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Liu X, Zhang P, Gu Y, Guo Q, Liu Y. Type H vessels: functions in bone development and diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1236545. [PMID: 38033859 PMCID: PMC10687371 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1236545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type H vessels are specialized blood vessels found in the bone marrow that are closely associated with osteogenic activity. They are characterized by high expression of endomucin and CD31. Type H vessels form in the cancellous bone area during long bone development to provide adequate nutritional support for cells near the growth plate. They also influence the proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitors and osteoclasts in a paracrine manner, thereby creating a suitable microenvironment to facilitate new bone formation. Because of the close relationship between type H vessels and osteogenic activity, it has been found that type H vessels play a role in the physiological and pathological processes of bone diseases such as fracture healing, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, and tumor bone metastasis. Moreover, experimental treatments targeting type H vessels can improve the outcomes of these diseases. Here, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms related to type H vessels and their associated osteogenic activities, which are helpful in further understanding the role of type H vessels in bone metabolism and will provide a theoretical basis and ideas for comprehending bone diseases from the vascular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Peilin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyue Guo
- Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yonggan Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
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2
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Dragoni S, Turowski P. Vascular Signalling. Cells 2023; 12:2038. [PMID: 37626847 PMCID: PMC10453014 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In all vertebrates, closed blood and open lymph circulatory systems are essential for the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to tissues, waste clearance, and immune function [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dragoni
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Patric Turowski
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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3
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Torres-Espin A, Rabadaugh H, Fitzsimons S, Harvey D, Chou A, Lindberg C, Casaletto KB, Goldberger L, Staffaroni AM, Maillard P, Miller BL, DeCarli C, Hinman JD, Ferguson AR, Kramer JH, Elahi FM. Sexually dimorphic differences in angiogenesis markers predict brain aging trajectories. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.16.549192. [PMID: 37503183 PMCID: PMC10370093 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant angiogenesis could contribute to cognitive impairment, representing a therapeutic target for preventing dementia. However, most angiogenesis studies focus on model organisms. To test the relevance of angiogenesis to human cognitive aging, we evaluated associations of circulating blood markers of angiogenesis with brain aging trajectories in two deeply phenotyped human cohorts (n=435, age 74 + 9) with longitudinal cognitive assessments, biospecimens, structural brain imaging, and clinical data. Machine learning and traditional statistics revealed sex dimorphic associations of plasma angiogenic growth factors with brain aging outcomes. Specifically, angiogenesis is associated with higher executive function and less brain atrophy in younger women (not men), a directionality of association that reverses around age 75. Higher levels of basic fibroblast growth factor, known for pleiotropic effects on multiple cell types, predicted favorable cognitive trajectories. This work demonstrates the relevance of angiogenesis to brain aging with important therapeutic implications for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Scandium-44 Radiolabeled Peptide and Peptidomimetic Conjugates Targeting Neuropilin-1 Co-Receptor as Potential Tools for Cancer Diagnosis and Anti-Angiogenic Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020564. [PMID: 36831099 PMCID: PMC9953004 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis, resulting from an imbalance between anti- and pro-angiogenic factors, plays a pivotal role in tumor growth, development and metastasis. The inhibition of the angiogenesis process by the VEGF/VEGFR-2/NRP-1 pathway raises interest in the search for such interaction inhibitors for the purpose of the early diagnosis and treatment of angiogenesis-dependent diseases. In this work we designed and tested peptide-based radiocompounds that selectively bind to the neuropilin-1 co-receptor and prevent the formation of the pro-angiogenic VEGF-A165/NRP-1 complex. Three biomolecules, A7R and retro-inverso DR7A peptides, and the branched peptidomimetic Lys(hArg)-Dab-Pro-Arg (K4R), conjugated with macrocyclic chelator through two linkers' types, were labeled with theranostic scandium-44 radionuclide, and studied in vitro as potential targeted radiopharmaceuticals. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) studies showed no negative effect of the introduced biomolecules' changes and high NRP-1 affinity in the case of A7R- and K4R-radiocompounds and a lack affinity for DR7A-radiocompounds. All radiopeptides showed a hydrophilic nature as well as high stability against ligand exchange reactions in cysteine/histidine solutions. Unfortunately, all radiocompounds showed unsatisfactory nano-scale stability in human serum, especially for use as therapeutic radioagents. Further work is ongoing and focused on the search for angiogenesis inhibitors that are more human serum stable.
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Pretorius D, Richter RP, Anand T, Cardenas JC, Richter JR. Alterations in heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis and sulfation and the impact on vascular endothelial function. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 16:100121. [PMID: 36160687 PMCID: PMC9494232 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx attached to the apical surface of vascular endothelial cells is a rich network of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and glycoproteins with instrumental roles in vascular homeostasis. Given their molecular complexity and ability to interact with the intra- and extracellular environment, heparan sulfate proteoglycans uniquely contribute to the glycocalyx's role in regulating endothelial permeability, mechanosignaling, and ligand recognition by cognate cell surface receptors. Much attention has recently been devoted to the enzymatic shedding of heparan sulfate proteoglycans from the endothelial glycocalyx and its impact on vascular function. However, other molecular modifications to heparan sulfate proteoglycans are possible and may have equal or complementary clinical significance. In this narrative review, we focus on putative mechanisms driving non-proteolytic changes in heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression and alterations in the sulfation of heparan sulfate side chains within the endothelial glycocalyx. We then discuss how these specific changes to the endothelial glycocalyx impact endothelial cell function and highlight therapeutic strategies to target or potentially reverse these pathologic changes.
