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Okamoto W, Hasegawa M, Usui T, Kashima T, Sakata S, Hamano T, Onozawa H, Hashimoto R, Iwazaki M, Kohno M, Komatsu T. Hemoglobin-albumin clusters as an artificial O 2 carrier: Physicochemical properties and resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock in rats. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1827-1838. [PMID: 35191606 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A bovine hemoglobin (HbBv) or human adult hemoglobin (HbA) wrapped covalently by human serum albumins (HSAs), hemoglobin-albumin clusters (HbBv-HSA3 and HbA-HSA3 ), are artificial O2 carriers used as a red blood cell substitute. This article describes the physicochemical properties of the HbBv-HSA3 and HbA-HSA3 solutions, and their abilities to restore the systemic condition after resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized rats. The HbBv-HSA3 and HbA-HSA3 , which have high colloid osmotic activity, showed equivalent solution characteristics and O2 binding parameters. Shock was induced by 50% blood withdrawal. Rats exhibited hypotension and significant metabolic acidosis. After 15 min, the rats were administered shed autologous blood (SAB), HbBv-HSA3 , HbA-HSA3 , or Ringer's lactate (RL) solution. Survival rates, circulation parameters, hematological parameters, and blood gas parameters were monitored during the hemorrhagic shock and for 6 h after administration. All rats in the SAB, HbBv-HSA3 , and HbA-HSA3 groups survived for 6 h. The HbBv-HSA3 and HbA-HSA3 groups restored mean arterial pressure after the resuscitation. No remarkable difference was observed in the time courses of blood gas parameters in any resuscitated group except for the RL group. Serum biochemical tests showed increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the HbBv-HSA3 and HbA-HSA3 groups compared to the SAB group. Therefore, we observed other rats awakened after resuscitation with HbA-HSA3 for 7 days. The blood cell count, AST, and ALT recovered to the baseline values by 7 days. All the results implied that HbBv-HSA3 and HbA-HSA3 clusters provide restoration from hemorrhagic shock as an alternative material for SAB transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Okamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomone Usui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Sakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Hamano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Onozawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Hashimoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iwazaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsutomo Kohno
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Komatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
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An Overview of Therapy Guidelines for Cardiac Arrest and the Potential Benefits of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers. CARDIOGENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cardiogenetics12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is an unmet therapeutic need for the medical management of cardiac arrest, as is evident from the high mortality rate associated with this condition. These dire outcomes can be attributed to the severe nature and poor prognosis of this disorder. However, the current treatment modalities, while helping to augment survival, are limited and do not offer adequate improvements to outcomes. Treatment modalities are particularly lacking when considering the underlying pathophysiology of the metabolic phase of cardiac arrest. In this study, we explore the three phases of cardiac arrest and assess the factors related to positive clinical outcomes and survival for these events. Furthermore, we evaluate the present guidelines for resuscitation and recovery, the issues related to ischemia and tissue reperfusion, and the benefit of oxygen-delivery therapeutic methods including blood transfusion therapy and synthetic hemoglobins (HBOCs). The current therapy protocols are limited specifically by the lack of an efficient method of oxygen delivery to address the metabolic phase of cardiac arrest. In this article, we investigate the next generation of HBOCs and review their properties that make them attractive for their potential application in the treatment of cardiac arrest. These products may be a viable solution to address complications associated with ischemia, reperfusion injury, and organ damage.
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Charbe NB, Castillo F, Tambuwala MM, Prasher P, Chellappan DK, Carreño A, Satija S, Singh SK, Gulati M, Dua K, González-Aramundiz JV, Zacconi FC. A new era in oxygen therapeutics? From perfluorocarbon systems to haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Blood Rev 2022; 54:100927. [PMID: 35094845 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Faggiano S, Ronda L, Bruno S, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C, Bettati S, Mozzarelli A. From hemoglobin allostery to hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 84:101050. [PMID: 34776270 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) plays its vital role through structural and functional properties evolutionarily optimized to work within red blood cells, i.e., the tetrameric assembly, well-defined oxygen affinity, positive cooperativity, and heterotropic allosteric regulation by protons, chloride and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Outside red blood cells, the Hb tetramer dissociates into dimers, which exhibit high oxygen affinity and neither cooperativity nor allosteric regulation. They are prone to extravasate, thus scavenging endothelial NO and causing hypertension, and cause nephrotoxicity. In addition, they are more prone to autoxidation, generating radicals. The need to overcome the adverse effects associated with cell-free Hb has always been a major hurdle in the development of substitutes of allogeneic blood transfusions for all clinical situations where blood is unavailable or cannot be used due to, for example, religious objections. This class of therapeutics, indicated as hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), is formed by genetically and/or chemically modified Hbs. Many efforts were devoted to the exploitation of the wealth of biochemical and biophysical information available on Hb structure, function, and dynamics to design safe HBOCs, overcoming the negative effects of free plasma Hb. Unfortunately, so far, no HBOC has been approved by FDA and EMA, except for compassionate use. However, the unmet clinical needs that triggered intensive investigations more than fifty years ago are still awaiting an answer. Recently, HBOCs "repositioning" has led to their successful application in organ perfusion fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Faggiano
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Ronda
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.
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5
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Biomaterials for human space exploration: A review of their untapped potential. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:77-99. [PMID: 33962071 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As biomaterial advances make headway into lightweight radiation protection, wound healing dressings, and microbe resistant surfaces, a relevance to human space exploration manifests itself. To address the needs of the human in space, a knowledge of the space environment becomes necessary. Both an understanding of the environment itself and an understanding of the physiological adaptations to that environment must inform design parameters. The space environment permits the fabrication of novel biomaterials that cannot be produced on Earth, but benefit Earth. Similarly, designing a biomaterial to address a space-based challenge may lead to novel biomaterials that will ultimately benefit Earth. This review describes several persistent challenges to human space exploration, a variety of biomaterials that might mitigate those challenges, and considers a special category of space biomaterial. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work is a review of the major human and environmental challenges facing human spaceflight, and where biomaterials may mitigate some of those challenges. The work is significant because a broad range of biomaterials are applicable to the human space program, but the overlap is not widely known amongst biomaterials researchers who are unfamiliar with the challenges to human spaceflight. Additionaly, there are adaptations to microgravity that mimic the pathology of certain disease states ("terrestrial analogs") where treatments that help the overwhelmingly healthy astronauts can be applied to help those with the desease. Advances in space technology have furthered the technology in that field on Earth. By outlining ways that biomaterials can promote human space exploration, space-driven advances in biomaterials will further biomaterials technology.
