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Wang K, Lai W, Min T, Wei J, Bai Y, Cao H, Guo J, Su Z. The Effect of Enteric-Derived Lipopolysaccharides on Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4305. [PMID: 38673890 PMCID: PMC11050189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin is a general term for toxic substances in Gram-negative bacteria, whose damaging effects are mainly derived from the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria, and is a strong pyrogen. Obesity is a chronic, low-grade inflammatory condition, and LPS are thought to trigger and exacerbate it. The gut flora is the largest source of LPS in the body, and it is increasingly believed that altered intestinal microorganisms can play an essential role in the pathology of different diseases. Today, the complex axis linking gut flora to inflammatory states and adiposity has not been well elucidated. This review summarises the evidence for an interconnection between LPS, obesity, and gut flora, further expanding our understanding of LPS as a mediator of low-grade inflammatory disease and contributing to lessening the effects of obesity and related metabolic disorders. As well as providing targets associated with LPS, obesity, and gut flora, it is hoped that interventions that combine targets with gut flora address the individual differences in gut flora treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (K.W.); (W.L.); (T.M.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiwen Lai
- Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (K.W.); (W.L.); (T.M.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianqi Min
- Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (K.W.); (W.L.); (T.M.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jintao Wei
- Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (K.W.); (W.L.); (T.M.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China;
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China;
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (K.W.); (W.L.); (T.M.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Liu F, Smith AD, Wang TTY, Pham Q, Hou P, Cheung L, Yang H, Li RW. Phospholipid-rich krill oil promotes intestinal health by strengthening beneficial gut microbial interactions in an infectious colitis model. Food Funct 2024; 15:2604-2615. [PMID: 38356343 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Krill oil (KO) is rich in bioactive ingredients including phospholipids, omega-3 fatty acids, and astaxanthin. While health benefits and roles of KO in modulating lipid metabolism are well documented, its ability to alleviate symptoms related to infectious colitis and modulate gut microbial interactions is still largely unknown. Here we used a multi-omics approach, including transcriptome, microbiome, and metabolome analyses, to understand how KO mediates gut microbial interactions and promotes epithelial healing in an infectious colitis model. KO reversed the infection-induced intestinal hyperplasia to baseline. KO dampened intestinal inflammation via multiple targets, mediating several proinflammatory pathways, including IL17 signaling, and reducing luminal histamine levels. KO supplementation enriched butyrate-producing bacteria, including Roseburia and Clostridium, and strengthened beneficial microbial interactions in the gut microbial community. Supplementation with phospholipid-rich KO also increased microbial phylogenetic diversity. KO enhanced mucosal barrier function by increasing the production of Muc6 and the antimicrobial peptide, Leap2. KO played an active role during epithelial healing by inhibiting the expression of granzyme K while increasing the expression of a colitis protective factor, Dclk1. Together, our findings demonstrate that KO rich in omega-3 phospholipids can play a protective role in infectious colitis and should be considered a dietary option for promoting gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Allen D Smith
- USDA-ARS, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- USDA-ARS, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- USDA-ARS, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Pengfen Hou
- Affilated Hospital of Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lumei Cheung
- USDA-ARS, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Haiyan Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Robert W Li
- USDA-ARS, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
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3
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Cani PD, Van Hul M. Gut microbiota in overweight and obesity: crosstalk with adipose tissue. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:164-183. [PMID: 38066102 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are characterized by excessive fat mass accumulation produced when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. One plausible way to control energy expenditure is to modulate thermogenic pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Among the different environmental factors capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, the gut microbiota is now considered a key player. Following pioneering studies showing that mice lacking gut microbes (that is, germ-free mice) or depleted of their gut microbiota (that is, using antibiotics) developed less adipose tissue, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between gut bacteria, some of their membrane components (that is, lipopolysaccharides), and their metabolites (that is, short-chain fatty acids, endocannabinoids, bile acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands and tryptophan derivatives) as well as their contribution to the browning and/or beiging of WAT and changes in BAT activity. In this Review, we discuss the general physiology of both WAT and BAT. Subsequently, we introduce how gut bacteria and different microbiota-derived metabolites, their receptors and signalling pathways can regulate the development of adipose tissue and its metabolic capacities. Finally, we describe the key challenges in moving from bench to bedside by presenting specific key examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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4
