1
|
Yuan T, Kumar S, Skinner ME, Victor-Joseph R, Abuaita M, Keijer J, Zhang J, Kunkel TJ, Liu Y, Petrunak EM, Saunders TL, Lieberman AP, Stuckey JA, Neamati N, Al-Murshedi F, Alfadhel M, Spelbrink JN, Rodenburg R, de Boer VC, Lombard DB. Human SIRT5 variants with reduced stability and activity do not cause neuropathology in mice. iScience 2024; 27:109991. [PMID: 38846003 PMCID: PMC11154205 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
SIRT5 is a sirtuin deacylase that removes negatively charged lysine modifications, in the mitochondrial matrix and elsewhere in the cell. In benign cells and mouse models, under basal conditions, the phenotypes of SIRT5 deficiency are quite subtle. Here, we identify two homozygous SIRT5 variants in patients suspected to have mitochondrial disease. Both variants, P114T and L128V, are associated with reduced SIRT5 protein stability and impaired biochemical activity, with no evidence of neomorphic or dominant negative properties. The crystal structure of the P114T enzyme was solved and shows only subtle deviations from wild-type. Via CRISPR-Cas9, we generated a mouse model that recapitulates the human P114T mutation; homozygotes show reduced SIRT5 levels and activity, but no obvious metabolic abnormalities, neuropathology, or other gross phenotypes. We conclude that these human SIRT5 variants most likely represent severe hypomorphs, but are likely not by themselves the primary pathogenic cause of the neuropathology observed in the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taolin Yuan
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Surinder Kumar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary E. Skinner
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ryan Victor-Joseph
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Majd Abuaita
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Thaddeus J. Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanghan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elyse M. Petrunak
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas L. Saunders
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Jeanne A. Stuckey
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fathiya Al-Murshedi
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Medical Genomic Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center(KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences(KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Genetics and Precision Medicine Department (GPM), King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital (KASCH), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johannes N. Spelbrink
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent C.J. de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - David B. Lombard
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Y, Ai W, Zheng J, Hu X, Zhang L. A bibliometric and visual analysis of epigenetic research publications for Alzheimer's disease (2013-2023). Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1332845. [PMID: 38292341 PMCID: PMC10824959 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1332845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressively rising, particularly in developed nations. There is an escalating focus on the onset and progression of AD. A mounting body of research indicates that epigenetics significantly contributes to AD and holds substantial promise as a novel therapeutic target for its treatment. Objective The objective of this article is to present the AD areas of research interest, comprehend the contextual framework of the subject research, and investigate the prospective direction for future research development. Methods ln Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC), we searched documents by specific subject terms and their corresponding free words. VOSviewer, CiteSpace and Scimago Graphica were used to perform statistical analysis on measurement metrics such as the number of published papers, national cooperative networks, publishing countries, institutions, authors, co-cited journals, keywords, and visualize networks of related content elements. Results We selected 1,530 articles from WOSCC from January 2013 to June 2023 about epigenetics of AD. Based on visual analysis, we could get that China and United States were the countries with the most research in this field. Bennett DA was the most contributed and prestigious scientist. The top 3 cited journals were Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, Neurobiology of Aging and Molecular Neurobiology. According to the analysis of keywords and the frequency of citations, ncRNAs, transcription factor, genome, histone modification, blood DNA methylation, acetylation, biomarkers were hot research directions in AD today. Conclusion According to bibliometric analysis, epigenetic research in AD was a promising research direction, and epigenetics had the potential to be used as AD biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YaPing Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - WenJing Ai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - JingFeng Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - XianLiang Hu
- Chengdu Eighth People’s Hospital, Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - LuShun Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Development and Regeneration, Department of Neurobiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuan T, Kumar S, Skinner M, Victor-Joseph R, Abuaita M, Keijer J, Zhang J, Kunkel TJ, Liu Y, Petrunak EM, Saunders TL, Lieberman AP, Stuckey JA, Neamati N, Al-Murshedi F, Alfadhel M, Spelbrink JN, Rodenburg R, de Boer VCJ, Lombard DB. SIRT5 variants from patients with mitochondrial disease are associated with reduced SIRT5 stability and activity, but not with neuropathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.06.570371. [PMID: 38105987 PMCID: PMC10723467 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.570371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
SIRT5 is a sirtuin deacylase that represents the major activity responsible for removal of negatively-charged lysine modifications, in the mitochondrial matrix and elsewhere in the cell. In benign cells and mouse models, under basal non-stressed conditions, the phenotypes of SIRT5 deficiency are generally quite subtle. Here, we identify two homozygous SIRT5 variants in human patients suffering from severe mitochondrial disease. Both variants, P114T and L128V, are associated with reduced SIRT5 protein stability and impaired biochemical activity, with no evidence of neomorphic or dominant negative properties. The crystal structure of the P114T enzyme was solved and shows only subtle deviations from wild-type. Via CRISPR-Cas9, we generate a mouse model that recapitulates the human P114T mutation; homozygotes show reduced SIRT5 levels and activity, but no obvious metabolic abnormalities, neuropathology or other gross evidence of severe disease. We conclude that these human SIRT5 variants most likely represent severe hypomorphs, and are likely not the primary pathogenic cause of the neuropathology observed in the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taolin Yuan
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Surinder Kumar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami FL 33136
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mary Skinner
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Majd Abuaita
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami FL 33136
| | | | - Yanghan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Elyse M. Petrunak
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Thomas L. Saunders
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Jeanne A. Stuckey
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Fathiya Al-Murshedi
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Medical Genomic Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center(KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences(KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Genetics and Precision Medicine department (GPM), King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital (KASCH), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johannes N. Spelbrink
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent C. J. de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David B. Lombard
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami FL 33136
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami FL 33125
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu H, Zhang W, Xu F, Peng K, Liu X, Ding W, Ma Q, Cheng H, Wang X. C17orf80 binds the mitochondrial genome to promote its replication. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202302037. [PMID: 37676315 PMCID: PMC10484793 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serving as the power plant and signaling hub of a cell, mitochondria contain their own genome which encodes proteins essential for energy metabolism and forms DNA-protein assemblies called nucleoids. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exists in multiple copies within each cell ranging from hundreds to tens of thousands. Maintaining mtDNA homeostasis is vital for healthy cells, and its dysregulation causes multiple human diseases. However, the players involved in regulating mtDNA maintenance are largely unknown though the core components of its replication machinery have been characterized. Here, we identify C17orf80, a functionally uncharacterized protein, as a critical player in maintaining mtDNA homeostasis. C17orf80 primarily localizes to mitochondrial nucleoid foci and exhibits robust double-stranded DNA binding activity throughout the mitochondrial genome, thus constituting a bona fide new mitochondrial nucleoid protein. It controls mtDNA levels by promoting mtDNA replication and plays important roles in mitochondrial metabolism and cell proliferation. Our findings provide a potential target for therapeutics of human diseases associated with defective mtDNA control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshuo Zhang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqiu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PKU-Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Biondetti E, Cho J, Lee H. Cerebral oxygen metabolism from MRI susceptibility. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120189. [PMID: 37230206 PMCID: PMC10335841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides an overview of MRI methods exploiting magnetic susceptibility properties of blood to assess cerebral oxygen metabolism, including the tissue oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). The first section is devoted to describing blood magnetic susceptibility and its effect on the MRI signal. Blood circulating in the vasculature can have diamagnetic (oxyhemoglobin) or paramagnetic properties (deoxyhemoglobin). The overall balance between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin determines the induced magnetic field which, in turn, modulates the transverse relaxation decay of the MRI signal via additional phase accumulation. The following sections of this review then illustrate the principles underpinning susceptibility-based techniques for quantifying OEF and CMRO2. Here, it is detailed whether these techniques provide global (OxFlow) or local (Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping - QSM, calibrated BOLD - cBOLD, quantitative BOLD - qBOLD, QSM+qBOLD) measurements of OEF or CMRO2, and what signal components (magnitude or phase) and tissue pools they consider (intravascular or extravascular). Validations studies and potential limitations of each method are also described. The latter include (but are not limited to) challenges in the experimental setup, the accuracy of signal modeling, and assumptions on the measured signal. The last section outlines the clinical uses of these techniques in healthy aging and neurodegenerative diseases and contextualizes these reports relative to results from gold-standard PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Biondetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Junghun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Hyunyeol Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Leeuwenburgh C, Bucci C, Marzetti E. The contribution of mitochondrial DNA alterations to aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112203. [PMID: 37172915 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is as a double-stranded molecule existing in hundreds to thousands copies in cells depending on cell metabolism and exposure to endogenous and/or environmental stressors. The coordination of mtDNA replication and transcription regulates the pace of mitochondrial biogenesis to guarantee the minimum number of organelles per cell. mtDNA inheritance follows a maternal lineage, although bi-parental inheritance has been reported in some species and in the case of mitochondrial diseases in humans. mtDNA mutations (e.g., point mutations, deletions, copy number variations) have been identified in the setting of several human diseases. For instance, sporadic and inherited rare disorders involving the nervous system as well higher risk of developing cancer and neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, have been associated with polymorphic mtDNA variants. An accrual of mtDNA mutations has also been identified in several tissues and organs, including heart and muscle, of old experimental animals and humans, which may contribute to the development of aging phenotypes. The role played by mtDNA homeostasis and mtDNA quality control pathways in human health is actively investigated for the possibility of developing targeted therapeutics for a wide range of conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dong L, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Z, Liu D, You H. Investigating the adverse outcome pathways (AOP) of neurotoxicity induced by DBDPE with a combination of in vitro and in silico approaches. