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Tang F, Liu HY, He QY, Liu Y, Lv LP, Fei J, Fu L. Cobalt exposure and pulmonary function reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: the mediating role of club cell secretory protein. Respir Res 2024; 25:324. [PMID: 39182083 PMCID: PMC11344942 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cobalt (Co) is a metal which is widely used in the industrial production. The previous studies found the toxic effects of environmental Co exposure on multiple organs. However, the correlation of blood Co concentration with lung function was inconsistent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS All 771 stable COPD patients were recruited. Peripheral blood and clinical information were collected. The levels of blood Co and serum CC16 were measured. RESULTS Cross-sectional study suggested that the level of blood Co was inversely and dose-dependently related to lung function parameters. Each 1 ppm elevation of blood Co was related to 0.598 L decline in FVC, 0.465 L decline in FEV1, 6.540% decline in FEV1/FVC%, and 14.013% decline in FEV1%, respectively. Moreover, higher age, enrolled in winter, current-smoking, higher smoking amount, and inhaled corticosteroids prominently exacerbated the negative correlation between blood Co and lung function. Besides, serum CC16 content was gradually reduced with blood Co elevation in COPD patients. Besides, serum CC16 was positively correlated with lung function, and inversely related to blood Co. Additionally, decreased CC16 substantially mediated 11.45% and 6.37% Co-triggered downregulations in FEV1 and FEV1%, respectively. CONCLUSION Blood Co elevation is closely related to the reductions of pulmonary function and serum CC16. CC16 exerts a significantly mediating role of Co-related to pulmonary function decrease among COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology and Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qi-Yuan He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Ping Lv
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology and Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
| | - Jun Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road no 678, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, Anhui, China.
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Owutey SL, Procuniar KA, Akoto E, Davis JC, Vachon RM, O'Malley LF, Schneider HO, Smaldino PJ, True JD, Kalinski AL, Rubenstein EM. Endoplasmic reticulum and inner nuclear membrane ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes Ubc6 and Ubc7 confer resistance to hygromycin B in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001276. [PMID: 39139584 PMCID: PMC11320122 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins are destroyed through ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and INM-associated degradation (INMAD). We previously showed the Hrd1, Doa10, and Asi ERAD and INMAD ubiquitin ligases (E3s) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confer resistance to hygromycin B, which distorts the ribosome decoding center. Here, we assessed the requirement of Ubc6 and Ubc7, the primary ERAD and INMAD ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) for hygromycin B resistance. Loss of either E2 sensitized cells to hygromycin B, with UBC7 deletion having a greater impact, consistent with characterized roles for Ubc6 and Ubc7 in ER and INM protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jacob C Davis
- Department of Biology, Ball State University
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina
| | | | | | - Hayden O Schneider
- Department of Biology, Ball State University
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
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Liao H, Li Q, Chen Y, Tang J, Mou B, Lu F, Feng P, Li W, Li J, Fu C, Long W, Xiao X, Han X, Xin W, Yang F, Ma M, Liu B, Yang Y, Wang H. Genome-wide identification of resistance genes and response mechanism analysis of key gene knockout strain to catechol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1364425. [PMID: 38450166 PMCID: PMC10915035 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1364425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for biodegradation and transformation of industrial toxic substances such as catechol (CA) has received widespread attention, but the low tolerance of S. cerevisiae to CA has limited its development. The exploration and modification of genes or pathways related to CA tolerance in S. cerevisiae is an effective way to further improve the utilization efficiency of CA. This study identified 36 genes associated with CA tolerance in S. cerevisiae through genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analysis and the ERG6 knockout strain (ERG6Δ) is the most sensitive to CA. Based on the omics analysis of ERG6Δ under CA stress, it was found that ERG6 knockout affects pathways such as intrinsic component of membrane and pentose phosphate pathway. In addition, the study revealed that 29 genes related to the cell wall-membrane system were up-regulated by more than twice, NADPH and NADP+ were increased by 2.48 and 4.41 times respectively, and spermidine and spermine were increased by 2.85 and 2.14 times, respectively, in ERG6Δ. Overall, the response of cell wall-membrane system, the accumulation of spermidine and NADPH, as well as the increased levels of metabolites in pentose phosphate pathway are important findings in improving the CA resistance. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the tolerance of strains to CA and reducing the damage caused by CA to the ecological environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liao
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yulei Chen
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaye Tang
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Borui Mou
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Fujia Lu
