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Luo C, Zhang Q, Zheng S, Wang D, Huang W, Huang Y, Shi X, Xie H, Wu K. Visual toxicity in zebrafish larvae following exposure to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), and isopropyl phenyl diphenyl phosphate (IPPP). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175131. [PMID: 39127212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
TPhP and IPPP, alternatives to PBDEs as flame retardants, have been studied for their developmental toxicity, but their visual toxicities are less understood. In this study, zebrafish larvae were exploited to evaluate the potential ocular impairments following exposure to BDE-47, TPhP, and IPPP. The results revealed a range of ocular abnormalities, including malformation, vascular issues within the eyes, and histopathological changes in the retina. Notably, the visually mediated behavioral changes were primarily observed in IPPP and TPhP, indicating that they caused more severe eye malformations and vision impairment than BDE-47. Molecular docking and MD simulations showed stronger binding affinity of TPhP and IPPP to RAR and RBP receptors. Elevated ROS and T3 levels induced by these compounds led to apoptosis in larvae eyes, and increased GABA levels induced by TPhP and IPPP hindered retinal repair. In summary, our results indicate TPhP and IPPP exhibit severer visual toxicity than BDE-47, affecting eye development and visually guided behaviors. The underlying mechanism involves disruptions in RA signaling, retinal neurotransmitters imbalance, thyroid hormones up-regulation, and apoptosis in larvae eyes. This work highlights novel insights into the need for cautious use of these flame retardants due to their potential biological hazards, thereby offering valuable guidance for their safer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Dinghui Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Oefele M, Hau M, Ruuskanen S, Casagrande S. Mitochondrial function is enhanced by thyroid hormones during zebra finch development. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240417. [PMID: 39086825 PMCID: PMC11288688 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
An organism's response to its environment is largely determined by changes in the energy supplied by aerobic mitochondrial metabolism via adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. ATP is especially important under energy-demanding conditions, such as during rapid growth. It is currently poorly understood how environmental factors influence energy metabolism and mitochondrial functioning, but recent studies suggest the role of thyroid hormones (TH). TH are key regulators of growth and metabolism and can be flexibly adjusted to environmental conditions, such as environmental temperature or food availability. To test whether TH enhancement is causally linked to mitochondrial function and growth, we provided TH orally at physiological concentrations during the main growth phase in zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) nestlings reared in a challenging environment. TH treatment accelerated maximal mitochondrial working capacity-a trait that reflects mitochondrial ATP production, without affecting growth. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the regulation of mitochondria by TH during development in a semi-naturalistic context and to address implications for fitness-related traits, such as growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Oefele
- Evolutionary Physiology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, Seewiesen82319, Germany
| | - Michaela Hau
- Evolutionary Physiology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, Seewiesen82319, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, KonstanzD-78464, Germany
| | - Suvi Ruuskanen
- Environmental Physiology Research Group, University of Jyväskylä, Seminaarinkatu 15, University of Jyväskylä, JyväskyläFI-40014, Finland
| | - Stefania Casagrande
- Evolutionary Physiology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, Seewiesen82319, Germany
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3
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Ruswandi YAR, Lesmana R, Rosdianto AM, Gunadi JW, Goenawan H, Zulhendri F. Understanding the Roles of Selenium on Thyroid Hormone-Induced Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2419-2441. [PMID: 37758980 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) are known to regulate lipid metabolism. A lower amount of BAT compared to WAT, along with adipose tissue dysfunction, can result in obesity. Studies have shown that selenium supplementation protects against adipocyte dysfunction, decreases WAT triglycerides, and increases BAT triiodothyronine (T3). In this review, we discuss the relationship between selenium and lipid metabolism regulation through selenoprotein deiodinases and the role of deiodinases and thyroid hormones in the induction of adipose tissue thermogenesis. Upon 22 studies included in our review, we found that studies investigating the relationship between selenium and deiodinases demonstrated that selenium supplementation affects the iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (DIO2) protein and the expression of its associated gene, DIO2, proportionally. However, its effect on DIO1 is inconsistent while its effect on DIO3 activity is not detected. Studies have shown that the activity of deiodinases especially DIO2 protein and DIO2 gene expression is increased along with other browning markers upon white adipose tissue browning induction. Studies showed that thermogenesis is stimulated by the thyroid hormone T3 as its activity is correlated to the expression of other thermogenesis markers. A proposed mechanism of thermogenesis induction in selenium supplementation is by autophagy control. However, more studies are needed to establish the role of T3 and autophagy in adipose tissue thermogenesis, especially, since some studies have shown that thermogenesis can function even when T3 activity is lacking and studies related to autophagy in adipose tissue thermogenesis have contradictory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Anissa R Ruswandi
- Graduate School of Master Program in Anti-Aging and Aesthetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, KM.21, Hegarmanah, Kec. Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.
| | - Aziiz Mardanarian Rosdianto
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, KM.21, Hegarmanah, Kec. Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
- Veterinary Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Julia Windi Gunadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, KM.21, Hegarmanah, Kec. Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Felix Zulhendri
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
- Kebun Efi, Kabanjahe, 22171, North Sumatra, Indonesia
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Wu Y, Zhou H, Ci X, Lu J. Low T3 syndrome is associated with the severity of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease exacerbation. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1357633. [PMID: 38835837 PMCID: PMC11148359 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1357633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, (CNS) different from multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). While numerous studies have delved into the involvement of thyroid antibodies (ATAbs) and thyroid function in NMOSD and MS. The objective of this study is to explore the clinical significance of thyroid dysfunction and ATAbs abnormalities in adult patients with MOGAD. Methods 36 adult inpatients diagnosed with MOGAD and 47 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of low T3 syndrome. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and results of auxiliary examinations were compared across the subgroups. Moreover, an analysis was conducted to explore the correlations between thyroid hormone levels and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores. Results Thyroid dysfunction was notably more frequent in MOGAD patients than healthy controls (p < 0.0001), particularly low T3 syndrome (p=0.03). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that the low T3 syndrome group exhibited higher EDSS scores and a higher proportion of individuals with EDSS scores > 3, in comparison to the non-low T3 syndrome group (p = 0.014, p = 0.046). However, no significant differences were observed in demographic characteristics, annual relapse rates, clinical phenotypes, laboratory and MRI results, and EEG abnormalities between the two groups. Additional Spearman's analysis showed significantly negative correlations between the TT3 and FT3 levels with EDSS scores (r = -0.367, p = 0.028; r = -0.377, p = 0.024). Typical brain lesions and paralateral ventricle lesions were significantly rare in patients with positive ATAbs compared to those with negative ATAbs (p = 0.0001, p = 0.03), although the incidence of ATAbs abnormalities did not differ significantly between MOGAD patients and healthy controls. Conclusions Overall, this study confirmed thyroid dysfunction, especially low T3 syndrome, is frequent in adult MOGAD patients. Patients with low T3 syndrome exhibited elevated EDSS scores and a significantly higher incidence of unfavorable condition. additionally, the correlation analysis model manifests that FT3 and TT3 levels were negatively correlated with EDSS scores. These evidences indicate that low T3 syndrome is associated with the severity of MOGAD exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojiao Ci
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Gölz L, Pannetier P, Fagundes T, Knörr S, Behnstedt L, Coordes S, Matthiessen P, Morthorst J, Vergauwen L, Knapen D, Holbech H, Braunbeck T, Baumann L. Development of the integrated fish endocrine disruptor test-Part B: Implementation of thyroid-related endpoints. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:830-845. [PMID: 37578010 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the vital role of thyroid hormones (THs) in vertebrate development, it is essential to identify chemicals that interfere with the TH system. Whereas, among nonmammalian laboratory animals, fish are the most frequently utilized test species in endocrine disruptor research, for example, in guidelines for the detection of effects on the sex hormone system, there is no test guideline (TG) using fish as models for thyroid-related effects; rather, amphibians are used. Therefore, the objective of the present project was to integrate thyroid-related endpoints for fish into a test protocol combining OECD TGs 229 (Fish Short-Term Reproduction Assay) and 234 (Fish Sexual Development Test). The resulting integrated Fish Endocrine Disruption Test (iFEDT) was designed as a comprehensive approach to covering sexual differentiation, early development, and reproduction and to identifying disruption not only of the sexual and/or reproductive system but also the TH system. Two 85-day exposure tests were performed using different well-studied endocrine disruptors: 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Whereas the companion Part A of this study presents the findings on effects by PTU and EE2 on endpoints established in existing TGs, the present Part B discusses effects on novel thyroid-related endpoints such as TH levels, thyroid follicle histopathology, and eye development. 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil induced a massive proliferation of thyroid follicles in any life stage, and histopathological changes in the eyes proved to be highly sensitive for TH system disruption especially in younger life stages. For measurement of THs, further methodological development is required. 17-α-Ethinylestradiol demonstrated not only the well-known disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, but also induced effects on thyroid follicles in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to higher EE2 concentrations, suggesting crosstalk between endocrine axes. The novel iFEDT has thus proven capable of simultaneously capturing endocrine disruption of both the steroid and thyroid endocrine systems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:830-845. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gölz
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pauline Pannetier
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Site de Plouzané, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Plouzané, France
| | - Teresa Fagundes
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Knörr
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Behnstedt
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Coordes
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jane Morthorst
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Henrik Holbech
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Environmental Health & Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Katarzyńska-Banasik D, Kowalik K, Sechman A. Influence of silver nanoparticles on mRNA expression of thyroid hormone-related genes in the thyroid gland and liver of laying hens. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 86:106820. [PMID: 37918317 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2023.106820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products and animal husbandry raises the need to study their impact on living organisms. This study was conducted on Hy-Line Brown hens at the age of 25 weeks with an average weight of 1.58 kg. Hens for 2 weeks received a solution of 50 nm AgNPs at a concentration of 100 pm (experimental group; n = 6) or a solution in which the nanoparticles were suspended (control group; n = 6). Thyroid hormones (thyroxine - T4, triiodothyronine - T3) were evaluated in the blood plasma and expression profiles of genes involved in thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis (TSHR, NIS, TPO, TG), metabolism (DIO1, DIO2, DIO3) and transport (MCT8, MCT10, LAT1) were determined in the chicken thyroid gland. Furthermore, iodothyronine deiodinase, TH transporter and TH receptor (THRA, THRB) mRNA expressions were evaluated in the livers isolated from the same chickens. AgNPs did not affect serum T4 levels but elevated serum T3 concentration. The results showed that AgNPs increased DIO3 mRNA in the thyroid gland. In turn, in the liver AgNPs administration significantly upregulated DIO2 and downregulated MCT10 mRNA levels. These results indicate that exposure to AgNPs leads to a tissue-specific alternative expression of genes engaged in TH metabolism. Moreover, the mRNA expression of DIO2 in the liver showed a positive correlation with plasma T3 levels. In conclusion, AgNPs may have an impact on TH metabolism by affecting deiodinases and TH transporter MCT10 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Katarzyńska-Banasik
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland.