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Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Khalil M, Garruti G, Portincasa P. Contribution of the microbiome for better phenotyping of people living with obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:839-870. [PMID: 37119391 PMCID: PMC10148591 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportion worldwide and in all ages. Available evidence points to a multifactorial pathogenesis involving gene predisposition and environmental factors. Gut microbiota plays a critical role as a major interface between external factors, i.e., diet, lifestyle, toxic chemicals, and internal mechanisms regulating energy and metabolic homeostasis, fat production and storage. A shift in microbiota composition is linked with overweight and obesity, with pathogenic mechanisms involving bacterial products and metabolites (mainly endocannabinoid-related mediators, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, catabolites of tryptophan, lipopolysaccharides) and subsequent alterations in gut barrier, altered metabolic homeostasis, insulin resistance and chronic, low-grade inflammation. Although animal studies point to the links between an "obesogenic" microbiota and the development of different obesity phenotypes, the translational value of these results in humans is still limited by the heterogeneity among studies, the high variation of gut microbiota over time and the lack of robust longitudinal studies adequately considering inter-individual confounders. Nevertheless, available evidence underscores the existence of several genera predisposing to obesity or, conversely, to lean and metabolically health phenotype (e.g., Akkermansia muciniphila, species from genera Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Roseburia). Further longitudinal studies using metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics with exact characterization of confounders are needed in this field. Results must confirm that distinct genera and specific microbial-derived metabolites represent effective and precision interventions against overweight and obesity in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
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5
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Zeng F, Lai M, Li Q, Zhang H, Chen Z, Gong S, Liu X, Liu B. Anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects of mannoprotein-rich yeast cell wall enzymatic hydrolysate by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112753. [PMID: 37316035 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, antioxidant and anti-aging studies were carried out by mannoprotein-rich yeast cell wall enzymatic hydrolysate (MYH) obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast cell wall through the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. It was found that MYH could improve the lifespan and anti-stress ability of C. elegans by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as T-SOD, GSH-PX and CAT, and reducing the levels of MDA, ROS and apoptosis. At the same time, through the verification expression of corresponding mRNA, it was found that MYH exerted antioxidant and anti-aging activities by up-regulating the translation of MTL-1, DAF-16, SKN-1 and SOD-3 mRNA, and down-regulating the translation of AGE-1 and DAF-2 mRNA. In addition, it was found that MYH could improve the composition and distribution of the gut microbiota of C. elegans, and significantly improve the level of metabolites through the sequencing of gut microbiota and untargeted metabolomic studies. It has contributed to studying the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of microorganisms such as yeast through the level of gut microbiota and metabolites and the development of related functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meiying Lai
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Quancen Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- The Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Yichang 443003, China; School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhixian Chen
- The Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Yichang 443003, China
| | - Shiyu Gong
- The Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Yichang 443003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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6
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Van Hul M, Cani PD. The gut microbiota in obesity and weight management: microbes as friends or foe? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:258-271. [PMID: 36650295 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is caused by a long-term difference between energy intake and expenditure - an imbalance that is seemingly easily restored by increasing exercise and reducing caloric consumption. However, as simple as this solution appears, for many people, losing excess weight is difficult to achieve and even more difficult to maintain. The reason for this difficulty is that energy intake and expenditure, and by extension body weight, are regulated through complex hormonal, neural and metabolic mechanisms that are under the influence of many environmental factors and internal responses. Adding to this complexity, the microorganisms (microbes) that comprise the gut microbiota exert direct effects on the digestion, absorption and metabolism of food. Furthermore, the gut microbiota exerts a miscellany of protective, structural and metabolic effects both on the intestinal milieu and peripheral tissues, thus affecting body weight by modulating metabolism, appetite, bile acid metabolism, and the hormonal and immune systems. In this Review, we outline historical and recent advances in understanding how the gut microbiota is involved in regulating body weight homeostasis. We also discuss the opportunities, limitations and challenges of using gut microbiota-related approaches as a means to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain (Université catholique de Louvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain (Université catholique de Louvain), Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