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:131021. [PMID: 36821895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Current studies have shown an association between DBDPE and neurotoxicity. In this study, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) and mechanistic analysis of DBDPE-induced neurotoxicity were explored by a combination of in vitro and in silico approaches in SK-N-SH cells. DBDPE-induced oxidative stress caused DNA strand breaks, resulting in the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Activation of PARP1 could cause toxic damage in various organ systems, especially in the nervous system. DBDPE-induced apoptosis via the caspase-dependent intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and the PARP1-dependent pathway. Activation of PARP1 by DBDPE was deemed the initiating event, thereby affecting the key downstream biochemical events (e.g., ROS production, DNA damage, membrane potential changes, and ATP reduction), which induced apoptosis. Furthermore, excessive activation of PARP1 was accompanied by the translocation of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), which was associated with PARP1-dependent cell death. The inhibition of PARP1 by PJ34 reduced DBDPE-induced apoptosis and maintained cellular ATP levels. PJ34 also prevented the translocation of AIF from the mitochondria to the nucleus. These findings improve the understanding of the mechanism of DBDPE-induced neurotoxic effects and provide a theoretical basis for the ecological risk of DBDPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Shutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Ziwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Dongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Hong You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yadav M, Bhardwaj A, Yadav A, Dada R, Tanwar M. Molecular genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:1739-1756. [PMID: 37203025 PMCID: PMC10391438 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2570_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a series of linked optic diseases resulting in progressive vision loss and total blindness due to the acquired loss of retinal ganglion cells. This harm to the optic nerve results in visual impairment and, ultimately, total blindness if left untreated. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most frequent variety within the large family of glaucoma. It is a multifaceted and heterogeneous condition with several environmental and genetic variables aiding in its etiology. By 2040, there will be 111.8 million glaucoma patients globally, with Asia and Africa accounting for the vast majority. The goal of this review is to elaborate on the role of genes (nuclear and mitochondrial) as well as their variants in the pathogenesis of POAG. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched online for papers until September 2022. Prevalence and inheritance patterns vary significantly across different ethnic and geographic populations. Numerous causative genetic loci may exist; however, only a few have been recognized and characterized. Further investigation into the genetic etiology of POAG is expected to uncover novel and intriguing causal genes, allowing for a more precise pathogenesis pattern of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| | - Aarti Bhardwaj
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| | - Anshu Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Tanwar
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rickard BP, Overchuk M, Chappell VA, Kemal Ruhi M, Sinawang PD, Nguyen Hoang TT, Akin D, Demirci U, Franco W, Fenton SE, Santos JH, Rizvi I. Methods to Evaluate Changes in Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2564. [PMID: 37174030 PMCID: PMC10177605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are regulators of key cellular processes, including energy production and redox homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with various human diseases, including cancer. Importantly, both structural and functional changes can alter mitochondrial function. Morphologic and quantifiable changes in mitochondria can affect their function and contribute to disease. Structural mitochondrial changes include alterations in cristae morphology, mitochondrial DNA integrity and quantity, and dynamics, such as fission and fusion. Functional parameters related to mitochondrial biology include the production of reactive oxygen species, bioenergetic capacity, calcium retention, and membrane potential. Although these parameters can occur independently of one another, changes in mitochondrial structure and function are often interrelated. Thus, evaluating changes in both mitochondrial structure and function is crucial to understanding the molecular events involved in disease onset and progression. This review focuses on the relationship between alterations in mitochondrial structure and function and cancer, with a particular emphasis on gynecologic malignancies. Selecting methods with tractable parameters may be critical to identifying and targeting mitochondria-related therapeutic options. Methods to measure changes in mitochondrial structure and function, with the associated benefits and limitations, are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marta Overchuk
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Vesna A. Chappell
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
| | - Prima Dewi Sinawang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tina Thuy Nguyen Hoang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence for Translational Diagnostics (CCNE-TD), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Walfre Franco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elangovan A, Babu HWS, Iyer M, Gopalakrishnan AV, Vellingiri B. Untangle the mystery behind DS-associated AD - Is APP the main protagonist? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101930. [PMID: 37031726 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein profusion in Trisomy 21, also called Down Syndrome (DS), is rooted in the genetic determination of Alzheimer's disease (AD). With the recent development in patient care, the life expectancy of DS patients has gradually increased, leading to the high prospect of AD development, consequently leading to the development of plaques of amyloid proteins and neurofibrillary tangles made of tau by the fourth decade of the patient leading to dementia. The altered gene expression resulted in cellular dysfunction due to impairment of autophagy, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, and copy number variation controlled by the additional genes in Trisomy 21. The cognitive impairment and mechanistic insights underlying DS-AD conditions have been reviewed in this article. Some recent findings regarding biomarkers and therapeutics of DS-AD conditions were highlighted in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Elangovan
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/ Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India; Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harysh Winster Suresh Babu
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/ Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India; Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore-641021, India
| | | | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/ Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India; Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
An Attention-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Brain Tumor and Disorder Classification and Grading in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. INFORMATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/info14030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposes the integration of attention modules, feature-fusion blocks, and baseline convolutional neural networks for developing a robust multi-path network that leverages its multiple feature-extraction blocks for non-hierarchical mining of important medical image-related features. The network is evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation on large-scale magnetic resonance imaging datasets involving brain tumor classification, brain disorder classification, and dementia grading tasks. The Attention Feature Fusion VGG19 (AFF-VGG19) network demonstrates superiority against state-of-the-art networks and attains an accuracy of 0.9353 in distinguishing between three brain tumor classes, an accuracy of 0.9565 in distinguishing between Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and an accuracy of 0.9497 in grading cases of dementia.
Collapse
|
12
|
Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Life's essential, vulnerable and druggable energy homeostat. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:59-102. [PMID: 36863425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Found in all organisms, pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDC) are the keystones of prokaryotic and eukaryotic energy metabolism. In eukaryotic organisms these multi-component megacomplexes provide a crucial mechanistic link between cytoplasmic glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As a consequence, PDCs also influence the metabolism of branched chain amino acids, lipids and, ultimately, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). PDC activity is an essential determinant of the metabolic and bioenergetic flexibility of metazoan organisms in adapting to changes in development, nutrient availability and various stresses that challenge maintenance of homeostasis. This canonical role of the PDC has been extensively probed over the past decades by multidisciplinary investigations into its causal association with diverse physiological and pathological conditions, the latter making the PDC an increasingly viable therapeutic target. Here we review the biology of the remarkable PDC and its emerging importance in the pathobiology and treatment of diverse congenital and acquired disorders of metabolic integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Sciences, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tan KL, Lee HC, Cheah PS, Ling KH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Down Syndrome: From Pathology to Therapy. Neuroscience 2023; 511:1-12. [PMID: 36496187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been described in Down syndrome (DS) caused by either partial or full trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21). Mitochondria play a crucial role in various vital functions in eukaryotic cells, especially in energy production, calcium homeostasis and programmed cell death. The function of mitochondria is primarily regulated by genes encoded in the mitochondrion and nucleus. Many genes on HSA21 are involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and regulation of mitochondrial functions. This review highlights the HSA21 dosage-sensitive nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes associated with overexpression-related phenotypes seen in DS. This includes impaired mitochondrial dynamics, structural defects and dysregulated bioenergetic profiles such as OXPHOS deficiency and reduced ATP production. Various therapeutic approaches for modulating energy deficits in DS, effects and molecular mechanism of gene therapy and drugs that exert protective effects through modulation of mitochondrial function and attenuation of oxidative stress in DS cells were discussed. It is prudent that improving DS pathophysiological conditions or quality of life may be feasible by targeting something as simple as cellular mitochondrial biogenesis and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Leng Tan
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Han-Chung Lee