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Key Words
- ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- CLP, cecal ligation and puncture
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- EXT, Exostosin
- EXTL, Exostosin-like glycosyltransferase
- FFP, Fresh frozen plasma
- FGF, Fibroblast growth factor
- FGFR1, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1
- GAG, Glycosaminoglycan
- GPC, Glypican
- Gal, Galactose
- GlcA, Glucuronic acid
- GlcNAc, N-actetyl glucosamine
- Glycocalyx
- HLMVEC, Human lung microvascular endothelial cell
- HS, Heparan sulfate
- HS2ST, Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase
- HS3ST, Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase
- HS6ST, Heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase
- HSPG, Heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- HUVEC, Human umbilical vein endothelial cell
- Heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NDST, N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SDC, Syndecan
- Sulf, Endosulfatase
- Sulfation
- Synthesis
- TNFα, Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- UA, Hexuronic acid
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vascular endothelium
- XYLT, Xylosyltransferase
- Xyl, Xylose
- eGCX, Endothelial glycocalyx
- eNOS, Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pretorius
- Division of Trauma & Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Robert P. Richter
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Tanya Anand
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burn & Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jessica C. Cardenas
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Translational Injury Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jillian R. Richter
- Division of Trauma & Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Di Maggio N, Banfi A. The osteo-angiogenic signaling crosstalk for bone regeneration: harmony out of complexity. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 76:102750. [PMID: 35841865 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In recent years it has been increasingly appreciated that blood vessels are not simply suppliers of nutrients and oxygen, but actually play an exquisite regulatory role in bone development and repair. A specialized kind of endothelium, named type H because of its high expression of CD31 and Endomucin, constitutes anatomically defined vessels in proximity of the epiphyseal growth plate. Type H endothelium regulates the proliferation and differentiation of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts through the secretion of angiocrine signals and is a hub for the bidirectional molecular crosstalk between the different cell populations of the osteogenic microenvironment. Type H vessels are a key target for current translational approaches aiming at coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis for bone repair. Open questions remain about their presence and features in notstereotyped tissues, like engineered osteogenic grafts, and the opportunities for their clinical stimulation by pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Di Maggio
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Basel University Hospital, Switzerland.
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Cholenic acid derivative UniPR1331 impairs tumor angiogenesis via blockade of VEGF/VEGFR2 in addition to Eph/ephrin. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:908-917. [PMID: 34426652 PMCID: PMC9293752 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones, is crucial for tumor growth and metastatization, and is considered a promising therapeutic target. Unfortunately, drugs directed against a specific proangiogenic growth factor or receptor turned out to be of limited benefit for oncology patients, likely due to the high biochemical redundancy of the neovascularization process. In this scenario, multitarget compounds that are able to simultaneously tackle different proangiogenic pathways are eagerly awaited. UniPR1331 is a 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-cholenic acid derivative, which is already known to inhibit Eph-ephrin interaction. Here, we employed an analysis pipeline consisting of molecular modeling and simulation, surface plasmon resonance spectrometry, biochemical assays, and endothelial cell models to demonstrate that UniPR1331 directly interacts with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) too. The binding of UniPR1331 to VEGFR2 prevents its interaction with the natural ligand vascular endothelial growth factor and subsequent autophosphorylation, signal transduction, and in vitro proangiogenic activation of endothelial cells. In vivo, UniPR1331 inhibits tumor cell-driven angiogenesis in zebrafish. Taken together, these data shed light on the pleiotropic pharmacological effect of UniPR1331, and point to Δ5-cholenic acid as a promising molecular scaffold for the development of multitarget antiangiogenic compounds.
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Masłowska K, Witkowska E, Tymecka D, Halik PK, Misicka A, Gniazdowska E. Synthesis, Physicochemical and Biological Study of Gallium-68- and Lutetium-177-Labeled VEGF-A 165/NRP-1 Complex Inhibitors Based on Peptide A7R and Branched Peptidomimetic. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010100. [PMID: 35056995 PMCID: PMC8779334 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a surface receptor found on many types of cancer cells. The overexpression of NRP-1 and its interaction with vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF165) are associated with tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, compounds that block the VEGF165/NRP-1 interaction represent a promising strategy to image and treat NRP-1-related pathologies. The aim of the presented work was to design and synthesize radioconjugates of two known peptide-type inhibitors of the VEGF165/NRP-1 complex: A7R peptide and its shorter analog, the branched peptidomimetic Lys(hArg)-Dab-Pro-Arg. Both peptide-type inhibitors were coupled to a radionuclide chelator (DOTA) via a linker (Ahx) and so radiolabeled with Ga-68 and Lu-177 radionuclides, for diagnostic and therapeutic uses, respectively. The synthesized radioconjugates were tested for their possible use as theranostic-like radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of cancers that overexpress NRP-1. The obtained results indicate good efficiency of the radiolabeling reaction and satisfactory stability, at least 3t1/2 for the 68Ga- and 1t1/2 for the 177Lu-radiocompounds, in solutions mimicking human body fluids. However, enzymatic degradation of both the studied inhibitors caused insufficient stability of the radiocompounds in human serum, indicating that further modifications are needed to sufficiently stabilize the peptidomimetics with inhibitory properties against VEGF165/NRP-1 complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Masłowska
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.H.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Ewa Witkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.W.); (D.T.)
| | - Dagmara Tymecka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.W.); (D.T.)
| | - Paweł Krzysztof Halik
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.H.); (E.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Misicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.W.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Ewa Gniazdowska
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.H.); (E.G.)