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Feng
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Aba Prefecture Ecological Protection and Development Research Institute, Wenchuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jialian Li
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun Fu
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Wencong Long
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Ximeng Xiao
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuebing Han
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenli Xin
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengxuan Yang
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Menggen Ma
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Beidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Medicinaregatan, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yaojun Yang
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
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Glaß H, Jonitz-Heincke A, Petters J, Lukas J, Bader R, Hermann A. Corrosion Products from Metallic Implants Induce ROS and Cell Death in Human Motoneurons In Vitro. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:392. [PMID: 37623637 PMCID: PMC10455184 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to advances in surgical procedures and the biocompatibility of materials used in total joint replacement, more and younger patients are undergoing these procedures. Although state-of-the-art joint replacements can last 20 years or longer, wear and corrosion is still a major risk for implant failure, and patients with these implants are exposed for longer to these corrosive products. It is therefore important to investigate the potential effects on the whole organism. Released nanoparticles and ions derived from commonly used metal implants consist, among others, of cobalt, nickel, and chromium. The effect of these metallic products in the process of osteolysis and aseptic implant loosening has already been studied; however, the systemic effect on other cell types, including neurons, remains elusive. To this end, we used human iPSC-derived motoneurons to investigate the effects of metal ions on human neurons. We treated human motoneurons with ion concentrations regularly found in patients, stained them with MitoSOX and propidium iodide, and analyzed them with fluorescence-assisted cell sorting (FACS). We found that upon treatment human motoneurons suffered from the formation of ROS and subsequently died. These effects were most prominent in motoneurons treated with 500 μM of cobalt or nickel, in which we observed significant cell death, whereas chromium showed fewer ROS and no apparent impairment of motoneurons. Our results show that the wear and corrosive products of metal implants at concentrations readily available in peri-implant tissues induced ROS and subsequently cell death in an iPSC-derived motoneuron cell model. We therefore conclude that monitoring of neuronal impairment is important in patients undergoing total joint replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Glaß
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (H.G.)
| | - Anika Jonitz-Heincke
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Janine Petters
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (H.G.)
| | - Jan Lukas
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (H.G.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (H.G.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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Wang YH, Chiu WY, Chen YT, Cai PJ, Wu YC, Wu JL, Chen BH, Liu YW, Yu CJ, Lee FJS. Golgin Imh1 and GARP complex cooperate to restore the impaired SNARE recycling transport induced by ER stress. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110488. [PMID: 35320730 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induces the unfolded protein response (UPR), which acts through various mechanisms to reduce ER stress. While the UPR has been well studied for its effects on the ER, its impact on the Golgi is less understood. The Golgi complex receives transport vesicles from the endosome through two types of tethering factors: long coiled-coil golgin and the multisubunit Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex. Here, we report that ER stress increases the phosphorylation of golgin Imh1 to maintain the GARP-mediated recycling of the SNAREs Snc1 and Tlg1. We also identify a specific function of the Golgi affected by ER stress and elucidate a homeostatic response to restore this function, which involves both an Ire1-dependent and a MAP kinase Slt2/ERK2-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, our findings advance a general understanding of how two different types of tethers act cooperatively to mediate a transport pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu-Chieh Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lu Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Jen S Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhao Y, Su R, Li S, Mao Y. Mechanistic analysis of cadmium toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6346568. [PMID: 34370016 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a potentially toxic heavy metal, Cadmium (Cd) can cause endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress, and thus lead to cell death. To explore the mechanisms of Cd toxicity, we investigated the UPRE-lacZ expression, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in the 151 Cd-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to Cd stress. We identified 101 genes regulating UPRE-lacZ expression were involved in preventing ROS production and/or cell death from increasing to high levels, while mutants for 72 genes caused both elevated ROS production and cell death, indicating the Cd-induced ROS production and cell death are mediated by UPR. Genes involved in cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway, vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) and vacuolar transport, calcium/calcineurin pathway and PHO pathways were all required for the Cd-induced UPR, intracellular ROS and cell death. To conclude, this study highlights the importance of Cd-induced UPR, intracellular ROS levels and cell death that may play crucial roles in Cd-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ruifang Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shiyun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yin Mao