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Kettisen K, Dicko C, Smeds E, Bülow L. Site-Specific Introduction of Negative Charges on the Protein Surface for Improving Global Functions of Recombinant Fetal Hemoglobin. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:649007. [PMID: 33859997 PMCID: PMC8042259 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.649007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its compatible oxygen-transporting abilities, hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein of interest in the development of artificial oxygen therapeutics. Despite continuous formulation attempts, extracellular Hb solution often exhibits undesirable reactions when applied in vivo. Therefore, protein engineering is frequently used to examine alternative ways of controlling the unwanted reactions linked to cell-free Hb solutions. In this study, three mutants of human fetal hemoglobin (HbF) are evaluated; single mutants αA12D and αA19D, and a double mutant αA12D/A19D. These variants were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis and recombinant production in E. coli, and carry negative charges on the surface of the α-subunit at the designated mutation sites. Through characterization of the mutant proteins, we found that the substitutions affected the protein in several ways. As expected, the isoelectric points (pIs) were lowered, from 7.1 (wild-type) down to 6.6 (double mutant), which influenced the anion exchange chromatographic procedures by shifting conditions toward higher conductivity for protein elution. The biological and physiological properties of HbF could be improved by these small modifications on the protein surface. The DNA cleavage rate associated with native HbF could be reduced by 55%. In addition, the negatively charged HbF mutant had an extended circulation time when examined in a mouse model using top load Hb additions. At the same time, the mutations did not affect the overall structural integrity of the HbF molecule, as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. In combination with circular dichroism and thermal stability, modest structural shifts imposed by the mutations could possibly be related to changes in secondary structure or reorganization. Such local deformations were too minor to be determined within the resolution of the structural data; and overall, unchanged oxidation and heme loss kinetics support the conclusion that the mutations did not adversely affect the basic structural properties of Hb. We confirm the value of adding negatively charged residues onto the surface of the protein to improve the global functions of recombinant Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kettisen
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cedric Dicko
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emanuel Smeds
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Bülow
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
In blood, the primary role of red blood cells (RBCs) is to transport oxygen via highly regulated mechanisms involving hemoglobin (Hb). Hb is a tetrameric porphyrin protein comprising of two α- and two β-polypeptide chains, each containing an iron-containing heme group capable of binding one oxygen molecule. In military as well as civilian traumatic exsanguinating hemorrhage, rapid loss of RBCs can lead to suboptimal tissue oxygenation and subsequent morbidity and mortality. In such cases, transfusion of whole blood or RBCs can significantly improve survival. However, blood products including RBCs present issues of limited availability and portability, need for type matching, pathogenic contamination risks, and short shelf-life, causing substantial logistical barriers to their prehospital use in austere battlefield and remote civilian conditions. While robust research is being directed to resolve these issues, parallel research efforts have emerged toward bioengineering of semisynthetic and synthetic surrogates of RBCs, using various cross-linked, polymeric, and encapsulated forms of Hb. These Hb-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) can potentially provide therapeutic oxygenation when blood or RBCs are not available. Several of these HBOCs have undergone rigorous preclinical and clinical evaluation, but have not yet received clinical approval in the USA for human use. While these designs are being optimized for clinical translations, several new HBOC designs and molecules have been reported in recent years, with unique properties. The current article will provide a comprehensive review of such HBOC designs, including current state-of-the-art and novel molecules in development, along with a critical discussion of successes and challenges in this field.
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Current Challenges in the Development of Acellular Hemoglobin Oxygen Carriers by Protein Engineering. Shock 2020; 52:28-40. [PMID: 29112633 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the key biochemical mechanisms that govern O2 transport, NO scavenging, and oxidative degradation of acellular hemoglobin (Hb) and how these ideas have been used to try to develop strategies to engineer safer and more effective hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). Significant toxicities due to acellular Hb have been observed after the administration of HBOCs or after the lysis of red cells, and include rapid clearance and kidney damage due to dissociation into dimers, haptoglobin binding, and macrophage activation; early O2 release leading to decreased tissue perfusion in capillary beds; interference with endothelial and smooth muscle signaling due to nitric oxide (NO) scavenging; autooxidization of heme iron followed by production of reactive oxygen species; and iron overload symptoms due to hemin loss, globin denaturation, iron accumulation, and further inflammation. Protein engineering can be used to mitigate some of these side effects, but requires an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the biochemical and biophysical features of Hb that regulate quaternary structure, O2 affinity, NO dioxygenation, and resistance to oxidation, hemin loss, and unfolding.
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Sakai H, Leong C. Prolonged functional life span of artificial red cells in blood circulation by repeated methylene blue injections. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:3123-3128. [PMID: 31352837 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1645157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin-vesicles (HbVs) are artificial oxygen carriers encapsulating purified and concentrated hemoglobin solution in phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) and their safety and efficacy as a transfusion alternative have been evaluated. Because of the absence of enzymatic methemoglobin reduction system in HbV, the level of ferric methemoglobin (metHb) increases gradually after intravenous administration. Our previous studies clarified that the glycolytic electron energies, charged as NAD(P)H in red blood cells (RBC), are donated to reduce metHb compartmentalized in HbV via a water-soluble electron mediator such as methylene blue [MB; 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazinium chloride], which freely shuttle across both RBC biomembrane and HbV lipid membrane. Herein, we tried to test repeated injections of MB after the massive HbV administration (28 mL/kg) to hemorrhagic shocked Wistar rats (n = 3). MB was injected (3.1 mg/kg) at 7, 24 and 48 h after HbV administration. Every MB injection showed rapid reduction of metHb and gradual reversal increase. As a result, the functional life span of HbV was significantly extended over 60 h. It is expected that further optimization of injection scheduling will decrease the total amount of MB and prolong the functional life span of HbV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Sakai
- a Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University , Kashihara , Japan.,b Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore , Helios , Singapore
| | - Cassandra Leong
- b Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore , Helios , Singapore.,c School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic , Singapore , Singapore.,d Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
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10
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Iwasaki H, Yokomaku K, Kureishi M, Igarashi K, Hashimoto R, Kohno M, Iwazaki M, Haruki R, Akiyama M, Asai K, Nakamura Y, Funaki R, Morita Y, Komatsu T. Hemoglobin–albumin cluster: physiological responses after exchange transfusion into rats and blood circulation persistence in dogs. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:S621-S629. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1505740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yokomaku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moeka Kureishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Igarashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Hashimoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Mitsutomo Kohno
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iwazaki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Risa Haruki
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motofusa Akiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Asai
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Advanced Technology Development Center, Kyoritsu Seiyaku Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Funaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Komatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Morita Y, Yamada T, Kureishi M, Kihira K, Komatsu T. Quaternary Structure Analysis of a Hemoglobin Core in Hemoglobin–Albumin Cluster. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:12031-12039. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitsugu Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Taiga Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Moeka Kureishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Kihira
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Komatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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12