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9
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Depetris RS, Lu D, Polonskaya Z, Zhang Z, Luna X, Tankard A, Kolahi P, Drummond M, Williams C, Ebert MCCJC, Patel JP, Poyurovsky MV. Functional antibody characterization via direct structural analysis and information-driven protein-protein docking. Proteins 2021; 90:919-935. [PMID: 34773424 PMCID: PMC9544432 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Detailed description of the mechanism of action of the therapeutic antibodies is essential for the functional characterization and future optimization of potential clinical agents. We recently developed KD035, a fully human antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). KD035 blocked VEGF‐A, and VEGF‐C‐mediated VEGFR2 activation, as demonstrated by the in vitro binding and competition assays and functional cellular assays. Here, we report a computational model of the complex between the variable fragment of KD035 (KD035(Fv)) and the domains 2 and 3 of the extracellular portion of VEGFR2 (VEGFR2(D2‐3)). Our modeling was guided by a priori experimental information including the X‐ray structures of KD035 and related antibodies, binding assays, target domain mapping and comparison of KD035 affinity for VEGFR2 from different species. The accuracy of the model was assessed by molecular dynamics simulations, and subsequently validated by mutagenesis and binding analysis. Importantly, the steps followed during the generation of this model can set a precedent for future in silico efforts aimed at the accurate description of the antibody–antigen and more broadly protein–protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Lu
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Zhikai Zhang
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xenia Luna
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Pegah Kolahi
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC, New York, New York, USA
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Jarahian M, Marofi F, Maashi MS, Ghaebi M, Khezri A, Berger MR. Re-Expression of Poly/Oligo-Sialylated Adhesion Molecules on the Surface of Tumor Cells Disrupts Their Interaction with Immune-Effector Cells and Contributes to Pathophysiological Immune Escape. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5203. [PMID: 34680351 PMCID: PMC8534074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans linked to surface proteins are the most complex biological macromolecules that play an active role in various cellular mechanisms. This diversity is the basis of cell-cell interaction and communication, cell growth, cell migration, as well as co-stimulatory or inhibitory signaling. Our review describes the importance of neuraminic acid and its derivatives as recognition elements, which are located at the outermost positions of carbohydrate chains linked to specific glycoproteins or glycolipids. Tumor cells, especially from solid tumors, mask themselves by re-expression of hypersialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), neuropilin-2 (NRP-2), or synaptic cell adhesion molecule 1 (SynCAM 1) in order to protect themselves against the cytotoxic attack of the also highly sialylated immune effector cells. More particularly, we focus on α-2,8-linked polysialic acid chains, which characterize carrier glycoproteins such as NCAM, NRP-2, or SynCam-1. This characteristic property correlates with an aggressive clinical phenotype and endows them with multiple roles in biological processes that underlie all steps of cancer progression, including regulation of cell-cell and/or cell-extracellular matrix interactions, as well as increased proliferation, migration, reduced apoptosis rate of tumor cells, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Specifically, re-expression of poly/oligo-sialylated adhesion molecules on the surface of tumor cells disrupts their interaction with immune-effector cells and contributes to pathophysiological immune escape. Further, sialylated glycoproteins induce immunoregulatory cytokines and growth factors through interactions with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. We describe the processes, which modulate the interaction between sialylated carrier glycoproteins and their ligands, and illustrate that sialic acids could be targets of novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of cancer and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jarahian
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665931, Iran;
| | - Marwah Suliman Maashi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Unit at King Fahad Medical Research Centre, Jeddah 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahnaz Ghaebi
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran;
| | - Abdolrahman Khezri
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2418 Hamar, Norway;
| | - Martin R. Berger
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
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11
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Peptide Inhibitors of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A: Current Situation and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091337. [PMID: 34575413 PMCID: PMC8467741 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are the family of extracellular signaling proteins involved in the processes of angiogenesis. VEGFA overexpression and altered regulation of VEGFA signaling pathways lead to pathological angiogenesis, which contributes to the progression of various diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and cancer. Monoclonal antibodies and decoy receptors have been extensively used in the anti-angiogenic therapies for the neutralization of VEGFA. However, multiple side effects, solubility and aggregation issues, and the involvement of compensatory VEGFA-independent pro-angiogenic mechanisms limit the use of the existing VEGFA inhibitors. Short chemically synthesized VEGFA binding peptides are a promising alternative to these full-length proteins. In this review, we summarize anti-VEGFA peptides identified so far and discuss the molecular basis of their inhibitory activity to highlight their pharmacological potential as anti-angiogenic drugs.
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12
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Usuelli M, Meyer T, Mezzenga R, Mitsi M. VEGF and VEGFR2 bind to similar pH-sensitive sites on fibronectin, exposed by heparin-mediated conformational changes. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100584. [PMID: 33771558 PMCID: PMC8102423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical interactions between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a central player in blood endothelial cell biology, and fibronectin, a major fibrillar protein of the extracellular matrix, are important determinants of angiogenic activity in health and disease. Conditions signaling the need for new blood vessel growth, such as hypoxia and low extracellular pH, increase VEGF–fibronectin interactions. These interactions can be further fine-tuned through changes in the availability of the VEGF-binding sites on fibronectin, regulated by conformational changes induced by heparin and heparan sulfate chains within the extracellular matrix. These interactions may alter VEGF bioavailability, generate gradients, or alter the way VEGF is recognized by and activates its cell-surface receptors. Here, using equilibrium and kinetic studies, we discovered that fibronectin can also interact with the extracellular domain of the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). The VEGFR2-binding sites on fibronectin show great similarity to the VEGF-binding sites, as they were also exposed upon heparin-induced conformational changes in fibronectin, and the interaction was enhanced at acidic pH. Kinetic parameters and affinities for VEGF and VEGFR2 binding to fibronectin were determined by surface plasmon resonance measurements, revealing two populations of fibronectin-binding sites for each molecule. Our data also suggest that a VEGF/VEGFR2/fibronectin triple complex may be formed by VEGF or VEGFR2 first binding to fibronectin and subsequently recruiting the third binding partner. The formation of such a complex may lead to the activation of distinct angiogenic signaling pathways, offering new possibilities for clinical applications that target angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Usuelli
- Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timmy Meyer
- Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Mitsi
- Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Betriu N, Bertran-Mas J, Andreeva A, Semino CE. Syndecans and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030349. [PMID: 33669066 PMCID: PMC7996579 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease with poor prognosis because patients rarely express symptoms in initial stages, which prevents early detection and diagnosis. Syndecans, a subfamily of proteoglycans, are involved in many physiological processes including cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Syndecans are physiologically found in many cell types and their interactions with other macromolecules enhance many pathways. In particular, extracellular matrix components, growth factors, and integrins collect the majority of syndecans associations acting as biochemical, physical, and mechanical transducers. Syndecans are transmembrane glycoproteins, but occasionally their extracellular domain can be released from the cell surface by the action of matrix metalloproteinases, converting them into soluble molecules that are capable of binding distant molecules such as extracellular matrix (ECM) components, growth factor receptors, and integrins from other cells. In this review, we explore the role of syndecans in tumorigenesis as well as their potential as therapeutic targets. Finally, this work reviews the contribution of syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 in PDAC progression and illustrates its potential to be targeted in future treatments for this devastating disease.