| | - K Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Sechman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
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Wang T, Wu S, Chen J, Li L, Cao J. Sesamin alleviated fluoride - induced thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023:106625. [PMID: 37407302 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that fluoride could induce the damage of thyroid. However, the effects of sesamin on thyroid endocrine function in zebrafish exposed to fluoride have not been clarified. This study was designed to investigate the alleviating effects of sesamin on thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish induced by fluoride. The results showed that sesamin significantly improved growth performance in adults exposed to fluoride; decreased significantly the mortality rate, increased remarkably the hatching rate and body length, and alleviated the phenomenon of spinal curvature, yolk cyst and pericardial cyst to varying degrees in fluoride-exposed embryos and larvae. Sesamin alleviated remarkably the damage of thyroid tissues in fluoride-exposed adults. Moreover, sesamin obviously reduced oxidative stress and improved the imbalance of thyroid hormones in fluoride-exposed adults or larvae. In addition, sesamin reversed the expression of endocrine-related genes of thyroid in fluoride-exposed adults or larvae. This indicates that sesamin can affects the thyroid tissue structure, hormone levels, and the expression of endocrine-related genes of thyroid, thus alleviating the thyroid endocrine disorder induced by fluoride and improving the growth and development. This study also demonstrates that sesamin can be a promising novel treatment for thyroid endocrine disorder caused by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Lijuan Li
- College of Food and Environment, Jinzhong College of Information, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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Pannetier P, Poulsen R, Gölz L, Coordes S, Stegeman H, Koegst J, Reger L, Braunbeck T, Hansen M, Baumann L. Reversibility of Thyroid Hormone System-Disrupting Effects on Eye and Thyroid Follicle Development in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1276-1292. [PMID: 36920003 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Early vertebrate development is partially regulated by thyroid hormones (THs). Environmental pollutants that interact with the TH system (TH system-disrupting chemicals [THSDCs]) can have massively disrupting effects on this essential phase. Eye development of fish is directly regulated by THs and can, therefore, be used as a thyroid-related endpoint in endocrine disruptor testing. To evaluate the effects of THSDC-induced eye malformations during early development, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed for 5 days postfertilization (dpf) to either propylthiouracil, a TH synthesis inhibitor, or tetrabromobisphenol A, which interacts with TH receptors. Subsequently, one half of the embryos were exposed further to the THSDCs until 8 dpf, while the other half of the embryos were raised in clean water for 3 days to check for reversibility of effects. Continued THSDC exposure altered eye size and pigmentation and induced changes in the cellular structure of the retina. This correlated with morphological alterations of thyroid follicles as revealed by use of a transgenic zebrafish line. Interestingly, effects were partly reversible after a recovery period as short as 3 days. Results are consistent with changes in TH levels measured in different tissues of the embryos, for example, in the eyes. The results show that eye development in zebrafish embryos is very sensitive to THSDC treatment but able to recover quickly from early exposure by effective repair mechanisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1276-1292. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Pannetier
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rikke Poulsen
- Environmental Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisa Gölz
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Coordes
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Stegeman
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Koegst
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Reger
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hansen
- Environmental Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology & Toxicology, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section on Environmental Health & Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Gao Y, Yang P, Zhu J. Particle size-dependent effects of silver nanoparticles on swim bladder damage in zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114363. [PMID: 36508826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Particle size-dependent biological effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of great interest; however, the mechanism of action of silver ions (Ag+) released from AgNPs concerning AgNP particle size remains unclear. Thus, we evaluated the influence of particle size (20, 40, 60, and 80 nm) on the acute 96-h bioaccumulation and toxicity (swim bladder damage) of AgNPs in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae, with a focus on the mechanism of action of Ag+ released from differently sized AgNPs. The 40- and 60-nm AgNPs were more toxic than the 20- and 80-nm versions in terms of inflammation and oxidative damage to the swim bladder, as indicated by inhibition of type 2 iodothyroxine deiodinase enzyme activity, mitochondrial injury, and reduced 30-50% adenosine triphosphate content. Furthermore, up-regulation and down-regulation of swim bladder development-related gene expression was not observed for pbx1a and anxa5, but up-regulation expression of shha and ihha was observed with no statistical significance. That 20-nm AgNPs were less toxic was attributed to their rapid elimination from larvae in comparison with the elimination of 40-, 60-, and 80-nm AgNPs; thus, less Ag+ was released in 20-nm AgNP-exposed larvae. Failed inflation of swim bladders was affected by released Ag+ rather than AgNPs themselves. Overall, we reveal the toxicity contribution of Ag+ underlying the observed size-dependent effects of AgNPs and provide a scientific basis for comprehensively assessing the ecological risk and biosafety of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Gao
- College of Ecology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Shuren University), Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- College of Grain, Jilin Business and Technology College, Jilin 130507, PR China
| | - Jingxue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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10
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Gölz L, Baumann L, Pannetier P, Braunbeck T, Knapen D, Vergauwen L. AOP Report: Thyroperoxidase Inhibition Leading to Altered Visual Function in Fish Via Altered Retinal Layer Structure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2632-2648. [PMID: 35942927 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are involved in the regulation of many important physiological and developmental processes, including vertebrate eye development. Thyroid hormone system-disrupting chemicals (THSDCs) may have severe consequences, because proper functioning of the visual system is a key factor for survival in wildlife. However, the sequence of events leading from TH system disruption (THSD) to altered eye development in fish has not yet been fully described. The development of this adverse outcome pathway (AOP) was based on an intensive literature review of studies that focused on THSD and impacts on eye development, mainly in fish. In total, approximately 120 studies (up to the end of 2021) were used in the development of this AOP linking inhibition of the key enzyme for TH synthesis, thyroperoxidase (TPO), to effects on retinal layer structure and visual function in fish (AOP-Wiki, AOP 363). In a weight-of-evidence evaluation, the confidence levels were overall moderate, with ample studies showing the link between reduced TH levels and altered retinal layer structure. However, some uncertainties about the underlying mechanism(s) remain. Although the current weight-of-evidence evaluation is based on fish, the AOP is plausibly applicable to other vertebrate classes. Through the re-use of several building blocks, this AOP is connected to the AOPs leading from TPO and deiodinase inhibition to impaired swim bladder inflation in fish (AOPs 155-159), together forming an AOP network describing THSD in fish. This AOP network addresses the lack of thyroid-related endpoints in existing fish test guidelines for the evaluation of THSDCs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2632-2648. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gölz
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Research Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Research Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pauline Pannetier
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Research Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Research Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Hsu B, Pakanen V, Boner W, Doligez B, Eeva T, Groothuis TGG, Korpimäki E, Laaksonen T, Lelono A, Monaghan P, Sarraude T, Thomson RL, Tolvanen J, Tschirren B, Vásquez RA, Ruuskanen S. Maternally transferred thyroid hormones and life-history variation in birds. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:1489-1506. [PMID: 35470435 PMCID: PMC9546341 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, thyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in the regulation of growth, development, metabolism, photoperiodic responses and migration. Maternally transferred THs are important for normal early phase embryonic development when embryos are not able to produce endogenous THs. Previous studies have shown that variation in maternal THs within the physiological range can influence offspring phenotype. Given the essential functions of maternal THs in development and metabolism, THs may be a mediator of life-history variation across species. We tested the hypothesis that differences in life histories are associated with differences in maternal TH transfer across species. Using birds as a model, we specifically tested whether maternally transferred yolk THs covary with migratory status, developmental mode and traits related to pace-of-life (e.g. basal metabolic rate, maximum life span). We collected un-incubated eggs (n = 1-21 eggs per species, median = 7) from 34 wild and captive bird species across 17 families and six orders to measure yolk THs [both triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)], compiled life-history trait data from the literature and used Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models to test our hypotheses. Our models indicated that both concentrations and total amounts of the two main forms of THs (T3 and T4) were higher in the eggs of migratory species compared to resident species, and total amounts were higher in the eggs of precocial species, which have longer prenatal developmental periods, than in those of altricial species. However, maternal yolk THs did not show clear associations with pace-of-life-related traits, such as fecundity, basal metabolic rate or maximum life span. We quantified interspecific variation in maternal yolk THs in birds, and our findings suggest higher maternal TH transfer is associated with the precocial mode of development and migratory status. Whether maternal THs represent a part of the mechanism underlying the evolution of precocial development and migration or a consequence of such life histories is currently unclear. We therefore encourage further studies to explore the physiological mechanisms and evolutionary processes underlying these patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin‐Yan Hsu
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Veli‐Matti Pakanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Winnie Boner
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Healthy and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Blandine Doligez
- Department of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology, CNRS UMR 5558Université de Lyon 1VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Ton G. G. Groothuis
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Asmoro Lelono
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Biology Department, Natural Sciences and Mathematics FacultyJember University of IndonesiaJemberIndonesia
| | - Pat Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Healthy and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Tom Sarraude
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Robert L. Thomson
- Fitzpatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST‐NRF Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Jere Tolvanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | | | - Rodrigo A. Vásquez
