1
|
Povilaitis SC, Webb LJ. Leaflet-Dependent Effect of Anionic Lipids on Membrane Insertion by Cationic Cell-Penetrating Peptides. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:5841-5849. [PMID: 37339513 PMCID: PMC10478718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Cationic membrane-permeating peptides can cross membranes unassisted by transmembrane protein machinery, and there is consensus that anionic lipids facilitate this process. Although membranes are asymmetric in lipid composition, investigations of the impact of anionic lipids on peptide-membrane insertion in model vesicles primarily use symmetric anionic lipid distributions between bilayer leaflets. Here, we investigate the leaflet-specific influence of three anionic lipid headgroups [phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG)] on insertion into model membranes by three cationic membrane-permeating peptides (NAF-144-67, R6W3, and WWWK). We report that outer leaflet anionic lipids enhanced peptide-membrane insertion for all peptides while inner leaflet anionic lipids did not have a significant effect except in the case of NAF-144-67 incubated with PA-containing vesicles. The insertion enhancement was headgroup-dependent for arginine-containing peptides but not WWWK. These results provide significant new insight into the potential role of membrane asymmetry in insertion of peptides into model membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney C Povilaitis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lauren J Webb
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zakany F, Mándity IM, Varga Z, Panyi G, Nagy P, Kovacs T. Effect of the Lipid Landscape on the Efficacy of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. Cells 2023; 12:1700. [PMID: 37443733 PMCID: PMC10340183 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Every cell biological textbook teaches us that the main role of the plasma membrane is to separate cells from their neighborhood to allow for a controlled composition of the intracellular space. The mostly hydrophobic nature of the cell membrane presents an impenetrable barrier for most hydrophilic molecules larger than 1 kDa. On the other hand, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are capable of traversing this barrier without compromising membrane integrity, and they can do so on their own or coupled to cargos. Coupling biologically and medically relevant cargos to CPPs holds great promise of delivering membrane-impermeable drugs into cells. If the cargo is able to interact with certain cell types, uptake of the CPP-drug complex can be tailored to be cell-type-specific. Besides outlining the major membrane penetration pathways of CPPs, this review is aimed at deciphering how properties of the membrane influence the uptake mechanisms of CPPs. By summarizing an extensive body of experimental evidence, we argue that a more ordered, less flexible membrane structure, often present in the very diseases planned to be treated with CPPs, decreases their cellular uptake. These correlations are not only relevant for understanding the cellular biology of CPPs, but also for rationally improving their value in translational or clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florina Zakany
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| | - István M. Mándity
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
- TTK Lendület Artificial Transporter Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (F.Z.); (Z.V.); (G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lipid composition dependent binding of apolipoprotein E signal peptide: Importance of membrane cholesterol in protein trafficking. Biophys Chem 2022; 291:106907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
4
|
Hadjicharalambous A, Bournakas N, Newman H, Skynner MJ, Beswick P. Antimicrobial and Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Understanding Penetration for the Design of Novel Conjugate Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1636. [PMID: 36421280 PMCID: PMC9686638 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short oligopeptides that can penetrate the bacterial inner and outer membranes. Together with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), they are called membrane active peptides; peptides which can translocate across biological membranes. Over the last fifty years, attempts have been made to understand the molecular features that drive the interactions of membranes with membrane active peptides. This review examines the features of a membrane these peptides exploit for translocation, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of membrane active peptides which are important for translocation. Moreover, it presents examples of how these features have been used in recent years to create conjugates consisting of a membrane active peptide, called a "vector", attached to either a current or novel antibiotic, called a "cargo" or "payload". In addition, the review discusses what properties may contribute to an ideal peptide vector able to deliver cargoes across the bacterial outer membrane as the rising issue of antimicrobial resistance demands new strategies to be employed to combat this global public health threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hadjicharalambous
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK
| | - Nikolaos Bournakas
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK
| | - Hector Newman
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Michael J. Skynner
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK
| | - Paul Beswick
- BicycleTx Limited, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mitchell CJ, Johnson TS, Deber CM. Transmembrane peptide effects on bacterial membrane integrity and organization. Biophys J 2022; 121:3253-3262. [PMID: 35923102 PMCID: PMC9463641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As the bacterial multidrug resistance crisis continues, membrane-active antimicrobial peptides are being explored as an alternate treatment to conventional antibiotics. In contrast to antimicrobial peptides, which function by a nonspecific membrane disruption mechanism, here we describe a series of transmembrane (TM) peptides that are designed to act as drug efflux inhibitors by aligning with and out-competing a conserved TM4-TM4 homodimerization motif within bacterial small multidrug resistance proteins. The peptides contain two terminal tags: a C-terminal lysine tag to direct the peptides toward the negatively charged bacterial membrane, and an uncharged N-terminal sarcosine (N-methyl-glycine) tag to promote membrane insertion. While effective at inhibiting efflux activity, ostensibly through their designed mechanism of action, the impact of the peptides on the bacterial inner membrane remains undetermined. To evaluate the extant peptide-membrane interactions, we performed a series of biophysical measurements. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and Trp fluorescence showed that the peptides insert into the membrane generally in helical form. Interestingly, differential scanning calorimetry of the peptides added to bacterial-like membranes (POPE:POPG 3:1) revealed the peptides' ability to demix the POPE and POPG lipids, creating two pools, one of which is likely a peptide-POPG conglomerate, and the other a POPE-rich component where the native POPG content has been depleted. However, dye leakage assays confirmed that these events occur without causing significant membrane disruption both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that the peptides can target the small multidrug resistance TM4-TM4 motif without nonspecific membrane disruption. In related studies, DiOC2(3) fluorescence indicated moderate peptide-mediated reduction of the proton motive force for all peptides, including control peptides that did not display inhibitory activity. The overall findings suggest that peptides designed with suitable tags, sequence hydrophobicity, and charge distribution can be directed more generally to impact proteins whose function involves membrane-embedded protein-protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Mitchell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler S Johnson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles M Deber
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma P, Sharma S, Joshi S, Barman P, Bhatt A, Maan M, Singla N, Rishi P, Ali ME, Preet S, Saini A. Design, characterization and structure-function analysis of novel antimicrobial peptides based on the N-terminal CATH-2 fragment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12058. [PMID: 35835842 PMCID: PMC9283491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance coupled with shrinking antibiotic pipelines has increased the demand of antimicrobials with novel mechanisms of action. Therefore, researchers across the globe are striving to develop new antimicrobial substances to alleviate the pressure on conventional antibiotic therapies. Host-Defence Peptides (HDPs) and their derivatives are emerging as effective therapeutic agents against microbial resistance. In this study, five analogs (DP1-5) of the N-terminal (N-15) fragment of CATH-2 were designed based on the delicate balance between various physicochemical properties such as charge, aliphatic character, amphipathicity and hydrophobicity. By means of in-silico and in-vitro studies a novel peptide (DP1) with the sequence "RFGRFLRKILRFLKK" was found to be more effective and less toxic than the N-terminal CATH-2 peptide. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were applied for structural insights. Antimicrobial, haemolytic, and cytotoxic activities were also assessed. The resulting peptide was characterized by low cytotoxicity, low haemolytic activity, and efficient anti-microbial activity. Structurally, it displayed strong helical properties irrespective of the solvent environment and was stable in membrane-mimicking environments. Taken together, the data suggests that DP1 can be explored as a promising therapeutic agent with possible clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Shubhi Joshi
- Energy Research Centre, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Panchali Barman
- Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology (UIEAST), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Aashish Bhatt
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Mayank Maan
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Md Ehesan Ali
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Simran Preet
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India
| | - Avneet Saini
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, UT, 160014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bechtella L, Chalouhi E, Milán Rodríguez P, Cosset M, Ravault D, Illien F, Sagan S, Carlier L, Lequin O, Fuchs PFJ, Sachon E, Walrant A. Structural Bases for the Involvement of Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate in the Internalization of the Cell-Penetrating Peptide Penetratin. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1427-1439. [PMID: 35608167 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides cross cell membranes through various parallel internalization pathways. Herein, we analyze the role of the negatively charged lipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) in the internalization of Penetratin. Contributions of both inner leaflet and outer leaflet pools of PI(4,5)P2 were revealed by quantifying the internalization of Penetratin in cells treated with PI(4,5)P2 binders. Studies on model systems showed that Penetratin has a strong affinity for PI(4,5)P2 and interacts selectively with this lipid, even in the presence of other negatively charged lipids, as demonstrated by affinity photo-crosslinking experiments. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments showed that Penetratin induces lateral segregation in PI(4,5)P2-containing liposomes, which was confirmed by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. NMR experiments indicated that Penetratin adopts a stabilized helical conformation in the presence of PI(4,5)P2-containing membranes, with an orientation parallel to the bilayer plane, which was also confirmed by all-atom simulations. NMR and photo-crosslinking experiments also suggest a rather shallow insertion of the peptide in the membrane. Put together, our findings suggest that PI(4,5)P2 is a privileged interaction partner for Penetratin and that it plays an important role in Penetratin internalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Bechtella