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Influence of chromium (III), cobalt (II) and their mixtures on cell metabolic activity. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chromium (III) and cobalt (II) are necessary elements required for the proper functioning of the organism, but their excess can cause toxic effects. They are the basic components of implants and are also commonly used in medicine as components of dietary supplements, vitamin and mineral products and energy drinks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cobalt (II) and chromium (III) and their combination on BJ cells. In the study, BJ cells were exposed to CoCl2 or CrCl3 at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1400 µM, and the cytotoxicity of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their mixtures was assessed by MTT reduction, LDH release and NRU assays. The outcome of this work reveals the cytotoxic effects of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their mixtures on BJ cells. In the cytotoxicity assays, at low concentrations of CoCl2 and CrCl3, stimulation of cell proliferation was observed. In higher concentrations, the cell viability decreased for the tested line in all the assays. During the simultaneous incubation of fibroblasts with 200 µM of CrCl3 and 1000 µM of CoCl2, antagonism was observed: chromium (III) at the concentration of 200 µM induced protection from cobalt (II) toxicity; in the case of interaction of chromium chloride at 1000 µm and cobalt chloride at 200 µM, the protective effect of CrCl3 on CoCl2 was not observed. In the latter case, synergism between these elements was noted. Our work indicates that cobalt (II) and chromium (III) show cytotoxic properties. These metals have a destructive effect on the cell membrane, lysosomes and mitochondria, which leads to disorders of cell metabolism.
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Hajikarimlou M, Hunt K, Kirby G, Takallou S, Jagadeesan SK, Omidi K, Hooshyar M, Burnside D, Moteshareie H, Babu M, Smith M, Holcik M, Samanfar B, Golshani A. Lithium Chloride Sensitivity in Yeast and Regulation of Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165730. [PMID: 32785068 PMCID: PMC7461102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, lithium chloride (LiCl) has been used as a treatment option for those living with bipolar disorder (BD). As a result, many studies have been conducted to examine its mode of action, toxicity, and downstream cellular responses. We know that LiCl is able to affect cell signaling and signaling transduction pathways through protein kinase C and glycogen synthase kinase-3, which are considered to be important in regulating gene expression at the translational level. However, additional downstream effects require further investigation, especially in translation pathway. In yeast, LiCl treatment affects the expression, and thus the activity, of PGM2, a phosphoglucomutase involved in sugar metabolism. Inhibition of PGM2 leads to the accumulation of intermediate metabolites of galactose metabolism causing cell toxicity. However, it is not fully understood how LiCl affects gene expression in this matter. In this study, we identified three genes, NAM7, PUS2, and RPL27B, which increase yeast LiCl sensitivity when deleted. We further demonstrate that NAM7, PUS2, and RPL27B influence translation and exert their activity through the 5′-Untranslated region (5′-UTR) of PGM2 mRNA in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hajikarimlou
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (M.H.); (K.H.); (G.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.J.); (K.O.); (M.H.); (D.B.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Kathryn Hunt
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (M.H.); (K.H.); (G.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.J.); (K.O.); (M.H.); (D.B.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Grace Kirby
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (M.H.); (K.H.); (G.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.J.); (K.O.); (M.H.); (D.B.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Sarah Takallou
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (M.H.); (K.H.); (G.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.J.); (K.O.); (M.H.); (D.B.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Sasi Kumar Jagadeesan
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (M.H.); (K.H.); (G.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.J.); (K.O.); (M.H.); (D.B.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Katayoun Omidi
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (M.H.); (K.H.); (G.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.J.); (K.O.); (M.H.); (D.B.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Mohsen Hooshyar
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (M.H.); (K.H.); (G.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.J.); (K.O.); (M.H.); (D.B.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Daniel Burnside
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (M.H.); (K.H.); (G.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.J.); (K.O.); (M.H.); (D.B.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Houman Moteshareie
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (M.H.); (K.H.); (G.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.J.); (K.O.); (M.H.); (D.B.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada;