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Apparoo Y, Phan CW, Kuppusamy UR, Sabaratnam V. Ergothioneine and its prospects as an anti-ageing compound. Exp Gerontol 2022; 170:111982. [PMID: 36244584 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Healthy ageing is a crucial process that needs to be highlighted as it affects the quality of lifespan. An increase in oxidative stress along with ageing is the major factor related to the age-associated diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders. An antioxidant-rich diet has been proven to play a significant role in the ageing process. Targeting ageing mechanisms could be a worthwhile approach to improving health standards. Ergothioneine (EGT), a hydrophilic compound with specific transporter known as OCTN1, has been shown to exert anti-ageing properties. In addition to its antioxidant effect, EGT has been reported to have anti-senescence, anti-inflammatory and anti-neurodegenerative properties. This review aims to define the pivotal role of EGT in major signalling pathways in ageing such as insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling (IIS), sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTOR) pathways. The review further discusses evidence of EGT on neurodegeneration in its therapeutic context in various model organisms, providing new insights into improving health. In conclusion, an ergothioneine-rich diet may be beneficial in preventing age-related diseases, resulting in a healthy ageing population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaaswini Apparoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chia Wei Phan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Clinical Investigation Centre (CIC), 5th Floor, East Tower, University Malaya Medical Centre, 59100 Lembah Pantai Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vikneswary Sabaratnam
- Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hajjo R, Sabbah DA, Abusara OH, Al Bawab AQ. A Review of the Recent Advances in Alzheimer's Disease Research and the Utilization of Network Biology Approaches for Prioritizing Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122975. [PMID: 36552984 PMCID: PMC9777434 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a polygenic multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that, after decades of research and development, is still without a cure. There are some symptomatic treatments to manage the psychological symptoms but none of these drugs can halt disease progression. Additionally, over the last few years, many anti-AD drugs failed in late stages of clinical trials and many hypotheses surfaced to explain these failures, including the lack of clear understanding of disease pathways and processes. Recently, different epigenetic factors have been implicated in AD pathogenesis; thus, they could serve as promising AD diagnostic biomarkers. Additionally, network biology approaches have been suggested as effective tools to study AD on the systems level and discover multi-target-directed ligands as novel treatments for AD. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology to provide a better understanding of disease pathogenesis hypotheses and decipher the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in disease development and progression. We also provide an overview of disease biomarkers and drug targets and suggest network biology approaches as new tools for identifying novel biomarkers and drugs. We also posit that the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence to mining Alzheimer's disease multi-omics data will facilitate drug and biomarker discovery efforts and lead to effective individualized anti-Alzheimer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carlina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- National Center for Epidemics and Communicable Disease Control, Amman 11118, Jordan
- Correspondence:
| | - Dima A. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Osama H. Abusara
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Abdel Qader Al Bawab
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Yang Z, He X, Pu S, Yang C, Wu Q, Zhou Z, Cen X, Zhao H. Mitochondrial protein dysfunction in pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974480. [PMID: 36157077 PMCID: PMC9489860 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for neuronal function and cell survival. Besides the well-known bioenergetics, additional mitochondrial roles in calcium signaling, lipid biogenesis, regulation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis are pivotal in diverse cellular processes. The mitochondrial proteome encompasses about 1,500 proteins encoded by both the nuclear DNA and the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, or combinations of both, can result in mitochondrial protein deficiencies and mitochondrial malfunction. Therefore, mitochondrial quality control by proteins involved in various surveillance mechanisms is critical for neuronal integrity and viability. Abnormal proteins involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, mitophagy, import machinery, ion channels, and mitochondrial DNA maintenance have been linked to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. The goal of this review is to give an overview of these pathways and to summarize the interconnections between mitochondrial protein dysfunction and neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyun Yang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiumei He
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shiming Pu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Zuping Zhou
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Lu L, Chen C, Field RW, D'Alton M, Kahe K. Does protracted radon exposure play a role in the development of dementia? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112980. [PMID: 35189101 PMCID: PMC9081166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radon is a ubiquitous radioactive gas that decays into a series of solid radioactive decay products. Radon, and its decay products, enter the human body primarily through inhalation and can be delivered to various tissues including the brain through systemic circulation. It can also reach the brain by neuronal pathways via the olfactory system. While ionizing radiation has been suggested as a risk factor of dementia for decades, studies exploring the possible role of radon exposure in the development of Alzheimer's Diseases (AD) and other dementias are sparse. We systematically reviewed the literature and found several lines of evidence suggesting that radon decay products (RDPs) disproportionally deposit in the brain of AD patients with selective accumulation within the protein fractions. Ecologic study findings also indicate a significant positive correlation between geographic-level radon distribution and AD mortality in the US. Additionally, pathologic studies of radon shed light on the potential pathways of radon decay product induced proinflammation and oxidative stress that may result in the development of dementia. In summary, there are plausible underlying biological mechanisms linking radon exposure to the risk of dementia. Since randomized clinical trials on radon exposure are not feasible, well-designed individual-level epidemiologic studies are urgently needed to elucidate the possible association between radon (i.e., RDPs) exposure and the onset of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Liping Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - R William Field
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Mary D'Alton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ka Kahe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chakraborty M, Rao A, Mohanty K. Role of Mitochondrial Mutations in Ocular Aggregopathy. Cureus 2022; 14:e27129. [PMID: 36004037 PMCID: PMC9392836 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles that are responsible for oxidative stress-induced damage in age-dependent neurodegenerations such as glaucoma. Previous studies have linked mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations to cellular energy shortages that result in eye degeneration. Methodology To look for nucleotide variations in mtDNA in exfoliation syndrome/glaucoma (XFS/XFG), we performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the entire coding region of the mitochondrial genome from peripheral blood of XFS/XFG (n = 25) patients and controls (n = 25). Results This study identified a total of 65 variations in XFS/XFG patients, of which 25 (38%) variations were non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNPs). Out of 25 nsSNPs, seven (five nsSNP in MT-ND4 and two in MT-ATP6 gene) were predicted as pathogenic using four different software, namely, SIFT, Polyphene2, mutation taster, and MutPred2. The pathogenic nsSNPs were then subjected to structural change analysis using online tools. Conclusions The pathogenic nsSNPs were found in both proteins' transmembrane domains and were expected to be conserved, but with lower protein stability (ΔΔG <- 0.5), indicating a possibly harmful effect in exfoliation. However, three-dimensional protein analysis indicated that the predicted mutations in MT-ND4 and MT-ATP6 were unlikely to alter the protein function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Chakraborty
- Research, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, IND
- Research, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Aparna Rao
- Glaucoma, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Kuldeep Mohanty
- Research, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, IND
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, IND
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aghali A, Koloko Ngassie ML, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Cellular Senescence in Aging Lungs and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111781. [PMID: 35681476 PMCID: PMC9179897 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence represents a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest occurring naturally or in response to exogenous stressors. Following the initial arrest, progressive phenotypic changes define conditions of cellular senescence. Understanding molecular mechanisms that drive senescence can help to recognize the importance of such pathways in lung health and disease. There is increasing interest in the role of cellular senescence in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in the context of understanding pathophysiology and identification of novel therapies. Herein, we discuss the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction regulating different aspects of cellular senescence-related to chronic lung diseases to develop rational strategies for modulating the senescent cell phenotype in the lung for therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arbi Aghali
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.A.); (C.M.P.)
| | - Maunick Lefin Koloko Ngassie
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christina M. Pabelick
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.A.); (C.M.P.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (A.A.); (C.M.P.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Multiple Criteria Optimization (MCO): A gene selection deterministic tool in RStudio. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262890. [PMID: 35085348 PMCID: PMC8794188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes with the largest expression changes (gene selection) to characterize a given condition is a popular first step to drive exploration into molecular mechanisms and is, therefore, paramount for therapeutic development. Reproducibility in the sciences makes it necessary to emphasize objectivity and systematic repeatability in biological and informatics analyses, including gene selection. With these two characteristics in mind, in previous works our research team has proposed using multiple criteria optimization (MCO) in gene selection to analyze microarray datasets. The result of this effort is the MCO algorithm, which selects genes with the largest expression changes without user manipulation of neither informatics nor statistical parameters. Furthermore, the user is not required to choose either a preference structure among multiple measures or a predetermined quantity of genes to be deemed significant a priori. This implies that using the same datasets and performance measures (PMs), the method will converge to the same set of selected differentially expressed genes (repeatability) despite who carries out the analysis (objectivity). The present work describes the development of an open-source tool in RStudio to enable both: (1) individual analysis of single datasets with two or three PMs and (2) meta-analysis with up to five microarray datasets, using one PM from each dataset. The capabilities afforded by the code include license-free portability and the possibility to carry out analyses via modest computer hardware, such as personal laptops. The code provides affordable, repeatable, and objective detection of differentially expressed genes from microarrays. It can be used to analyze other experiments with similar experimental comparative layouts, such as microRNA arrays and protein arrays, among others. As a demonstration of the capabilities of the code, the analysis of four publicly-available microarray datasets related to Parkinson´s Disease (PD) is presented here, treating each dataset individually or as a four-way meta-analysis. These MCO-supported analyses made it possible to identify MMP9 and TUBB2A as potential PD genetic biomarkers based on their persistent appearance across each of the case studies. A literature search confirmed the importance of these genes in PD and indeed as PD biomarkers, which evidences the code´s potential.