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Suvi Ruuskanen
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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12
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Kowalik K, Sechman A. In vitro effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and their hydroxylated metabolites on the synthesis and metabolism of iodothyronines in the chicken (Gallus domesticus) thyroid gland. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 318:113989. [PMID: 35151725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To assess the effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) on thyroid hormone [TH: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)] secretion, the concentrations of iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO1, DIO2, DIO3), and mRNA expression of genes involved in TH synthesis (TSHR, NIS, TPO, TG), metabolism (DIO1, DIO2, DIO3), and transport (OATP1C1, MCT8, MCT10, LAT1), chicken thyroid explants were incubated in medium supplemented with TSH (250 mU/ml), PCB118, PCB153, 4-OH-PCB107, and 3-OH-PCB153 (0.5 × 10-8 M), and TSH together with each PCB and OH-PCB. The results of the in vitro experiment revealed that, except for 4-OH-PCB107, all applied PCBs and OH-PCBs inhibited basal and TSH-stimulated T4 secretion. Moreover, they increased basal and reduced TSH-stimulated T3 secretion. PCBs and OH-PCBs decreased the TSH-stimulated TSHR expression. Following PCB and OH-PCB exposure, significant changes in mRNA expression of NIS, TPO, and TG were observed. PCBs and OH-PCBs affected DIO1 and DIO3 transcript levels and protein abundances of each DIO. Furthermore, PCB-dependent effects on OATP1C1, MCT8, and MCT10 mRNA expression were found. In conclusion, both PCB118 and PCB153 and their OH-PCBs affect TH synthesis and deiodination processes in the chicken thyroid gland and influence TH transport across the thyrocyte membrane. In addition, the effects of PCBs and OH-PCBs depended mainly on the type of PCB congener and the exposure time. These results indicate that not only parental PCBs but also OH-PCBs are hazardous for the thyroid gland and may disrupt its endocrine function. Further studies are necessary to explain a mechanism of PCB and OH-PCB action in the avian thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Sechman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Effect of Preeclampsia on Ultrastructure of Thyroid Gland, Hepatic Type 1 Iodothyronine Deiodinase, and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6681491. [PMID: 34195279 PMCID: PMC8183104 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6681491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Although hypothyroidism during pregnancy may develop grave outcomes for both mothers and offspring, management of which is still a challenge due to the insufficient understanding of this disease. The close correlation between hypothyroidism and preeclampsia is well documented, suggesting that preeclampsia is a potential risk factor for the development of maternal hypothyroidism. However, the exact role of preeclampsia in gestational hypothyroidism is still obscure. Objective In this study, we explored the possible mechanisms of the effect of preeclampsia on thyroid function of maternal rats. Methods Thirty pregnant rats were randomly divided into normal pregnancy control (NOP), preeclampsia (PE), and preeclampsia supplemented with amlodipine besylate (PEAml). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester was used to induce preeclamptic symptoms. On gestational day 21, rats were sacrificed, and then, the ultrastructure of the thyroid gland, type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio1) expression, and serum-free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid stimulation hormones (TSH) were assessed. Results Compared to NOP rats, results of PE rats showed that thyroid follicular cells' ultrastructure was damaged; both hepatic Dio1 mRNA and protein levels were decreased. Interestingly, these changes were ameliorated in PEAml rats. Additionally, FT4, FT3, and TSH levels have no significant differences among groups. Conclusion These findings indicated that preeclampsia could disrupt synthesis, secretion, and metabolism function of thyroid hormones by damaging thyroid follicular cells and interfering Dio1 expression.
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Gene clusters related to metamorphosis in Solea senegalensis are highly conserved. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 35:100706. [PMID: 32645591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The flatfish, Solea senegalensis has considerable scientific interest and commercial value. The metamorphosis in this species occurs between 12 and 19 days after hatching and it takes about 1 week to complete. Eleven Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC) clones containing the various candidate genes involved in the process of metamorphosis: thyroxine 5 deiodinase 3 (dio3); forkhead box protein E4 (foxe4); melatonin receptor type 1C (mel1c); calsequestrin 1b (casq1b); thyrotropin subunit beta (tshβ); thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1, 2, and 3 (trhr1, trhr2, trhr3); thyroid hormone receptor α a and b (thrαa, thrαb); and thyroid hormone receptor beta (thrβ) were analyzed by multiple Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (mFISH) and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques. The mFISH technique localized the 11 BAC clones on 12 different chromosome pairs because three of them, specifically the trhr1a, trhr2 and thrβ BAC clones, showed double signals. This signal duplication indicates a duplication of the genomic region inserted within the BAC clone, which provides evidence for the Teleost-Specific Whole Genome Duplication (TS-WGD). Micro-synteny and phylogenetic analysis showed that Cynoglossus semilaevis is the nearest species to S. senegalensis and that Danio rerio is the most distant one. The tshβ BAC clone was highly conserved as the genes belonging to this BAC were located on a single chromosome in all the species studied. These genes participate in proliferation, migration and cell-death, which are key processes during metamorphosis. Overall, micro-synteny analysis showed that most candidate genes are found in conserved genomic surroundings.
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Gothié J, Vancamp P, Demeneix B, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone regulation of neural stem cell fate: From development to ageing. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13316. [PMID: 31121082 PMCID: PMC9286394 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the vertebrate brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) generate both neuronal and glial cells throughout life. However, their neuro‐ and gliogenic capacity changes as a function of the developmental context. Despite the growing body of evidence on the variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating NSC physiology, their precise cellular and molecular actions are not fully determined. Our review focuses on thyroid hormone (TH), a vital component for both development and adult brain function that regulates NSC biology at all stages. First, we review comparative data to analyse how TH modulates neuro‐ and gliogenesis during vertebrate brain development. Second, as the mammalian brain is the most studied, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying TH action in this context. Lastly, we explore how the interplay between TH signalling and cell metabolism governs both neurodevelopmental and adult neurogenesis. We conclude that, together, TH and cellular metabolism regulate optimal brain formation, maturation and function from early foetal life to adult in vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐David Gothié
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute & Hospital, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- CNRS UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
| | | | - Sylvie Remaud
- CNRS UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
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Vancamp P, Demeneix BA, Remaud S. Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 Deficiency: Delayed or Permanent Hypomyelination? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:283. [PMID: 32477268 PMCID: PMC7237703 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency or the Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome (AHDS) is an X-linked psychomotor disability syndrome with around 320 clinical cases described worldwide. SLC16A2 gene mutations, encoding the thyroid hormone (TH) transporter MCT8, result in intellectual disability due to impaired TH uptake in the developing brain. MCT8 deficiency is a multi-organ affecting disease with a predominant neuronal cell-based pathology, with the glial component inadequately investigated. However, deficiency in myelin, a key component of white matter (WM) enabling fast nerve conduction, is a TH-dependent hallmark of the disease. Nevertheless, analysis of the myelin status in AHDS patients has led to conflicting interpretations. The majority of individual case studies reported delayed myelination, that was restored later in life. In contrast, post-mortem studies and high-resolution MRIs detected WM (micro-) abnormalities throughout adolescence, suggesting permanent hypomyelination. Thus, interpretations vary depending on methodology to investigate WM microstructure. Further, it is unknown whether the mutation within the MCT8 is linked to the severity of the myelin deficiency. Consequently, terminology is inconsistent among reports, and AHDS is occasionally misdiagnosed as another WM disorder. The evolutionary conserved TH signaling pathway that promotes the generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes enabled deciphering how the lack of MCT8 might affect myelinogenesis. Linking patient findings on myelination to those obtained from models of MCT8 deficiency revealed underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, but knowledge gaps remain, notably how myelination progresses both spatially and temporally in MCT8 deficiency. This limits predicting how myelin integrity might benefit therapeutically, and when to initiate. A recurrent observation in clinical trials is the absence of neurological improvement. Testing MCT8-independent thyromimetics in models, and evaluating treatments used in other demyelinating diseases, despite different etiologies, is crucial to propose new therapeutic strategies combatting this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vancamp
- UMR 7221 Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, Centre National de le Recherche Scientifique-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- UMR 7221 Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, Centre National de le Recherche Scientifique-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- UMR 7221 Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, Centre National de le Recherche Scientifique-Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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17
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AlRasheed MM, AlAnzi A, AlShalhoub R, Abanmy N, Bakheet D. A study of the role of DIO1 and DIO2 polymorphism in thyroid cancer and drug response to therapy in the Saudi population. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:841-845. [PMID: 31516326 PMCID: PMC6734157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deiodinases comprise a group of selenoproteins that regulate the bioavailability of active thyroid hormones (TH) in a time and tissue specific fashion. They increase the hormonal activity by metabolizing their inactive precursors to active forms or terminate their activity by deactivating active hormones. The role of the deiodinase (DIO) gene polymorphisms in thyroid cancer is not fully understood yet. This study evaluated the potential association of the DIO1 and DIO2 genes with differentiated thyroid cancer and differential thyroxine dose requirement in thyroidectomized patients in a Saudi cohort. Methods We selected four variants (one DIO1 and three DIO2) for the association studies using Taqman assays in 507 DTC patients undergoing treatment with thyroxin against 560 disease-free individual, all of Saudi Arab origin. Results None of the studied variants was linked to differentiated thyroid cancer. The rs1388378_G > T was initially linked to thyroxine dose requirement (p = 0.035) when all patients were considered together, but this association was lost when the patients were classified into either near suppressed (0.1 ≤ TSH < 0.5) or suppressed (TSH < 0.1) TSH group. Discussion Although the results suggest only a weak relationship with differentiated thyroid cancer, they strongly indicate that the DIO2 polymorphism influences the hormonal dose requirement in patients undergoing treatment with thyroxine. This probably points to a distinction in the way this gene influences disease as compared to therapy thereof.