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Boehme J, Le Moan N, Kameny RJ, Loucks A, Johengen MJ, Lesneski AL, Gong W, Goudy BD, Davis T, Tanaka K, Davis A, He Y, Long-Boyle J, Ivaturi V, Gobburu JVS, Winger JA, Cary SP, Datar SA, Fineman JR, Krtolica A, Maltepe E. Preservation of myocardial contractility during acute hypoxia with OMX-CV, a novel oxygen delivery biotherapeutic. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005924. [PMID: 30335746 PMCID: PMC6193608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart exhibits the highest basal oxygen (O2) consumption per tissue mass of any organ in the body and is uniquely dependent on aerobic metabolism to sustain contractile function. During acute hypoxic states, the body responds with a compensatory increase in cardiac output that further increases myocardial O2 demand, predisposing the heart to ischemic stress and myocardial dysfunction. Here, we test the utility of a novel engineered protein derived from the heme-based nitric oxide (NO)/oxygen (H-NOX) family of bacterial proteins as an O2 delivery biotherapeutic (Omniox-cardiovascular [OMX-CV]) for the hypoxic myocardium. Because of their unique binding characteristics, H-NOX–based variants effectively deliver O2 to hypoxic tissues, but not those at physiologic O2 tension. Additionally, H-NOX–based variants exhibit tunable binding that is specific for O2 with subphysiologic reactivity towards NO, circumventing a significant toxicity exhibited by hemoglobin (Hb)-based O2 carriers (HBOCs). Juvenile lambs were sedated, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented to measure cardiovascular parameters. Biventricular admittance catheters were inserted to perform pressure-volume (PV) analyses. Systemic hypoxia was induced by ventilation with 10% O2. Following 15 minutes of hypoxia, the lambs were treated with OMX-CV (200 mg/kg IV) or vehicle. Acute hypoxia induced significant increases in heart rate (HR), pulmonary blood flow (PBF), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (p < 0.05). At 1 hour, vehicle-treated lambs exhibited severe hypoxia and a significant decrease in biventricular contractile function. However, in OMX-CV–treated animals, myocardial oxygenation was improved without negatively impacting systemic or PVR, and both right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) contractile function were maintained at pre-hypoxic baseline levels. These data suggest that OMX-CV is a promising and safe O2 delivery biotherapeutic for the preservation of myocardial contractility in the setting of acute hypoxia. While hemoglobin is the primary oxygen delivery molecule used to maintain tissue oxygenation in metazoans, many organisms have other heme-containing proteins that can bind oxygen and other diatomic gases. Here, we tested whether a member of the H-NOX family of heme-containing proteins found in the thermostable bacterium Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis can be engineered to deliver oxygen to severely hypoxic tissues in large mammals. This class of molecules has the advantage of high oxygen affinity and minimal nitric oxide reactivity. We demonstrate that these molecules can effectively deliver oxygen to a lamb heart with induced severe hypoxia, without overexposing the animal to oxygen or triggering systemic vascular reactivity. These molecules thus represent a novel class of oxygen delivery biotherapeutics to specifically target hypoxic tissue beds without the toxicity concerns of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. As tissue hypoxia is a central feature of many disease processes, this therapeutic approach may have broad clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Boehme
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Natacha Le Moan
- Omniox, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca J. Kameny
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Michael J. Johengen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Lesneski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Wenhui Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Goudy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tina Davis
- Omniox, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Tanaka
- Omniox, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Davis
- Omniox, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Youping He
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Janel Long-Boyle
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development (iPD3), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Vijay Ivaturi
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development (iPD3), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Jogarao V. S. Gobburu
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development (iPD3), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | | | - Stephen P. Cary
- Omniox, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
| | - Sanjeev A. Datar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development (iPD3), San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ana Krtolica
- Omniox, Inc., San Carlos, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AK); (EM)
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Initiative for Pediatric Drug and Device Development (iPD3), San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AK); (EM)
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13
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Yokomaku K, Akiyama M, Morita Y, Kihira K, Komatsu T. Core-shell protein clusters comprising haemoglobin and recombinant feline serum albumin as an artificial O 2 carrier for cats. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2417-2425. [PMID: 32254458 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the synthesis and structure of core-shell protein clusters comprising haemoglobin (Hb) at the centre and recombinant feline serum albumin (rFSA) at the exterior, named as haemoglobin-albumin clusters (Hb-rFSA3). Specifically, we highlight their capability as an artificial O2 carrier that can be used as a red blood cell (RBC) substitute for cats, the most populous pet animal in the world. First, rFSA was expressed by genetic engineering using Pichia yeast. The proteins show identical features to the native FSA derived from feline plasma. Single crystals of rFSA were prepared under a microgravity environment on the international space station (ISS), from which the structure was first revealed at 3.4 Å resolution. Subsequently, bovine Hb was wrapped covalently by rFSA using an α-succinimidyl-ε-maleimide crosslinker, yielding Hb-rFSA3 clusters. Three rFSA entities enfolded the Hb nuclei satisfactorily, giving the protein clusters a negative surface net charge (pI = 4.7) and preventing an immunological response against anti-Hb antibodies. The O2 affinity was higher (P50 = 9 Torr) than that of the native Hb. The Hb-rFSA3 clusters are anticipated for use as an alternative material for RBC transfusion, and as an O2 therapeutic reagent that can be exploited in various veterinary medicine scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yokomaku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
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Sen Gupta A. Bio-inspired nanomedicine strategies for artificial blood components. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 9:10.1002/wnan.1464. [PMID: 28296287 PMCID: PMC5599317 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood is a fluid connective tissue where living cells are suspended in noncellular liquid matrix. The cellular components of blood render gas exchange (RBCs), immune surveillance (WBCs) and hemostatic responses (platelets), and the noncellular components (salts, proteins, etc.) provide nutrition to various tissues in the body. Dysfunction and deficiencies in these blood components can lead to significant tissue morbidity and mortality. Consequently, transfusion of whole blood or its components is a clinical mainstay in the management of trauma, surgery, myelosuppression, and congenital blood disorders. However, donor-derived blood products suffer from issues of shortage in supply, need for type matching, high risks of pathogenic contamination, limited portability and shelf-life, and a variety of side-effects. While robust research is being directed to resolve these issues, a parallel clinical interest has developed toward bioengineering of synthetic blood substitutes that can provide blood's functions while circumventing the above problems. Nanotechnology has provided exciting approaches to achieve this, using materials engineering strategies to create synthetic and semi-synthetic RBC substitutes for enabling oxygen transport, platelet substitutes for enabling hemostasis, and WBC substitutes for enabling cell-specific immune response. Some of these approaches have further extended the application of blood cell-inspired synthetic and semi-synthetic constructs for targeted drug delivery and nanomedicine. The current study provides a comprehensive review of the various nanotechnology approaches to design synthetic blood cells, along with a critical discussion of successes and challenges of the current state-of-art in this field. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1464. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1464 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Alayash AI. Hemoglobin-Based Blood Substitutes and the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease: More Harm than Help? Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010002. [PMID: 28054978 PMCID: PMC5372714 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense efforts have been made by both industry and academia over the last three decades to produce viable hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), also known as “blood substitutes”. Human trials conducted so far by several manufactures in a variety of clinical indications, including trauma, and elective surgeries have failed and no product has gained the Food and Drug Administration approval for human use. Safety concerns due to frequent incidences of hemodynamic, cardiac events, and even death led to the termination of some of these trials. Several second generation HBOC products that have been chemically and/or genetically modified (or in some cases ligated with carbon monoxide (CO)) found a new clinical application in conditions as complex as sickle cell disease (SCD). By virtue of higher oxygen affinity (P50) (R-state), and smaller size, HBOCs may be able to reach the microvasculature unload of oxygen to reverse the cycles of sickling/unsickling of the deoxy-sickle cell Hb (HbS) (T-state), thus preventing vaso-occlusion, a central event in SCD pathophysiology. However, biochemically, it is thought that outside the red blood cell (due to frequent hemolysis), free HbS or infused HBOCs are capable of interfering with a number of oxidative and signaling pathways and may, thus, negate any benefit that HBOCs may provide. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using HBOCs in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20993, USA.