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Shaik F, Cuthbert GA, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Muench SP, Ponnambalam S, Harrison MA. Structural Basis for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Activation and Implications for Disease Therapy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121673. [PMID: 33333800 PMCID: PMC7765180 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) bind to membrane receptors on a wide variety of cells to regulate diverse biological responses. The VEGF-A family member promotes vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, processes which are essential for vascular development and physiology. As angiogenesis can be subverted in many disease states, including tumour development and progression, there is much interest in understanding the mechanistic basis for how VEGF-A regulates cell and tissue function. VEGF-A binds with high affinity to two VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR1, VEGFR2) and with lower affinity to co-receptors called neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 (NRP1, NRP2). Here, we use a structural viewpoint to summarise our current knowledge of VEGF-VEGFR activation and signal transduction. As targeting VEGF-VEGFR activation holds much therapeutic promise, we examine the structural basis for anti-angiogenic therapy using small-molecule compounds such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block VEGFR activation and downstream signalling. This review provides a rational basis towards reconciling VEGF and VEGFR structure and function in developing new therapeutics for a diverse range of ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shaik
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-8824207
| | - Gary A. Cuthbert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (G.A.C.); (S.H.-V.); (M.A.H.)
| | | | - Stephen P. Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | | | - Michael A. Harrison
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (G.A.C.); (S.H.-V.); (M.A.H.)
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15
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Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 function and its role in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:201. [PMID: 32929074 PMCID: PMC7490424 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-enzymatic chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 18. It binds to chitin, heparin, and hyaluronic acid, and is regulated by extracellular matrix changes, cytokines, growth factors, drugs, and stress. CHI3L1 is synthesized and secreted by a multitude of cells including macrophages, neutrophils, synoviocytes, chondrocytes, fibroblast-like cells, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells. It plays a major role in tissue injury, inflammation, tissue repair, and remodeling responses. CHI3L1 has been strongly associated with diseases including asthma, arthritis, sepsis, diabetes, liver fibrosis, and coronary artery disease. Moreover, following its initial identification in the culture supernatant of the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line, CHI3L1 has been shown to be overexpressed in a wealth of both human cancers and animal tumor models. To date, interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2, transmembrane protein 219, galectin-3, chemo-attractant receptor-homologous 2, and CD44 have been identified as CHI3L1 receptors. CHI3L1 signaling plays a critical role in cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, activation of tumor-associated macrophages, and Th2 polarization of CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, CHI3L1-based targeted therapy has been increasingly applied to the treatment of tumors including glioma and colon cancer as well as rheumatoid arthritis. This review summarizes the potential roles and mechanisms of CHI3L1 in oncogenesis and disease pathogenesis, then posits investigational strategies for targeted therapies.
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16
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Zimbone S, Santoro AM, La Mendola D, Giacomelli C, Trincavelli ML, Tomasello MF, Milardi D, García-Viñuales S, Sciacca MFM, Martini C, Grasso G. The Ionophoric Activity of a Pro-Apoptotic VEGF165 Fragment on HUVEC Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2866. [PMID: 32325956 PMCID: PMC7216235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper plays an important role as a regulator in many pathologies involving the angiogenesis process. In cancerogenesis, tumor progression, and angiogenic diseases, copper homeostasis is altered. Although many details in the pathways involved are still unknown, some copper-specific ligands have been successfully used as therapeutic agents. Copper-binding peptides able to modulate angiogenesis represent a possible way to value new drugs. We previously reported that a fragment (VEGF73-101) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165), a potent angiogenic, induced an apoptotic effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the putative copper ionophoric activity of VEGF73-101, as well as establish a relationship between the structure of the peptide fragment and the cytotoxic activity in the presence of copper(II) ions. Here, we studied the stoichiometry and the conformation of the VEGF73-101/Cu(II) complexes and some of its mutated peptides by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of all peptides in the absence and presence of copper ions by cell viability and cytofuorimetric assays. The obtained results suggest that VEGF73-101 could be considered an interesting candidate in the development of new molecules with ionophoric properties as agents in antiangiogenic therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zimbone
- CNR Istituto di Cristallografia Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.S.); (M.F.T.); (D.M.); (S.G.-V.); (M.F.M.S.)
| | - Anna M. Santoro
- CNR Istituto di Cristallografia Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.S.); (M.F.T.); (D.M.); (S.G.-V.); (M.F.M.S.)
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.L.M.); (C.G.); (M.L.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.L.M.); (C.G.); (M.L.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria L. Trincavelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.L.M.); (C.G.); (M.L.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Marianna F. Tomasello
- CNR Istituto di Cristallografia Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.S.); (M.F.T.); (D.M.); (S.G.-V.); (M.F.M.S.)
| | - Danilo Milardi
- CNR Istituto di Cristallografia Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.S.); (M.F.T.); (D.M.); (S.G.-V.); (M.F.M.S.)
| | - Sara García-Viñuales
- CNR Istituto di Cristallografia Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.S.); (M.F.T.); (D.M.); (S.G.-V.); (M.F.M.S.)
| | - Michele F. M. Sciacca
- CNR Istituto di Cristallografia Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.S.); (M.F.T.); (D.M.); (S.G.-V.); (M.F.M.S.)
| | - Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.L.M.); (C.G.); (M.L.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Giulia Grasso
- CNR Istituto di Cristallografia Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (S.Z.); (A.M.S.); (M.F.T.); (D.M.); (S.G.-V.); (M.F.M.S.)
