controls. IL-17A, FoxP3, TGF-β1, and COL-1 mRNA and p-STAT1 and p-STAT4 were higher in skin tissues from patients than in those from controls (p < 0.05). IL-6 levels were higher, whereas IL-10 levels were lower in cell culture supernatants. α-SMA and COL-1 proteins and Ki67 positivity were higher in CD4+ T + HSF cells from patients than in those from controls. rhIL-35 treatment inhibited proliferation (p < 0.001), but increased IL-10 and decreased IL-17A, α-SMA, and COL-1 secretion into the conditioned medium of CD4+ T lymphocytes + HSFs from patients compared with those from controls. IL-35 mAb blocked the effects of IL-35 in CD4+ T + HSF cells (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS IL-35 plays an inhibitory role in CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation but induces Treg cell differentiation by STAT1 signalling activation, HSF proliferation, and collagen expression in systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ling Lei
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Fang Qin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Wanling Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
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Li X, Liu X, Wang W. IL-35: A Novel Immunomodulator in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Liver Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:614847. [PMID: 33777929 PMCID: PMC7990793 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.614847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a risk factor for liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the progression of HBV-related diseases. It has been well acknowledged that host immune response was closely related to the clinical outcomes of patients with HBV infection. As the factors closely related to the immunomodulatory process, cytokines are crucial in the cell-cell communication and the host responses to HBV infection. Recently, a newly discovered cytokine, designated as interleukin-35 (IL-35), has been proved to be essential for the progression of chronic HBV infection, the development of cirrhosis, the transformation of cirrhosis to HCC, and the metastasis of HCC. Specifically, it showed various biological activities such as inhibiting the HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) proliferation and cytotoxicity, deactivating the immature effector T-cells (Teffs), as well as delaying the proliferation of dendritic cells. It regulated the immune responses by acting as a “brake” on the activation of Teffs, which subsequently played important roles in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and malignancies. In this review, we focused on the most recent data on the relationship between IL-35 and chronic HBV infection, LC and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefen Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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37
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Liu W, Zeng Q, Wen Y, Tang Y, Yan S, Li Y, Zhou L, Luo R. Inhibited interleukin 35 expression and interleukin 35-induced regulatory T cells promote type II innate lymphoid cell response in allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 126:152-161.e1. [PMID: 32771356 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-35 and IL-35-producing regulatory T cells (iTr35) have been reported to inhibit TH2 response in allergic rhinitis (AR). However, its effects on type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of IL-35 on ILC2 in AR. METHODS A total of 25 patients with AR and 20 controls were recruited. The expression and regulation of IL-35 receptor in ILC2 were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effect of IL-35 on ILC2 differentiation and cytokine production was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, iTr35 were cocultured with ILC2 to explore the effect of iTr35 on ILC2. The AR mice models were also established to confirm the role of IL-35 in vivo. RESULTS The patients with AR had decreased IL-35 expression and iTr35 proportion and increased ILC2 and type II cytokines compared with the controls. Notably, IL-35 inhibited ILC2 differentiation and type II cytokine production by regulating IL-12Rβ2 and gp130. IL-35 promoted the inducible costimulatory molecule expression by iTr35 and the inducible costimulatory molecule ligand expression by ILC2. IL-35-treated mice with AR presented decreased frequency and function of nasal ILC2. CONCLUSION IL-35 inhibited ILC2 responses directly or through mutual contact between iTr35 and ILC2 in AR, suggesting that IL-35 may be used as a potential treatment target in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingxiang Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiquan Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Renzhong Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Xie K, Chen YQ, Chai YS, Lin SH, Wang CJ, Xu F. HMGB1 suppress the expression of IL-35 by regulating Naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation and aggravating Caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis in acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107295. [PMID: 33360086 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a severe form of inflammatory lung disease. Its development and progression are regulated by cytokines. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of HMGB1 involved in the regulation of Treg cells and IL-35. METHODS A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced ALI model was used to investigate the changes in IL-35, Tregs, and the expression of RAGE and caspase-11 after HMGB1 inhibition (glycyrrhizin was used as an inhibitor of HMGB1). CD4+ naïve T cells sorted from C57BL/6 mice spleens were cultured to explore the role of HMGB1 in the differentiation from CD4+ naïve T cells to Tregs. RESULTS HMGB1 promoted lung injury and uncontrolled inflammation in the CLP mouse model. HMGB1, NF-κB p65, RAGE, and caspase-11 expression in the lungs of CLP mice decreased significantly after pretreatment with glycyrrhizin. We found that the Treg proportion and IL-35 expression were upregulated in the serum and lung of CLP mice after inhibiting HMGB1. In our in vitro experiments, we found that recombinant HMGB1 significantly suppressed the proportion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Tregs differentiated from CD4+ naïve T cells. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of HMGB1 increased the proportion of Treg and expression of IL-35 and alleviated lung injury in the CLP-induced ALI model. Furthermore, inhibition of HMGB1 reduced caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis in the lungs of the CLP-induced ALI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Qing Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Sen Chai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Hui Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Hu S, Lian PP, Hu Y, Zhu XY, Jiang SW, Ma Q, Li LY, Yang JF, Yang L, Guo HY, Zhou H, Yang CC, Meng XM, Li J, Li HW, Xu T, Zhou H. The Role of IL-35 in the Pathophysiological Processes of Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:569575. [PMID: 33584256 PMCID: PMC7873894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that liver diseases have several characteristics of massive lipid accumulation and lipid metabolic disorder, and are divided into liver inflammation, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients. Interleukin (IL)-35, a new-discovered cytokine, can protect the liver from the environmental attack by increasing the ratio of Tregs (T regulatory cells) which can increase the anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit the proliferation of immune cellular. Interestingly, two opposite mechanisms (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) have connection with the ultimate formation of liver diseases, which suggest that IL-35 may play crucial function in the process of liver diseases through immunosuppressive regulation. Besides, some obvious advantages also imply that IL-35 can be considered as a new therapeutic target to control the progression of liver diseases, while its mechanism of function still needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pan-Pan Lian
- School of Pharmacy, NanJing University, NanJing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shao-Wei Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang-Yun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Fa Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Yue Guo
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen-Chen Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Wen Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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40
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Potential therapeutic effects of interleukin-35 on the differentiation of naïve T cells into Helios +Foxp3 + Tregs in clinical and experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:236-249. [PMID: 33494935 PMCID: PMC8058740 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T lymphocytes are important targets for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). IL-35 is a newly identified IL-12 cytokine family member that plays an important protective role in a variety of immune system diseases by regulating Treg cell differentiation; however, the role of IL-35 in the pathogenesis of ARDS is still unclear. Here, we found that IL-35 was significantly elevated in adult patients with ARDS compared to controls. Additionally, IL-35 was positively and significantly correlated with IL-6, IL-10 and the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) but negatively correlated with TNF-α, IL-1β and APACHE II score during ARDS. Moreover, the proportion of Treg/CD4+ cells in the peripheral blood of ARDS patients and the expression of NF-κB in PMBCs were significantly higher than in healthy individuals. Recombinant IL-35 improved survival in a murine model of CLP-induced ARDS. Additionally, IL-35 administration decreased the inflammatory response, as reflected by lower levels of cytokines (including IL-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and less lung damage in CLP-induced ARDS. Furthermore, recombinant IL-35 reduced the apoptosis of lung tissue and the expression of NF-κB signalling in a CLP-induced ARDS model and increased the proportion of Treg cells in spleen and peripheral blood. In vitro experiments revealed that IL-35 can affect the phosphorylation of STAT5 during differentiation of naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes into Foxp3+Helios+ Tregs. Our findings suggest that IL-35 attenuates ARDS by promoting the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Foxp3+Helios+ Tregs, thereby providing a novel tool for anti-ARDS therapy.