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Yamada K, Yokomaku K, Kureishi M, Akiyama M, Kihira K, Komatsu T. Artificial Blood for Dogs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36782. [PMID: 27830776 PMCID: PMC5103191 DOI: 10.1038/srep36782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no blood bank for pet animals. Consequently, veterinarians themselves must obtain "blood" for transfusion therapy. Among the blood components, serum albumin and red blood cells (RBCs) are particularly important to save lives. This paper reports the synthesis, structure, and properties of artificial blood for the exclusive use of dogs. First, recombinant canine serum albumin (rCSA) was produced using genetic engineering with Pichia yeast. The proteins showed identical features to those of the native CSA derived from canine plasma. Furthermore, we ascertained the crystal structure of rCSA at 3.2 Å resolution. Pure rCSA can be used widely for numerous clinical and pharmaceutical applications. Second, hemoglobin wrapped covalently with rCSA, hemoglobin-albumin cluster (Hb-rCSA3), was synthesized as an artificial O2-carrier for the RBC substitute. This cluster possesses satisfactorily negative surface net charge (pI = 4.7), which supports enfolding of the Hb core by rCSA shells. The anti-CSA antibody recognized the rCSA exterior quantitatively. The O2-binding affinity was high (P50 = 9 Torr) compared to that of the native Hb. The Hb-rCSA3 cluster is anticipated for use as an alternative material for RBC transfusion, and as an O2 therapeutic reagent that can be exploited in various veterinary medicine situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yokomaku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Moeka Kureishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Motofusa Akiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Kihira
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Komatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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17
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Le Cœur C, Combet S, Carrot G, Busch P, Teixeira J, Longeville S. Conformation of the Poly(ethylene Glycol) Chains in DiPEGylated Hemoglobin Specifically Probed by SANS: Correlation with PEG Length and in Vivo Efficiency. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:8402-8410. [PMID: 26153251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers have long been proposed as blood substitutes but their clinical use remains tricky due to problems of inefficiency and/or toxicity. Conjugation of Hb with the biocompatible polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) greatly improved their performance. However, physiological data suggested a polymer molecular weight (Mw) threshold of about 10 kDa, beyond which the grafting of two PEG chains no longer improves efficiency and nontoxicity of diPEG/Hb conjugates. We used small-angle neutron scattering and contrast variation, which are the only techniques able to probe separately the conformation of PEG chains and Hb protein within the complex, to investigate the role of PEG chain conformation in diPEGylated Hb conjugates as a function of the polymer Mw. We found out that the structure of Hb tetramer is not modified by the polymer grafting. Similarly, with a constant grafting of two chains per protein, there is no significant change of the Gaussian conformation between free and grafted PEG below ∼10 kDa, the complex being well described by the "dumbbell" model. However, beyond that threshold, the radius of gyration of grafted PEG is significantly smaller than that of the free polymer, showing a compaction of the PEG chains, either in the "dumbbell" model or in the "shroud" one. In the latter model, the polymer may be wrapped on the surface of the protein spreading a protective "shielding" effect over a larger fraction of the protein. Both proposed models are in good agreement with the physiological data reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Le Cœur
- †Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (LLB), UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Sophie Combet
- †Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (LLB), UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Géraldine Carrot
- †Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (LLB), UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Peter Busch
- ‡Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - José Teixeira
- †Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (LLB), UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Stéphane Longeville
- †Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (LLB), UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
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18
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Singh S, Dubinsky-Davidchik IS, Yang Y, Kluger R. Subunit-directed click coupling via doubly cross-linked hemoglobin efficiently produces readily purified functional bis-tetrameric oxygen carriers. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11118-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sequential cross-linking leads to CuAAC phase-directed protein–protein coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Singh
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | | | - Ying Yang
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Ronald Kluger
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
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Weiskopf RB. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers: disclosed history and the way ahead: the relativity of safety. Anesth Analg 2014; 119:758-760. [PMID: 25232689 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Weiskopf
- From the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California
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20
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Zhang S, Luo N, Li S, Zhou W, Liu J, Yang C, Xu X, Gong G, Liu Y, Wu W, Li T. Inhibition of BKCa channel currents in vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to HBOC-induced vasoconstriction. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:178-81. [PMID: 24983386 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.930746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The exact mechanism of hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC)-related vasoactivity is still unclear. This study measured the isometric tension of dog arteries and large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BKCa) channel currents in vascular smooth muscle cells after exposure to HBOC with increasing concentrations. Data indicated that the net tensions of arteries were dramatically elevated and this elevation was more prominent in coronary artery. Moreover, HBOC exhibited inhibitory effect on BKCa channel, which is strongly correlated with changes in vascular tension. Collectively, HBOC-induced vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner and inhibition of BKCa channel is at least partially contributing to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- a Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Nanfu Luo
- b Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
| | - Shen Li
- c Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zhou
- c Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- c Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Chengmin Yang
- c Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- a Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Gu Gong
- d Department of Anesthesiology , Chengdu Military General Hospital , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Yinghai Liu
- d Department of Anesthesiology , Chengdu Military General Hospital , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- d Department of Anesthesiology , Chengdu Military General Hospital , Chengdu , P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- b Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , P. R. China
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Alayash AI. Blood substitutes: why haven't we been more successful? Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:177-85. [PMID: 24630491 PMCID: PMC4418436 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistent safety concerns have stalled the development of viable hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). HBOCs have several advantages over human blood, including availability, long-term storage, and lack of infectious risk. The basis of HBOC toxicity is poorly understood, however, several mechanisms have been suggested, including Hb extravasation across the blood vessel wall, scavenging of endothelial nitric oxide (NO), oversupply of oxygen, and heme-mediated oxidative side reactions. Although there are some in vitro and limited animal studies supporting these mechanisms, heme-mediated reactivity appears to provide an alternative path that can explain some of the observed pathophysiological changes. Moreover, recent mechanistic and animal studies support a role for globin and heme scavengers in controlling oxidative toxicity associated with Hb infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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22
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Meng F, Tsai AG, Intaglietta M, Acharya SA. PEGylation of αα-Hb using succinimidyl propionic acid PEG 5K: Conjugation chemistry and PEG shell structure dictate respectively the oxygen affinity and resuscitation fluid like properties of PEG αα-Hbs. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 43:270-81. [PMID: 24597567 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.885443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PEGylation of intramolecularly crosslinked Hb has been studied here to overcome the limitation of dissociation of Hb tetramers. New hexa and deca PEGylated low oxygen affinity PEG-ααHbs have been generated. Influence of PEG conjugation chemistry and the PEG shell structure on the functional properties as well as PEGylation induced plasma expander like properties of the protein has been delineated. The results have established that in the design of PEG-Hbs as oxygen therapeutics, the influence of conjugation chemistry and the PEG shell structure on the oxygen affinity of Hb needs to be optimized independently besides optimizing the PEG shell structure for inducing resuscitation fluid like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantao Meng
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University , Bronx, NY , USA
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23
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Modery-Pawlowski CL, Tian LL, Pan V, Sen Gupta A. Synthetic Approaches to RBC Mimicry and Oxygen Carrier Systems. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:939-48. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400074t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lewis L. Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106,
United States
| | - Victor Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106,
United States
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106,
United States
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24
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Koehler RC. Boosting oxygenation during acute respiratory failure. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:140fs21. [PMID: 22745435 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A new microparticle-based oxygen-delivery technology has been developed for short-term resuscitation of pulmonary function (Kheir et al., this issue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 North Wolfe Street/Blalock 1404, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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25
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The use of the Revised Trauma Score as an entry criterion in traumatic hemorrhagic shock studies: data from the DCLHb clinical trials. Prehosp Disaster Med 2012; 27:330-44. [PMID: 22840198 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x12000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Revised Trauma Score (RTS) has been proposed as an entry criterion to identify patients with mid-range survival probability for traumatic hemorrhagic shock studies. HYPOTHESIS/PROBLEM Determination of which of four RTS strata (1-3.99, 2-4.99, 1-4.99, and 2-5.99) identifies patients with predicted and actual mortality rates near 50% for use as an entry criterion in traumatic hemorrhagic shock clinical trials. METHODS Existing database analysis in which demographic and injury severity data from two prior international Diaspirin Cross-Linked Hemoglobin (DCLHb) clinical trials were used to identify an RTS range that could be an optimal entry criterion in order to find the population of trauma patients with mid-range predicted and actual mortality rates. RESULTS Of 208 study patients, the mean age was 37 years, 65% sustained blunt trauma, 49% received DCLHb, and 57% came from the European Union study arm. The mean values were: ISS, 31 (SD = 18); RTS, 5.6 (SD = 1.8); and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), 10.4 (SD = 4.8). The mean TRISS-predicted mortality was 34% and the actual 28-day mortality was 35%. The initially proposed 1-3.99 RTS range (n = 41) had the highest predicted (79%) and actual (71%) mortality rates. The 2-5.99 RTS range (n = 79) had a 62% predicted and 53% actual mortality, and included 76% blunt trauma patients. Removal of GCS <5 patients from this RTS 2-5.99 subgroup caused a 48% further reduction in eligible patients, leaving 41 patients (20% of 208 total patients), 66% of whom sustained a blunt trauma injury. This subgroup had 54% predicted and 49% actual mortality rates. Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis found the GCS to be as predictive of mortality as the RTS, both in the total patient population and in the RTS 2-5.99 subgroup. CONCLUSION The use of an RTS 2-5.99 inclusion criterion range identifies a traumatic hemorrhagic shock patient subgroup with predicted and actual mortality that approach the desired 50% rate. The exclusion of GCS <5 from this RTS 2-5.99 subgroup patients yields a smaller, more uniform patient subgroup whose mortality is more likely related to hemorrhagic shock than traumatic brain injury. Future studies should examine whether the RTS or other physiologic criteria such as the GCS score are most useful as traumatic hemorrhagic shock study entry criteria.