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Wang J, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Gong L, Zhang X, Liao H. TNF-α and IL-1β Promote Renal Podocyte Injury in T2DM Rats by Decreasing Glomerular VEGF/eNOS Expression Levels and Altering Hemodynamic Parameters. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6657-6673. [PMID: 36532651 PMCID: PMC9748123 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s391473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence confirms that serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the T2DM stage are proposed as prognostic markers for DN development, but it is unclear how they affect renal podocyte-associated nephrin and WT-1 expression. In the presence of podocyte injury, glomerular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and hemodynamic parameters are dysregulated. The current research aimed to clarify the relationship of TNF-α and IL-1β with podocyte injury by altering VEGF/eNOS expression and hemodynamic parameters. METHODS A high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced DN rat model was established. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels were tracked in the pre-T2DM, T2DM and DN stages. In the DN stage, the mRNA and protein expression levels of renal TNF-α, IL-1β, VEGF, eNOS, nephrin and WT-1 were studied. Renal hemodynamic parameters, including peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic flow velocity and mean velocity were measured with a color Doppler ultrasound technique. RESULTS Compared to those in the normal control (CTL) group, serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels increased significantly in the pre-T2DM stage (obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia), T2DM stage (hyperglycemia) and DN stage (abnormal renal functions) (all: P < 0.05) in the DN group. Serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the T2DM stage were significantly higher than those in the pre-T2DM stage (two: P < 0.05). Compared to the CTL group, renal nephrin, WT-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, eNOS and VEGF expression and hemodynamic parameters in the DN stage all showed significant differences separately (all: P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Increased serum and renal TNF-α and IL-1β levels played important roles in reducing renal nephrin and WT-1 expression levels, which may be related to the fact that the former affected renal VEGF/eNOS expression and blood flow parameters in the DN rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufang Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital), Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Kra G, Daddam JR, Moallem U, Kamer H, Kočvarová R, Nemirovski A, Contreras GA, Tam J, Zachut M. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on components of the endocannabinoid system and metabolic and inflammatory responses in adipose and liver of peripartum dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:114. [PMID: 36183098 PMCID: PMC9526899 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the activation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) by decreasing the availability of arachidonic acid, thus lowering endocannabinoids (eCBs) levels. The ECS is a modulator of energy metabolism, stress response and inflammation in mammals, yet there is little information on the roles of the ECS in transition dairy cows. During the periparturient period, the adipose tissue and liver are the main metabolic organs that participate in the adaptations of dairy cows to onset of lactation; however, exceeded adipose tissue lipolysis and accumulation of lipids in the liver have adverse effects on cows’ physiology. Here we aimed to examine whether omega-3 supplementation during the transition period will modulate ECS activation and affect metabolic and inflammatory indices in postpartum dairy cows, by supplementing twenty-eight transition Holstein dairy cows with either saturated fat (CTL) or encapsulated flaxseed oil (FLX). Components of the ECS, metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured in blood, liver, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results FLX supplementation reduced feed intake by 8.1% (P < 0.01) and reduced plasma levels of arachidonic acid (by 44.2%; P = 0.02) and anandamide (by 49.7%; P = 0.03) postpartum compared to CTL. The mRNA transcription levels of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1/CB1) tended to be lower (2.5 folds) in white blood cells of FLX than in CTL (P = 0.10), and protein abundance of ECS enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase was higher in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of FLX than in CTL (P = 0.04). In adipose tissue, palmitoylethanolamide levels were lower in FLX than in CTL (by 61.5%; P = 0.02), relative mRNA transcription of lipogenic genes were higher, and the protein abundance of cannabinoid receptor 2 (P = 0.08) and monoacylglycerol lipase (P = 0.10) tended to be higher in FLX compared to CTL. Hepatic 2-arachidonoylglycerol tended to be higher (by 73.1%; P = 0.07), and interlukin-6 mRNA transcription level was 1.5 folds lower in liver of FLX than in CTL (P = 0.03). Conclusions Nutritional supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids seems to partly modulate ECS activation, which could be related to lower feed intake. The altered ECS components in blood, adipose tissue and liver are associated with moderate modulations in lipid metabolism in the adipose and inflammation in liver of peripartum dairy cows. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00761-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitit Kra