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17
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van den Berg BM, Wang G, Boels MGS, Avramut MC, Jansen E, Sol WMPJ, Lebrin F, van Zonneveld AJ, de Koning EJP, Vink H, Gröne HJ, Carmeliet P, van der Vlag J, Rabelink TJ. Glomerular Function and Structural Integrity Depend on Hyaluronan Synthesis by Glomerular Endothelium. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1886-1897. [PMID: 31308073 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A glycocalyx envelope consisting of proteoglycans and adhering proteins covers endothelial cells, both the luminal and abluminal surface. We previously demonstrated that short-term loss of integrity of the luminal glycocalyx layer resulted in perturbed glomerular filtration barrier function. METHODS To explore the role of the glycocalyx layer of the endothelial extracellular matrix in renal function, we generated mice with an endothelium-specific and inducible deletion of hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2), the enzyme that produces hyaluronan, the main structural component of the endothelial glycocalyx layer. We also investigated the presence of endothelial hyaluronan in human kidney tissue from patients with varying degrees of diabetic nephropathy. RESULTS Endothelial deletion of Has2 in adult mice led to substantial loss of the glycocalyx structure, and analysis of their kidneys and kidney function showed vascular destabilization, characterized by mesangiolysis, capillary ballooning, and albuminuria. This process develops over time into glomerular capillary rarefaction and glomerulosclerosis, recapitulating the phenotype of progressive human diabetic nephropathy. Using a hyaluronan-specific probe, we found loss of glomerular endothelial hyaluronan in association with lesion formation in tissue from patients with diabetic nephropathy. We also demonstrated that loss of hyaluronan, which harbors a specific binding site for angiopoietin and a key regulator of endothelial quiescence and maintenance of EC barrier function results in disturbed angiopoietin 1 Tie2. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial loss of hyaluronan results in disturbed glomerular endothelial stabilization. Glomerular endothelial hyaluronan is a previously unrecognized key component of the extracelluar matrix that is required for glomerular structure and function and lost in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard M van den Berg
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Gangqi Wang
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Margien G S Boels
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - M Cristina Avramut
- Section Electron Microscopy, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Jansen
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy M P J Sol
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Franck Lebrin
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Eelco J P de Koning
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Vink
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, The German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Vesalius Research Center, Vascular Institute Belgium, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Vascular Institute Belgium, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
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18
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Corti F, Wang Y, Rhodes JM, Atri D, Archer-Hartmann S, Zhang J, Zhuang ZW, Chen D, Wang T, Wang Z, Azadi P, Simons M. N-terminal syndecan-2 domain selectively enhances 6-O heparan sulfate chains sulfation and promotes VEGFA 165-dependent neovascularization. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1562. [PMID: 30952866 PMCID: PMC6450910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteoglycan Syndecan-2 (Sdc2) has been implicated in regulation of cytoskeleton organization, integrin signaling and developmental angiogenesis in zebrafish. Here we report that mice with global and inducible endothelial-specific deletion of Sdc2 display marked angiogenic and arteriogenic defects and impaired VEGFA165 signaling. No such abnormalities are observed in mice with deletion of the closely related Syndecan-4 (Sdc4) gene. These differences are due to a significantly higher 6-O sulfation level in Sdc2 versus Sdc4 heparan sulfate (HS) chains, leading to an increase in VEGFA165 binding sites and formation of a ternary Sdc2-VEGFA165-VEGFR2 complex which enhances VEGFR2 activation. The increased Sdc2 HS chains 6-O sulfation is driven by a specific N-terminal domain sequence; the insertion of this sequence in Sdc4 N-terminal domain increases 6-O sulfation of its HS chains and promotes Sdc2-VEGFA165-VEGFR2 complex formation. This demonstrates the existence of core protein-determined HS sulfation patterns that regulate specific biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Corti
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yingdi Wang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - John M Rhodes
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Deepak Atri
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Stephanie Archer-Hartmann
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Zhen W Zhuang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Dongying Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Zhirui Wang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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19
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Lam I, Pickering CM, Mac Gabhann F. Context-dependent regulation of receptor tyrosine kinases: Insights from systems biology approaches. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 11:e1437. [PMID: 30255986 PMCID: PMC6537588 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are cell membrane proteins that provide cells with the ability to sense proteins in their environments. Many RTKs are essential to development and organ growth. Derangement of RTKs-by mutation or by overexpression-is central to several developmental and adult disorders including cancer, short stature, and vascular pathologies. The mechanism of action of RTKs is complex and is regulated by contextual components, including the existence of multiple competing ligands and receptors in many families, the intracellular location of the RTK, the dynamic and cell-specific coexpression of other RTKs, and the commonality of downstream signaling pathways. This means that both the state of the cell and the microenvironment outside the cell play a role, which makes sense given the pivotal location of RTKs as the nexus linking the extracellular milieu to intracellular signaling and modification of cell behavior. In this review, we describe these different contextual components through the lens of systems biology, in which both computational modeling and experimental "omics" approaches have been used to better understand RTK networks. The complexity of these networks is such that using these systems biology approaches is necessary to get a handle on the mechanisms of pathology and the design of therapeutics targeting RTKs. In particular, we describe in detail three concrete examples (involving ErbB3, VEGFR2, and AXL) that illustrate how systems approaches can reveal key mechanistic and therapeutic insights. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Therapeutic Methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christina M Pickering
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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20
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Hayashi H, Mamun AA, Takeyama M, Yamamura A, Zako M, Yagasaki R, Nakahara T, Kamei M, Sato M. Activator of G-protein signaling 8 is involved in VEGF-induced choroidal neovascularization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1560. [PMID: 30733465 PMCID: PMC6367328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a major cause of vision loss among elderly people. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is essential for the development and progression of AMD, and VEGF signaling molecules are effective targets for the treatment of AMD. We recently reported that activator of G-protein signaling 8 (AGS8), a receptor-independent Gβγ regulator, is involved in VEGF-induced angiogenesis in cultured endothelial cells (EC); however, the role of AGS8 in CNV is not yet understood. This study aimed to explore the role of AGS8 in CNV in cultured cells, explanted choroid tissue, and laser-induced CNV in a mouse AMD model. AGS8 knockdown in cultured choroidal EC inhibited VEGF-induced VEGFR-2 phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and migration. AGS8 knockdown also downregulated cell sprouting from mouse choroidal tissue in ex vivo culture. A mouse model of laser-induced CNV, created to analyze the roles of AGS8 in vivo, demonstrated that AGS8 mRNA was significantly upregulated in choroidal lesions and AGS8 was specifically expressed in the neovasculature. Local AGS8 knockdown in intravitreal tissue significantly inhibited laser-induced AGS8 upregulation and suppressed CNV, suggesting that AGS8 knockdown in the choroid has therapeutic potential for AMD. Together, these results demonstrate that AGS8 plays critical roles in VEGF-induced CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaki Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.
| | | | - Masayuki Takeyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Aya Yamamura
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masahiro Zako
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asai Hospital, Seto, Japan
| | - Rina Yagasaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kamei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.