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Key Words
- D (1, 2), deiodinase (1,2) protein
- DIO (1,2,3), deiodinase (1,2,3) gene
- Deiodinase 1
- Deiodinase 2 thyroxine therapy
- Differentiated thyroid cancer
- FT4, free thyroxin
- T3, triiodothyronine
- T4, tetraiodothyronine
- TH, thyroid hormone
- TSHβ, thyroid-stimulating homorne-β
- UDP, uridine phosphorylase
- UGT1A, UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A
- WSB-1, WB repeat and SOCs box-containing
- rs1388378
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M AlRasheed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwaq AlAnzi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan AlShalhoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Abanmy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Bakheet
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Köhrle J. The Colorful Diversity of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites. Eur Thyroid J 2019; 8:115-129. [PMID: 31259154 PMCID: PMC6587369 DOI: 10.1159/000497141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of L-thyroxine, the main secretory product of the thyroid gland, and its major metabolite T3, which exerts the majority of thyroid hormone action via ligand-dependent modulation of the function of T3 receptors in nuclei, mitochondria, and other subcellular compartments, various other T4-derived endogenous metabolites have been identified in blood and tissues of humans, animals, and early protochordates. This review addresses major historical milestones and experimental findings resulting in the discovery of the key enzymes of thyroid hormone metabolism, the three selenoprotein deiodinases, as well as the decarboxylases and amine oxidases involved in formation and degradation of recently identified endogenous thyroid hormone metabolites, i.e. 3-iodothyronamine and 3-thyroacetic acid. The concerted action of deiodinases 2 and 3 in regulation of local T3 availability is discussed. Special attention is given to the role of the thyromimetic "hot" metabolite 3,5-T2 and the "cool" 3-iodothyronamine, especially after administration of pharmacological doses of these endogenous thyroid hormone metabolites in various animal experimental models. In addition, available information on the biological roles of the two major acetic acid derivatives of thyroid hormones, i.e. Tetrac and Triac, as well as sulfated metabolites of thyroid hormones is reviewed. This review addresses the consequences of the existence of this broad spectrum of endogenous thyroid hormone metabolites, the "thyronome," beyond the classical thyroid hormone profile comprising T4, T3, and rT3 for appropriate analytical coverage and clinical diagnostics using mass spectrometry versus immunoassays for determination of total and free concentrations of thyroid hormone metabolites in blood and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Dong J, Cong Z, You M, Fu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Fu H, Wei L, Chen J. Effects of perinatal di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure on thyroid function in rat offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 67:53-60. [PMID: 30716676 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer in industry and displays the characteristics of an endocrine disruptor. Disorders of the maternal thyroid hormone (TH) during pregnancy can cause adverse effects on the fetus. We investigated the effects and possible mechanism of perinatal DEHP exposure on the thyroid function of pups. Pregnant female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups and received doses of DEHP of 0, 30, 300, 750 mg/kg/day by gavage at from gestational day (GD) 0 to postnatal day (PN) 21. The concentration of serum THs and the ultrastructure of thyroid follicular cells in the offspring were examined. Related protein level and gene expression of thyroid proteins in pups were analyzed by western blotting and real-time PCR. We found that DEHP significantly reduced total thyroxine (TT4) and increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in pups, while total triiodothyronine (TT3) showed no change. Thyroid follicular cells ultrastructure was damaged in DEHP exposed pups as viewed by electron microscopy. Furthermore, exposure to DEHP significantly increased protein and mRNA levels of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), paired box 8 (PAX8), sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in pups. In addition, levels of deiodinases of pups were also affected. These findings indicated that DEHP can disrupt thyroid function by damaging thyroid follicles and affecting TTF-1, PAX8, NIS, TPO and the deiodinase protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangzhao Cong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdan You
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Baumann L, Segner H, Ros A, Knapen D, Vergauwen L. Thyroid Hormone Disruptors Interfere with Molecular Pathways of Eye Development and Function in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1543. [PMID: 30934780 PMCID: PMC6479403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals (THDCs) on eye development of zebrafish were investigated. We expected THDC exposure to cause transcriptional changes of vision-related genes, which find their phenotypic anchoring in eye malformations and dysfunction, as observed in our previous studies. Zebrafish were exposed from 0 to 5 days post fertilization (dpf) to either propylthiouracil (PTU), a thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor, or tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), which interacts with thyroid hormone receptors. Full genome microarray analyses of RNA isolated from eye tissue revealed that the number of affected transcripts was substantially higher in PTU- than in TBBPA-treated larvae. However, multiple components of phototransduction (e.g., phosphodiesterase, opsins) were responsive to both THDC exposures. Yet, the response pattern for the gene ontology (GO)-class "sensory perception" differed between treatments, with over 90% down-regulation in PTU-exposed fish, compared to over 80% up-regulation in TBBPA-exposed fish. Additionally, the reversibility of effects after recovery in clean water for three days was investigated. Transcriptional patterns in the eyes were still altered and partly overlapped between 5 and 8 dpf, showing that no full recovery occurred within the time period investigated. However, pathways involved in repair mechanisms were significantly upregulated, which indicates activation of regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Baumann
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Helmut Segner
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Albert Ros
- Fischereiforschungsstelle LAZBW, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany.
| | - Dries Knapen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2160 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2160 Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Biology, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Ortiz-Delgado JB, Funes V, Sarasquete C. The organophosphate pesticide -OP- malathion inducing thyroidal disruptions and failures in the metamorphosis of the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:57. [PMID: 30744622 PMCID: PMC6371575 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organophosphate pesticides-OP-, like malathion, can alter the normal functioning of neuro-endocrine systems (e.g., hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid-HPT- axis), and to interfere on the thyroidal homeostasis. Through direct interactions with thyroid receptors, an/or indirectly via up-stream signalling pathways, from the HPT axis (i.e., negative feedback regulation), malathion possess the ability to affect integrity of thyroidal follicular tissue, and it can also block or delay its hormonal functioning. This insecticide can alter the majority of the ontogenetic processes, inducing several deformities, and also provoking decreases in the growth and survival patterns. The present study has been performed to determine the sublethal effects of malathion during the first month of life of the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, and it is mainly focused on the metamorphosis phase. Different transcript expression levels (i.e. thyroid receptors, matrix and bone -Gla-proteins) and immunohistochemical patterns (i.e. thyroid hormones, osteocalcin, cell proliferation) have been analysed during the most critical phases of the flatfish metamorphosis, that is, through differentiation of thyroid system and skeletal development, migration of the eye, and further adaptation to benthic behaviours. Results In early life stages of the Senegalese sole, the exposure to the highest concentration of malathion (6.25 μg/L) affected to the growth patterns, showing the exposed individuals, a reduction around 60 and 92% of the total length and the dry weigth, respectively. In paralell, a significant reduction of the thyroid follicles (i.e., size and number) it was also been recorded, in a dose-dependent way. Abnormal phenotypes induced in the exposed larvae, did not complete the process of metamorphosis, and displayed several morphological abnormalities and developmental disorders, which were mainly associated with the eye migration process, and with thyroidal and skeletal disorders (i.e., transcriptional and protein changes of thyroid hormones and receptors, and of matrix and bone Gla proteins distribution), that conduced to an inadequate adaptation to the benthic life. Conclusions In the Senegalese sole, the majority of the ontogenetic alterations induced by the exposure to malathion were mainly associated to the metamorphosis period, which is a thyroid-driven proccess. In fact, most crucial and transitional ontogenic events, appeared notably disturbed, for e.g., thyroid gland differentiation and functioning, migration of eye, skeletal development and benthonic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN, CSIC Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Victoria Funes
- IFAPA, Centro el Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro de Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN, CSIC Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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22
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Rabah SA, Gowan IL, Pagnin M, Osman N, Richardson SJ. Thyroid Hormone Distributor Proteins During Development in Vertebrates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:506. [PMID: 31440205 PMCID: PMC6694296 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are ancient hormones that not only influence the growth, development and metabolism of vertebrates but also affect the metabolism of (at least some) bacteria. Synthesized in the thyroid gland (or follicular cells in fish not having a discrete thyroid gland), THs can act on target cells by genomic or non-genomic mechanisms. Either way, THs need to get from their site of synthesis to their target cells throughout the body. Despite being amphipathic in structure, THs are lipophilic and hence do not freely diffuse in the aqueous environments of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (in contrast to hydrophilic hormones). TH Distributor Proteins (THDPs) have evolved to enable the efficient distribution of THs in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. In humans, the THDPs are albumin, transthyretin (TTR), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). These three proteins have distinct patterns of regulation in both ontogeny and phylogeny. During development, an additional THDP with higher affinity than those in the adult, is present during the stage of peak TH concentrations in blood. Although TTR is the only THDP synthesized in the central nervous system (CNS), all THDPs from blood are present in the CSF (for each species). However, the ratio of albumin to TTR differs in the CSF compared to the blood. Humans lacking albumin or TBG have been reported and can be asymptomatic, however a human lacking TTR has not been documented. Conversely, there are many diseases either caused by TTR or that have altered levels of TTR in the blood or CSF associated with them. The first world-wide RNAi therapy has just been approved for TTR amyloidosis.