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Edward Chalouhi
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Paula Milán Rodríguez
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marine Cosset
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Ravault
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Illien
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Carlier
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Patrick F. J. Fuchs
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UFR Sciences du Vivant, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Sachon
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Mass Spectrometry Sciences Sorbonne Université, MS3U platform, UFR 926, UFR 927, Paris 75005, France
| | - Astrid Walrant
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pirtskhalava M, Vishnepolsky B, Grigolava M, Managadze G. Physicochemical Features and Peculiarities of Interaction of AMP with the Membrane. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:471. [PMID: 34067510 PMCID: PMC8156082 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are anti-infectives that have the potential to be used as a novel and untapped class of biotherapeutics. Modes of action of antimicrobial peptides include interaction with the cell envelope (cell wall, outer- and inner-membrane). A comprehensive understanding of the peculiarities of interaction of antimicrobial peptides with the cell envelope is necessary to perform a rational design of new biotherapeutics, against which working out resistance is hard for microbes. In order to enable de novo design with low cost and high throughput, in silico predictive models have to be invoked. To develop an efficient predictive model, a comprehensive understanding of the sequence-to-function relationship is required. This knowledge will allow us to encode amino acid sequences expressively and to adequately choose the accurate AMP classifier. A shared protective layer of microbial cells is the inner, plasmatic membrane. The interaction of AMP with a biological membrane (native and/or artificial) has been comprehensively studied. We provide a review of mechanisms and results of interactions of AMP with the cell membrane, relying on the survey of physicochemical, aggregative, and structural features of AMPs. The potency and mechanism of AMP action are presented in terms of amino acid compositions and distributions of the polar and apolar residues along the chain, that is, in terms of the physicochemical features of peptides such as hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and amphiphilicity. The survey of current data highlights topics that should be taken into account to come up with a comprehensive explanation of the mechanisms of action of AMP and to uncover the physicochemical faces of peptides, essential to perform their function. Many different approaches have been used to classify AMPs, including machine learning. The survey of knowledge on sequences, structures, and modes of actions of AMP allows concluding that only possessing comprehensive information on physicochemical features of AMPs enables us to develop accurate classifiers and create effective methods of prediction. Consequently, this knowledge is necessary for the development of design tools for peptide-based antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malak Pirtskhalava
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (B.V.); (M.G.); (G.M.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rani G, Kuroda K, Vemparala S. Towards designing globular antimicrobial peptide mimics: role of polar functional groups in biomimetic ternary antimicrobial polymers. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2090-2103. [PMID: 33439212 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01896a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we study the interaction of ternary methacrylate polymers, composed of charged cationic, hydrophobic and neutral polar groups, with model bacterial membrane. Our simulation data shows that the random ternary polymers can penetrate deep into the membrane interior and partitioning of even a single polymer has a pronounced effect on the membrane structure. Lipid reorganization, on polymer binding, shows a strong affinity of the ternary polymer for anionic POPG lipids and the same is compared with the control case of binary polymers (only cationic and hydrophobic groups). While binary polymers exhibit strong propensity of acquired amphiphilic conformations upon membrane insertion, our results strongly suggest that such amphiphilic conformations are absent in the case of random ternary polymers. The ternary polymers adopt a more folded conformation, staying aligned in the direction of the membrane normal and subsequently penetrating deeper into the membrane interior suggesting a novel membrane partitioning mechanism without amphiphilic conformations. Finally, we also examine the interactions of ternary polymer aggregates with model bacterial membranes, which show that replacing some of the hydrophobic groups by polar groups leads to weakly held ternary aggregates enabling them to undergo rapid partitioning and insertion into membrane interior. Our work thus underscores the role of inclusion of polar groups into the framework of traditional binary biomimetic antimicrobial polymers and suggests different mode of partitioning into bacterial membranes, mimicking antimicrobial mechanism of globular antimicrobial peptides like Defensin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Rani
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
| | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hatzidaki E, Vlachou I, Elka A, Georgiou E, Papadimitriou M, Iliopoulos A, Papasotiriou I. The use of serum extracellular vesicles for novel small molecule inhibitor cell delivery. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 30:271-280. [PMID: 30489291 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In Research Genetic Cancer Center (RGCC), we are in the process of synthesizing a novel ERK inhibitor. We have currently synthesized an intermediate molecule, RGCC169, that needed to be tested to confirm we are using the appropriate synthetic pathways. Because of the limited solubility the compound exhibits, a strategy had to be devised for the free entrance of the molecule into the cell. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated by polyethylene glycol precipitation and identified by western blot and scanning electron microscopy. Loading was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. EV uptake was determined by fluorescent microscopy. The effect of EV-encapsulated RGCC169 was determined by MTT viability assay on MCF7 cells. RGCC169 was incorporated into EVs as shown by high-performance liquid chromatography (26.6%) and scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry peaks shifted from 100.84 to 108.79°C upon encapsulation. EVs were taken up by cells as evident from CD63 fluorescent signal inside the cell's cytoplasm. RGCC169 decreased MCF proliferation (93.5±2.2, P=0.02). EV-encapsulated RGCC169 decreased cell proliferation even further (93.5±2.2 vs. 81.6±2.8, P=0.0002). RGCC169 was successfully loaded into serum EVs possibly by incorporation into the lipid membrane. EVs were taken up by MCF7 cells possibly by endocytic pathways. Although RGCC169 significantly reduced MCF7 viability at 3 μmol/l, the same concentration of RGCC169 encapsulated into EVs decreased cells viability even further. Our findings validate the correctness of our methods and are very promising for the achievement of our final goal, that is, the synthesis of a novel cytotoxic agent.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mescola A, Ragazzini G, Alessandrini A. Daptomycin Strongly Affects the Phase Behavior of Model Lipid Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8562-8571. [PMID: 32886515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Daptomycin (DAP) is a calcium-dependent cyclic lipopeptide with great affinity for negatively charged phospholipids bearing the phosphatidylglycerol (PG) headgroup and has been used since 2003 as a last resort antibiotic in the treatment of severe infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. The first step of its mechanism of action involves the interaction with the bacterial membrane, which not only represents a physical barrier but also accommodates transmembrane proteins, such as receptors, transporters, and enzymes, whose activity is crucial for the survival of bacteria. This results in a less efficient development of resistance strategies by pathogens compared to common antibiotics that activate or inhibit biochemical pathways connected to specific target proteins. Although already on the market, the molecular mechanism of action of DAP is still a controversial subject of investigation and it is most likely the result of a combination of distinct effects. Understanding how DAP targets the membrane of pathogens could be of great help in finding its analogues that could better avoid the development of resistance. Here, exploiting fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM), we demonstrated that DAP affects the thermodynamic behavior of lipid mixtures containing PG moieties. Regardless of whether the PG lipids are in the liquid or solid phase, DAP preferably interacts with this headgroup and is able to penetrate more deeply into the lipid bilayer in the regions where this headgroup is present. In particular, considering the results of an AFM/spectroscopy investigation, DAP appears to produce a stiffening effect of the domains where PG lipids are mainly in the fluid phase, whereas it causes fluidification of the domains where PG lipids are in the solid phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gregorio Ragazzini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nuck J, Sugihara K. Mechanism of Polydiacetylene Blue-to-Red Transformation Induced by Antimicrobial Peptides. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Nuck
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kaori Sugihara
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Szigyártó IC, Mihály J, Wacha A, Bogdán D, Juhász T, Kohut G, Schlosser G, Zsila F, Urlacher V, Varga Z, Fülöp F, Bóta A, Mándity I, Beke-Somfai T. Membrane active Janus-oligomers of β 3-peptides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6868-6881. [PMID: 33042513 PMCID: PMC7504880 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01344g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of an acyclic β3-hexapeptide with alternating side chain chirality, into nanometer size oligomeric bundles showing membrane activity and hosting capacity for hydrophobic small molecules.