Collapse
|
21
|
Vodičková A, Koren SA, Wojtovich AP. Site-specific mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:1-18. [PMID: 35182728 PMCID: PMC9035127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for neuronal survival and mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of neurodegeneration. The loss in mitochondrial energy production, oxidative stress, and changes in calcium handling are associated with neurodegenerative diseases; however, different sites and types of mitochondrial dysfunction are linked to distinct neuropathologies. Understanding the causal or correlative relationship between changes in mitochondria and neuropathology will lead to new therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize the evidence of site-specific mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial-related clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases. We further discuss potential therapeutic approaches, such as mitochondrial transplantation, restoration of mitochondrial function, and pharmacological alleviation of mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anežka Vodičková
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Shon A Koren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Younes N, Alsahan BS, Al-Mesaifri AJ, Da’as SI, Pintus G, Majdalawieh AF, Nasrallah GK. JC-10 probe as a novel method for analyzing the mitochondrial membrane potential and cell stress in whole zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:77-87. [PMID: 35237413 PMCID: PMC8882781 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sensitive method to investigate cellular stress and cytotoxicity is based on measuring mitochondrial membrane potential. Recently, JC-10, was developed to measure mitochondrial membrane potential in vitro and used as an indicator for cytotoxicity. Yet, JC-10 has never been used in vivo (whole organism). In normal cells, JC-10 concentrates in the mitochondrial matrix, where it forms red fluorescent aggregates. However, in apoptotic/necrotic cells, JC-10 diffuses out of the mitochondria, changes to monomeric form, and stains cells in green. Here, we aimed to develop and optimize a JC-10 assay to measure cytotoxicity in zebrafish embryo. We also investigated the effectiveness of JC-10 assay by comparing it to common cytotoxicity assays. METHODS Zebrafish embryos were exposed to a toxic surfactant AEO-7 at no observed effect concentration (6.4 μg/L), and then cytotoxicity was measured using (i) JC-10 mitochondrial assay, (ii) acridine orange (AO), (iii) TUNEL assay, and (iv) measuring the level of Hsp70 by western blotting. RESULTS As compared to the negative control, embryos treated with NOEC of AEO-7 did not show significant cytotoxicity when assessed by AO, TUNEL or western blotting. However, when JC-10 was used under the same experimental conditions, a significant increase of green:red fluorescent ratio signal was detected in the AEO-7 treated embryos, indicating mitochondrial damage and cellular cytotoxicity. Noteworthy, the observed green: red ratio increase was dose dependent, suggesting specificity of the JC-10 assay. CONCLUSION JC-10 is a sensitive in vivo method, thus, can be used as surrogate assay to measure cytotoxicity in whole zebrafish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Younes
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Bana S Alsahan
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa J Al-Mesaifri
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Sahar I Da’as
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amin F Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rajendran R, Ragavan RP, Al-Sehemi AG, Uddin MS, Aleya L, Mathew B. Current understandings and perspectives of petroleum hydrocarbons in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: a global concern. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10928-10949. [PMID: 35000177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the global prevalence of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative illnesses has risen rapidly. Although the aetiology remains unclear, evidence is mounting that exposure to persistent hydrocarbon pollutants is a substantial risk factor, predisposing a person to neurological diseases later in life. Epidemiological studies correlate environmental hydrocarbon exposure to brain disorders including neuropathies, cognitive, motor and sensory impairments; neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD); and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Particulate matter, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and endocrine-disrupting chemicals have all been linked to neurodevelopmental problems in all class of people. There is mounting evidence that supports the prevalence of petroleum hydrocarbon becoming neurotoxic and being involved in the pathogenesis of AD and PD. More study is needed to fully comprehend the scope of these problems in the context of unconventional oil and natural gas. This review summarises in vitro, animal and epidemiological research on the genesis of neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting evidence that supports inexorable role of hazardous hydrocarbon exposure in the pathophysiology of AD and PD. In this review, we offer a summary of the existing evidence gathered through a Medline literature search of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the most important epidemiological studies published so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Roshni Pushpa Ragavan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environment, CNRS6249, Universite de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besancon, France
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mitochondrial DNA and Alzheimer's disease: a first case-control study of the Tunisian population. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1687-1700. [PMID: 34854014 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in humans and presents a major health problem throughout the world. The etiology of AD is complex, and many factors are implicated, including mitochondria. Mitochondrial alteration has been proposed as a possible cause of AD. Therefore, several studies have focused on finding an association between inherited mitochondrial DNA variants and AD onset. METHODS In this study, we looked, for the first time, for a potential association between mitochondrial haplogroups or polymorphisms and AD in the Tunisian population. We also evaluated the distribution of the major genetic risk factor for AD, the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE ε4), in this population. In total, 159 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups were genotyped in 254 individuals (58 patients and 196 controls). An additional genotyping of APOE ε4 was performed. RESULTS No significant association between mitochondrial haplogroups and AD was found. However, two individual SNPs, A5656G (p = 0.03821, OR = 10.46) and A13759G (p = 0.03719, OR = 10.78), showed a significant association with AD. APOE 4 was confirmed as a risk factor for AD (p = 0.000014). CONCLUSION Our findings may confirm the absence of a relation between mitochondrial haplogroups and AD and support the possible involvement of some inherited variants in the pathogenicity of AD.
Collapse
|
25
|
Warnsmann V, Meisterknecht J, Wittig I, Osiewacz HD. Aging of Podospora anserina Leads to Alterations of OXPHOS and the Induction of Non-Mitochondrial Salvage Pathways. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123319. [PMID: 34943827 PMCID: PMC8699231 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of functionally impaired mitochondria is a key event in aging. Previous works with the fungal aging model Podospora anserina demonstrated pronounced age-dependent changes of mitochondrial morphology and ultrastructure, as well as alterations of transcript and protein levels, including individual proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The identified protein changes do not reflect the level of the whole protein complexes as they function in-vivo. In the present study, we investigated in detail the age-dependent changes of assembled mitochondrial protein complexes, using complexome profiling. We observed pronounced age-depen-dent alterations of the OXPHOS complexes, including the loss of mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes (mtRSCs) and a reduction in the abundance of complex I and complex IV. Additionally, we identified a switch from the standard complex IV-dependent respiration to an alternative respiration during the aging of the P. anserina wild type. Interestingly, we identified proteasome components, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins, for which the recruitment to mitochondria appeared to be increased in the mitochondria of older cultures. Overall, our data demonstrate pronounced age-dependent alterations of the protein complexes involved in energy transduction and suggest the induction of different non-mitochondrial salvage pathways, to counteract the age-dependent mitochondrial impairments which occur during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Warnsmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jana Meisterknecht
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stein-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stein-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinz D Osiewacz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alavi MV. Tau phosphorylation and OPA1 proteolysis are unrelated events: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119116. [PMID: 34400172 PMCID: PMC8525314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease are plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Yet, Alzheimer's is a complex disease with many contributing factors, such as energy-metabolic changes, which have been documented in autopsy brains from individuals with Alzheimer's and animal disease models alike. One conceivable explanation is that the interplay of age-related extracellular and intracellular alterations pertaining to Alzheimer's, such as cerebrovascular changes, protein aggregates and inflammation, evoke a mitochondrial response. However, it is not clear if and how mitochondria can contribute to Alzheimer's pathophysiology. This study focuses on one particular aspect of this question by investigating the functional interaction between the microtubule-associated protein tau and the mitochondrial inner membrane fusion machinery, which shows alterations in Alzheimer's brains. OPA1 is an essential inner membrane-fusion protein regulated by the two membrane proteases OMA1 and YME1L1. Assessment of OPA1 proteolysis-usually found in dividing mitochondria-and posttranslational tau modifications in mouse and human neuroblastoma cells under different experimental conditions clarified the relationship between these two pathways: OPA1 hydrolysis and phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of tau may coincide, but are not causally related. OPA1 cleavage did not alter tau's phosphorylation pattern. Conversely, tau's phosphorylation state did not induce nor correlate with OPA1 proteolysis. These results irrefutably demonstrate that there is no direct functional interaction between posttranslational tau modifications and the regulation of the OMA1-OPA1 pathway, which implies a common root cause modulating both pathways in Alzheimer's.