| | - Myron Smith
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (M.H.); (K.H.); (G.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.J.); (K.O.); (M.H.); (D.B.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Martin Holcik
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Bahram Samanfar
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (M.H.); (K.H.); (G.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.J.); (K.O.); (M.H.); (D.B.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC), Ottawa, ON K1Y 4X2, Canada
| | - Ashkan Golshani
- Department of Biology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (M.H.); (K.H.); (G.K.); (S.T.); (S.K.J.); (K.O.); (M.H.); (D.B.); (H.M.); (M.S.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
The ability for cells to maintain homeostasis in the presence of extracellular stress is essential for their survival. Stress adaptations are especially important for microbial pathogens to respond to rapidly changing conditions, such as those encountered during the transition from the environment to the infected host. Many fungal pathogens have acquired the ability to quickly adapt to changes in extracellular pH to promote their survival in the various microenvironments encountered during a host infection. For example, the fungus-specific Rim/Pal alkaline response pathway has been well characterized in many fungal pathogens, including Cryptococcus neoformans However, alternative mechanisms for sensing and responding to host pH have yet to be extensively studied. Recent observations from a genetic screen suggest that the C. neoformans sterol homeostasis pathway is required for growth at elevated pH. This work explores interactions among mechanisms of membrane homeostasis, alkaline pH tolerance, and Rim pathway activation. We find that the sterol homeostasis pathway is necessary for growth in an alkaline environment and that an elevated pH is sufficient to induce Sre1 activation. This pH-mediated activation of the Sre1 transcription factor is linked to the biosynthesis of ergosterol but is not dependent on Rim pathway signaling, suggesting that these two pathways are responding to alkaline pH independently. Furthermore, we discover that C. neoformans is more susceptible to membrane-targeting antifungals under alkaline conditions, highlighting the impact of microenvironmental pH on the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Together, these findings further connect membrane integrity and composition with the fungal pH response and pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE The work described here further elucidates how microorganisms sense and adapt to changes in their environment to establish infections in the human host. Specifically, we uncover a novel mechanism by which an opportunistic human fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans, responds to increases in extracellular pH in order to survive and thrive within the relatively alkaline environment of the human lung. This mechanism, which is intimately linked with fungal membrane sterol homeostasis, is independent of the previously well-studied alkaline response Rim pathway. Furthermore, this ergosterol-dependent alkaline pH response is present in Candida albicans, indicating that this mechanism spans diverse fungal species. These results are also relevant for novel antimicrobial drug development as we show that currently used ergosterol-targeting antifungals are more active in alkaline environments.
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Roohvand F, Ehsani P, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Shokri M, Kossari N. Biomedical applications of yeasts - a patent view, part two: era of humanized yeasts and expanded applications. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:609-631. [PMID: 32529867 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1781816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Yeast humanization, ranging from a simple point mutation to substitution of yeast gene(s) or even a complete pathway by human counterparts has enormously expanded yeast biomedical applications. AREAS COVERED General and patent-oriented insights into the application of native and humanized yeasts for production of human glycoproteins (gps) and antibodies (Abs), toxicity/mutagenicity assays, treatments of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and potential drug delivery as a probiotic (with emphasis on Saccharomyces bulardii) and studies on human diseases/cancers and screening effective drugs. EXPERT OPINION Humanized yeasts cover the classical advantageous features of a 'microbial eukaryote' together with advanced human cellular processes. These unique characteristics would permit their use in the production of functional and stable therapeutic gps and Abs in lower prices compared to mammalian (CHO) production-based systems. Availability of yeasts humanized for cytochrome P450 s will expand their application in metabolism-related chemical toxicity assays. Engineered S. bulardii for expression of human proteins might expand its application by synergistically combining the probiotic activity with the treatment of metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria via GI-delivery. Yeast models of human diseases will facilitate rapid functional/phenotypic characterization of the disease-producing mutant genes and screening of the therapeutic compounds using yeast-based high-throughput research techniques (Yeast one/two hybrid systems) and viability assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Ehsani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Shokri
- ; Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Kossari
- ; Universite de Versailles, Service de ne 'phrologie-transplantation re'nale, Hopital Foch, 40 rue Worth, Suresnes , Paris, France
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