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Zhao N, Liu X, Guo H, Zhao X, Qiu Y, Wang W. Interleukin-35: An emerging player in the progression of liver diseases. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101518. [PMID: 33387857 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-35(IL-35), a newly identified immunosuppressive cytokine, has recently been shown to play a significant role in the progression of various autoimmune diseases and malignant tumors. The liver is the largest organ in the body and is generally regarded as an important lymphoid organ by an increasing number of immunologists. A number of reports have demonstrated that IL-35 plays essential roles in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the liver microenvironment. This review summarizes the existing studies of IL-35 in liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, immune liver injury, liver cirrhosis and carcinoma. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the vital roles of IL-35 in hepatic damage and explore new alternative therapeutic targets for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiangnan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yujie Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Xie Q, Xu WD, Pan M, Lan YY, Liu XY, Su LC, Huang AF. Association of IL-35 expression and gene polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107231. [PMID: 33307515 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35 is the newest member of the IL-12 family. It is expressed in many immune cells and has been recognized as a novel inflammatory cytokine that may have bifunctional properties. Recent findings have indicated that the expression of IL-35 is abnormal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, the results were inconsistent. In this study, 400 RA patients were recruited to evaluate serum levels of IL-35 in a Chinese Han population by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association of IL-35 gene polymorphisms and RA genetic susceptibility was investigated in 400 RA patients and 612 healthy controls. The results showed that serum levels of IL-35 were elevated in 100 RA patients compared to 51 healthy controls, relating to disease activity and synovial fluid IL-35 expression in the training cohort. Another independent 300 RA patients and 369 other rheumatic disease patients (98 lupus, 95 osteoarthritis, 95 gout, 42 Sjogren's syndrome and 39 ankylosing spondylitis patients) confirmed that serum levels of IL-35 were elevated in RA patients, and serum IL-35 has good diagnostic ability for differentiating RA from the other rheumatic diseases. The genotyping of 10 IL-35 polymorphisms, including rs2227314, rs2243115, rs2243123, rs2243131, rs568408, rs583911, rs428253, rs4740, rs9807813 and rs4905, revealed that rs2227314, rs2243131, rs9807813, and rs583911 were correlated with RA risk. Different genotypes (rs2227314, rs583911, and rs9807813) exhibited different expression of IL-35. These findings demonstrate that serum levels of IL-35 are increased in RA patients and that IL-35 polymorphisms are correlated with RA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Min Pan
- Jiangyang Zone for Disease Prevention and Control, 34 Jiangyang south road, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - You-Yu Lan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin-Chong Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
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43
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Zhu JJ, Shan NN. Immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin-35 and immune thrombocytopaenia. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520976477. [PMID: 33356722 PMCID: PMC7768574 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520976477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable attention has been paid to interleukin (IL)-35 because of its immunosuppressive effects in a variety of autoimmune diseases. IL-35, a recently identified cytokine of the IL-12 family, is a negative regulatory factor secreted by IL-35-inducible regulatory T cells (iTr35 cells) and the recently reported regulatory B cells (Breg cells). Four biological effects of IL-35 have been discovered in vitro and in vivo: (i) suppression of T cell proliferation; (ii) conversion of naive T cells into iTr35 cells; (iii) downregulation of type 17 helper T (Th17) cells; and (iv) conversion of Breg cells into a Breg subset that produces IL-35 and IL-10. IL-35 plays an important role in a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, allergic asthma and systemic lupus erythematosus. Primary immune thrombocytopaenia (ITP), which is characterized by isolated thrombocytopaenia and mild mucocutaneous to life-threatening bleeding, is an autoimmune disease with complex dysregulation of the immune system. Both antibody-mediated and/or T cell-mediated platelet destruction are key processes. In addition, impairment of T cells and cytokine imbalances have now been recognized to be important. This review summarizes the immunomodulatory effects of IL-35 and its role in the pathogenesis of ITP as mediated by T and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhu
- Department of Haematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ning-Ning Shan
- Department of Haematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Kellermann L, Jensen KB, Bergenheim F, Gubatan J, Chou ND, Moss A, Nielsen OH. Mucosal vitamin D signaling in inflammatory bowel disease. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102672. [PMID: 32942038 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have identified vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency to be highly prevalent among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and low serum levels correlate with a higher disease activity and a more complicated disease course. The link to IBD pathogenesis has been subject of investigations, primarily due to the distinct immunological functions of vitamin D signaling, including anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone that executes its actions on cells through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). A leaky gut, i.e. an insufficient intestinal epithelial barrier, is thought to be central for the pathogenesis of IBD, and emerging data support the concept that vitamin D/VDR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) has an important role in controlling barrier integrity. Here we review the latest evidence on how vitamin D promotes the interplay between IECs, the gut microbiome, and immune cells and thereby regulate the intestinal immune response. On the cellular level, vitamin D signaling regulates tight junctional complexes, apoptosis, and autophagy, leading to increased epithelial barrier integrity, and promotes expression of antimicrobial peptides as part of its immunomodulating functions. Further, intestinal VDR expression is inversely correlated with the severity of inflammation in patients with IBD, which might compromise the positive effects of vitamin D signaling in patients with flaring disease. Efforts to reveal the role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of IBD will pave the road for the invention of more rational treatment strategies of this debilitating disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauge Kellermann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Kim Bak Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Bergenheim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - John Gubatan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Naomi D Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Moss