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Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers for hemorrhagic shock. Resuscitation 2012; 83:285-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Monodisperse 130 kDa and 260 kDa Recombinant Human Hemoglobin Polymers as Scaffolds for Protein Engineering of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:61-78. [PMID: 24956516 PMCID: PMC4031019 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant 130 kDa dihemoglobin which is made up of a single-chain tetra-α globin and four β globins has been expressed as a soluble protein in E. coli. The sequence of the single chain tetra-α is: αI-Gly-αII-(SerGlyGly)5Ser-αIII-Gly-αIV. This dihemoglobin has been purified and characterized in vitro by size exclusion chromatography, electrospray mass spectroscopy, equilibrium oxygen binding, and analytical ultracentrifugation. The observed values of P50 and nmax for the dihemoglobin are slightly lower than those observed for the recombinant hemoglobin rHb1.1 (a “monohemoglobin” comprised of two β globins and an αI-Gly-αII diα-globin chain). Titration of the deoxy form of dihemoglobin with CO shows that all eight heme centers bind ligand.In vivo, dihemoglobin showed increased circulating halflife and a reduced pressor response in conscious rats when compared to rHb1.1. These observations suggest that dihemoglobin is an oxygen carrying molecule with desirable in vivo properties and provides a platform for an isooncotic hemoglobin solution derived solely from a recombinant source. A 260 kDa tetrahemoglobin has also been produced by chemical crosslinking of a dihemoglobin that contains a Lys16Cys mutation in the C-terminal α-globin subunit. Tetrahemoglobin also shows reduced vasoactivity in conscious rats that is comparable to that observed for dihemoglobin.
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Coppola D, Bruno S, Ronda L, Viappiani C, Abbruzzetti S, di Prisco G, Verde C, Mozzarelli A. Low affinity PEGylated hemoglobin from Trematomus bernacchii, a model for hemoglobin-based blood substitutes. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 12:66. [PMID: 22185675 PMCID: PMC3268738 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-12-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Conjugation of human and animal hemoglobins with polyethylene glycol has been widely explored as a means to develop blood substitutes, a novel pharmaceutical class to be used in surgery or emergency medicine. However, PEGylation of human hemoglobin led to products with significantly different oxygen binding properties with respect to the unmodified tetramer and high NO dioxygenase reactivity, known causes of toxicity. These recent findings call for the biotechnological development of stable, low-affinity PEGylated hemoglobins with low NO dioxygenase reactivity. Results To investigate the effects of PEGylation on protein structure and function, we compared the PEGylation products of human hemoglobin and Trematomus bernacchii hemoglobin, a natural variant endowed with a remarkably low oxygen affinity and high tetramer stability. We show that extension arm facilitated PEGylation chemistry based on the reaction of T. bernacchii hemoglobin with 2-iminothiolane and maleimido-functionalyzed polyethylene glycol (MW 5000 Da) leads to a tetraPEGylated product, more homogeneous than the corresponding derivative of human hemoglobin. PEGylated T. bernacchii hemoglobin largely retains the low affinity of the unmodified tetramer, with a p50 50 times higher than PEGylated human hemoglobin. Moreover, it is still sensitive to protons and the allosteric effector ATP, indicating the retention of allosteric regulation. It is also 10-fold less reactive towards nitrogen monoxide than PEGylated human hemoglobin. Conclusions These results indicate that PEGylated hemoglobins, provided that a suitable starting hemoglobin variant is chosen, can cover a wide range of oxygen-binding properties, potentially meeting the functional requirements of blood substitutes in terms of oxygen affinity, tetramer stability and NO dioxygenase reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Coppola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Harrington JP, Wollocko H. Molecular Design Properties of OxyVita Hemoglobin, a New Generation Therapeutic Oxygen Carrier: A Review. J Funct Biomater 2011; 2:414-24. [PMID: 24956452 PMCID: PMC4030918 DOI: 10.3390/jfb2040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OxyVita Hb is a new generation hemoglobin based oxygen carrier (HBOC) produced through modification of a zero-linked polymerization mechanism using activators which incorporate cross-linked bovine tetramer hemoglobin into "super-polymeric" macromolecules (Average molecular weight = 17 MDa) for the purpose of oxygen delivery when whole blood or packed red cells are not available. This molecular design approach was generated in order to address several fundamental biochemical and physiological weaknesses of previous generations of HBOCs. Observation during pre-clinical and clinical studies provided evidence that these early generation acellular HBOCs were directly associated with loss of retention within the circulatory system, extravasation across endothelial tissue membranes due to their small molecular size leading to arterial and venous vasoconstriction with coupled increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP). The inherent increase in molecular size and structural stability of the OxyVita Hb is a direct response to addressing these serious weaknesses that have occurred during the evolution of HBOC development within the past two decades. The nature of the zero-linked synthetic route eliminates any chemical linkers remaining in the product, eliminating side reaction concerns, such as reversibility and decomposition due to weak chemical bonds, dependency on temperature and pressure, and residual toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Harrington
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, New Paltz, NY 12561, USA.