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Eldred KC, Hadyniak SE, Hussey KA, Brenerman B, Zhang PW, Chamling X, Sluch VM, Welsbie DS, Hattar S, Taylor J, Wahlin K, Zack DJ, Johnston RJ. Thyroid hormone signaling specifies cone subtypes in human retinal organoids. Science 2018; 362:362/6411/eaau6348. [PMID: 30309916 PMCID: PMC6249681 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau6348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cone photoreceptors in the human retina enable daytime, color, and high-acuity vision. The three subtypes of human cones are defined by the visual pigment that they express: blue-opsin (short wavelength; S), green-opsin (medium wavelength; M), or red-opsin (long wavelength; L). Mutations that affect opsin expression or function cause various forms of color blindness and retinal degeneration. RATIONALE: Our current understanding of the vertebrate eye has been derived primarily from the study of model organisms. We studied the human retina to understand the developmental mechanisms that generate the mosaic of mutually exclusive cone subtypes. Specification of human cones occurs in a two-step process. First, a decision occurs between S versus L/M cone fates. If the L/M fate is chosen, a subsequent choice is made between expression of L- or M-opsin. To determine the mechanism that controls the first decision between S and L/M cone fates, we studied human retinal organoids derived from stem cells. RESULTS: We found that human organoids and retinas have similar distributions, gene expression profiles, and morphologies of cone subtypes. During development, S cones are specified first, followed by L/M cones. This temporal switch from specification of S cones to generation of L/M cones is controlled by thyroid hormone (TH) signaling. In retinal organoids that lacked thyroid hormone receptor β (Thrβ), all cones developed into the S subtype. Thrβ binds with high affinity to triiodothyronine (T3), the more active form of TH, to regulate gene expression. We observed that addition of T3 early during development induced L/M fate in nearly all cones. Thus, TH signaling through Thrβ is necessary and sufficient to induce L/M cone fate and suppress S fate. TH exists largely in two states: thyroxine (T4), the most abundant circulating form of TH, and T3, which binds TH receptors with high affinity. We hypothesized that the retina itself could modulate TH levels to control subtype fates. We found that deiodinase 3 (DIO3), an enzyme that degrades both T3 and T4, was expressed early in organoid and retina development. Conversely, deiodinase 2 (DIO2), an enzyme that converts T4 to active T3, as well as TH carriers and transporters, were expressed later in development. Temporally dynamic expression of TH-degrading and -activating proteins supports a model in which the retina itself controls TH levels, ensuring low TH signaling early to specify S cones and high TH signaling later in development to produce L/M cones. CONCLUSION: Studies of model organisms and human epidemiology often generate hypotheses about human biology that cannot be studied in humans. Organoids provide a system to determine the mechanisms of human development, enabling direct testing of hypotheses in developing human tissue. Our studies identify temporal regulation of TH signaling as a mechanism that controls cone subtype specification in humans. Consistent with our findings, preterm human infants with low T3 and T4 have an increased incidence of color vision defects. Moreover, our identification of a mechanism that generates one cone subtype while suppressing the other, coupled with successful transplantation and incorporation of stem cell-derived photoreceptors in mice, suggests that the promise of therapies to treat human diseases such as color blindness, retinitis pigmentosa, and macular degeneration will be achieved in the near future. ■ The mechanisms underlying specification of neuronal subtypes within the human nervous system are largely unknown. The blue (S), green (M), and red (L) cones of the retina enable high-acuity daytime and color vision. To determine the mechanism that controls S versus L/M fates, we studied the differentiation of human retinal organoids. Organoids and retinas have similar distributions, expression profiles, and morphologies of cone subtypes. S cones are specified first, followed by L/M cones, and thyroid hormone signaling controls this temporal switch. Dynamic expression of thyroid hormone–degrading and –activating proteins within the retina ensures low signaling early to specify S cones and high signaling late to produce L/M cones. This work establishes organoids as a model for determining mechanisms of human development with promising utility for therapeutics and vision repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara C Eldred
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sarah E Hadyniak
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Katarzyna A Hussey
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Boris Brenerman
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ping-Wu Zhang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xitiz Chamling
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Valentin M Sluch
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Derek S Welsbie
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Samer Hattar
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Taylor
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Karl Wahlin
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Donald J Zack
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Robert J Johnston
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Vergauwen L, Cavallin JE, Ankley GT, Bars C, Gabriëls IJ, Michiels EDG, Fitzpatrick KR, Periz-Stanacev J, Randolph EC, Robinson SL, Saari TW, Schroeder AL, Stinckens E, Swintek J, Van Cruchten SJ, Verbueken E, Villeneuve DL, Knapen D. Gene transcription ontogeny of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis development in early-life stage fathead minnow and zebrafish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 266:87-100. [PMID: 29733815 PMCID: PMC6540109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is known to play a crucial role in the development of teleost fish. However, knowledge of endogenous transcription profiles of thyroid-related genes in developing teleosts remains fragmented. We selected two model teleost species, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio), to compare the gene transcription ontogeny of the HPT axis. Control organisms were sampled at several time points during embryonic and larval development until 33 days post-fertilization. Total RNA was extracted from pooled, whole fish, and thyroid-related mRNA expression was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gene transcripts examined included: thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (trhr), thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (tshr), sodium-iodide symporter (nis), thyroid peroxidase (tpo), thyroglobulin (tg), transthyretin (ttr), deiodinases 1, 2, 3a, and 3b (dio1, dio2, dio3a and 3b), and thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta (thrα and β). A loess regression method was successful in identifying maxima and minima of transcriptional expression during early development of both species. Overall, we observed great similarities between the species, including maternal transfer, at least to some extent, of almost all transcripts (confirmed in unfertilized eggs), increasing expression of most transcripts during hatching and embryo-larval transition, and indications of a fully functional HPT axis in larvae. These data will aid in the development of hypotheses on the role of certain genes and pathways during development. Furthermore, this provides a background reference dataset for designing and interpreting targeted transcriptional expression studies both for fundamental research and for applications such as toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vergauwen
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Dept. Biology, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jenna E Cavallin
- Badger Technical Services, US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Chloé Bars
- University of Antwerp, Applied Veterinary Morphology, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle J Gabriëls
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Ellen D G Michiels
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Krysta R Fitzpatrick
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Jelena Periz-Stanacev
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Eric C Randolph
- ORISE Research Participation Program, US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | | | - Travis W Saari
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Anthony L Schroeder
- University of Minnesota-Crookston, Math, Science, and Technology Department, 2900 University Ave., Crookston, MN 56716, USA.
| | - Evelyn Stinckens
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Joe Swintek
- Badger Technical Services, US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Steven J Van Cruchten
- University of Antwerp, Applied Veterinary Morphology, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Evy Verbueken
- University of Antwerp, Applied Veterinary Morphology, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Dries Knapen
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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25
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Sarasquete C, Úbeda-Manzanaro M, Ortiz-Delgado JB. Toxicity and non-harmful effects of the soya isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, in embryos of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 211:57-67. [PMID: 29870789 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Based on the assumed oestrogenic and apoptotic properties of soya isoflavones (genistein, daidzein), and following the current OECD test-guidelines and principle of 3Rs, we have studied the potential toxicity of phytochemicals on the zebrafish embryos test (ZFET). For this purpose, zebrafish embryos at 2-3 h post-fertilisation (hpf) were exposed to both soya isoflavones (from 1.25 mg/L to 20 mg/L) and assayed until 96 hpf. Lethal and sub-lethal endpoints (mortality, hatching rates and malformations) were estimated in the ZFET, which was expanded to potential gene expression markers, determining the lowest observed effect (and transcriptional) concentrations (LOEC, LOTEC), and the no-observable effect (and transcriptional) concentrations (NOEC, NOTEC). The results revealed that genistein is more toxic (LC50-96 hpf: 4.41 mg/L) than daidzein (over 65.15 mg/L). Both isoflavones up-regulated the oestrogen (esrrb) and death receptors (fas) and cyp1a transcript levels. Most thyroid transcript signals were up-regulated by genistein (except for thyroid peroxidase/tpo), and the hatching enzyme (he1a1) was exclusively up-regulated by daidzein (from 1.25 mg/L onwards). The ZFET proved suitable for assessing toxicant effects of both isoflavones and potential disruptions (i.e. oestrogenic, apoptotic, thyroid, enzymatic) during the embryogenesis and the endotrophic larval period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN-CSIC, Spain; Campus Universitario Rio San Pedro, Apdo oficial, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - María Úbeda-Manzanaro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN-CSIC, Spain; Campus Universitario Rio San Pedro, Apdo oficial, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN-CSIC, Spain; Campus Universitario Rio San Pedro, Apdo oficial, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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26
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Campinho MA, Silva N, Martins GG, Anjos L, Florindo C, Roman-Padilla J, Garcia-Cegarra A, Louro B, Manchado M, Power DM. A thyroid hormone regulated asymmetric responsive centre is correlated with eye migration during flatfish metamorphosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12267. [PMID: 30115956 PMCID: PMC6095868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Flatfish metamorphosis is a unique post-embryonic developmental event in which thyroid hormones (THs) drive the development of symmetric pelagic larva into asymmetric benthic juveniles. One of the eyes migrates to join the other eye on the opposite side of the head. Developmental mechanisms at the basis of the acquisition of flatfish anatomical asymmetry remain an open question. Here we demonstrate that an TH responsive asymmetric centre, determined by deiodinase 2 expression, ventrally juxtaposed to the migrating eye in sole (Solea senegalensis) correlates with asymmetric cranial ossification that in turn drives eye migration. Besides skin pigmentation that is asymmetric between dorsal and ventral sides, only the most anterior head region delimited by the eyes becomes asymmetric whereas the remainder of the head and organs therein stay symmetric. Sub-ocular ossification is common to all flatfish analysed to date, so we propose that this newly discovered mechanism is universal and is associated with eye migration in all flatfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Campinho
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Nádia Silva
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gabriel G Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Liliana Anjos
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Claudia Florindo
- CBMR, Centre for Biomedical Research, Departamento de Ciências Biomedicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Javier Roman-Padilla
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,IFAPA Centro El Toruño, 11500 El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana Garcia-Cegarra
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Bruno Louro
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Manuel Manchado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, 11500 El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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27
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Richardson SJ, Van Herck S, Delbaere J, McAllan BM, Darras VM. The affinity of transthyretin for T 3 or T 4 does not determine which form of the hormone accumulates in the choroid plexus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 264:131-137. [PMID: 28919452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Normal development of the brain is dependent on the required amounts of thyroid hormones (THs) reaching specific regions of the brain during each stage of ontogeny. Many proteins are involved with regulation of TH bioavailability in the brain: the TH distributor protein transthyretin (TTR), TH transmembrane transporters (e.g. MCT8, MCT10, LAT1, OATP1C1) and deiodinases (D1, D2 and D3) which either activate or inactivate THs. Previous studies revealed that in mammals, T4, but not T3, accumulated in the choroid plexus and then entered the cerebrospinal fluid. In all mammalian species studied so far, TTR binds T4 with higher affinity than T3, whereas TTR in non-mammalian vertebrates binds T3 with higher affinity than T4. We investigated if the form of TH preferentially bound by TTR influenced the form of the TH that accumulated in the choroid plexus and consequently other areas of the brain. We measured the mRNA levels corresponding to TTR, MCT8, MCT10, LAT1, OATP1C1, D1, D2 and D3 in the brains of chickens at 11days post-hatching. TTR, D3 and OATP1C1 expression were found to be highly concentrated in the choroid plexus. D1, MCT8 and MCT10 mRNA levels were slightly greater in the choroid plexus than in other areas of the brain while D2 mRNA levels were lower. LAT1 mRNA was evenly expressed throughout the brain. Therefore, the choroid plexus appears to be a structure which exhibits sophisticated control of TH levels within the brain. We also measured the uptake of intravenously injected 125I-T3 and 125I-T4 into brains of chickens of the same age. 125I-T4 but not 125I-T3 accumulated in the choroid plexus and optic lobes. Therefore, the form of TH preferentially bound by TTR does not determine the form of TH that accumulates in the choroid plexus and other areas of the brain. As for mammals, T3 present in the avian brain therefore seems mainly produced locally by conversion of T4 into T3 by D2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stijn Van Herck