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21
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Teran M, Nugent MA. Characterization of receptor binding kinetics for vascular endothelial growth factor-A using SPR. Anal Biochem 2018; 564-565:21-31. [PMID: 30292477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a highly regulated process orchestrated, in large part, by the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) system of ligands and receptors. Considerable effort has been invested in finding optimal ways to modulate VEGF-A activity to treat disease, however, the mechanisms by which the various components interact remain poorly understood. This is in part because of the difficulty of analyzing the various interactions in an intercomparable manner. In the present study, we established conditions to allow for the detailed characterization of the molecular interactions between VEGF and its receptors and the co-receptor NRP-1 using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We found that VEGF dissociated 25-times faster from its major signaling receptor, VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) than from its "decoy" receptor, VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1). Using a systematic approach, we obtained kinetic parameters for each individual interaction under a consistent set of experimental conditions allowing for comparison between various receptors. The set of quantitative kinetic parameters and experimental conditions reported herein will provide valuable tools for developing comprehensive models of the VEGF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelane Teran
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Matthew A Nugent
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
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22
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Wang ZZ, Liu F, Gong YF, Huang TY, Zhang XM, Huang XY. Antiarthritic Effects of Sorafenib in Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1519-1526. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Wang
- Department of Anatomy; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Anatomy; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Yong-Fang Gong
- Department of Anatomy; Bengbu Medical College; Bengbu China
| | - Tian-Yu Huang
- Grade 2016, The First Department of Clinical Medicine; Bengbu Medical College; Bengbu China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Xue-Ying Huang
- Department of Anatomy; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
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23
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Bates DO, Beazley-Long N, Benest AV, Ye X, Ved N, Hulse RP, Barratt S, Machado MJ, Donaldson LF, Harper SJ, Peiris-Pages M, Tortonese DJ, Oltean S, Foster RR. Physiological Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors as Homeostatic Regulators. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:955-979. [PMID: 29978898 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of proteins are key regulators of physiological systems. Originally linked with endothelial function, they have since become understood to be principal regulators of multiple tissues, both through their actions on vascular cells, but also through direct actions on other tissue types, including epithelial cells, neurons, and the immune system. The complexity of the five members of the gene family in terms of their different splice isoforms, differential translation, and specific localizations have enabled tissues to use these potent signaling molecules to control how they function to maintain their environment. This homeostatic function of VEGFs has been less intensely studied than their involvement in disease processes, development, and reproduction, but they still play a substantial and significant role in healthy control of blood volume and pressure, interstitial volume and drainage, renal and lung function, immunity, and signal processing in the peripheral and central nervous system. The widespread expression of VEGFs in healthy adult tissues, and the disturbances seen when VEGF signaling is inhibited support this view of the proteins as endogenous regulators of normal physiological function. This review summarizes the evidence and recent breakthroughs in understanding of the physiology that is regulated by VEGF, with emphasis on the role they play in maintaining homeostasis. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:955-979, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew V Benest
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nikita Ved
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Hulse
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shaney Barratt
- Academic Respiratory Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J Machado
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy F Donaldson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Harper
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Peiris-Pages
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Domingo J Tortonese
- Centre for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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24
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Xiao K, Ouyang Z, Tang HH. Inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells by blocking the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor with small interfering RNA. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1841-1848. [PMID: 30008874 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the proliferation and metastasis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells can be suppressed and whether apoptosis can be induced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) repression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). siRNA sequences targeting the VEGF gene were designed and the human hilar cholangiocarcinoma QBC939, HCCC-9810 and RBE cell lines were transfected with VEGF-siRNA plasmids for 48 h. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting measured the levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) mRNA expression and protein content. The cell invasion potential was evaluated using the Transwell invasion and migration assay and the MTT assay was employed to detect the proliferation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells. Flow cytometry was used to quantify cell apoptosis and necrosis. Following the transfection of VEGF-siRNA, a significant reduction of mRNA and protein levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C and MMP2 was observed in the hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells. The invasion, migration and proliferation of tumor cells were also notably decreased. The rate of tumor cell apoptosis was increased in the VEGF-siRNA group (15.42%) compared with the non-siRNA control (2.22%) and the negative control (2.71%) groups. It was concluded that blocking the expression of VEGF via VEGF-siRNA effectively inhibited the invasion, migration and proliferation, and induced apoptosis in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells. These observations suggested that targeting VEGF with RNAi may be an effective therapeutic strategy for treating hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiao
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Huan Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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25
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Muratori L, Gnavi S, Fregnan F, Mancardi A, Raimondo S, Perroteau I, Geuna S. Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Its Family Member Expression After Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Denervation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1646-1656. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Turin; Orbassano To, 10043 Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO); Orbassano To 10043 Italy
| | - Sara Gnavi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Turin; Orbassano To, 10043 Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO); Orbassano To 10043 Italy
| | - F. Fregnan
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Turin; Orbassano To, 10043 Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO); Orbassano To 10043 Italy
| | - Anabella Mancardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Turin; Orbassano To, 10043 Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO); Orbassano To 10043 Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Turin; Orbassano To, 10043 Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO); Orbassano To 10043 Italy
| | - Isabelle Perroteau
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Turin; Orbassano To, 10043 Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Turin; Orbassano To, 10043 Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO); Orbassano To 10043 Italy
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26
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VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) and Fibrotic Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051269. [PMID: 29695053 PMCID: PMC5983653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a group of heterogeneous diseases characterised by varying degrees of aberrant inflammation and fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. This may occur in isolation, such as in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or as part of a wider disease process affecting multiple organs, such as in systemic sclerosis. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is one component of an existing broad-spectrum therapeutic option in IPF (nintedanib) and may become part of the emerging therapeutic strategy for other ILDs in the future. This article describes our current understanding of VEGF biology in normal lung homeostasis and how changes in its bioavailability may contribute the pathogenesis of ILD. The complexity of VEGF biology is particularly highlighted with an emphasis on the potential non-vascular, non-angiogenic roles for VEGF in the lung, in both health and disease.