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30
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Small-volume resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock using high-molecular-weight tense-state polymerized hemoglobins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 71:798-807. [PMID: 21336190 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3182028ab0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the role of plasma oxygen carrying capacity during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock (HS). METHODS Hemodynamic responses to small-volume resuscitation from HS with hypertonic saline followed by infusion of ultrahigh-molecular-weight tense-state polymerized hemoglobins (PolyHbs) were studied in the hamster window chamber model. HS was induced by withdrawing 50% of the blood volume (BV), and hypovolemic state was maintained for 1 hour. Resuscitation was implemented by infusion of hypertonic saline (3.5% of BV) followed by 10% of BV infusion of polymerized human Hb (PolyHbhum, P50=49 mm Hg), polymerized bovine Hb (PolyHbbov, P50=40 mm Hg), or human serum albumin (HSA), all at 10 g/dL. Resuscitation was monitored over 90 minutes. RESULTS PolyHbhum elicited higher arterial pressure, produced vasoconstriction, and decreased perfusion. In contrast, PolyHbbov and HSA exhibited lower blood pressure and partially restored perfusion and functional capillary density compared with PolyHbhum. Blood gas parameters showed a pronounced recovery after resuscitation with PolyHbbov compared with both PolyHbhum and HSA. Tissue PO2 was significantly improved in the PolyHbbov group, showing that the moderate increase in P50 of PolyHbbov compared with hamster blood (P50=32 mm Hg) was beneficial during resuscitation. However, an excessive increase in oxygen release between the central and peripheral circulation, as induced by PolyHbhum produced vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion, limiting the benefits of additional oxygen carrying capacity. CONCLUSIONS Appropriately engineered PolyHb will enhance/reinstate oxygenation, without hypertension or vasoconstriction, to be used in situations where blood transfusion is not logistically feasible.
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Polynitroxylated pegylated hemoglobin: a novel neuroprotective hemoglobin for acute volume-limited fluid resuscitation after combined traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic hypotension in mice. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:494-505. [PMID: 21169820 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318206b1fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resuscitation of hemorrhagic hypotension after traumatic brain injury is challenging. A hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier may offer advantages. The novel therapeutic hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, polynitroxylated pegylated hemoglobin (PNPH), may represent a neuroprotective hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier for traumatic brain injury resuscitation. HYPOTHESES 1) PNPH is a unique non-neurotoxic hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier in neuronal culture and is neuroprotective in in vitro neuronal injury models. 2) Resuscitation with PNPH would require less volume to restore mean arterial blood pressure than lactated Ringer's or Hextend and confer neuroprotection in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury plus hemorrhagic hypotension. DESIGN Prospective randomized, controlled experimental study. SETTING University center. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In rat primary cortical neuron cultures, control bovine hemoglobin was neurotoxic (lactate dehydrogenase release; 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay) at concentrations from 12.5 to 0.625 μM, whereas polyethylene glycol-conjugated hemoglobin showed intermediate toxicity. PNPH was not neurotoxic (p<.05 vs. bovine hemoglobin and polyethylene glycol hemoglobin; all concentrations). PNPH conferred neuroprotection in in vitro neuronal injury (glutamate/glycine exposure and neuronal stretch), as assessed via lactate dehydrogenase and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (all p<.05 vs. control). C57BL6 mice received controlled cortical impact followed by hemorrhagic hypotension (2 mL/100 g, mean arterial blood pressure ∼35-40 mm Hg) for 90 min. Mice were resuscitated (mean arterial blood pressure>50 mm Hg for 30 min) with lactated Ringer's, Hextend, or PNPH, and then shed blood was reinfused. Mean arterial blood pressures, resuscitation volumes, blood gasses, glucose, and lactate were recorded. Brain sections at 7 days were examined via hematoxylin and eosin and Fluoro-Jade C (identifying dying neurons) staining in CA1 and CA3 hippocampus. Resuscitation with PNPH or Hextend required less volume than lactated Ringer's (both p<.05). PNPH but not Hextend improved mean arterial blood pressure vs. lactated Ringer's (p<.05). Mice resuscitated with PNPH had fewer Fluoro-Jade C positive neurons in CA1 vs. Hextend and lactated Ringer's, and CA3 vs. Hextend (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS PNPH is a novel neuroprotective hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier in vitro and in vivo that may offer unique advantages for traumatic brain injury resuscitation.
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van der Linden P, Gazdzik TS, Jahoda D, Heylen RJ, Skowronski JC, Pellar D, Kofranek I, Górecki AZ, Fagrell B, Keipert PE, Hardiman YJ, Levy H. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter Study of MP4OX for Treatment of Perioperative Hypotension in Patients Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroplasty Under Spinal Anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2011; 112:759-73. [PMID: 21317165 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31820c7b5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li TH, Jing XB, Huang YB. Synthesis of the hemoglobin-conjugated polymer micelles by click chemistry as the oxygen carriers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Safo MK, Ahmed MH, Ghatge MS, Boyiri T. Hemoglobin-ligand binding: understanding Hb function and allostery on atomic level. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:797-809. [PMID: 21396487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The major physiological function of hemoglobin (Hb) is to bind oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to the tissues. This function is regulated and/or made efficient by endogenous heterotropic effectors. A number of synthetic molecules also bind to Hb to alter its allosteric activity. Our purpose is to review the current state of Hb structure and function that involves ensemble of tense and relaxed hemoglobin states and the dynamic equilibrium of the multistate due to the binding of endogenous heterotropic or synthetic allosteric effectors. The review also discusses the atomic interactions of synthetic ligands with the function or altered allosteric function of Hb that could be potentially harnessed for the treatment of diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Structure and Function in the Crystalline State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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Li T, Jing X, Huang Y. Polymer/hemoglobin assemblies: biodegradable oxygen carriers for artificial red blood cells. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:865-75. [PMID: 21312333 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In routine clinical procedures, blood transfusion is now suffering from the defects of the blood products, like cross-matching, short storage time and virus infection. Various blood substitutes have been designed by researchers through continual efforts. With recent progress in nanotechnology, new types of artificial red blood cells with cellular structure are available. This article aims to describe some artificial red blood cells which encapsulate or conjugate hemoglobin molecules through various approaches, especially the nanoscale self-assembly technique, to mitigate the adverse effects of free hemoglobin molecules. These types of artificial red blood cell systems, which make use of biodegradable polymers as matrix materials, show advantages over the traditional types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taihang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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Lui FE, Kluger R. Reviving artificial blood: meeting the challenge of dealing with NO scavenging by hemoglobin. Chembiochem 2011; 11:1816-24. [PMID: 20661989 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francine E Lui
- Department of Chemistry, Davenport Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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Pre-clinical studies using OxyVita hemoglobin, a zero-linked polymeric hemoglobin: a review. J Artif Organs 2010; 13:183-8. [PMID: 21127928 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-010-0528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) are being developed to provide the oxygen necessary in clinical situations when whole blood is not available. The safety and effectiveness of each HBOC must be determined before clinical approval. In the past several years animal studies have been conducted with zero-linked polymers to evaluate their effectiveness at delivering oxygen in vivo. Studies have addressed issues associated with interstitial extravasation, cerebral ischemia and blood flow, resuscitation, and coagulation interactions. Several of the investigations reviewed are based on early preparations of zero-linked polymerized bovine hemoglobins (ZL-HbBv), which contained a wide range of high-molecular-weight polymers. Recent studies using the Oxyvita product OxyVita Hb, which contains a more homogenous population (97%) of large-molecular-weight species (~17 MDa), are also included in this review.