Self-assembling peptides offer a versatile set of tools for bottom-up construction of supramolecular biomaterials. Among these compounds, non-natural peptidic foldamers experience increased focus due to their structural variability and lower sensitivity to enzymatic degradation. However, very little is known about their membrane properties and complex oligomeric assemblies – key areas for biomedical and technological applications. Here we designed short, acyclic β3-peptide sequences with alternating amino acid stereoisomers to obtain non-helical molecules having hydrophilic charged residues on one side, and hydrophobic residues on the other side, with the N-terminus preventing formation of infinite fibrils. Our results indicate that these β-peptides form small oligomers both in water and in lipid bilayers and are stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In the presence of model membranes, they either prefer the headgroup regions or they insert between the lipid chains. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest the formation of two-layered bundles with their side chains facing opposite directions when compared in water and in model membranes. Analysis of the MD calculations showed hydrogen bonds inside each layer, however, not between the layers, indicating a dynamic assembly. Moreover, the aqueous form of these oligomers can host fluorescent probes as well as a hydrophobic molecule similarly to e.g. lipid transfer proteins. For the tested, peptides the mixed chirality pattern resulted in similar assemblies despite sequential differences. Based on this, it is hoped that the presented molecular framework will inspire similar oligomers with diverse functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imola Cs Szigyártó
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - Judith Mihály
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - András Wacha
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - Dóra Bogdán
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ; .,Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Semmelweis University , H-1092 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tünde Juhász
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - Gergely Kohut
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ; .,Institute of Chemistry , Eötvös Loránd University , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- Institute of Chemistry , Eötvös Loránd University , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zsila
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - Vlada Urlacher
- Institute of Biochemistry , Heinrich-Heine University , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group , Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Szeged , H-6720 Szeged , Hungary
| | - Attila Bóta
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ;
| | - István Mándity
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ; .,Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy , Semmelweis University , H-1092 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary . ; .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Physical Chemistry , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Oliva R, Chino M, Lombardi A, Nastri F, Notomista E, Petraccone L, Del Vecchio P. Similarities and differences for membranotropic action of three unnatural antimicrobial peptides. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3270. [PMID: 32558092 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we described the design and synthesis of three nine-residue AMPs, P9Nal(SS), P9Trp(SS), and P9Nal(SR), showing high stability in serum and broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. The peptides P9Trp(SS) and P9Nal(SR) differ from P9Nal(SS) for the replacement of the two 2Nal residues with Trp residues and for the replacement of the two Cys (StBu) with Cys (tBu) residues, respectively. These changes led to peptides with a lower hydrophobicity respect to the P9Nal(SS). Interestingly, the three peptides have very similar activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Instead, they exhibit a significant difference towards Gram-positive bacteria, being P9Nal(SS) the most active. In order to evaluate the impact of amino acids substitution on membranotropic activity and rationalize the observed effects in vivo, here, we report the detailed biophysical characterization of the interaction between P9Nal(SR) and P9Trp(SS) and liposomes by combining differential scanning calorimetry, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The comparison with the results for the previously characterized P9Nal(SS) peptide reveals similarities and differences on the interaction process and perturbation activities. It was found that the three peptides can penetrate at different extent inside the bilayer upon changing their conformation and inducing lipid domains formation, revealing that the formation of lipid domains is fundamental for the activity against Gram-negative bacteria. On the contrary, the dissimilar activity against Gram-positive bacteria well correlate with the different affinity of peptides for the lipoteichoic acid, a component selectively present in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Oliva
- Physical Chemistry I, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelina Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Nastri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Petraccone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pompea Del Vecchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Martial B, Raîche-Marcoux G, Lefèvre T, Audet P, Voyer N, Auger M. Structure of a Parkinson’s Disease-Involved α-Synuclein Peptide Is Modulated by Membrane Composition and Physical State. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3469-3481. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Martial
- Department of Chemistry, Regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines (PROTEO), Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels (CQMF), Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Raîche-Marcoux
- Department of Chemistry, Regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines (PROTEO), Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels (CQMF), Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thierry Lefèvre
- Department of Chemistry, Regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines (PROTEO), Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels (CQMF), Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Audet
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Normand Voyer
- Department of Chemistry, Regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines (PROTEO), Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michèle Auger
- Department of Chemistry, Regroupement québécois de recherche sur la fonction, l’ingénierie et les applications des protéines (PROTEO), Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels (CQMF), Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Québec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jerath G, Goyal R, Trivedi V, Santhoshkumar TR, Ramakrishnan V. Conformationally constrained peptides for drug delivery. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3244. [PMID: 32128940 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Peptides have shown great potential in acting as template for developing versatile carrier platforms in nanomedicine, aimed at selective delivery of drugs to only pathological tissues saving its normal neighbors. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short oligomeric peptides capable of translocating across the cell membrane while simultaneously employing multiple mechanisms of entry. Most CPPs exist as disordered structures in solution and may adopt a helical conformation on interaction with cell membrane, vital to their penetrative capability. Herein, we report a series of cationic helical amphipathic peptides (CHAPs), which are topologically constrained to be helical. The peptides were tested against cervical and breast cancer cells for their cell penetration and drug delivery potential. The cellular uptake of CHAP peptides is independent of temperature and energy availability. The activity of the peptides is biocompatible in bovine serum. CHAPs delivered functional methotrexate (MTX) inside the cell as CHAP-MTX conjugates. CHAP-MTX conjugates were more toxic to cancer cells than MTX alone. However, the CHAP-MTX conjugates were less toxic to HEK-293 cells compared with the cancer cells suggesting higher affinity towards cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Jerath
- Molecular Informatics and Design Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Ruchika Goyal
- Molecular Informatics and Design Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Informatics and Design Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cell-Penetrating Peptides Enhance the Activity of Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 by Prolonging the Retention Time: A New Vision for Drug-Delivery Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020442. [PMID: 32284513 PMCID: PMC7013552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are defined by their ability to deliver cargo into cells and have been studied and developed as a promising drug-delivery system (DDS). However, the issue of whether the CPPs that have already entered the cells can be re-released or reused has not been studied. The purpose of this research was to construct CPP-conjugated human fibroblast growth factor 2 (hFGF2) and investigate whether they can be re-released from the cell membrane for reuse. This study combined hFGF2 with Tat or Ara27, a newly developed CPP derived from the zinc knuckle (CCHC-type) family protein of Arabidopsis. Human dermal fibroblast (HDF) was treated with Tat-conjugated hFGF2 (tFGF2) and Ara27-conjugated hFGF2 (NR-FGF2) for both long and short durations, and the effects on cell growth were compared. Furthermore, tFGF2 and NR-FGF2 re-released from the cells were quantified and the effects were evaluated by culturing HDF in a conditioned medium. Interestingly, the proliferation of HDF increased only when NR-FGF2 was treated for 1 h in endocytosis-independent manner. After 1 h, NR-FGF2 was significantly re-released, reaching a maximum concentration at 5 h. Furthermore, increased proliferation of HDF cultured in the conditioned medium containing re-released NR-FGF2 was discovered. While previous studies have focused on the delivery of cargo and its associated applications, this study has revealed that combinations of superior CPPs and therapeutics can be expected to prolong both the retention time and the cell-penetrating capacity, even in the presence of external factors. Therefore, CPPs can be applied in the context of topical drugs and cosmetics as a new DDS approach.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Approximately 75% of all disease-relevant human proteins, including those involved in intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs), are undruggable with the current drug modalities (i.e., small molecules and biologics). Macrocyclic peptides provide a potential solution to these undruggable targets because their larger sizes (relative to conventional small molecules) endow them the capability of binding to flat PPI interfaces with antibody-like affinity and specificity. Powerful combinatorial library technologies have been developed to routinely identify cyclic peptides as potent, specific inhibitors against proteins including PPI targets. However, with the exception of a very small set of sequences, the vast majority of cyclic peptides are impermeable to the cell membrane, preventing their application against intracellular targets. This Review examines common structural features that render most cyclic peptides membrane impermeable, as well as the unique features that allow the minority of sequences to enter the cell interior by passive diffusion, endocytosis/endosomal escape, or other mechanisms. We also present the current state of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of cell penetration, the various strategies for designing cell-permeable, biologically active cyclic peptides against intracellular targets, and the assay methods available to quantify their cell-permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. Dougherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ashweta Sahni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The Contribution of Differential Scanning Calorimetry for the Study of Peptide/Lipid Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1964:3-15. [PMID: 30929231 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9179-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-active peptides include a variety of molecules such as antimicrobial (AMP), cell-penetrating (CPP), viral, and amyloid peptides that are implicated in several pathologies. They constitute important targets because they are either at the basis of novel therapies (drug delivery for CPPs or antimicrobial activity for AMPs) or they are the agents causing these pathologies (viral and amyloid peptides). They all share the common property of interacting with the cellular lipid membrane in their mode of action. Therefore, a better understanding of the peptide/lipid (P/L) interaction is essential to help decipher their mechanism of action. Among the different biophysical methods that can be used to fully characterize P/L interactions, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) allows determining the peptide effect on the lipid phase transitions, a property that reflects the P/L interaction mode. A general protocol for classical DSC experiments for P/L studies will be provided.