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel.,Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Uzi Moallem
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Hadar Kamer
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Radka Kočvarová
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Zachut
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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9
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Abstract
The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to the regulation of host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types of crosstalk with our organs. Because of the development of molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), the complex interactions occurring between the host and the different microorganisms are progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, gut microbiota deviations are linked with many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel diseases (IBDs) and several types of cancer. Thus, suggesting that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid and glucose metabolism are affected.In this review, specific attention is given to provide a critical evaluation of the current understanding in this field. Numerous molecular mechanisms explaining how gut bacteria might be causally linked with the protection or the onset of diseases are discussed. We examine well-established metabolites (ie, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, trimethylamine N-oxide) and extend this to more recently identified molecular actors (ie, endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products and enterosynes) and their specific receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and G protein-coupled receptors (ie, GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5).Altogether, understanding the complexity and the molecular aspects linking gut microbes to health will help to set the basis for novel therapies that are already being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition research group (MNUT), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition research group (MNUT), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Abstract
The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to the regulation of host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types of crosstalk with our organs. Because of the development of molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), the complex interactions occurring between the host and the different microorganisms are progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, gut microbiota deviations are linked with many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel diseases (IBDs) and several types of cancer. Thus, suggesting that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid and glucose metabolism are affected.In this review, specific attention is given to provide a critical evaluation of the current understanding in this field. Numerous molecular mechanisms explaining how gut bacteria might be causally linked with the protection or the onset of diseases are discussed. We examine well-established metabolites (ie, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, trimethylamine N-oxide) and extend this to more recently identified molecular actors (ie, endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products and enterosynes) and their specific receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and G protein-coupled receptors (ie, GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5).Altogether, understanding the complexity and the molecular aspects linking gut microbes to health will help to set the basis for novel therapies that are already being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition research group (MNUT), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Metabolism and Nutrition research group (MNUT), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Zhang L, Zhang H, Xie Q, Xiong S, Jin F, Zhou F, Zhou H, Guo J, Wen C, Huang B, Yang F, Dong Y, Xu K. A bibliometric study of global trends in diabetes and gut flora research from 2011 to 2021. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:990133. [PMID: 36339425 PMCID: PMC9633665 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.990133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disease that causes a serious economic burden worldwide. Gut flora is a major component of diabetes research, and the aim of this study was to understand the trends and major components of research related to diabetes and gut flora in the last 11 years. METHODS We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database for articles on diabetes and gut flora related research from 2011-2021 on July 2, 2022. The literature data were analyzed for country, institution, author, steward, journal, and highly cited literature using Citespace.5.8.R3 and Vosviewer1.6.17. RESULTS Finally 4834 articles that met the requirements were included. The overall trend of articles published in the last 11 years is increasing, and the trend of articles published