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joke Delbaere
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bronwyn M McAllan
- Physiology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, 2006 New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Veerle M Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Stinckens E, Vergauwen L, Ankley GT, Blust R, Darras VM, Villeneuve DL, Witters H, Volz DC, Knapen D. An AOP-based alternative testing strategy to predict the impact of thyroid hormone disruption on swim bladder inflation in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:1-12. [PMID: 29702435 PMCID: PMC6002951 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework can be used to help support the development of alternative testing strategies aimed at predicting adverse outcomes caused by triggering specific toxicity pathways. In this paper, we present a case-study demonstrating the selection of alternative in chemico assays targeting the molecular initiating events of established AOPs, and evaluate use of the resulting data to predict higher level biological endpoints. Based on two AOPs linking inhibition of the deiodinase (DIO) enzymes to impaired posterior swim bladder inflation in fish, we used in chemico enzyme inhibition assays to measure the molecular initiating events for an array of 51 chemicals. Zebrafish embryos were then exposed to 14 compounds with different measured inhibition potentials. Effects on posterior swim bladder inflation, predicted based on the information captured by the AOPs, were evaluated. By linking the two datasets and setting thresholds, we were able to demonstrate that the in chemico dataset can be used to predict biological effects on posterior chamber inflation, with only two outliers out of the 14 tested compounds. Our results show how information organized using the AOP framework can be employed to develop or select alternative assays, and successfully forecast downstream key events along the AOP. In general, such in chemico assays could serve as a first-tier high-throughput system to screen and prioritize chemicals for subsequent acute and chronic fish testing, potentially reducing the need for long-term and costly toxicity tests requiring large numbers of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Stinckens
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division,6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veerle M Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division,6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Hilda Witters
- Applied Bio & Molecular Systems (ABS), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1 expression in early breast cancer: a validation study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 171:709-717. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ruuskanen S, Hsu BY. Maternal Thyroid Hormones: An Unexplored Mechanism Underlying Maternal Effects in an Ecological Framework. Physiol Biochem Zool 2018; 91:904-916. [DOI: 10.1086/697380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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31
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Lorenz C, Krüger A, Schöning V, Lutz I. The progestin norethisterone affects thyroid hormone-dependent metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis tadpoles at environmentally relevant concentrations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 150:86-95. [PMID: 29268119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously, levonorgestrel (LNG) has been shown to be an endocrine disruptor of the amphibian thyroid system. In the present study, we investigated whether anti-thyroidal effects are a common property of progestins other than LNG. Premetamorphic Xenopus laevis tadpoles were exposed to norethisterone (NET) and dienogest DIE (each at 0.1-10nM) and LNG (10nM) until completion of metamorphosis. LNG and NET at all concentrations caused a significant developmental retardation whereas DIE did not impair time to metamorphosis. In LNG and 10nM NET exposed animals, tsh mRNA levels increased considerably later than the developmental delay occurred and thyroid histopathology showed no signs of TSH-hyperstimulation. Instead, thyroid glands from these treatments appeared inactive in producing thyroid hormones. Thyroidal transcript levels of dio2 and dio3 were increased by treatments with LNG and NET at 1nM and 10nM, whereas iyd mRNA was reduced by LNG and 10nM NET. Expression of slc5α5 was not changed by any treatment. Effects of DIE differed from those induced by LNG and NET. No developmental delay was measurable; however, tshβ and dio2 mRNAs were increased in pituitary glands of tadpoles exposed to 1.0nM and 10nM DIE. Thyroid histopathology displayed no abnormalities and thyroidal mRNA expression of the genes analyzed (slc5α5, iyd, dio2, dio3) was not changed by DIE. Overall, our results provide evidence that the anti-thyroidal effects already known from LNG are also present in another progestin, namely NET, even at environmentally relevant concentrations. In conclusion we suggest that progestins do not only pose an environmental risk in terms of their impact on reproductive success of aquatic vertebrates, but also with respect to their anti-thyroidal properties affecting amphibian metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lorenz
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Angela Krüger
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Viola Schöning
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilka Lutz
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
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Sarasquete C, Úbeda-Manzanaro M, Ortiz-Delgado JB. Effects of the isoflavone genistein in early life stages of the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis: role of the Survivin and proliferation versus apoptosis pathways. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:16. [PMID: 29343251 PMCID: PMC5772717 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochemical flavonoids are widely distributed in the environment and are derived from many anthropogenic activities. The isoflavone genistein is a naturally occurring compound found in soya products that are habitual constituents of the aquafeeds. This isoflavone possesses oestrogenic biological activity and also apoptotic properties. The present study has been performed to determine the effects of the genistein in the early life stages of the flatfish Senegalese sole during the first month of larval life, and it is focused especially at the metamorphosis, analysing the expression transcript levels and the immunohistochemical protein patterns implicated in the cell proliferation and apoptosis pathways (proliferation cellular/PCNA, anti-apoptosis Survivin/BIRC-5, death receptors/Fas, and Caspases). RESULTS The isoflavone genistein induced some temporal disrupting effects in several pro-apoptotic signalling pathways (Fas, CASP-6) at both genistein doses (3 mg/L and 10 mg/L), with increased Fas transcripts and also decreasing CASP-6 mRNA expression levels during metamorphic and post-metamorphic stages of the Senegalese sole. On the other hand, the anti-apoptotic BIRC-5 expression levels were weakly down-regulated with both the highest and lowest doses, but all of these imbalances were stabilised to the baseline levels. In early life stages of the controls, the constitutive basal transcript levels were temporarily and differentially expressed, reaching the highest levels at the pre-metamorphosis phase, as especially in endotrophic larvae (i.e. BIRC-5 mRNA), as well as in the metamorphic (i.e. CASP-6 mRNA) and post-metamorphic stages (i.e. Fas mRNA). In general, through development, continuous and progressive increases in the protein patterns of cell proliferation-PCNA (e.g. mitotic nuclei), anti-apoptotic Survivin (e.g. haematopoietic system, brain, digestive system, gills) and CASP-2 and -6 (e.g. brain, gills, kidney, digestive system, vascular systems, among others) have been immunohistochemically detected. Besides, both the controls and genistein exposed larvae displayed parallel immunostaining protein patterns in the different organ-systems and tissues. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptional imbalances observed in the studied genes (BIRC-5, CASP-6, Fas) were only temporarily induced, and apparently no changes in the immunohistochemical protein patterns were detected. Thus, the isoflavone genistein caused not harmful effects in the development and metamorphosis of the Senegalese sole exposed to chronic environmentally relevant concentrations (3 and 10 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN.CSIC-Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Úbeda-Manzanaro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN.CSIC-Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan B. Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN.CSIC-Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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33
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Little AG. Local Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Signaling. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 106:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zada D, Blitz E, Appelbaum L. Zebrafish - An emerging model to explore thyroid hormone transporters and psychomotor retardation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:53-58. [PMID: 28274736 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate a variety of fundamental physiological processes, including the development and maintenance of the brain. For decades, it was thought that THs enter the cells by passive diffusion. However, it is now clear that TH transport across the cell membrane requires specific transporter proteins that facilitate the uptake and efflux of THs. Several thyroid hormone transmembrane transporters (THTTs) have been identified, including monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), MCT10, and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1C1 (OATP1C1). The critical role of THTTs in regulating metabolism and brain function is demonstrated in the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS), an X-linked psychomotor retardation associated with mutations in the MCT8/SLC16A2 gene. In addition to traditional research on humans, cell-lines, and rodents, the zebrafish has recently emerged as an attractive model to study THTTs and neuroendocrinological-related disorders. In this review, we describe the unique contribution of zebrafish studies to the understanding of the functional role of THTTs in live animals, and how this transparent vertebrate model can be used for translational studies on TH-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zada
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Einat Blitz
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Lior Appelbaum
- The Faculty of Life Sciences and the Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
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36
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Vancamp P, Darras VM. Dissecting the role of regulators of thyroid hormone availability in early brain development: Merits and potential of the chicken embryo model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:71-78. [PMID: 28153797 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are important mediators of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) development, thereby regulating the expression of a wide variety of genes by binding to nuclear TH receptors. TH transporters and deiodinases are both needed to ensure appropriate intracellular TH availability, but the precise function of each of these regulators and their coaction during brain development is only partially understood. Rodent knockout models already provided some crucial insights, but their in utero development severely hampers research regarding the role of TH regulators during early embryonic stages. The establishment of novel gain- and loss-of-function techniques has boosted the position of externally developing non-mammalian vertebrates as research models in developmental endocrinology. Here, we elaborate on the chicken as a model organism to elucidate the function of TH regulators during embryonic CNS development. The fast-developing, relatively big and accessible embryo allows easy experimental manipulation, especially at early stages of brain development. Recent data on the characterisation and spatiotemporal expression pattern of different TH regulators in embryonic chicken CNS have provided the necessary background to dissect the function of each of them in more detail. We highlight some recent advances and important strategies to investigate the role of TH transporters and deiodinases in various CNS structures like the brain barriers, the cerebellum, the retina and the hypothalamus. Exploiting the advantages of this non-classical model can greatly contribute to complete our understanding of the regulation of TH bioavailability throughout embryonic CNS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vancamp
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle M Darras
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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37
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Opitz R, Köhrle J. Editorial: Get inspired - Lessons learned from evolution of thyroid hormone signaling in developmental processes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:1-4. [PMID: 29241682 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Differential transcriptome regulation by 3,5-T2 and 3',3,5-T3 in brain and liver uncovers novel roles for thyroid hormones in tilapia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15043. [PMID: 29118400 PMCID: PMC5678081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) is considered to be the primary bioactive thyroid hormone (TH) due to its high affinity for TH nuclear receptors (TRs), new data suggest that 3,5-diiodothyronine (T2) can also regulate transcriptional networks. To determine the functional relevance of these bioactive THs, RNA-seq analysis was conducted in the cerebellum, thalamus-pituitary and liver of tilapia treated with equimolar doses of T2 or T3. We identified a total of 169, 154 and 2863 genes that were TH-responsive (FDR < 0.05) in the tilapia cerebellum, thalamus-pituitary and liver, respectively. Among these, 130, 96 and 349 genes were uniquely regulated by T3, whereas 22, 40 and 929 were exclusively regulated by T2 under our experimental paradigm. The expression profiles in response to TH treatment were tissue-specific, and the diversity of regulated genes also resulted in a variety of different pathways being affected by T2 and T3. T2 regulated gene networks associated with cell signalling and transcriptional pathways, while T3 regulated pathways related to cell signalling, the immune system, and lipid metabolism. Overall, the present work highlights the relevance of T2 as a key bioactive hormone, and reveals some of the different functional strategies that underpin TH pleiotropy.