Collapse
|
20
|
Bechtella L, Kirschbaum C, Cosset M, Clodic G, Matheron L, Bolbach G, Sagan S, Walrant A, Sachon E. Benzophenone Photoreactivity in a Lipid Bilayer To Probe Peptide/Membrane Interactions: Simple System, Complex Information. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9102-9110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Bechtella
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse et protéomique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marine Cosset
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Clodic
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse et protéomique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lucrèce Matheron
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse et protéomique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Bolbach
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse et protéomique, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Astrid Walrant
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Sachon
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Plateforme de spectrométrie de masse et protéomique, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Role of Lipid Composition, Physicochemical Interactions, and Membrane Mechanics in the Molecular Actions of Microbial Cyclic Lipopeptides. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:131-157. [PMID: 31098678 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several experimental and theoretical studies have extensively investigated the effects of a large diversity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on model lipid bilayers and living cells. Many of these peptides disturb cells by forming pores in the plasma membrane that eventually lead to the cell death. The complexity of these peptide-lipid interactions is mainly related to electrostatic, hydrophobic and topological issues of these counterparts. Diverse studies have shed some light on how AMPs act on lipid bilayers composed by different phospholipids, and how mechanical properties of membranes could affect the antimicrobial effects of such compounds. On the other hand, cyclic lipopeptides (cLPs), an important class of microbial secondary metabolites, have received comparatively less attention. Due to their amphipathic structures, cLPs exhibit interesting biological activities including interactions with biofilms, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiviral, and anti-tumoral properties, which deserve more investigation. Understanding how physicochemical properties of lipid bilayers contribute and determining the antagonistic activity of these secondary metabolites over a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens could establish a framework to design and select effective strategies of biological control. This implies unravelling-at the biophysical level-the complex interactions established between cLPs and lipid bilayers. This review presents, in a systematic manner, the diversity of lipidated antibiotics produced by different microorganisms, with a critical analysis of the perturbing actions that have been reported in the literature for this specific set of membrane-active lipopeptides during their interactions with model membranes and in vivo. With an overview on the mechanical properties of lipid bilayers that can be experimentally determined, we also discuss which parameters are relevant in the understanding of those perturbation effects. Finally, we expose in brief, how this knowledge can help to design novel strategies to use these biosurfactants in the agronomic and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
|
22
|
Oliva R, Del Vecchio P, Grimaldi A, Notomista E, Cafaro V, Pane K, Schuabb V, Winter R, Petraccone L. Membrane disintegration by the antimicrobial peptide (P)GKY20: lipid segregation and domain formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3989-3998. [PMID: 30706924 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06280c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are membrane-active peptides with a broad spectrum of activity against different pathogenic organisms and they represent promising new drugs to overcome the emergence of resistance to antibiotics in bacteria. (P)GKY20 is an antimicrobial peptide with a low hemolytic effect on eukaryotic cells and a strong antimicrobial activity especially against Gram-negative bacteria. However, its mechanism of action is still unknown. Here, we use fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry combined with atomic force microscopy to characterise the binding of (P)GKY20 with model biomembranes and its effect on the membrane's microstructure and thermotropic properties. We found that (P)GKY20 selectively perturbs the bacterial-like membrane via a carpet-like mechanism employing peptide conformational changes, lipid segregation and domain formation as key steps in promoting membrane disruption. These results shed a first light on the action mechanism of (P)GKY20 and could represent an important contribution to the development of new peptides serving as antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Oliva
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xiang S, Xu Y, Liao X, Zheng X, Chen L, Li S. Dynamic Monitoring of the Oxidation Process of Phosphatidylcholine Using SERS Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13751-13758. [PMID: 30350609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine oxidation is closely related to many neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, Raman spectroscopy was proposed to continuously monitor the oxidation of phosphatidylcholine and provide deep understanding of this biochemical process. To increase the detection sensitivity, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with a micro-nanosilver-complex substrate was prepared by electrodeposition. The prepared SERS substrate had an enhancement factor as high as 7.8 × 107, ensuring detection sensitivity in the phosphatidylcholine-oxidation process. It was illustrated that the oxidation of phosphatidylcholine in an ethanol-water solution under the experimental conditions could be monitored and well described by second-order kinetics by continuously measuring and analyzing the SERS spectra of phosphatidylcholine-oxidation intermediates in 20 days. Meanwhile, the oxidation products were confirmed by mass spectrometry, and the oxidation process was in good concordance with mass-spectrometry detection. The use of SERS in following a biochemical process has advantages, including simple instrumentation, a low cost, a short detection time, and no sample pretreatment. Therefore, as a kind of vibration spectrum, SERS is preferable to traditional detection approaches such as MS, HPLC, and MRI for the dynamic monitoring and analysis of complex biochemical processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Xiang
- Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,International R&D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Yi Xu
- Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,School of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,International R&D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Xin Liao
- Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,International R&D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Xiangquan Zheng
- Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Technology and Systems of Ministry of Education , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,International R&D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,School of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,International R&D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| | - Shunbo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,School of Optoelectronic Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China.,International R&D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu H, Ding X, Li W, Lu T, Ma C, Xi X, Wang L, Zhou M, Burden R, Chen T. Discovery of two skin-derived dermaseptins and design of a TAT-fusion analogue with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity on healthy cells. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5635. [PMID: 30258724 PMCID: PMC6151122 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel peptides belonging to the dermaseptin family, namely DRS-CA-1 and DRS-DU-1, were encoded from cDNA libraries derived from the skin secretions of Phyllomedusa camba and Callimedusa (Phyllomedusa) duellmani. Both natural peptides are highly-conserved and exhibited high potency against wild-type Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) (MICs 4–8 µM) with no obvious hemolytic activity. Collectively these results suggest that both peptides may have potential as novel antibiotics. Additionally, DRS-DU-1 exhibited selective cytotoxicity to tumor cells. The truncated analogue, DP-1 and TAT-fused DP-1 (namely DP-2) were subsequently synthesised. It showed that DP-1 had low antimicrobial activity, no hemolytic and cytotoxicity to tumor cells. However, DP-2 possessed strong antimicrobial activity and the similar selective, no obvious hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity on normal human cells, but enhanced cytotoxicity to tumor cells of DRS-DU-1. These findings indicate that the N-terminus of the dermaseptins may contribute to their bioactivity, and that addition of the TAT peptide can improve biological activity. The results provide a new insight for designing novel peptide-based antimicrobial or anticancer agents with low hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Xiyan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tulin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengbang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Xinping Xi
- School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Burden
- School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tianbao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Avci FG, Akbulut BS, Ozkirimli E. Membrane Active Peptides and Their Biophysical Characterization. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030077. [PMID: 30135402 PMCID: PMC6164437 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, an increasing number of studies have been reported on membrane active peptides. These peptides exert their biological activity by interacting with the cell membrane, either to disrupt it and lead to cell lysis or to translocate through it to deliver cargos into the cell and reach their target. Membrane active peptides are attractive alternatives to currently used pharmaceuticals and the number of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and peptides designed for drug and gene delivery in the drug pipeline is increasing. Here, we focus on two most prominent classes of membrane active peptides; AMPs and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Antimicrobial peptides are a group of membrane active peptides that disrupt the membrane integrity or inhibit the cellular functions of bacteria, virus, and fungi. Cell penetrating peptides are another group of membrane active peptides that mainly function as cargo-carriers even though they may also show antimicrobial activity. Biophysical techniques shed light on peptide–membrane interactions at higher resolution due to the advances in optics, image processing, and computational resources. Structural investigation of membrane active peptides in the presence of the membrane provides important clues on the effect of the membrane environment on peptide conformations. Live imaging techniques allow examination of peptide action at a single cell or single molecule level. In addition to these experimental biophysical techniques, molecular dynamics simulations provide clues on the peptide–lipid interactions and dynamics of the cell entry process at atomic detail. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in experimental and computational investigation of membrane active peptides with particular emphasis on two amphipathic membrane active peptides, the AMP melittin and the CPP pVEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gizem Avci