Collapse
|
27
|
McKeegan PJ, Boardman SF, Wanless AA, Boyd G, Warwick LJ, Lu J, Gnanaprabha K, Picton HM. Intracellular oxygen metabolism during bovine oocyte and preimplantation embryo development. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21245. [PMID: 34711892 PMCID: PMC8553752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel method to profile intrcellular oxygen concentration (icO2) during in vitro mammalian oocyte and preimplantation embryo development using a commercially available multimodal phosphorescent nanosensor (MM2). Abattoir-derived bovine oocytes and embryos were incubated with MM2 in vitro. A series of inhibitors were applied during live-cell multiphoton imaging to record changes in icO2 associated with mitochondrial processes. The uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) uncouples mitochondrial oxygen consumption to its maximum, while antimycin inhibits complex III to ablate mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Increasing oxygen consumption was expected to reduce icO2 and decreasing oxygen consumption to increase icO2. Use of these inhibitors quantifies how much oxygen is consumed at basal in comparison to the upper and lower limits of mitochondrial function. icO2 measurements were compared to mitochondrial DNA copy number analysed by qPCR. Antimycin treatment increased icO2 for all stages tested, suggesting significant mitochondrial oxygen consumption at basal. icO2 of oocytes and preimplantation embryos were unaffected by FCCP treatment. Inner cell mass icO2 was lower than trophectoderm, perhaps reflecting limitations of diffusion. Mitochondrial DNA copy numbers were similar between stages in the range 0.9-4 × 106 copies and did not correlate with icO2. These results validate the MM2 probe as a sensitive, non-toxic probe of intracellular oxygen concentration in mammalian oocytes and preimplantation embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J McKeegan
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Selina F Boardman
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- CARE Fertility, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Amy A Wanless
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Assisted Conception Unit, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Grace Boyd
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, England, UK
| | - Laura J Warwick
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, England, UK
| | - Jianping Lu
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Keerthi Gnanaprabha
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- GCRM Fertility, 21 Fifty Pitches Way, Glasgow, G51 4FD, Scotland, UK
| | - Helen M Picton
- Reproduction and Early Development Research Group, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Eteghadi MR, Nasehi M, Vaseghi S, Hesami-Tackallou S. The effect of Crocin on TFAM and PGC-1α expression and Catalase and Superoxide dismutase activities following cholestasis-induced neuroinflammation in the striatum of male Wistar rats. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1791-1801. [PMID: 34019207 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bile secretion is a physiological function that is disrupted following Bile Duct Ligation (BDL) and induces cholestasis. Cholestasis is a bile flow reduction that induces apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and alters the expression of genes. Evidence shows the relationship between cholestasis and neuroinflammation. Cholestasis via attenuating mitochondrial biogenesis and anti-oxidant activity can induce neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (TFAM) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, and TFAM, PGC-1α, Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) have a role in upregulating antioxidant pathways. On the other hand, many studies have shown the neuroprotective effects of Crocin, the water-soluble carotenoid of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Crocin on the level of TFAM, PGC-1α, CAT, and SOD following cholestasis-induced neuroinflammation in the rat's striatum. Cholestasis was induced by BDL surgery and administration of Crocin was intraperitoneal, at the dose of 30 mg/kg every day, 24 h after BDL surgery up to thirty days. The results showed that TFAM, PGC-1α, and SOD were decreased following cholestasis; while, CAT was increased. In addition, Crocin restored the effects of cholestasis on the level of TFAM, PGC-1α, and SOD. In conclusion, Crocin may have improvement effects on cholestasis-induced neuroinflammation in the rat's striatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Eteghadi
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hesami-Tackallou
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Leese HJ, McKeegan PJ, Sturmey RG. Amino Acids and the Early Mammalian Embryo: Origin, Fate, Function and Life-Long Legacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9874. [PMID: 34574797 PMCID: PMC8467587 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are now recognised as having multiple cellular functions in addition to their traditional role as constituents of proteins. This is well-illustrated in the early mammalian embryo where amino acids are now known to be involved in intermediary metabolism, as energy substrates, in signal transduction, osmoregulation and as intermediaries in numerous pathways which involve nitrogen metabolism, e.g., the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, creatine and glutathione. The amino acid derivative S-adenosylmethionine has emerged as a universal methylating agent with a fundamental role in epigenetic regulation. Amino acids are now added routinely to preimplantation embryo culture media. This review examines the routes by which amino acids are supplied to the early embryo, focusing on the role of the oviduct epithelium, followed by an outline of their general fate and function within the embryo. Functions specific to individual amino acids are then considered. The importance of amino acids during the preimplantation period for maternal health and that of the conceptus long term, which has come from the developmental origins of health and disease concept of David Barker, is discussed and the review concludes by considering the potential utility of amino acid profiles as diagnostic of embryo health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry J. Leese
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Paul J. McKeegan
- Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Roger G. Sturmey
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Molaei P, Vaseghi S, Entezari M, Hashemi M, Nasehi M. The Effect of NeuroAid (MLC901) on Cholestasis-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment with Respect to the Expression of BAX, BCL-2, BAD, PGC-1α and TFAM Genes in the Hippocampus of Male Wistar Rats. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2154-2166. [PMID: 34031842 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a bile flow reduction that is induced following Bile Duct Ligation (BDL). Cholestasis impairs memory and induces apoptosis. Apoptosis consists of two pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic pathway is modulated by BCL-2 (B cell lymphoma-2) family proteins. BCL-2 (a pro-survival BCL-2 protein) has anti-apoptotic effect, while BAD (BCL-2-associated death) and BAX (BCL-2-associated X), the other members of BCL-2 family have pro-apoptotic effect. Furthermore, TFAM (mitochondrial transcriptional factor A) is involved in transcription and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA and PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α) is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. On the other hand, NeuroAid is a Traditional Chinese Medicine with neuroprotective and anti-apoptosis effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of cholestasis on spatial memory and expression of BCL-2, BAD, BAX, TFAM, and PGC-1α in the hippocampus of rats. Additionally, we assessed the effect of NeuroAid on cholestasis-induced cognitive and genetic alterations. Cholestasis was induced by BDL surgery and NeuroAid was injected intraperitoneal at the dose of 0.4 mg/kg. Furthermore, spatial memory was evaluated using Morris Water Maze (MWM) apparatus. The results showed cholestasis impaired spatial memory, increased the expression of BAD and BAX, decreased the expression of TFAM and PGC-1α, and did not alter the expression of BCL-2. Also, NeuroAid decreased the expression of BAD and BAX and increased the expression of TFAM, PGC-1α, and BCL-2. In conclusion, cholestasis impaired spatial memory and increased the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Also, cholestasis decreased the expression of TFAM and PGC-1α. Interestingly, NeuroAid restored the effects of cholestasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Molaei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sukhorukov VS, Mudzhiri NM, Voronkova AS, Baranich TI, Glinkina VV, Illarioshkin SN. Mitochondrial Disorders in Alzheimer's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:667-679. [PMID: 34225590 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. Understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis is constantly expanding. Thus, the increasing attention of researchers is directed to the study of the role of mitochondrial disorders. In addition, in recent years, the concept of Alzheimer's disease as a stress-induced disease has begun to form more and more actively. The stress-induced damage to the neuronal system can trigger a vicious circle of pathological processes, among which mitochondrial dysfunctions have a significant place, since mitochondria represent a substantial component in the anti-stress activity of the cell. The study of mitochondrial disorders in Alzheimer's disease is relevant for at least two reasons: first, as important pathogenetic component in this disease; second, due to vital role of mitochondria in formation of the body resistance to various conditions, including stressful ones, throughout the life. This literature review analyzes the results of a number of recent studies assessing potential significance of the mitochondrial disorders in Alzheimer's disease. The probable mechanisms of mitochondrial disorders associated with the development of this disease are considered: bioenergetic dysfunctions, changes in mitochondrial DNA (including assessment of the significance of its haplogroup features), disorders in the dynamics of these organelles, oxidative damage to calcium channels, damage to MAM complexes (membranes associated with mitochondria; mitochondria-associated membranes), disruptions of the mitochondrial quality control system, mitochondrial permeability, etc. The issues of the "primary" or "secondary" mitochondrial damage in Alzheimer's disease are discussed. Potentials for the development of new methods for diagnosis and therapy of mitochondrial disorders in Alzheimer's disease are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tatiana I Baranich
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Valeria V Glinkina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Paß T, Wiesner RJ, Pla-Martín D. Selective Neuron Vulnerability in Common and Rare Diseases-Mitochondria in the Focus. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:676187. [PMID: 34295920 PMCID: PMC8290884 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.676187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central feature of neurodegeneration within the central and peripheral nervous system, highlighting a strong dependence on proper mitochondrial function of neurons with especially high energy consumptions. The fitness of mitochondria critically depends on preservation of distinct processes, including the maintenance of their own genome, mitochondrial dynamics, quality control, and Ca2+ handling. These processes appear to be differently affected in common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, as well as in rare neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and peripheral neuropathies. Strikingly, particular neuron populations of different morphology and function perish in these diseases, suggesting that cell-type specific factors contribute to the vulnerability to distinct mitochondrial defects. Here we review the disruption of mitochondrial processes in common as well as in rare neurological disorders and its impact on selective neurodegeneration. Understanding discrepancies and commonalities regarding mitochondrial dysfunction as well as individual neuronal demands will help to design new targets and to make use of already established treatments in order to improve treatment of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Paß