- Boston Medical Center & Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Zdanowska N, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Czerwińska J, Nowakowski JJ, Kozera-Żywczyk A, Owczarek W, Zdanowski W, Placek W. Adalimumab and methotrexate affect the concentrations of regulatory cytokines (interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-35) in patients with plaque psoriasis. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14153. [PMID: 32770629 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional regulatory T lymphocytes are important for the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atherosclerosis. We analyzed the severity of atherosclerosis and the concentration of regulatory cytokines in patients with psoriasis who were administered methotrexate or adalimumab for 12 weeks. We included 34 patients with psoriasis (17 each, administered methotrexate or adalimumab) and eight healthy volunteers. BMI, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), and at least 75% and 90% improvements in PASI were observed. The 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease was estimated using Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation charts. The plasma interleukin (IL)-10, IL-35, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after the 12-week treatment regimen. PASI (P = .0006) and BSA (P = .0001) were positively correlated with the BMI, IL-35 (-0.38), and IL-10 (0.48) levels. Baseline IL-35 concentrations were the highest in healthy volunteers; the IL-10 and TGF-β1 level were the highest in the methotrexate group. IL-10 concentration decreased in both treatment groups (P = .02 for the methotrexate and P = .09 for adalimumab group), and IL-35 decreased in the adalimumab group (P = .019), consistent with skin lesion recovery. Thus, this study demonstrates the dysregulated secretion of regulatory cytokines in psoriatic patients under systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zdanowska
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Municipal Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Municipal Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Czerwińska
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Municipal Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek J Nowakowski
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Kozera-Żywczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Military Institute of the Health Services, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Owczarek
- Department of Dermatology, Military Institute of the Health Services, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zdanowski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Regional Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Waldemar Placek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Municipal Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-35 subunit genes predict host susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection among Iraqi patients. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Ma Y, Ye Y, Liu Y, Chen J, Cen Y, Chen W, Yu C, Zeng Q, Zhang A, Yang G. DNMT1-mediated Foxp3 gene promoter hypermethylation involved in immune dysfunction caused by arsenic in human lymphocytes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:519-529. [PMID: 32905139 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that arsenic can cause long-lasting and irreversible damage to the function of the human immune system. It is known that forkhead box protein 3(Foxp3), which is specifically expressed in regulatory T cells (Tregs), plays a decisive role in immunoregulation and is regulated by DNA methylation. While evidence suggests that epigenetic regulated Foxp3 is involved in the immune disorders caused by arsenic exposure, the specific mechanism remains unclear. In this study, after primary human lymphocytes were treated with different doses of NaAsO2, our results showed that arsenic induced the high expression of DNMT1 and Foxp3 gene promoter methylation level, thereby inhibiting the expression levels of Foxp3, followed by decreasing Tregs and reducing related anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 10 (IL-35), and increasing the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in lymphocytes. Treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-CdR can notably inhibit the expression of DNMT1, effectively restoring the hypermethylation of the Foxp3 promoter region in primary human lymphocytes and upregulating the expression levels of Foxp3, balancing the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in lymphocytes. It also activates the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and restores the immune regulatory functions of Tregs. In conclusion, our study provides limited evidence that DNMT1-mediated Foxp3 gene promoter hypermethylation is involved in immune dysfunction caused by arsenic in primary human lymphocytes. The study can provide a scientific basis for further understanding the arsenic-induced immune dysfunction in primary human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemei Ma
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Ye
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yining Liu
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yanli Cen
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chun Yu
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qibing Zeng
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guanghong Yang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Interleukin 35 Regulatory B Cells. J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166607. [PMID: 32755620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes play a central role in host immunity. They orchestrate humoral immune responses that modulate activities of other immune cells and produce neutralizing antibodies that confer lasting immunity to infectious diseases including smallpox, measles and poliomyelitis. In addition to these traditional functions is the recent recognition that B cells also play critical role in maintaining peripheral tolerance and suppressing the development or severity of autoimmune diseases. Their immune suppressive function is attributed to relatively rare populations of regulatory B cells (Bregs) that produce anti-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-35 and transforming growth factor-β. The IL-35-producing B cell (i35-Breg) is the newest Breg subset described. i35-Bregs suppress central nervous system autoimmune diseases by inducing infectious tolerance whereby conventional B cells acquire regulatory functions that suppress pathogenic Th17 responses. In this review, we discuss immunobiology of i35-Breg cell, i35-Breg therapies for autoimmune diseases and potential therapeutic strategies for depleting i35-Bregs that suppress immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells.