- Bioengineering Department, Marmara University, Kadikoy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Elif Ozkirimli
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alaybeyoglu B, Sariyar Akbulut B, Ozkirimli E. pVEC hydrophobic N-terminus is critical for antibacterial activity. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3083. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begum Alaybeyoglu
- Chemical Engineering Department; Bogazici University; Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Elif Ozkirimli
- Chemical Engineering Department; Bogazici University; Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Almarwani B, Phambu EN, Alexander C, Nguyen HAT, Phambu N, Sunda-Meya A. Vesicles mimicking normal and cancer cell membranes exhibit differential responses to the cell-penetrating peptide Pep-1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1394-1402. [PMID: 29621495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) Pep-1 presents a great potential in drug delivery due to its intrinsic property to cross plasma membrane. However, its mechanism of entry into the cell remains unresolved. In this study, we compare the selectivity of Pep-1 towards vesicles mimicking normal and cancer cell membranes. The interaction was performed in a wide range of peptide-to-lipid molar ratios using infrared (IR), fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. At low peptide concentration, fluorescence experiments show that lipid-phosphatidylserine (PS) seems to enable Pep-1 translocation into cancer cell membrane as evidenced by the blue shift of its maximal emission wavelength. DSC data show that Pep-1 induces segregation of lipids. At high peptide concentration, IR data indicate that the interaction of Pep-1 is relatively stronger with normal cell membrane than with cancer cell membrane through the phosphate groups, while the interaction is weaker with normal cell membrane than with cancer cell membrane through the carbonyl groups. TGA and DSC data reveal that vesicles of normal cell membrane are thermally more stable than vesicles of cancer cell membrane. This suggests that the additional lipid PS included in cancer cell membrane has a destabilizing effect on the membrane structure. SEM images reveal that Pep-1 form superstructures including spherical particles and fibrils in the presence of both model membranes. PS seems to enhance peptide transport across cellular membranes. The biophysical techniques in this study provide valuable insights into the properties of CPPs in drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashiyar Almarwani
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Esther Nzuzi Phambu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | | | - Ha Aimee T Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Nsoki Phambu
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Anderson Sunda-Meya
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Enoki TA, Moreira-Silva I, Lorenzon EN, Cilli EM, Perez KR, Riske KA, Lamy MT. Antimicrobial Peptide K 0-W 6-Hya1 Induces Stable Structurally Modified Lipid Domains in Anionic Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2014-2025. [PMID: 29284086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering the known different mode of action of antimicrobial peptides in zwitterionic and anionic cell membranes, the present work compares the action of the antimicrobial peptide K0-W6-Hya1 (KIFGAIWPLALGALKNLIK-NH2) with zwitterionic and negatively charged model membranes, namely, liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) membranes, and a mixture of the two. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), steady state fluorescence of the Trp residue, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and measurement of the leakage of an entrapped fluorescent dye (carboxyfluorescein, CF) were performed with large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). All techniques evidenced the different action of the peptide in zwitterionic and anionic vesicles. Trp fluorescence spectroscopy shows that the differences are related not only to the partition of the cationic peptide in zwitterionic and anionic membranes, but also to the different penetration depth of the peptide into the lipid bilayers: Trp goes deeper into negatively charged membranes, both in the gel and fluid phases, than into zwitterionic ones. DSC shows that the peptide is strongly attached to anionic bilayers, giving rise to the coexistence of two different lipid regions, one depleted of peptide and another one peptide-disturbed, possibly a stable or transient polar pore, considering the leakage of CF. This contrasts with the homogeneous effect produced by the peptide in zwitterionic membranes, probably related to peptide-membrane diffusion. Moreover, in mixed bilayers (PC:PG), the peptide sequesters negatively charged lipids, creating peptide-rich anionic lipid regions, strongly disturbing the membrane. The distinct structural interaction displayed by the peptide in PC and PG membranes could be related to the different mechanisms of action of the peptide in anionic prokaryotic and zwitterionic eukaryotic cell membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais A Enoki
- Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Isabela Moreira-Silva
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, CEP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Esteban N Lorenzon
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia, GO, CEP 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo , Araraquara, SP, CEP 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Katia R Perez
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, CEP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, CEP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Lamy
- Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Phambu N, Almarwani B, Alwadai A, Phambu EN, Faciane N, Marion C, Sunda-Meya A. Calorimetric and Spectroscopic Studies of the Effects of the Cell Penetrating Peptide Pep-1 and the Antimicrobial Peptide Combi-2 on Vesicles Mimicking Escherichia coli Membrane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12908-12915. [PMID: 29039950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to measure and compare the effects of the cell penetrating peptide (CPP) Pep-1 and the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) combi-2 on vesicles of membranes mimicking Escherichia coli (E. coli). To characterize the effects of Pep-1 and combi-2 on E. coli membrane vesicles, a combination of five biophysical techniques was employed: fluorescence, infrared, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Upon addition of E. coli membranes, tryptophan fluorescence intensity of Pep-1 showed a sudden blue-shift and decreased in a nonconcentration-dependent manner while the intensity of combi-2 decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, most significantly for a very low peptide-to-lipid ratio of 1:40. Complexes of Pep-1 and combi-2 with E. coli membrane mimicking vesicles having shown a significant blue-shift in fluorescence intensity were then prepared and studied in freeze-dried states. IR results indicate that Pep-1 and combi-2 adopt a major 310-helix structure in the presence of E. coli membrane mimicking vesicles at low peptide concentration. Pep-1 and combi-2 have a similar effect on E. coli membrane mimicking vesicles at low concentration even though combi-2 is in the interfacial region of the bilayer while Pep-1 is located between the interfacial region and the hydrophobic region. Combi-2 at low concentration acts as a CPP. TGA and DSC results reveal that combi-2 has a stabilizing effect on E. coli at any concentration while Pep-1 stabilizes the E. coli membrane only at high concentration. Both peptides show a preferential interaction with one of the anionic lipids leading to clustering in E. coli membrane. SEM images reveal that Pep-1 and combi-2 form superstructures including fibrils in the presence of E. coli membrane mimicking vesicles. Calorimetric and spectroscopic techniques may be used in a complementary way with imaging techniques to gain more insights into peptide-lipid interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nsoki Phambu
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee 37209, United States
| | - Bashiyar Almarwani
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee 37209, United States
| | - Amjad Alwadai
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University , Nashville, Tennessee 37209, United States
| | - Esther N Phambu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, New York University , Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Natalie Faciane
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Carmel Marion
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Anderson Sunda-Meya