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Pla-Martín
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Friedrich VK, Rubel MA, Schurr TG. Mitochondrial genetic variation in human bioenergetics, adaptation, and adult disease. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23629. [PMID: 34146380 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondria are critical for the survival of eukaryotic organisms due to their ability to produce cellular energy, which drives virtually all aspects of host biology. However, the effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in relation to disease etiology and adaptation within contemporary global human populations remains incompletely understood. METHODS To develop a more holistic understanding of the role of mtDNA diversity in human adaptation, health, and disease, we investigated mitochondrial biology and bioenergetics. More specifically, we synthesized details from studies of mitochondrial function and variation in the context of haplogroup background, climatic adaptation, and oxidative disease. RESULTS The majority of studies show that mtDNA variation arose during modern human dispersal around the world. Some of these variants appear to have been positively selected for their adaptiveness in colder climates, with these sequence changes having implications for tissue-specific function and thermogenic capacity. In addition, many variants modulating energy production are also associated with damaging metabolic byproducts and mitochondrial dysfunction, which, in turn, are implicated in the onset and severity of several different adult mitochondrial diseases. Thus, mtDNA variation that governs bioenergetics, metabolism, and thermoregulation may potentially have adverse consequences for human health, depending on the genetic background and context in which it occurs. CONCLUSIONS Our review suggests that the mitochondrial research field would benefit from independently replicating mtDNA haplogroup-phenotype associations across global populations, incorporating potentially confounding environmental, demographic, and disease covariates into studies of mtDNA variation, and extending association-based studies to include analyses of complete mitogenomes and assays of mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volney K Friedrich
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meagan A Rubel
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Translational Imaging and Precision Medicine, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Niederschweiberer MA, Schaefer PM, Singh LN, Lausser L, Bhosale D, Hesse R, Calzia E, Kestler HA, Rueck A, Wallace DC, von Einem B, von Arnim CAF. NADH Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Reveals Selective Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurons Overexpressing Alzheimer's Disease-Related Proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:671274. [PMID: 34195227 PMCID: PMC8236706 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.671274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, affects globally more than 30 million people suffering from cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Substantial evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development and/or progression of AD has been shown in addition to the pathological hallmarks amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau. Still, the selective vulnerability and associated selective mitochondrial dysfunction cannot even be resolved to date. We aimed at optically quantifying mitochondrial function on a single-cell level in primary hippocampal neuron models of AD, unraveling differential involvement of cell and mitochondrial populations in amyloid precursor protein (APP)-associated mitochondrial dysfunction. NADH lifetime imaging is a highly sensitive marker-free method with high spatial resolution. However, deciphering cellular bioenergetics of complex cells like primary neurons has still not succeeded yet. To achieve this, we combined highly sensitive NADH lifetime imaging with respiratory inhibitor treatment, allowing characterization of mitochondrial function down to even the subcellular level in primary neurons. Measuring NADH lifetime of the same neuron before and after respiratory treatment reveals the metabolic delta, which can be taken as a surrogate for cellular redox capacity. Correlating NADH lifetime delta with overexpression strength of Aβ-related proteins on the single-cell level, we could verify the important role of intracellular Aβ-mediated mitochondrial toxicity. Subcellularly, we could demonstrate a higher respiration in neuronal somata in general than dendrites, but a similar impairment of somatic and dendritic mitochondria in our AD models. This illustrates the power of NADH lifetime imaging in revealing mitochondrial function on a single and even subcellular level and its potential to shed light into bioenergetic alterations in neuropsychiatric diseases and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz A Niederschweiberer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick M Schaefer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Larry N Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ludwig Lausser
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Devyani Bhosale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Raphael Hesse
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Enrico Calzia
- University Medical School, Institute of Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Angelika Rueck
- Core Facility Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Christine A F von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Division of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Reddy AP, Sawant N, Morton H, Kshirsagar S, Bunquin LE, Yin X, Reddy PH. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram ameliorates cognitive decline and protects against amyloid beta-induced mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy and synaptic toxicities in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:789-810. [PMID: 33791799 PMCID: PMC8161521 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we investigated the protective role of citalopram against cognitive decline, impaired mitochondrial dynamics, defective mitochondrial biogenesis, defective autophagy, mitophagy and synaptic dysfunction in APP transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (ad). We treated 12-month-old wild-type (WT) and age-matched transgenic APP mice with citalopram for 2 months. Using Morris Water Maze and rotarod tests, quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, biochemical methods and transmission electron microscopy methods, we assessed cognitive behavior, RNA and protein levels of mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy, synaptic, ad-related and neurogenesis genes in wild-type and APP mice treated and untreated with citalopram. Citalopram-treated APP mice relative to citalopram-untreated APP mice exhibited improved cognitive behavior. Increased levels of mRNA associated with mitochondrial fission and ad-related genes; decreased levels of fusion, biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy, synaptic and neurogenesis genes were found in APP mice relative to WT mice. However, APP mice treated with citalopram compared to citalopram-untreated APP mice revealed reduced levels of the mitochondrial fission and ad-related genes and increased fusion, biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy, synaptic and neurogenesis genes. Our protein data agree with the mRNA levels. Transmission electron microscopy revealed significantly increased mitochondrial numbers and reduced mitochondrial length in APP mice; these were reversed in citalopram-treated APP mice. Further, Golgi-cox staining analysis revealed reduced dendritic spines in APP mice relative to WT mice. However, citalopram-treated APP mice showed significantly increased dendritic spines, indicating that citalopram enhances spine density, synaptic activity and improved cognitive function in APP mice. These findings suggest that citalopram reduces cognitive decline, Aβ levels and mitochondrial and synaptic toxicities and may have a strong protective role against mutant APP and Aβ-induced injuries in patients with depression, anxiety and ad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1270, USA
| | - Neha Sawant
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Hallie Morton
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Lloyd E Bunquin
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1270, USA
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Xiangling Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4 Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4 Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4 Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4 Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Behl T, Kaur G, Sehgal A, Zengin G, Singh S, Ahmadi A, Bungau S. Flavonoids, the Family of Plant-derived Antioxidants making inroads into Novel Therapeutic Design against IR-induced Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:324-343. [PMID: 34030619 PMCID: PMC9413797 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210524152817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ionizing radiation from telluric sources is unceasingly an unprotected pitfall to humans. Thus, the foremost contributors to human exposure are global and medical radiations. Various evidences assembled during preceding years reveal the pertinent role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in the progression of neurodegenerative insults, such as Parkinson’s disease, which have been contributing to increased proliferation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Objective: This review delineates the role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease and proposes novel therapeutic interventions of flavonoid family, offering effective management and slowing down the progression of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Published papers were searched in MEDLINE, PubMed, etc., published to date for in-depth database collection. Results: The oxidative damage may harm the non-targeted cells. It can also modulate the functions of the central nervous system, such as protein misfolding, mitochondria dysfunction, increased levels of oxidized lipids, and dopaminergic cell death, which accelerate the progression of Parkinson’s disease at the molecular, cellular, or tissue levels. In Parkinson’s disease, reactive oxygen species exacerbate the production of nitric oxides and superoxides by activated microglia, rendering death of dopaminergic neuronal cell through different mechanisms. Conclusion: Rising interest has extensively engrossed in the clinical trial designs based on the plant-derived family of antioxidants. They are known to exert multifarious impact on neuroprotection via directly suppressing ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production or indirectly increasing the dopamine levels and activating the glial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari. Iran
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea. Romania
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hershberger KA, Rooney JP, Turner EA, Donoghue LJ, Bodhicharla R, Maurer LL, Ryde IT, Kim JJ, Joglekar R, Hibshman JD, Smith LL, Bhatt DP, Ilkayeva OR, Hirschey MD, Meyer JN. Early-life mitochondrial DNA damage results in lifelong deficits in energy production mediated by redox signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol 2021; 43:102000. [PMID: 33993056 PMCID: PMC8134077 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of damage to the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) are poorly understood, although mtDNA is more susceptible to damage resulting from some genotoxicants than nuclear DNA (nucDNA), and many environmental toxicants target the mitochondria. Reports from the toxicological literature suggest that exposure to early-life mitochondrial damage could lead to deleterious consequences later in life (the “Developmental Origins of Health and Disease” paradigm), but reports from other fields often report beneficial (“mitohormetic”) responses to such damage. Here, we tested the effects of low (causing no change in lifespan) levels of ultraviolet C (UVC)-induced, irreparable mtDNA damage during early development in Caenorhabditis elegans. This exposure led to life-long reductions in mtDNA copy number and steady-state ATP levels, accompanied by increased oxygen consumption and altered metabolite profiles, suggesting inefficient mitochondrial function. Exposed nematodes were also developmentally delayed, reached smaller adult size, and were rendered more susceptible to subsequent exposure to chemical mitotoxicants. Metabolomic and genetic analysis of key signaling and metabolic pathways supported redox and mitochondrial stress-response signaling during early development as a mechanism for establishing these persistent alterations. Our results highlight the importance of early-life exposures to environmental pollutants, especially in the context of exposure to chemicals that target mitochondria. Early life mtDNA damage led to lifelong deficits in mitochondrial function. C. elegans developed slowly and were sensitive to chemical exposures as adults. Redox signaling is a mechanism that establishes these persistent alterations. Data are consistent with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Hershberger