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Reeder BJ. The redox activity of hemoglobins: from physiologic functions to pathologic mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1087-123. [PMID: 20170402 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pentacoordinate respiratory hemoproteins such as hemoglobin and myoglobin have evolved to supply cells with oxygen. However, these respiratory heme proteins are also known to function as redox enzymes, reacting with compounds such as nitric oxide and peroxides. The recent discoveries of hexacoordinate hemoglobins in vertebrates and nonsymbiotic plants suggest that the redox activity of globins is inherent to the molecule. The uncontrolled formation of radical species resulting from such redox chemistry on respiratory hemoproteins can lead to oxidative damage and cellular toxicity. In this review, we examine the functions of various globins and the mechanisms by which these globins act as redox enzymes under physiologic conditions. Evidence that redox reactions also occur under disease conditions, leading to pathologic complications, also is examined, focusing on recent discoveries showing that the ferryl oxidation state of these hemoproteins is present in these disease states in vivo. In addition, we review the latest advances in the understanding of globin redox mechanisms and how they might affect cellular signaling pathways and how they might be controlled therapeutically or, in the case of hemoglobin-based blood substitutes, through rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Reeder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, England.
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Nadithe V, Bae YH. Synthesis and characterization of hemoglobin conjugates with antioxidant enzymes via poly(ethylene glycol) cross-linker (Hb-SOD-CAT) for protection from free radical stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 47:603-13. [PMID: 20723561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) conjugated with the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), by employing dicarboxymethylated poly(ethylene glycol), was designed for protection of hemoglobin against free radicals. In this study, the conjugation process was confirmed by employing SDS-PAGE and SEC techniques. The average molecular weight of the conjugates was estimated to be around 1000 kDa. The enzymatic activities of the SOD and CAT in the conjugates (Hb-SOD-CAT) after conjugation were found to retain greater than 70% and 90% of the original bioactivity. Results show that antioxidant enzymes helped minimize methemoglobin (non-carrier of oxygen) formation during the conjugation process and also during storage at 4°C over a period of 1 month. In summary, the optimized (1:10 Hb/PEG) crosslinked conjugates with antioxidant enzymes showed protective properties from severe free radical stresses when incubated with hydrogen peroxide (0.1 and 1 mM) and xanthine (1 mM)/xanthine oxidase (10 and 20 mU/ml) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatareddy Nadithe
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 421 Wakara Way, Suite 315, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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40
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A novel nano-sized bionic function interface for enhancing the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Harrington JP, Wollocko J, Kostecki E, Wollocko H. Physicochemical Characteristics of OxyVita Hemoglobin, a Zero-Linked Polymer: Liquid and Powder Preparations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 39:12-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2010.501753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin infusion did not influence base deficit and lactic acid levels in two clinical trials of traumatic hemorrhagic shock patient resuscitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 68:1158-71. [PMID: 20145575 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3181bbfaac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) has demonstrated a pressor effect that could adversely affect traumatic hemorrhagic shock patients through diminished perfusion to vital organs, causing base deficit (BD) and lactate abnormalities. METHODS Data from two parallel, multicenter traumatic hemorrhagic shock clinical trials from 17 US Emergency Departments and 27 European Union prehospital services using DCLHb, a hemoglobin-based resuscitation fluid. RESULTS In the 219 patients, the mean age was 37.3 years, 64% of the patients sustained a blunt injury, 48% received DCLHb resuscitation, and the overall 28-day mortality rate was 36.5%. BD data did not differ by treatment group (DCLHb vs. normal saline [NS]) at any time point. Study entry BD was higher in patients who died when compared with survivors in both studies (US: -14.7 vs. -9.3 and European Union: -11.1 vs. -4.1 mEq/L, p < 0.003) and at the first three time points after resuscitation. No differences in BD based on treatment group were observed in either those who survived or those who died from the hemorrhagic shock. US lactate data did not differ by treatment group (DCLHb vs. NS) at any time point. Study entry lactates were higher in US patients who ultimately died when compared with survivors (82.4 vs. 56.1 mmol/L, p < 0.003) and at all five postresuscitation time points. No lactate differences were observed between DCLHb and NS survivors or in those who died based on treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Although patients who died had more greatly altered perfusion than those who survived, DCLHb treatment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock patients was not associated with BD or lactate abnormalities that would indicate poor perfusion.
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The lack of consistent diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin infusion blood pressure effects in the US and EU traumatic hemorrhagic shock clinical trials. Shock 2010; 33:123-33. [PMID: 20092028 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181ac482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin solutions have demonstrated a pressor effect that could adversely affect hemorrhagic shock patient resuscitation through accelerated hemorrhage, diminished perfusion, or inadequate resuscitation. Data from two parallel, multicenter traumatic hemorrhagic shock clinical trials in 17 US emergency departments and in 27 EU prehospital systems using diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb), a hemoglobin-based resuscitation fluid. In the 219 patients, patients were 37 years old, 64% sustained blunt injury, 48% received DCLHb, and 36% expired. Although mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure values differed at 2 of the 10 measured time points, blood pressure (BP) curve analysis showed no SBP, diastolic blood pressure, or MAP differences based on treatment. Although SBP values 160 and 120 mmHg or greater were 2.2x and 2.6x more frequently noted in survivors, they were not more common with DCLHb use or in DCLHb patients who expired in US study nonsurvivors or in any EU study patients. Systolic blood pressure values 160 and 120 mmHg or greater were 2.8x and 1.3x more frequently noted in DCLHb survivors as compared with normal saline survivors. Only 3% of the BP variation noted could be attributed to DCLHb use, and as expected, injury severity and baseline physiologic status were stronger predictors. In the United States alone, treatment group was not correlated by regression with BP at any time point. Neither mean BP readings nor elevated BP readings were correlated with DCLHb treatment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock patients. As such, no clinically demonstrable DCLHb pressor effect could be directly related to the adverse mortality outcome observed in the US study.