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27
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Graziani G, Ruffini F, Tentori L, Scimeca M, Dorio AS, Atzori MG, Failla CM, Morea V, Bonanno E, D'Atri S, Lacal PM. Antitumor activity of a novel anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 monoclonal antibody that does not interfere with ligand binding. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72868-72885. [PMID: 27655684 PMCID: PMC5341950 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) is a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor that has also a soluble isoform containing most of the extracellular ligand binding domain (sVEGFR-1). VEGF-A binds to both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-1, whereas placenta growth factor (PlGF) interacts exclusively with VEGFR-1. In this study we generated an anti-VEGFR-1 mAb (D16F7) by immunizing BALB/C mice with a peptide that we had previously reported to inhibit angiogenesis and endothelial cell migration induced by PlGF. D16F7 did not affect binding of VEGF-A or PlGF to VEGFR-1, thus allowing sVEGFR-1 to act as decoy receptor for these growth factors, but it hampered receptor homodimerization and activation. D16F7 inhibited both the chemotactic response of human endothelial, myelomonocytic and melanoma cells to VEGFR-1 ligands and vasculogenic mimicry by tumor cells. Moreover, D16F7 exerted in vivo antiangiogenic effects in a matrigel plug assay. Importantly, D16F7 inhibited tumor growth and was well tolerated by B6D2F1 mice injected with syngeneic B16F10 melanoma cells. The antitumor effect was associated with melanoma cell apoptosis, vascular abnormalities and decrease of both monocyte/macrophage infiltration and myeloid progenitor mobilization. For all the above, D16F7 may be exploited in the therapy of metastatic melanoma and other tumors or pathological conditions involving VEGFR-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Tentori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa S Dorio
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina M Failla
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Morea
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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28
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Rauniyar K, Jha SK, Jeltsch M. Biology of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C in the Morphogenesis of Lymphatic Vessels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:7. [PMID: 29484295 PMCID: PMC5816233 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Because virtually all tissues contain blood vessels, the importance of hemevascularization has been long recognized in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. However, the lymphatic vasculature has only recently become a subject of interest. Central to the task of growing a lymphatic network are lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), which constitute the innermost layer of all lymphatic vessels. The central molecule that directs proliferation and migration of LECs during embryogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). VEGF-C is therefore an important ingredient for LEC culture and attempts to (re)generate lymphatic vessels and networks. During its biosynthesis VEGF-C undergoes a stepwise proteolytic processing, during which its properties and affinities for its interaction partners change. Many of these fundamental aspects of VEGF-C biosynthesis have only recently been uncovered. So far, most—if not all—applications of VEGF-C do not discriminate between different forms of VEGF-C. However, for lymphatic regeneration and engineering purposes, it appears mandatory to understand these differences, since they relate, e.g., to important aspects such as biodistribution and receptor activation potential. In this review, we discuss the molecular biology of VEGF-C as it relates to the growth of LECs and lymphatic vessels. However, the properties of VEGF-C are similarly relevant for the cardiovascular system, since both old and recent data show that VEGF-C can have a profound effect on the blood vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Rauniyar
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sawan Kumar Jha
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Jeltsch
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Langari J, Karimipoor M, Golkar M, Khanahmad H, Zeinali S, Omidinia S, Cohan RA, Behdani M, Babaie J, Arezumand R, Moazami R. In Vitro Evaluation of Vegf-Pseudomonas Exotoxin: A Conjugated on Tumor Cells. Adv Biomed Res 2017; 6:144. [PMID: 29226113 PMCID: PMC5719587 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.218691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis which occurs mandatory in solid tumors, is a critical step in malignancy progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is mainly responsible for angiogenesis process and facilitates the formation of new vessels. Distribution of monoclonal antibodies against VEGF or VEGF receptor (VEGFR) into the solid tumors is limited because of their huge dimensions. Moreover, many investigations have demonstrated the usefulness of immunotoxins to halt angiogenesis in solid tumors. Materials and Methods: We designed, expressed and evaluated the cytotoxicity of a novel nano-immunotoxin composed of VEGF splice variant containing 121 amino acids (VEGF121) and truncated the exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PE38-KDEL). The fusion protein VEGF121-PE38 was successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by Ni+ 2 affinity chromatography. The fusion protein was subsequently subjected to refolding using the reduced and oxidized glutathione. Results: The expression level of the fusion protein reached to 1 mg/ml. The VEGF121-PE38 immunotoxin showed a 59 KDa MW which had cytotoxic effect on HUVEC and 293/KDR cells as low and high expressing VEGFR2 cells, respectively. But the cytotoxicity on 293/KDR was 100 folds more than that of VEGFR2 low expressing cell HUVEC. Conclusion: The designed immunotoxin showed more selectivity for higher VEGFR2 expressing cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Langari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Golkar
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sirous Zeinali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Skandar Omidinia
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Pilot Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Babaie
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghaye Arezumand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moazami
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
All known splice isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) can bind to the receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. We focus here on VEGF-A121a and VEGF-A165a, two of the most abundant VEGF-A splice isoforms in human tissue 1 , and their ability to bind the Neuropilin co-receptors NRP1 and NRP2. The Neuropilins are key vascular, immune, and nervous system receptors on endothelial cells, neuronal axons, and regulatory T cells respectively. They serve as co-receptors for the Plexins in Semaphorin binding on neuronal and vascular endothelial cells, and for the VEGFRs in VEGF binding on vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, and thus regulate the initiation and coordination of cell signaling by Semaphorins and VEGFs. 2 There is conflicting evidence in the literature as to whether only heparin-binding VEGF-A isoforms - that is, isoforms with domains encoded by exons 6 and/or 7 plus 8a - bind to Neuropilins on endothelial cells. While it is clear that VEGF-A165a binds to both NRP1 and NRP2, published studies do not all agree on the ability of VEGF-A121a to bind NRPs. Here, we review and attempt to reconcile evidence for and against VEGF-A121a binding to Neuropilins. This evidence suggests that, in vitro, VEGF-A121a can bind to both NRP1 and NRP2 via domains encoded by exons 5 and 8a; in the case of NRP1, VEGF-A121a binds with lower affinity than VEGF-A165a. In in vitro cell culture experiments, both NRP1 and NRP2 can enhance VEGF-A121a-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and downstream signaling including proliferation. However, unlike VEGFA-165a, experiments have shown that VEGF-A121a does not 'bridge' VEGFR2 and NRP1, i.e. it does not bind both receptors simultaneously at their extracellular domain. Thus, the mechanism by which Neuropilins potentiate VEGF-A121a-mediated VEGFR2 signaling may be different from that for VEGF-A165a. We suggest such an alternate mechanism: interactions between NRP1 and VEGFR2 transmembrane (TM) and intracellular (IC) domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Sarabipour