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Li S, Yu X, Zhao Y, Ouyang X, Xie Z, Li L. Transporting carriers for intracellular targeting delivery via non-endocytic uptake pathways. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:45-55. [PMID: 29069996 PMCID: PMC8812582 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1391889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop novel therapies for clinical treatments, it increasingly depends on sophisticated delivery systems that facilitate the drugs entry into targeting cells. Profound understanding of cellular uptake routes for transporting carriers promotes the optimization of performance in drug delivery systems. Although endocytic pathway is the most important part of cellular uptake routes for many delivery systems, it suffers the trouble of enzymatic degradation of transporting carriers trapped in endosomes/lysosomes. Therefore, it is desirable to develop alternative transporting methods for delivery systems via non-endocytic pathways to achieve more effective intracellular delivery. In this review, we summarize the literature exploring transporting carriers that mediate intracellular delivery via non-endocytic pathways to present the current research status in this field. Cell-penetrating peptides, pH (low) insertion peptides, and nanoparticles are categorized to exhibit their ability to directly transport various cargos into cytoplasm via non-endocytic uptake in different cell lines. It is hoped that this review can spur the interesting on development of drug delivery systems via non-endocytic uptake pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhongyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Michel JP, Wang YX, Kiesel I, Gerelli Y, Rosilio V. Disruption of Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer Models Mimicking the Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria by an Active Plasticin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11028-11039. [PMID: 28921990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is a complex and asymmetric bilayer that antimicrobial peptides must disrupt in order to provoke the cell lysis. The inner and external leaflets of the OM are mainly composed of phospholipids (PL), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. Supported lipid bilayers are interesting model systems to mimic the lipid asymmetric scaffold of the OM and determine the quantitative and mechanistic effect of antimicrobial agents, using complementary physicochemical techniques. We report the formation of asymmetric PL/LPS bilayers using the Langmuir-Blodgett/Langmuir-Schaefer technique on two different surfaces (sapphire and mica) with synthetic phospholipids constituting the inner leaflet and bacteria-extracted mutant LPS making up the outer one. The combination of neutron reflectometry and atomic force microscopy techniques allowed the examination of the asymmetric scaffold structure along the normal to the interface and its surface morphology in buffer conditions. Our results allow discrimination of two structurally related peptides, one neutral and inactive, and the other cationic and active. The active cationic plasticin PTCDA1-KF disrupts the asymmetric OM at relevant concentrations through a carpeting scenario characterized by a dramatic removal of lipid molecules from the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Michel
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
- CNRS, UMR 8612, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Y X Wang
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
- CNRS, UMR 8612, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - I Kiesel
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Y Gerelli
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - V Rosilio
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
- CNRS, UMR 8612, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Phambu N, Almarwani B, Garcia AM, Hamza NS, Muhsen A, Baidoo JE, Sunda-Meya A. Chain length effect on the structure and stability of antimicrobial peptides of the (RW)n series. Biophys Chem 2017; 227:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
33
|
Jiao CY, Sachon E, Alves ID, Chassaing G, Bolbach G, Sagan S. Exploiting Benzophenone Photoreactivity To Probe the Phospholipid Environment and Insertion Depth of the Cell-Penetrating Peptide Penetratin in Model Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Emmanuelle Sachon
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et Protéomique, IBPS, FRE3631; 7-9 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
| | - Isabel D. Alves
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Present address: Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects; University of Bordeaux, Bat. B14; allée Geoffroy St Hilaire 33600 Pessac France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Gérard Bolbach
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et Protéomique, IBPS, FRE3631; 7-9 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang SY, Sperlich B, Li FY, Al-Ayoubi S, Chen HX, Zhao YF, Li YM, Weise K, Winter R, Chen YX. Phosphorylation Weakens but Does Not Inhibit Membrane Binding and Clustering of K-Ras4B. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1703-1710. [PMID: 28448716 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
K-Ras4B is one of the most frequently mutated Ras isoforms in cancer. The signaling activity of K-Ras4B depends on its localization to the plasma membrane (PM), which is mainly mediated by its polybasic farnesylated C-terminus. On top of the constitutive cycles that maintain the PM enrichment of K-Ras4B, conditional phosphorylation at Ser181 located within this motif has been found to be involved in regulating K-Ras4B's cell distribution and signaling activity. However, discordant observations have undermined our understanding of the role this phosphorylation plays. Here, we report an efficient strategy for producing K-Ras4B simultaneously bearing phosphate, farnesyl, and methyl modifications on a preparative scale, a very useful in vitro system when used in concert with model biomembranes. By using this system, we determined that phosphorylation at Ser181 does not fully inhibit membrane binding and clustering of K-Ras4B but reduces its membrane binding affinity, depending on membrane fluidity. In addition, phosphorylated K-Ras4B maintains tight association with its cytosolic shuttle protein PDEδ. After delivering K-Ras4B containing nonhydrolyzable phosphoserine mimetic into cells, the protein displayed a decreasing PM distribution compared with nonphosphorylable K-Ras4B, implying that phosphorylation might facilitate the dissociation of K-Ras4B from the PM. In addition, phosphorylation does not alter the localization of K-Ras4B in the liquid-disordered lipid subdomains of the membrane but slightly alters the thermotropic properties of K-Ras4B-incorporated membranes probably due to minor differences in membrane partitioning and dynamics. These results provide novel mechanistic insights into the role that phosphorylation at Ser181 plays in regulating K-Ras4B's distribution and activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Benjamin Sperlich
- Physical
Chemistry I − Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fang-Yi Li
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Samy Al-Ayoubi
- Physical
Chemistry I − Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hong-Xue Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Katrin Weise
- Physical
Chemistry I − Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical
Chemistry I − Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jiao CY, Sachon E, Alves ID, Chassaing G, Bolbach G, Sagan S. Exploiting Benzophenone Photoreactivity To Probe the Phospholipid Environment and Insertion Depth of the Cell-Penetrating Peptide Penetratin in Model Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8226-8230. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Emmanuelle Sachon
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et Protéomique, IBPS, FRE3631; 7-9 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
| | - Isabel D. Alves
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Present address: Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects; University of Bordeaux, Bat. B14; allée Geoffroy St Hilaire 33600 Pessac France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Gérard Bolbach
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et Protéomique, IBPS, FRE3631; 7-9 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Antimicrobial peptide cWFW kills by combining lipid phase separation with autolysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44332. [PMID: 28276520 PMCID: PMC5343580 DOI: 10.1038/srep44332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic cyclic hexapeptide cWFW (cyclo(RRRWFW)) has a rapid bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Its detailed mode of action has, however, remained elusive. In contrast to most antimicrobial peptides, cWFW neither permeabilizes the membrane nor translocates to the cytoplasm. Using a combination of proteome analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and membrane analysis we show that cWFW instead triggers a rapid reduction of membrane fluidity both in live Bacillus subtilis cells and in model membranes. This immediate activity is accompanied by formation of distinct membrane domains which differ in local membrane fluidity, and which severely disrupts membrane protein organisation by segregating peripheral and integral proteins into domains of different rigidity. These major membrane disturbances cause specific inhibition of cell wall synthesis, and trigger autolysis. This novel antibacterial mode of action holds a low risk to induce bacterial resistance, and provides valuable information for the design of new synthetic antimicrobial peptides.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ansari AS, Santerre PJ, Uludağ H. Biomaterials for polynucleotide delivery to anchorage-independent cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7238-7261. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of various chemical vectors used for polynucleotide delivery to mammalian anchorage-independent cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysha S. Ansari
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Paul J. Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Malekar SA, Sarode AL, Bach AC, Worthen DR. The Localization of Phenolic Compounds in Liposomal Bilayers and Their Effects on Surface Characteristics and Colloidal Stability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:1468-1476. [PMID: 26842800 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions with and effects of five chemically distinct, bioactive phenolic compounds on the lipid bilayers of model dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes were investigated. Complementary analytical techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and phosphorus and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), were employed in order to determine the location of the compounds within the bilayer and to correlate location with their effects on bilayer characteristics and liposomal stability. As compared to the phenolic compounds localized in the glycerol region of the DPPC head group within the bilayer, which enhanced the colloidal stability of the liposomes, compounds located closer to the center of the bilayer reduced vesicle stability as a function of time. Molecules present in the upper region of liposomal DPPC acyl chains (C1-C10) inhibited liposomal aggregation and size increase, perhaps due to tighter packing of adjoining DPPC molecules and increased surface exposure of DPPC phosphate head groups. These data may be useful for designing liposomal systems containing hydrophobic phenols and other small molecules, selecting appropriate analytical methods for determining their location within liposomal bilayers, and predicting their effects on liposome characteristics early in the liposome formulation development process.