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NCoR1-independent mechanism plays a role in the action of the unliganded thyroid hormone receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8458-E8467. [PMID: 28923959 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706917114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) is considered to be the major corepressor that mediates ligand-independent actions of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) during development and in hypothyroidism. We tested this by expressing a hypomorphic NCoR1 allele (NCoR1ΔID), which cannot interact with the TR, in Pax8-KO mice, which make no thyroid hormone. Surprisingly, abrogation of NCoR1 function did not reverse the ligand-independent action of the TR on many gene targets and did not fully rescue the high mortality rate due to congenital hypothyroidism in these mice. To further examine NCoR1's role in repression by the unliganded TR, we deleted NCoR1 in the livers of euthyroid and hypothyroid mice and examined the effects on gene expression and enhancer activity measured by histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) acetylation. Even in the absence of NCoR1 function, we observed strong repression of more than 43% of positive T3 (3,3',5-triiodothyronine) targets in hypothyroid mice. Regulation of approximately half of those genes correlated with decreased H3K27 acetylation, and nearly 80% of these regions with affected H3K27 acetylation contained a bona fide TRβ1-binding site. Moreover, using liver-specific TRβ1-KO mice, we demonstrate that hypothyroidism-associated changes in gene expression and histone acetylation require TRβ1. Thus, many of the genomic changes mediated by the TR in hypothyroidism are independent of NCoR1, suggesting a role for additional signaling modulators in hypothyroidism.
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40
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Sarasquete C, Úbeda-Manzanaro M, Ortiz-Delgado JB. Effects of the soya isoflavone genistein in early life stages of the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis: Thyroid, estrogenic and metabolic biomarkers. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 250:136-151. [PMID: 28634083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the effects induced by environmentally relevant concentrations of the isoflavone genistein (3mg/L and 10mg/L) during early life stages of the Senegalese sole. Throughout the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, several neurohormonal regulatory thyroid signalling patterns (thyroglobulin/Tg, thyroid peroxidase/TPO, transthyretin/TTR, thyroid receptors/TRβ, and iodothrynonine deiodinases, Dio2 and Dio3) were analysed. Furthermore, the expression patterns of estrogen receptor ERβ and haemoprotein Cyp1a were also evaluated. In the control larvae, progressive increases of constitutive hormonal signalling pathways have been evidenced from the pre-metamorphosis phase onwards, reaching the highest expression basal levels at the metamorphosis (Tg, TPO, Dio2) and/or during post-metamorphosis (TTR, TRβ, ERβ). When the early larvae were exposed to both genistein concentrations (3mg/L and 10mg/L), a statistically significant down-regulation of TPO, TTR and Tg mRNA levels was clearly detected at the metamorphic stages. In addition, the Dio2 and Dio3 transcript expression levels were also down and up-regulated when exposed to both genistein concentrations. In the larvae exposed to genistein, no statistically significant responses were recorded for the TRβ expression patterns. Nevertheless, the ERβ and Cyp1a transcript levels were up-regulated at the middle metamorphic stage (S2, at 16 dph) in the larvae exposed to high genistein concentrations and, only the ERβ was down-regulated (S1, at 12dph) at the lower doses. Finally, all these pointed out imbalances were only temporarily disrupted by exposure to genistein, since most of the modulated transcriptional signals (i.e. up or down-regulation) were quickly restored to the baseline levels. Additionally, the control and genistein-exposed Senegalese sole specimens showed characteristic ontogenetic patterns and completely suitable for an optimal development, metamorphosis, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, ICMAN-CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Maria Úbeda-Manzanaro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, ICMAN-CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Bosco Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, ICMAN-CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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41
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Alves RN, Cardoso JCR, Harboe T, Martins RST, Manchado M, Norberg B, Power DM. Duplication of Dio3 genes in teleost fish and their divergent expression in skin during flatfish metamorphosis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:279-293. [PMID: 28062304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deiodinase 3 (Dio3) plays an essential role during early development in vertebrates by controlling tissue thyroid hormone (TH) availability. The Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) possesses duplicate dio3 genes (dio3a and dio3b). Expression analysis indicates that dio3b levels change in abocular skin during metamorphosis and this suggests that this enzyme is associated with the divergent development of larval skin to the juvenile phenotype. In larvae exposed to MMI, a chemical that inhibits TH production, expression of dio3b in ocular skin is significantly up-regulated suggesting that THs normally modulate this genes expression during this developmental event. The molecular basis for divergent dio3a and dio3b expression and responsiveness to MMI treatment is explained by the multiple conserved TREs in the proximal promoter region of teleost dio3b and their absence from the promoter of dio3a. We propose that the divergent expression of dio3 in ocular and abocular skin during halibut metamorphosis contributes to the asymmetric pigment development in response to THs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Alves
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - J C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - T Harboe
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Austevoll, Norway.
| | - R S T Martins
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - M Manchado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - B Norberg
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Austevoll, Norway.
| | - D M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Moog NK, Entringer S, Heim C, Wadhwa PD, Kathmann N, Buss C. Influence of maternal thyroid hormones during gestation on fetal brain development. Neuroscience 2017; 342:68-100. [PMID: 26434624 PMCID: PMC4819012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play an obligatory role in many fundamental processes underlying brain development and maturation. The developing embryo/fetus is dependent on maternal supply of TH. The fetal thyroid gland does not commence TH synthesis until mid gestation, and the adverse consequences of severe maternal TH deficiency on offspring neurodevelopment are well established. Recent evidence suggests that even more moderate forms of maternal thyroid dysfunction, particularly during early gestation, may have a long-lasting influence on child cognitive development and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, these observed alterations appear to be largely irreversible after birth. It is, therefore, important to gain a better understanding of the role of maternal thyroid dysfunction on offspring neurodevelopment in terms of the nature, magnitude, time-specificity, and context-specificity of its effects. With respect to the issue of context specificity, it is possible that maternal stress and stress-related biological processes during pregnancy may modulate maternal thyroid function. The possibility of an interaction between the thyroid and stress systems in the context of fetal brain development has, however, not been addressed to date. We begin this review with a brief overview of TH biology during pregnancy and a summary of the literature on its effect on the developing brain. Next, we consider and discuss whether and how processes related to maternal stress and stress biology may interact with and modify the effects of maternal thyroid function on offspring brain development. We synthesize several research areas and identify important knowledge gaps that may warrant further study. The scientific and public health relevance of this review relates to achieving a better understanding of the timing, mechanisms and contexts of thyroid programing of brain development, with implications for early identification of risk, primary prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Moog
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Entringer
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany; University of California, Irvine, Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, 333 The City Drive West, Suite 1200, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 505 South Main Street, Suite 525, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - C Heim
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, College of Health and Human Development, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - P D Wadhwa
- University of California, Irvine, Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, 333 The City Drive West, Suite 1200, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 505 South Main Street, Suite 525, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 3117 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, 837 Health Sciences Drive, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 3117 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, 837 Health Sciences Drive, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 3117 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, 837 Health Sciences Drive, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - N Kathmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 18, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Buss
- Department of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany; University of California, Irvine, Development, Health, and Disease Research Program, 333 The City Drive West, Suite 1200, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, 505 South Main Street, Suite 525, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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Gigena N, Alamino VA, Montesinos MDM, Nazar M, Louzada RA, Wajner SM, Maia AL, Masini-Repiso AM, Carvalho DP, Cremaschi GA, Pellizas CG. Dissecting thyroid hormone transport and metabolism in dendritic cells. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:337-350. [PMID: 28052998 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We reported thyroid hormone (TH) receptor expression in murine dendritic cells (DCs) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3)-dependent stimulation of DC maturation and ability to develop a Th1-type adaptive response. Moreover, an increased DC capacity to promote antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell activity, exploited in a DC-based antitumor vaccination protocol, was revealed. However, putative effects of the main circulating TH, l-thyroxine (T4) and the mechanisms of TH transport and metabolism at DC level, crucial events for TH action at target cell level, were not known. Herein, we show that T4 did not reproduce those registered T3-dependent effects, finding that may reflect a homoeostatic control to prevent unspecific systemic activation of DCs. Besides, DCs express MCT10 and LAT2 TH transporters, and these cells mainly transport T3 with a favored involvement of MCT10 as its inhibition almost prevented T3 saturable uptake mechanism and reduced T3-induced IL-12 production. In turn, DCs express iodothyronine deiodonases type 2 and 3 (D2, D3) and exhibit both enzymatic activities with a prevalence towards TH inactivation. Moreover, T3 increased MCT10 and LAT2 expression and T3 efflux from DCs but not T3 uptake, whereas it induced a robust induction of D3 with a parallel slight reduction in D2. These findings disclose pivotal events involved in the mechanism of action of THs on DCs, providing valuable tools for manipulating the immunogenic potential of these cells. Furthermore, they broaden the knowledge of the TH mechanism of action at the immune system network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Gigena
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Vanina A Alamino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Del Mar Montesinos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magalí Nazar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruy A Louzada
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas FilhoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone M Wajner
- Thyroid UnitEndocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana L Maia
- Thyroid UnitEndocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana M Masini-Repiso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Denise P Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas FilhoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graciela A Cremaschi
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología MolecularInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED-CONICET), Universidad Católica Argentina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Pellizas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Lee EJ, Pokharel S, Jan AT, Huh S, Galope R, Lim JH, Lee DM, Choi SW, Nahm SS, Kim YW, Park SY, Choi I. Transthyretin: A Transporter Protein Essential for Proliferation of Myoblast in the Myogenic Program. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010115. [PMID: 28075349 PMCID: PMC5297749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Irregularities in the cellular uptake of thyroid hormones significantly affect muscle development and regeneration. Herein, we report indispensable role of transthyretin (TTR) in maintaining cellular thyroxine level. TTR was found to enhance recruitment of muscle satellite cells to the site of injury, thereby regulating muscle regeneration. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunofluorescence analysis of TTRwt (TTR wild type) and TTRkd (TTR knock-down) cells revealed that TTR controlled cell cycle progression by affecting the expression of Cyclin A2. Deiodinase 2 (D2) mediated increases in triiodothyronine levels were found to regulate the expression of myogenic marker, myogenin (MYOG). Moreover, use of a coumarin derivative (CD) revealed a significant reduction in cellular thyroxine, thereby indicating that TTR play a role in the transport of thyroxine. Taken together, these findings suggest that TTR mediated transport of thyroxine represents a survival mechanism necessary for the myogenic program. The results of this study will be highly useful to the strategic development of novel therapeutics to combat muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Smritee Pokharel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Soyeon Huh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Richelle Galope
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Technology Convergence R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 770-200, Korea.