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John P Rooney
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elena A Turner
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren J Donoghue
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rakesh Bodhicharla
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Laura L Maurer
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ian T Ryde
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jina J Kim
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rashmi Joglekar
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hibshman
- Duke University Department of Biology and University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Latasha L Smith
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joel N Meyer
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Navazani P, Vaseghi S, Hashemi M, Shafaati MR, Nasehi M. Effects of Treadmill Exercise on the Expression Level of BAX, BAD, BCL-2, BCL-XL, TFAM, and PGC-1α in the Hippocampus of Thimerosal-Treated Rats. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1274-1284. [PMID: 33939098 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thimerosal (THIM) induces neurotoxic changes including neuronal death and releases apoptosis inducing factors from mitochondria to cytosol. THIM alters the expression level of factors involved in apoptosis. On the other hand, the anti-apoptotic effects of exercise have been reported. In this study, we aimed to discover the effect of three protocols of treadmill exercise on the expression level of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), BCL-2-associated death (BAD), BCL-2-associated X (BAX), BCL-XL, and BCL-2 (a pro-survival BCL-2 protein) in the hippocampus of control and THIM-exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were used in this research. Real-time PCR was applied to assess genes expression. The results showed that THIM increased the expression of pro-apoptotic factors (BAD and BAX), decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic factors (BCL-2 and BCL-XL), and decreased the expression of factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM and PGC-1α). Treadmill exercise protocols reversed the effect of THIM on all genes. In addition, treadmill exercise protocols decreased the expression of BAD and BAX, increased the expression of BCL-2, and increased the expression of TFAM and PGC-1α in control rats. In conclusion, THIM induced a pro-apoptotic effect and disturbed mitochondrial biogenesis and stability, whereas treadmill exercise reversed these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Navazani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Shafaati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Huang X, Yang J, Huang X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Zou L, Yang X. Tetramethylpyrazine Improves Cognitive Impairment and Modifies the Hippocampal Proteome in Two Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632843. [PMID: 33791294 PMCID: PMC8005584 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, has no effective treatment. We studied the potential effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), an alkaloid in the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (chuānxiong) to treat ischemic stroke, on AD progression in two AD mouse models. Eight-month-old 3xTg-AD mice received TMP treatment (10 mg/kg/d) for 1 month, and 4-month-old APP/PS1-AD mice received TMP treatment (10 mg/kg/d) for 2 months. Behavioral tests, including step-down passive avoidance (SDA), new object recognition (NOR), Morris water maze (MWM), and Contextual fear conditioning test showed that TMP significantly improved the learning and memory of the two AD-transgenic mice. In addition, TMP reduced beta-amyloid (Aß) levels and tau phosphorylation (p-tau). Venny map pointed out that 116 proteins were commonly changed in 3xTg mice vs. wild type (WT) mice and TMP-treated mice vs. -untreated mice. The same 130 proteins were commonly changed in APP/PS1 mice vs. WT mice and TMP-treated mice vs. -untreated mice. The functions of the common proteins modified by TMP in the two models were mainly involved in mitochondrial, synaptic, cytoskeleton, ATP binding, and GTP binding. Mitochondrial omics analysis revealed 21 and 20 differentially expressed mitochondrial proteins modified by TMP in 3xTg-AD mice and APP/PS1 mice, respectively. These differential proteins were located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, mitochondrial outer membrane, mitochondrial gap, and mitochondrial matrix, and the function of some proteins is closely related to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Western-blot analysis confirmed that TMP changed the expression of OXPHOS complex proteins (sdhb, ndufa10, uqcrfs1, cox5b, atp5a) in the hippocampus of the two AD mice. Taken together, we demonstrated that TMP treatment changed the hippocampal proteome, reduced AD pathology, and reduced cognitive impairment in the two AD models. The changes might be associated with modification of the mitochondrial protein profile by TMP. The results of the study suggest that TMP can improve the symptoms of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jinyao Yang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Second Clinical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou, Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangyu Zou
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Second Clinical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Subject of Modern Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nikolac Perkovic M, Videtic Paska A, Konjevod M, Kouter K, Svob Strac D, Nedic Erjavec G, Pivac N. Epigenetics of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020195. [PMID: 33573255 PMCID: PMC7911414 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently no validated biomarkers which can be used to accurately diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or to distinguish it from other dementia-causing neuropathologies. Moreover, to date, only symptomatic treatments exist for this progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In the search for new, more reliable biomarkers and potential therapeutic options, epigenetic modifications have emerged as important players in the pathogenesis of AD. The aim of the article was to provide a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of epigenetics (including mitoepigenetics) in AD, and the possibility of applying these advances for future AD therapy. Extensive research has suggested an important role of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation (with the emphasis on microRNAs) in the course and development of AD. Recent studies also indicated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as an interesting biomarker of AD, since dysfunctions in the mitochondria and lower mtDNA copy number have been associated with AD pathophysiology. The current evidence suggests that epigenetic changes can be successfully detected, not only in the central nervous system, but also in the cerebrospinal fluid and on the periphery, contributing further to their potential as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Alja Videtic Paska
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Katarina Kouter
- Medical Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.V.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (D.S.S.); (G.N.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +38-514-571-207
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kargaran PK, Mosqueira D, Kozicz T. Mitochondrial Medicine: Genetic Underpinnings and Disease Modeling Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:604581. [PMID: 33585579 PMCID: PMC7874022 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.604581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial medicine is an exciting and rapidly evolving field. While the mitochondrial genome is small and differs from the nuclear genome in that it is circular and free of histones, it has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, aging and cardiovascular disorders. Currently, there is a lack of efficient treatments for mitochondrial diseases. This has promoted the need for developing an appropriate platform to investigate and target the mitochondrial genome. However, developing these therapeutics requires a model system that enables rapid and effective studying of potential candidate therapeutics. In the past decade, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a promising technology for applications in basic science and clinical trials, and have the potential to be transformative for mitochondrial drug development. Engineered iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) offer a unique tool to model mitochondrial disorders. Additionally, these cellular models enable the discovery and testing of novel therapeutics and their impact on pathogenic mtDNA variants and dysfunctional mitochondria. Herein, we review recent advances in iPSC-CM models focused on mitochondrial dysfunction often causing cardiovascular diseases. The importance of mitochondrial disease systems biology coupled with genetically encoded NAD+/NADH sensors is addressed toward developing an in vitro translational approach to establish effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa K Kargaran
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Simple models including energy and spike constraints reproduce complex activity patterns and metabolic disruptions. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008503. [PMID: 33347433 PMCID: PMC7785241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we introduce new phenomenological neuronal models (eLIF and mAdExp) that account for energy supply and demand in the cell as well as the inactivation of spike generation how these interact with subthreshold and spiking dynamics. Including these constraints, the new models reproduce a broad range of biologically-relevant behaviors that are identified to be crucial in many neurological disorders, but were not captured by commonly used phenomenological models. Because of their low dimensionality eLIF and mAdExp open the possibility of future large-scale simulations for more realistic studies of brain circuits involved in neuronal disorders. The new models enable both more accurate modeling and the possibility to study energy-associated disorders over the whole time-course of disease progression instead of only comparing the initially healthy status with the final diseased state. These models, therefore, provide new theoretical and computational methods to assess the opportunities of early diagnostics and the potential of energy-centered approaches to improve therapies. Neurons, even “at rest”, require a constant supply of energy to function. They cannot sustain high-frequency activity over long periods because of regulatory mechanisms, such as adaptation or sodium channels inactivation, and metabolic limitations. These limitations are especially severe in many neuronal disorders, where energy can become insufficient and make the neuronal response change drastically, leading to increased burstiness, network oscillations, or seizures. Capturing such behaviors and impact of energy constraints on them is an essential prerequisite to study disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy. However, energy and spiking constraints are not present in any of the standard neuronal models used in computational neuroscience. Here we introduce models that provide a simple and scalable way to account for these features, enabling large-scale theoretical and computational studies of neurological disorders and activity patterns that could not be captured by previously used models. These models provide a way to study energy-associated disorders over the whole time-course of disease progression, and they enable a better assessment of energy-centered approaches to improve therapies.