Collapse
|
39
|
Pennington ER, Fix A, Sullivan EM, Brown DA, Kennedy A, Shaikh SR. Distinct membrane properties are differentially influenced by cardiolipin content and acyl chain composition in biomimetic membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1859:257-267. [PMID: 27889304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) has a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial inner membrane structure. In several conditions such as heart failure and aging, there is loss of CL content and remodeling of CL acyl chains, which are hypothesized to impair mitochondrial inner membrane biophysical organization. Therefore, this study discriminated how CL content and acyl chain composition influenced select properties of simple and complex mitochondrial mimicking model membranes. We focused on monolayer excess area/molecule (a measure of lipid miscibility), bilayer phase transitions, and microdomain organization. In monolayer compression studies, loss of tetralinoleoyl [(18:2)4] CL content decreased the excess area/molecule. Replacement of (18:2)4CL acyl chains with tetraoleoyl [(18:1)4] CL or tetradocosahexaenoyl [(22:6)4] CL generally had little influence on monolayer excess area/molecule; in contrast, replacement of (18:2)4CL acyl chains with tetramyristoyl [(14:0)4] CL increased monolayer excess area/molecule. In bilayers, calorimetric studies showed that substitution of (18:2)4CL with (18:1)4CL or (22:6)4CL lowered the phase transition temperature of phosphatidylcholine vesicles whereas (14:0)4CL had no effect. Finally, quantitative imaging of giant unilamellar vesicles revealed differential effects of CL content and acyl chain composition on microdomain organization, visualized with the fluorescent probe Texas Red DHPE. Notably, microdomain areas were decreased by differing magnitudes upon lowering of (18:2)4CL content and substitution of (18:2)4CL with (14:0)4CL or (22:6)4CL. Conversely, exchanging (18:2)4CL with (18:1)4CL increased microdomain area. Altogether, these data demonstrate that CL content and fatty acyl composition differentially target membrane physical properties, which has implications for understanding how CL regulates mitochondrial activity and the design of CL-specific therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ross Pennington
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, USA; East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Mail Stop 743, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Amy Fix
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, USA
| | - E Madison Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, USA; East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Mail Stop 743, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, 1035 ILSB, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Anthony Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, East 10th Street, Mail Stop 552, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27854, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, USA; East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Mail Stop 743, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kalli AC, Rog T, Vattulainen I, Campbell ID, Sansom MSP. The Integrin Receptor in Biologically Relevant Bilayers: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Membr Biol 2016; 250:337-351. [PMID: 27465729 PMCID: PMC5579164 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric (αβ) cell surface receptors that are potential therapeutic targets for a number of diseases. Despite the existence of structural data for all parts of integrins, the structure of the complete integrin receptor is still not available. We have used available structural data to construct a model of the complete integrin receptor in complex with talin F2-F3 domain. It has been shown that the interactions of integrins with their lipid environment are crucial for their function but details of the integrin/lipid interactions remain elusive. In this study an integrin/talin complex was inserted in biologically relevant bilayers that resemble the cell plasma membrane containing zwitterionic and charged phospholipids, cholesterol and sphingolipids to study the dynamics of the integrin receptor and its effect on bilayer structure and dynamics. The results of this study demonstrate the dynamic nature of the integrin receptor and suggest that the presence of the integrin receptor alters the lipid organization between the two leaflets of the bilayer. In particular, our results suggest elevated density of cholesterol and of phosphatidylserine lipids around the integrin/talin complex and a slowing down of lipids in an annulus of ~30 Å around the protein due to interactions between the lipids and the integrin/talin F2-F3 complex. This may in part regulate the interactions of integrins with other related proteins or integrin clustering thus facilitating signal transduction across cell membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antreas C Kalli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Tomasz Rog
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland
- MEMPHYS - Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Iain D Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kristensen M, Nielsen HM. Cell-penetrating peptides as tools to enhance non-injectable delivery of biopharmaceuticals. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1178369. [PMID: 27358757 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1178369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-injectable delivery of peptide and protein drugs is hampered by their labile nature, hydrophilicity, and large molecular size; thus limiting their permeation across mucosae, which represent major biochemical and physical barriers to drugs administered via e.g. the oral, nasal, and pulmonary routes. However, in recent years cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have emerged as promising tools to enhance mucosal delivery of co-administered or conjugated peptide and protein cargo and more advanced CPP-cargo formulations are emerging. CPPs act as transepithelial delivery vectors, but the mechanism(s) by which CPPs mediate cargo translocation across an epithelium is so far poorly understood; both due to the fact that multiple factors influence the resulting uptake and trafficking mechanisms as well as to the complicated nature of sensitive studies of this. In addition to a proper mechanistic understanding, documentation of CPP-mediated delivery in higher animal species than rodent as well as extensive toxicological studies are necessary for CPP-containing non-injectable DDSs to reach the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mie Kristensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Biologics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Biologics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Alaybeyoglu B, Sariyar Akbulut B, Ozkirimli E. Insights into membrane translocation of the cell-penetrating peptide pVEC from molecular dynamics calculations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:2387-98. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1117396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begum Alaybeyoglu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Elif Ozkirimli
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Membrane interactions of proline-rich antimicrobial peptide, Chex1-Arg20, multimers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1236-43. [PMID: 26926423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens requires the development of new antibiotics. Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs), including native apidaecins, Bac7, and oncocins or designed A3APO, show multi-modal actions against pathogens together with immunostimulatory activities. The interactions of the designed PrAMP, Chex1-Arg20, and its dimeric and tetrameric oligomers with different model membranes were investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry, and dye leakage. Chex1-Arg20 oligomers showed stronger affinity and preferential binding to negatively charged phospholipid bilayers and led to lipid aggregation and neutralization. Fluorescence microscopy of negatively charged giant unilamellar vesicles with AlexFluor-647-labeled Chex1-Arg20 dimers and tetramers displayed aggregation at a peptide/lipid low ratio of 1:200 and at higher peptide concentrations (1:100/1:50) for Chex1-Arg20 monomer. Such interactions, aggregation, and neutralization of PrAMP oligomers additionally showed the importance of interactions of PrAMPs with negatively charged membranes.