| | - Dong-Mok Lee
- Technology Convergence R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 770-200, Korea.
| | - Sung Wook Choi
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejon 305-764, Korea.
| | - Sang-Soep Nahm
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 42415, Korea.
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 42415, Korea.
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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Lema SC, Chow MI, Resner EJ, Westman AA, May D, Dittman AH, Hardy KM. Endocrine and metabolic impacts of warming aquatic habitats: differential responses between recently isolated populations of a eurythermal desert pupfish. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow047. [PMID: 27833749 PMCID: PMC5100229 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temperatures of inland aquatic habitats are increasing with climate change, and understanding how fishes respond physiologically to thermal stress will be crucial for identifying species most susceptible to these changes. Desert fishes may be particularly vulnerable to rising temperatures because many species occupy only a fraction of their historical range and occur in habitats with already high temperatures. Here, we examined endocrine and metabolic responses to elevated temperature in Amargosa pupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae. We studied C. n. amargosae from two habitats with distinct thermal conditions: the Amargosa River, which experiences diurnally and seasonally variable temperatures (0.2-40°C); and Tecopa Bore, a spring and marsh fed by hot groundwater (47.5°C) from an artesian borehole. These allopatric populations differ in morphology, and prior evidence suggests that temperature might contribute to these differences via altered thyroid hormone (TH) regulation of morphological development. Here, we document variation in hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 2 (dio2) and type 3 (dio3) and TH receptor β (trβ) gene transcript abundance between the Amargosa River and Tecopa Bore wild populations. Fish from these populations acclimated to 24 or 34°C retained differences in hepatic dio2, dio3 and trβ mRNAs and also varied in transcripts encoding the TH membrane transporters monocarboxylate transporter 8 (mct8) and organic anion-transporting protein 1c1 (oatp1c1). Tecopa Bore pupfish also exhibited higher dio2 and trβ mRNA levels in skeletal muscle relative to Amargosa River fish. Muscle citrate synthase activity was lower at 34°C for both populations, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactate dehydrogenase A-chain (ldhA) transcripts were both higher and 3,5,3'-triiodothryonine responsive in Tecopa Bore pupfish only. These findings reveal that local population variation and thermal experience interact to shape how pupfish respond to elevated temperatures, and point to the need to consider such interactions in management actions for desert fishes under a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Lema
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Michelle I Chow
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Emily J Resner
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Alex A Westman
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Darran May
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Andrew H Dittman
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Kristin M Hardy
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
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Brigelius-Flohé R, Flohé L. Selenium and redox signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 617:48-59. [PMID: 27495740 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium compounds that contain selenol functions or can be metabolized to selenols are toxic via superoxide and H2O2 generation, when ingested at dosages beyond requirement. At supra-nutritional dosages various forms of programmed cell death are observed. At physiological intakes, selenium exerts its function as constituent of selenoproteins, which overwhelmingly are oxidoreductases. Out of those, the glutathione peroxidases counteract hydroperoxide-stimulated signaling cascades comprising inflammation triggered by cytokines or lipid mediators, insulin signaling and different forms of programmed cell death. Similar events are exerted by peroxiredoxins, which functionally depend on the selenoproteins of the thioredoxin reductase family. The thiol peroxidases of both families can, however, also act as sensors for hydroperoxides, thereby initiating signaling cascades. Although the interaction of selenoproteins with signaling events has been established by genetic techniques, the in vivo relevance of these findings is still hard to delineate for several reasons: The biosynthesis of individual selenoproteins responds differently to variations of selenium intakes; selenium is preferentially delivered to privileged tissues via inter-organ trafficking and receptor-mediated uptake, and only half of the selenoproteins known by sequence have been functionally characterized. The fragmentary insights do not allow any uncritical use of selenium for optimizing human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leopold Flohé
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
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Maher SK, Wojnarowicz P, Ichu TA, Veldhoen N, Lu L, Lesperance M, Propper CR, Helbing CC. Rethinking the biological relationships of the thyroid hormones, l-thyroxine and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 18:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Alves RN, Gomes AS, Stueber K, Tine M, Thorne MAS, Smáradóttir H, Reinhard R, Clark MS, Rønnestad I, Power DM. The transcriptome of metamorphosing flatfish. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:413. [PMID: 27233904 PMCID: PMC4884423 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flatfish metamorphosis denotes the extraordinary transformation of a symmetric pelagic larva into an asymmetric benthic juvenile. Metamorphosis in vertebrates is driven by thyroid hormones (THs), but how they orchestrate the cellular, morphological and functional modifications associated with maturation to juvenile/adult states in flatfish is an enigma. Since THs act via thyroid receptors that are ligand activated transcription factors, we hypothesized that the maturation of tissues during metamorphosis should be preceded by significant modifications in the transcriptome. Targeting the unique metamorphosis of flatfish and taking advantage of the large size of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) larvae, we determined the molecular basis of TH action using RNA sequencing. RESULTS De novo assembly of sequences for larval head, skin and gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract) yielded 90,676, 65,530 and 38,426 contigs, respectively. More than 57 % of the assembled sequences were successfully annotated using a multi-step Blast approach. A unique set of biological processes and candidate genes were identified specifically associated with changes in morphology and function of the head, skin and GI-tract. Transcriptome dynamics during metamorphosis were mapped with SOLiD sequencing of whole larvae and revealed greater than 8,000 differentially expressed (DE) genes significantly (p < 0.05) up- or down-regulated in comparison with the juvenile stage. Candidate transcripts quantified by SOLiD and qPCR analysis were significantly (r = 0.843; p < 0.05) correlated. The majority (98 %) of DE genes during metamorphosis were not TH-responsive. TH-responsive transcripts clustered into 6 groups based on their expression pattern during metamorphosis and the majority of the 145 DE TH-responsive genes were down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS A transcriptome resource has been generated for metamorphosing Atlantic halibut and over 8,000 DE transcripts per stage were identified. Unique sets of biological processes and candidate genes were associated with changes in the head, skin and GI-tract during metamorphosis. A small proportion of DE transcripts were TH-responsive, suggesting that they trigger gene networks, signalling cascades and transcription factors, leading to the overt changes in tissue occurring during metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo N Alves
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Centro de Ciências do Mar - CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana S Gomes
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kurt Stueber
- Max Planck-Genome Centre, Max Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829, Köln, Germany
| | - Mbaye Tine
- Max Planck-Genome Centre, Max Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829, Köln, Germany.,Current address: Molecular Zoology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - M A S Thorne
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | | | - Richard Reinhard
- Max Planck-Genome Centre, Max Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829, Köln, Germany
| | - M S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Centro de Ciências do Mar - CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Jan AT, Lee EJ, Ahmad S, Choi I. Meeting the meat: delineating the molecular machinery of muscle development. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 58:18. [PMID: 27168943 PMCID: PMC4862161 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle, studied mostly with respect to meat production, represents one of the largest protein reservoirs of the body. As gene expression profiling holds credibility to deal with the increasing demand of food from animal sources, excessive loss due to myopathies and other muscular dystrophies was found detrimental as it aggravates diseases that result in increased morbidity and mortality. Holding key point towards improving the developmental program of muscle in meat producing animals, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the associated pathways in livestock animals is believed to open up new avenues towards enhancing the lean tissue deposition. To this end, identification of vital candidate genes having no known function in myogenesis, is believed to increase the current understanding of the physiological processes going on in the skeletal muscle tissue. Taking consequences of gene expression changes into account, knowledge of the pathways associated with their activation and as such up-regulation seems critical for the overall muscle homeostasis. Having important implications on livestock production, a thorough understanding of postnatal muscle development seems a timely step to fulfil the growing need of ever increasing populations of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Sarafraz Ahmad
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
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50
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Little AG. A review of the peripheral levels of regulation by thyroid hormone. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:677-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-0984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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