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Lui FE, Kluger R. Enhancing nitrite reductase activity of modified hemoglobin: bis-tetramers and their PEGylated derivatives. Biochemistry 2010; 48:11912-9. [PMID: 19894773 DOI: 10.1021/bi9014105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The clinical evaluation of stabilized tetrameric hemoglobin as alternatives to red cells revealed that the materials caused significant increases in blood pressure and related problems and this was attributed to the scavenging of nitric oxide and extravasation. The search for materials with reduced vasoactivity led to the report that conjugates of hemoglobin tetramers and polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains did not elicit these pressor effects. However, this material does not deliver oxygen efficiently due to its lack of cooperativity and high oxygen affinity, making it unsuitable as an oxygen carrier. It has been recently reported that PEG-conjugated hemoglobin converts nitrite to nitric oxide at a faster rate than does the native protein, which may compensate for the scavenging of nitric oxide. It is therefore important to alter hemoglobin in order to enhance nitrite reductase activity while retaining its ability to deliver oxygen. If the beneficial effect of PEG is associated with the increased size reducing extravasation, this can also be achieved by coupling cross-linked tetramers to one another, giving materials with appropriate oxygen affinity and cooperativity for use as circulating oxygen carriers. In the present study it is shown that cross-linked bis-tetramers with good oxygen delivery potential have enhanced nitrite reductase activity with k(obs) = 0.70 M(-1) s(-1) (24 degrees C), compared to native protein and cross-linked tetramers, k(obs) = 0.25 M(-1) s(-1) and k(obs) = 0.52 M(-1) s(-1), respectively, but are less active in reduction of nitrite than Hb-PEG5K(2) (k(obs) = 2.5 M(-1) s(-1)). However, conjugation of four PEG chains to the bis-tetramer (at each beta-Cys-93) produces a material with greatly increased nitrite reductase activity (k(obs) = 1.8 M(-1) s(-1)) while retaining cooperativity (P(50) = 4.1, n(50) = 2.4). Thus, PEGylated bis-tetramers combine increased size and enhanced nitrite reductase activity expected for decreased vasoactivity with characteristics of an acceptable HBOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine E Lui
- Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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Meng F, Manjula BN, Tsai AG, Cabrales P, Intaglietta M, Smith PK, Prabhakaran M, Acharya SA. Hexa-thiocarbamoyl phenyl PEG5K Hb: vasoactivity and structure: influence of rigidity of the conjugation linkage on the PEGylation induced plasma expander-like solution properties of PEG-Hb adducts. Protein J 2009; 28:199-212. [PMID: 19653083 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-009-9185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new hexaPEGylated hemoglobin, (TCP-PEG5K)(6)-Hb (TCP, thiocarbamoyl phenyl) has been developed using PEG-phenyl-isothiocyanate and its vasoactivity and structure has been investigated. Of the six PEG5K chains of (TCP-PEG5K)(6)-Hb, 4 are conjugated to the alpha-amino groups of Hb, and the other 2 chains are distributed on epsilon-amino groups, identified as Lys-40(alpha) (approximately 45%), Lys-56(alpha) (approximately 25%), and Lys-8(beta) (approximately 24%). The studies with hamster infused with a bolus of a 4 gm % solution of (TCP-PEG5K)(6)-Hb equivalent to 10% of their blood volume have established that this new hexaPEGylated Hb is vasoinactive. The viscosity and the colloidal osmotic pressure of (TCP-PEG5K)(6)-Hb at 4% is 1.9 cP and 69.7 mmHg, respectively. The molecular radius of (TCP-PEG5K)(6)-Hb is about 4.6 nm and is significantly smaller than hexaPEGylated Hbs developed using other direct and extension arm facilitated PEGylation platform. The presence of an outside the central cavity intramolecular crosslink, succinimidophenyl-PEG2K between Cys-93(beta, beta') in (TCP-PEG5K)(6)-betabeta-Hb strongly impacts its solution properties. These patterns of influence suggest that the inter-dimeric interactions in (TCP-PEG5K)(6)-Hb is weakened just as with other direct PEGylation platforms, and (SP-PEG5K)(6)-Hb generated by EAF-PEGylation is unique in not inducing this effect. A comparison of the properties of hexaPEGylated Hbs establishes that rigidity of the conjugation linkage between PEG and Hb plays a significant influence on the resultant dictating solution properties and/structure/conformation of PEG-Hb adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantao Meng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA
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Sodium nitrite therapy attenuates the hypertensive effects of HBOC-201 via nitrite reduction. Biochem J 2009; 422:423-32. [PMID: 19555351 DOI: 10.1042/bj20090735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension secondary to scavenging of NO remains a limitation in the use of HBOCs (haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers). Recent studies suggest that nitrite reduction to NO by deoxyhaemoglobin supports NO signalling. In the present study we tested whether nitrite would attenuate HBOC-mediated hypertension using HBOC-201 (Biopure), a bovine cross-linked, low-oxygen-affinity haemoglobin. In a similar way to unmodified haemoglobin, deoxygenated HBOC-201 reduced nitrite to NO with rates directly proportional to the extent of deoxygenation. The functional importance of HBOC-201-dependent nitrite reduction was demonstrated using isolated aortic rings and a murine model of trauma, haemorrhage and resuscitation. In the former, HBOC-201 inhibited NO-donor and nitrite-dependent vasodilation when oxygenated. However, deoxygenated HBOC-201 failed to affect nitrite-dependent vasodilation but still inhibited NO-donor dependent vasodilation, consistent with a model in which nitrite-reduction by deoxyHBOC-201 counters NO scavenging. Finally, resuscitation using HBOC-201, after trauma and haemorrhage, resulted in mild hypertension ( approximately 5-10 mmHg). Administration of a single bolus nitrite (30-100 nmol) at the onset of HBOC-201 resuscitation prevented hypertension. Nitrite had no effect on mean arterial pressure during resuscitation with LR (lactated Ringer's solution), suggesting a role for nitrite-HBOC reactions in attenuating HBOC-mediated hypertension. Taken together these data support the concept that nitrite can be used as an adjunct therapy to prevent HBOC-dependent hypertension.
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Jia Y, Alayash AI. Effects of cross-linking and zero-link polymerization on oxygen transport and redox chemistry of bovine hemoglobin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1794:1234-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cho GS, Choi IY, Choi YK, Kim SK, Cai Y, Nho K, Lee JC. Attenuated Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Polyethylene Glycol-Conjugated Hemoglobin. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2009.17.3.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Asmundson AL, Taber AM, van der Walde A, Lin DH, Olson JS, Anthony-Cahill SJ. Coexpression of human alpha- and circularly permuted beta-globins yields a hemoglobin with normal R state but modified T state properties. Biochemistry 2009; 48:5456-65. [PMID: 19397368 DOI: 10.1021/bi900216p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a circularly permuted human beta-globin (cpbeta) has been coexpressed with human alpha-globin in bacterial cells and shown to associate to form alpha-cpbeta hemoglobin in solution. Flash photolysis studies of alpha-cpbeta show markedly biphasic CO and O(2) kinetics with the amplitudes for the fast association phases being dominant due the presence of large amounts of high-affinity liganded hemoglobin dimers. Extensive dimerization of liganded but not deoxygenated alpha-cpbeta was observed by gel chromatography. The rate constants for O(2) and CO binding to the R state forms of alpha-cpbeta are almost identical to those of native HbA (k'(R(CO)) approximately 5.0 microM(-1) s(-1); k'(R(O(2))) approximately 50 microM(-1) s(-1)), and the rate of O(2) dissociation from fully oxygenated alpha-cpbeta is also very similar to that observed for HbA (k(R(O(2))) approximately 21-28 s(-1)). When the equilibrium deoxyHb form of alpha-cpbeta is reacted with CO in rapid mixing experiments, the observed time courses are monophasic and the observed bimolecular association rate constant is approximately 1.0 microM(-1) s(-1), which is intermediate between the R state rate measured in partial photolysis experiments (approximately 5 microM(-1) s(-1)) and that observed for T state deoxyHbA (k'(T(CO)) approximately 0.1 to 0.2 microM(-1) s(-1)). Thus the deoxygenated permutated beta subunits generate an intermediate, higher affinity, deoxyHb quaternary state. This conclusion is supported by equilibrium oxygen binding measurements in which alpha-cpbeta exhibits a P(50) of approximately 1.5 mmHg and a low n-value (approximately 1.3) at pH 7, 20 degrees C, compared to 8.5 mmHg and n approximately 2.8 for native HbA under identical, dilute conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Asmundson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225-9150, USA
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Will fixing the vasoactivity caused by hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers be enough?*. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:2125-6. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181a5e521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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