Collapse
|
43
|
Chadha S, Behl T, Sehgal A, Kumar A, Bungau S. Exploring the role of mitochondrial proteins as molecular target in Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:62-72. [PMID: 33221353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain is a fully differentiated organ and is sensitive towards oxidative damage of various compounds including lipids, proteins, and DNA that occurs during process of normal aging and is mainly due to its high energy metabolism and reduced activity of anti-oxidative defense mechanism. Mitochondria are dynamic ATP-generating organelles which constitutes cellular functions such as regulation of intracellular calcium, bio-energetic processes, and reduction-oxidation of cells. Such functioning is negatively affected due to the presence of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) which is involved in pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Aβ interacts with mitochondria and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal interactions, oxidative stress, and mis-folding of synaptic proteins inside nervous system are explored and regarded as primary or initial features in insurgence of pathology (AD and other neurological disease). The major histopathological hallmarks of AD are characterized by presence of these hallmarks intracellularly, its further progression and exacerbation which leads to excessive accumulation of oligomeric as well as fibrillar-β-amyloid peptides (present extracellularly) and accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles intracellularly. The current review will focus on alterations and variation in mitochondria/mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the rationale for involvement of related abnormalities in pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chadha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Niu F, Sharma A, Wang Z, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Co-administration of TiO 2-nanowired dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) and mesenchymal stem cells enhanced neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease exacerbated by concussive head injury. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:101-155. [PMID: 33223034 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) is a powerful antioxidant compound with profound neuroprotective effects in stroke and brain injury. However, its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well known. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the key factors in precipitating PD like symptoms in civilians and particularly in military personnel. Thus, it would be interesting to explore the possible neuroprotective effects of NBP in PD following concussive head injury (CHI). In this chapter effect of nanowired delivery of NBP together with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in PD with CHI is discussed based on our own investigations. It appears that CHI exacerbates PD pathophysiology in terms of p-tau, α-synuclein (ASNC) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the loss of TH immunoreactivity in substantia niagra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum (STr) along with dopamine (DA), dopamine decarboxylase (DOPAC). And homovanillic acid (HVA). Our observations are the first to show that a combination of NBP with MSCs when delivered using nanowired technology induces superior neuroprotective effects in PD brain pathology exacerbated by CHI, not reported earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Niu
- CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
General anesthesia activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and induces age-dependent, long-lasting changes in mitochondrial function in the developing brain. Neurotoxicology 2020; 82:1-8. [PMID: 33144179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
General anesthesia induces changes in dendritic spine number and synaptic transmission in developing mice. These changes are rather disturbing, as similar changes are seen in animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders. We previously suggested that mTor-dependent upregulation of mitochondrial function may be involved in such changes. To further understand the significance of mitochondrial changes after general anesthesia during neurodevelopment, we exposed young mice to 2.5 % sevoflurane for 2 h followed by injection of rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. In postnatal day 17 (PND17) mice, intraperitoneal injection of rotenone not only blocked sevoflurane-induced increases in mitochondrial function, it also prevented sevoflurane-induced changes in excitatory synaptic transmission. Interestingly, similar changes were not observed in younger, neonatal mice (PND7). We next assessed whether the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) acted as a link between anesthetic exposure and mitochondrial function. Expression of UPRmt proteins, which help maintain protein-folding homeostasis and increase mitochondrial function, was increased 6 h after sevoflurane exposure. Our results show that a single, brief sevoflurane exposure induces age-dependent changes in mitochondrial function that constitute an important mechanism for the increase in excitatory synaptic transmission in late postnatal mice, and also suggest mitochondria and UPRmt as potential targets for preventing anesthesia toxicity.
Collapse
|
46
|
Pera M, Montesinos J, Larrea D, Agrawal RR, Velasco KR, Stavrovskaya IG, Yun TD, Area-Gomez E. MAM and C99, key players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 154:235-278. [PMID: 32739006 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inter-organelle communication is a rapidly-expanding field that has transformed our understanding of cell biology and pathology. Organelle-organelle contact sites can generate transient functional domains that act as enzymatic hubs involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism and intracellular signaling. One of these hubs is located in areas of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) connected to mitochondria, called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAM). These MAM are transient lipid rafts intimately involved in cholesterol and phospholipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial function and dynamics. In addition, γ-secretase-mediated proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein 99-aa C-terminal fragment (C99) to form amyloid β also occurs at the MAM. Our most recent data indicates that in Alzheimer's disease, increases in uncleaved C99 levels at the MAM provoke the upregulation of MAM-resident functions, resulting in the loss of lipid homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we discuss the relevance of these findings in the field, and the contribution of C99 and MAM dysfunction to Alzheimer's disease neuropathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pera
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rishi R Agrawal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin R Velasco
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Irina G Stavrovskaya
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Taekyung D Yun
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hallinger DR, Lindsay HB, Friedman KP, Suarez DA, Simmons SO. Respirometric Screening and Characterization of Mitochondrial Toxicants Within the ToxCast Phase I and II Chemical Libraries. Toxicol Sci 2020; 176:175-192. [PMID: 32374859 PMCID: PMC10626520 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity drives several adverse health outcomes. Current high-throughput screening assays for chemically induced mitochondrial toxicity typically measure changes to mitochondrial structure and may not detect known mitochondrial toxicants. We adapted a respirometric screening assay (RSA) measuring mitochondrial function to screen ToxCast chemicals in HepG2 cells using a tiered testing strategy. Of 1042 chemicals initially screened at a singlemaximal concentration, 243 actives were identified and rescreened at 7 concentrations. Concentration-response data for 3 respiration phases confirmed activity and indicated a mechanism for 193 mitochondrial toxicants: 149 electron transport chain inhibitors (ETCi), 15 uncouplers and 29 adenosine triphosphate synthase inhibitors. Subsequently, an electron flow assay was used to identify the target complex for 84 of the 149 ETCi. Sixty reference chemicals were used to compare the RSA to existing ToxCast and Tox21 mitochondrial toxicity assays. The RSA was most predictive (accuracy = 90%) of mitochondrial toxicity. The Tox21 mitochondrial membrane potential assay was also highly predictive (accuracy = 87%) of bioactivity but underestimated the potency of well-known ETCi and provided no mechanistic information. The tiered RSA approach accurately identifies and characterizes mitochondrial toxicants acting through diverse mechanisms and at a throughput sufficient to screen large chemical inventories. The electron flow assay provides additional confirmation and detailed mechanistic understanding for ETCi, the most common type of mitochondrial toxicants among ToxCast chemicals. The mitochondrial toxicity screening approach described herein may inform hazard assessment and the in vitro bioactive concentrations used to derive relevant doses for screening level chemical assessment using new approach methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danielle A. Suarez
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Early Onset of Sex-Dependent Mitochondrial Deficits in the Cortex of 3xTg Alzheimer's Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061541. [PMID: 32599904 PMCID: PMC7349170 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major public health concern worldwide. Advanced age and female sex are two of the most prominent risk factors for AD. AD is characterized by progressive neuronal loss, especially in the cortex and hippocampus, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed to be an early event in the onset and progression of the disease. Our results showed early perturbations in mitochondrial function in 3xTg mouse brain, with the cortex being more susceptible to mitochondrial changes than the hippocampus. In the cortex of 3xTg females, decreased coupled and uncoupled respiration were evident early (at 2 months of age), while in males it appeared later at 6 months of age. We observed increased coupled respiration in the hippocampus of 2-month-old 3xTg females, but no changes were detected later in life. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics were indicated by decreased mitofusin (Mfn2) and increased dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) (only in females) in the hippocampus and cortex of 3xTg mice. Our findings highlight the importance of controlling and accounting for sex, brain region, and age in studies examining brain bioenergetics using this common AD model in order to more accurately evaluate potential therapies and improve the sex-specific translatability of preclinical findings.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sukhorukov VS, Voronkova AS, Litvinova NA, Baranich TI, Illarioshkin SN. The Role of Mitochondrial DNA Individuality in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
50
|
Travaglione S, Loizzo S, Vona R, Ballan G, Rivabene R, Giordani D, Guidotti M, Dupuis ML, Maroccia Z, Baiula M, Rimondini R, Campana G, Fiorentini C. The Bacterial Toxin CNF1 Protects Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Cell Damage: The Hypothesis of CNF1-Promoted Autophagy as an Antioxidant Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093390. [PMID: 32403292 PMCID: PMC7247702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several chronic neuroinflammatory diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), have the so-called ‘redox imbalance’ in common, a dynamic system modulated by various factors. Among them, alteration of the mitochondrial functionality can cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the consequent induction of oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis. Considering the failure of clinical trials with drugs that eliminate ROS directly, research currently focuses on approaches that counteract redox imbalance, thus restoring normal physiology in a neuroinflammatory condition. Herein, we used SH-SY5Y cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a neurotoxin broadly employed to generate experimental models of PD. Cells were pre-treated with the Rho-modulating Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1), before the addition of 6-OHDA. Then, cell viability, mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, redox profile as well as autophagic markers expression were assessed. We found that CNF1 preserves cell viability and counteracts oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA. These effects are accompanied by modulation of the mitochondrial network and an increase in macroautophagic markers. Our results confirm the Rho GTPases as suitable pharmacological targets to counteract neuroinflammatory diseases and evidence the potentiality of CNF1, whose beneficial effects on pathological animal models have been already proven to act against oxidative stress through an autophagic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Travaglione
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49903692
| | - Stefano Loizzo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Rosa Vona
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Giulia Ballan
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Roberto Rivabene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Danila Giordani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Marco Guidotti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Maria Luisa Dupuis
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Zaira Maroccia
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Monica Baiula
- University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (R.Rim); (G.C.)
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (R.Rim); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriele Campana
- University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (R.Rim); (G.C.)
| | - Carla Fiorentini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
- Association for Research on Integrative Oncology Therapies (ARTOI), 00165 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|