after 2019 is increasing significantly. In total, 109 countries, 4820 institutions, and 23365 authors were involved in the field of research. The highest number of publications was 1262 articles from the United States, the institution with the most publications was the University of Copenhagen with 134 articles, and the author with the most publications was PATRICE D CANI with 52 articles. CONCLUSION The number of studies related to diabetes and intestinal flora is increasing and more and more researchers are involved in this field. Intestinal flora provides a key research direction for the treatment of diabetes. In the future, gut flora will remain the focus of the diabetes field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongcai Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai Xiong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengchen Jin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hongjun Zhou
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanbiao Wen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Biao Huang, ; Fei Yang, ; Yuanwei Dong, ; Ke Xu,
| | - Fei Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Biao Huang, ; Fei Yang, ; Yuanwei Dong, ; Ke Xu,
| | - Yuanwei Dong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Biao Huang, ; Fei Yang, ; Yuanwei Dong, ; Ke Xu,
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Biao Huang, ; Fei Yang, ; Yuanwei Dong, ; Ke Xu,
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12
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Shen M, Manca C, Suriano F, Nallabelli N, Pechereau F, Allam-Ndoul B, Iannotti FA, Flamand N, Veilleux A, Cani PD, Silvestri C, Di Marzo V. Three of a Kind: Control of the Expression of Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide 2 (LEAP2) by the Endocannabinoidome and the Gut Microbiome. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010001. [PMID: 35011234 PMCID: PMC8746324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoidome (expanded endocannabinoid system, eCBome)-gut microbiome (mBIome) axis plays a fundamental role in the control of energy intake and processing. The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a recently identified molecule acting as an antagonist of the ghrelin receptor and hence a potential effector of energy metabolism, also at the level of the gastrointestinal system. Here we investigated the role of the eCBome-gut mBIome axis in the control of the expression of LEAP2 in the liver and, particularly, the intestine. We confirm that the small intestine is a strong contributor to the circulating levels of LEAP2 in mice, and show that: (1) intestinal Leap2 expression is profoundly altered in the liver and small intestine of 13 week-old germ-free (GF) male mice, which also exhibit strong alterations in eCBome signaling; fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from conventionally raised to GF mice completely restored normal Leap2 expression after 7 days from this procedure; in 13 week-old female GF mice no significant change was observed; (2) Leap2 expression in organoids prepared from the mouse duodenum is elevated by the endocannabinoid noladin ether, whereas in human Caco-2/15 epithelial intestinal cells it is elevated by PPARγ activation by rosiglitazone; (3) Leap2 expression is elevated in the ileum of mice with either high-fat diet—or genetic leptin signaling deficiency—(i.e., ob/ob and db/db mice) induced obesity. Based on these results, we propose that LEAP2 originating from the small intestine may represent a player in eCBome- and/or gut mBIome-mediated effects on food intake and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Shen
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.S.); (C.M.); (N.N.); (N.F.)
| | - Claudia Manca
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.S.); (C.M.); (N.N.); (N.F.)
- Unité Mixte Internationale en Recherche Chimique et Biomoléculaire du Microbiome et son Impact sur la Santé Métabolique et la Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Francesco Suriano
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.); (P.D.C.)
| | - Nayudu Nallabelli
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.S.); (C.M.); (N.N.); (N.F.)
| | - Florent Pechereau
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), École de Nutrition (FSAA), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.P.); (B.A.-N.); (A.V.)
| | - Bénédicte Allam-Ndoul
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), École de Nutrition (FSAA), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.P.); (B.A.-N.); (A.V.)
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.S.); (C.M.); (N.N.); (N.F.)
| | - Alain Veilleux
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), École de Nutrition (FSAA), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.P.); (B.A.-N.); (A.V.)
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.); (P.D.C.)
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.S.); (C.M.); (N.N.); (N.F.)
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), École de Nutrition (FSAA), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.P.); (B.A.-N.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (V.D.); Tel.: +1-418-656-8711 (ext. 7229) (C.S.); +1-418-656-8711 (ext. 7263) (V.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.S.); (C.M.); (N.N.); (N.F.)
- Unité Mixte Internationale en Recherche Chimique et Biomoléculaire du Microbiome et son Impact sur la Santé Métabolique et la Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), École de Nutrition (FSAA), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (F.P.); (B.A.-N.); (A.V.)
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (V.D.); Tel.: +1-418-656-8711 (ext. 7229) (C.S.); +1-418-656-8711 (ext. 7263) (V.D.)
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