Collapse
|
44
|
Kristensen M, Birch D, Mørck Nielsen H. Applications and Challenges for Use of Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Delivery Vectors for Peptide and Protein Cargos. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E185. [PMID: 26840305 PMCID: PMC4783919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrophilic nature of peptides and proteins renders them impermeable to cell membranes. Thus, in order to successfully deliver peptide and protein-based therapeutics across the plasma membrane or epithelial and endothelial barriers, a permeation enhancing strategy must be employed. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) constitute a promising tool and have shown applications for peptide and protein delivery into cells as well as across various epithelia and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). CPP-mediated delivery of peptides and proteins may be pursued via covalent conjugation of the CPP to the cargo peptide or protein or via physical complexation obtained by simple bulk-mixing of the CPP with its cargo. Both approaches have their pros and cons, and which is the better choice likely relates to the physicochemical properties of the CPP and its cargo as well as the route of administration, the specific barrier and the target cell. Besides the physical barrier, a metabolic barrier must be taken into consideration when applying peptide-based delivery vectors, such as the CPPs, and stability-enhancing strategies are commonly employed to prolong the CPP half-life. The mechanisms by which CPPs translocate cell membranes are believed to involve both endocytosis and direct translocation, but are still widely investigated and discussed. The fact that multiple factors influence the mechanisms responsible for cellular CPP internalization and the lack of sensitive methods for detection of the CPP, and in some cases the cargo, further complicates the design and conduction of conclusive mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mie Kristensen
- Section for Biologics, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ditlev Birch
- Section for Biologics, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Section for Biologics, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cell Penetrating Peptide Conjugated Chitosan for Enhanced Delivery of Nucleic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28912-30. [PMID: 26690119 PMCID: PMC4691089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy for the cure or treatment of a spectrum of genetic disorders. Nevertheless, advances in gene therapy are immensely reliant upon design of an efficient gene carrier that can deliver genetic cargoes into the desired cell populations. Among various nonviral gene delivery systems, chitosan-based carriers have gained increasing attention because of their high cationic charge density, excellent biocompatibility, nearly nonexistent cytotoxicity, negligible immune response, and ideal ability to undergo chemical conjugation. However, a major shortcoming of chitosan-based carriers is their poor cellular uptake, leading to inadequate transfection efficiency. The intrinsic feature of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) for transporting diverse cargoes into multiple cell and tissue types in a safe manner suggests that they can be conjugated to chitosan for improving its transfection efficiency. In this review, we briefly discuss CPPs and their classification, and also the major mechanisms contributing to the cellular uptake of CPPs and cargo conjugates. We also discuss immense improvements for the delivery of nucleic acids using CPP-conjugated chitosan-based carriers with special emphasis on plasmid DNA and small interfering RNA.
Collapse
|
46
|
Worch R, Piecyk K, Kolasa AB, Jankowska-Anyszka M. Translocation of 5' mRNA cap analogue--peptide conjugates across the membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1858:311-7. [PMID: 26654783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been extensively studied because of their ability to deliver various cargo molecules, which are often potential therapeutic agents. However, in most cases, the exact entry mechanism of CPPs is still unknown. In this study, we focused our attention on the membrane permeability sequence (MPS) peptide (AAVALLPAVLLALLAK) conjugated to analogues of a 5' mRNA cap. This unique RNA structure plays a pivotal role in eukaryotic gene expression and has a large therapeutic application potential. We validated the translocation abilities of conjugates across the membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) composed of POPC lipids by application of fluorescence microscopy. Translocation of the MPS peptide itself was observed in contrast to peptide conjugates containing mono- and dinucleotide cap analogues, indicating that even for such small cargos, passive translocation does not occur. However, membrane permeability was observed in the case of conjugated mononucleotides. Fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM) of the C6-NBD-phospholipid revealed changes in lipid packing induced by a penetrating peptide. Our results support the usefulness of artificial membrane systems applied to elucidate membrane crossing mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Worch
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/45, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Piecyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Brygida Kolasa
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/45, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Jankowska-Anyszka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biochemistry, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki and Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kauffman WB, Fuselier T, He J, Wimley WC. Mechanism Matters: A Taxonomy of Cell Penetrating Peptides. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:749-764. [PMID: 26545486 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The permeability barrier imposed by cellular membranes limits the access of exogenous compounds to the interior of cells. Researchers and patients alike would benefit from efficient methods for intracellular delivery of a wide range of membrane-impermeant molecules, including biochemically active small molecules, imaging agents, peptides, peptide nucleic acids, proteins, RNA, DNA, and nanoparticles. There has been a sustained effort to exploit cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) for the delivery of such useful cargoes in vitro and in vivo because of their biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, and controllable physical chemistry. Here, we discuss the many mechanisms by which CPPs can function, and describe a taxonomy of mechanisms that could be help organize future efforts in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Berkeley Kauffman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Taylor Fuselier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jing He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - William C Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Baul U, Kuroda K, Vemparala S. Interaction of multiple biomimetic antimicrobial polymers with model bacterial membranes. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:084902. [PMID: 25173040 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, interaction of multiple synthetic random copolymers based on methacrylates on prototypical bacterial membranes is investigated. The simulations show that the cationic polymers form a micellar aggregate in water phase and the aggregate, when interacting with the bacterial membrane, induces clustering of oppositely charged anionic lipid molecules to form clusters and enhances ordering of lipid chains. The model bacterial membrane, consequently, develops lateral inhomogeneity in membrane thickness profile compared to polymer-free system. The individual polymers in the aggregate are released into the bacterial membrane in a phased manner and the simulations suggest that the most probable location of the partitioned polymers is near the 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) clusters. The partitioned polymers preferentially adopt facially amphiphilic conformations at lipid-water interface, despite lacking intrinsic secondary structures such as α-helix or β-sheet found in naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upayan Baul
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alhakamy NA, Elandaloussi I, Ghazvini S, Berkland CJ, Dhar P. Effect of lipid headgroup charge and pH on the stability and membrane insertion potential of calcium condensed gene complexes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:4232-45. [PMID: 25768428 PMCID: PMC5704962 DOI: 10.1021/la504970n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalently condensed complexes of genetic material, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), and calcium chloride present a nonviral route to improve transfection efficiency of nucleic acids (e.g., pDNA and siRNA). However, the exact mechanisms of membrane insertion and delivery of macromolecule complexes to intracellular locations as well as their stability in the intracellular environment are not understood. We show that calcium condensed gene complexes containing different hydrophilic (i.e., dTAT, K9, R9, and RH9) and amphiphilic (i.e., RA9, RL9, and RW9) CPPs formed stable cationic complexes of hydrodynamic radii 100 nm at neutral pH. However, increasing the acidity caused the complexes to become neutral or anionic and increase in size. Using zwitterionic and anionic phospholipid monolayers as models that mimic the membrane composition of the outer leaflet of cell membranes and intracellular vesicles and pHs that mimic the intracellular environment, we study the membrane insertion potential of these seven gene complexes (CPP/pDNA/Ca(2+) complexes) into model membranes. At neutral pH, all gene complexes demonstrated the highest insertion potential into anionic phospholipid membranes, with complexes containing amphiphilic peptides showing the maximum insertion. However, at acidic pH, the gene complexes demonstrated maximum monolayer insertion into zwitterionic lipids, irrespective of the chemical composition of the CPP in the complexes. Our results suggest that in the neutral environment the complexes are unable to penetrate the zwitterionic lipid membranes but can penetrate through the anionic lipid membranes. However, the acidic pH mimicking the local environment in the late endosomes leads to a significant increase in adsorption of the complexes to zwitterionic lipid headgroups and decreases for anionic headgroups. These membrane-gene complex interactions may be responsible for the ability of the complexes to efficiently enter the intracellular environment through endocytosis and escape from the endosomes to effectively deliver their genetic payload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Ibrahim Elandaloussi
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Saba Ghazvini
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Cory J. Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Baul U, Vemparala S. Membrane-Bound Conformations of Antimicrobial Agents and Their Modes of Action. ADVANCES IN PLANAR LIPID BILAYERS AND LIPOSOMES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adplan.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|