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Xing H, Tian G. Increased Interleukin-35 suppresses peripheral CD14 + monocytes function in patients with Kawasaki disease. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:17. [PMID: 32276581 PMCID: PMC7149926 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a newly identified IL-12 cytokine family member, which regulates the activity of immune cells in infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. However, the regulatory function of IL-35 in Kawasaki disease is not well elucidated. Methods Thirty-three patients with Kawasaki disease and seventeen healthy controls were studied. Peripheral IL-35 concentration was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. CD14+ monocytes were purified, and mRNA expression of IL-35 receptor (IL-12Rβ2 and gp130) was semi-quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. CD14+ monocytes were stimulated with recombinant IL-35. The modulatory role of IL-35 treated CD14+ monocytes to naïve CD4+ T cell activation was investigated by flow cytometry. The influence of IL-35 to cytotoxicity of CD14+ monocytes was assessed by measuring target cell death, cytokine and granzyme secretion. Results Plasma IL-35 concentration was elevated in patients with Kawasaki disease. There was no significant differences of either IL-12Rβ2 or gp130 mRNA expression in CD14+ monocytes between Kawasaki disease patients and controls. IL-35 suppressed CD14+ monocytes induced naïve CD4+ T cell activation in Kawasaki disease, and this process required direct cell-to-cell contact. IL-35 also inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α and granzyme B secretion by CD14+ monocytes from patients with Kawasaki disease, however, only granzyme B was responsible for the cytotoxicity of CD14+ monocytes. Conclusions IL-35 played an important immunosuppressive role to CD14+ monocytes function in Kawasaki disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Xing
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xi'an Children's Hospital), Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Rd, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Abstract
The adaptive immune response is a 500-million-year-old (the "Big Bang" of Immunology) collective set of rearranged and/or selected receptors capable of recognizing soluble and cell surface molecules or shape (B cells, antibody), endogenous and extracellular peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility (MHC) molecules including Class I and Class II (conventional αβ T cells), lipid in the context of MHC-like molecules of the CD1 family (NKT cells), metabolites and B7 family molecules/butyrophilins with stress factors (γδT cells), and stress ligands and absence of MHC molecules (natural killer, NK cells). What makes tumor immunogenic is the recruitment of initially innate immune cells to sites of stress or tissue damage with release of Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) molecules. Subsequent maintenance of a chronic inflammatory state, representing a balance between mature, normalized blood vessels, innate and adaptive immune cells and the tumor provides a complex tumor microenvironment serving as the backdrop for Darwinian selection, tumor elimination, tumor equilibrium, and ultimately tumor escape. Effective immunotherapies are still limited, given the complexities of this highly evolved and selected tumor microenvironment. Cytokine therapies and Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) enable immune effector function and are largely dependent on the shape and size of the B and T cell repertoires (the "adaptome"), now accessible by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and dimer-avoidance multiplexed PCR. How immune effectors access the tumor (infiltrated, immune sequestered, and immune desserts), egress and are organized within the tumor are of contemporary interest and substantial investigation.
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