- a Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- a Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
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31
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Wei Y, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Liu X, Zhong J, Ma J, Chen Y, Zhao C, Li J. Plumbagin restrains hepatocellular carcinoma angiogenesis by suppressing the migration and invasion of tumor-derived vascular endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15230-15241. [PMID: 28122355 PMCID: PMC5362482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor occurrence and development are very complicated processes. In addition to the roles of exogenous carcinogenic factors, the body's internal factors also play important roles. These factors include the host response to the tumor and the tumor effect on the host. In particular, the proliferation, migration and activation of endothelial cells are involved in tumor angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer. In this study, we investigate whether plumbagin can abrogate angiogenesis-mediated tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and, if so, through which molecular mechanisms. We observed that in co-cultures of the human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 and the human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 and Hep3B, the hepatoma cells induced migration, invasion, tube formation and viability of the EA.hy926 cells in vitro, and these processes were inhibited by plumbagin. Real-Time PCR, Western Blot and Immunofluorescence staining showed that plumbagin treatment suppressed expression of angiogenesis pathways (PI3K-Akt, VEGF/KDR and Angiopoietins/Tie2) and angiogenic factors (VEGF, CTGF, ET-1, bFGF),which is associated with tumor angiogenesis in cancer cells and xenograft tumor tissues. Furthermore, plumbagin was also found to significantly reduce tumor growth in an orthotopic HCC mouse model and to inhibit tumor-induced angiogenesis in HCC patient xenografts. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that plumbagin might be a promising anti-angiogenic drug with significant antitumor activity in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanFei Wei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Emergency, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Binhai New Area, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 710032, China
| | - TieJian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - XueMei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - YongXin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - JunXuan Li
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
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32
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Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies in Diabetic Nephropathy: New Avenues for Calcium Dobesilate-Free Radical Scavenger and Growth Factor Inhibition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1909258. [PMID: 29082239 PMCID: PMC5634607 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1909258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and is responsible for 40–50% of all cases of end stage renal disease. The therapeutic strategies in diabetic nephropathy need to be targeted towards the pathophysiology of the disease. The earlier these therapeutic strategies can bring about positive effects on vascular changes and prevent the vasculature in patients with diabetes from deteriorating, the better the renal function can be preserved. Studies evaluating anti-inflammatory and antioxidative strategies in diabetic nephropathy demonstrate the need and value of these novel treatment avenues. CaD is an established vasoactive and angioprotective drug that has shown a unique, multitarget mode of action in several experimental studies and in different animal models of diabetic microvascular complications. On the molecular level, CaD reduces oxidative stress and inhibits growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factors. Recent findings have demonstrated a strong rationale for its use in reducing urine albumin excretion rate and markers of inflammation as well as improving endothelial function. Its beneficial effects make it an attractive therapeutic compound especially in the early stages of the disease. These findings, although promising, need further confirmation in prospective clinical trials with CaD.
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Tymecka D, Lipiński PFJ, Fedorczyk B, Puszko A, Wileńska B, Perret GY, Misicka A. Structure-activity relationship study of tetrapeptide inhibitors of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A binding to Neuropilin-1. Peptides 2017. [PMID: 28627371 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 is considered as one of the key receptors responsible for signaling pathways involved in pathological angiogenesis necessary for tumor progression, therefore targeting of VEGF165 binding to NRP-1 could be a relevant strategy for antiangiogenic treatment. It was shown before that the VEGF165/NRP-1 interaction can be inhibited by short tetrapeptides with K/RXXR sequence. Here, we present a structure-activity relationship study of the systematic optimization of amino acid residues in positions 1-3 in the above tetrapeptides. All the 13 synthesized analogs possessed C-terminal arginine that is a necessary element for interaction with NRP-1. The obtained results of the inhibitory activity and modeling by molecular dynamics indicate that simultaneous interactions of the basic amino acid residues in position 1 and 4 (Arg) with Neuropilin-1 are crucial and their cooperation strongly affects the inhibitory activity. In addition, the binding strength is modulated by the flexibility of the peptide backbone (in the central part of the peptide), and the nature of the side chain of the amino acids at the second or third position. A dramatic decrease in the activity to the receptor is observed in flexible derivatives that are missing proline residues. The results described in this paper should prove useful for future studies aimed at establishing the best pharmacophore for inhibitors of VEGF165 binding to NRP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Tymecka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr F J Lipiński
- Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Puszko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Wileńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gerard Y Perret
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1125, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Aleksandra Misicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans are long, linear polysaccharides that are made up of alternating dissacharide sequences of sulfated uronic acid and amino sugars. Unlike heparin, which is only found in mast cells, heparan sulfate is ubiquitously expressed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of all animal cells. These negatively-charged glycans play essential roles in important cellular functions such as cell growth, adhesion, angiogenesis, and blood coagulation. These biomolecules are also involved in pathophysiological conditions such as pathogen infection and human disease. This review discusses past and current methods for targeting these complex biomolecules as a novel therapeutic strategy to treating disorders such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Weiss
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
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35
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Intravitreal itraconazole inhibits laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180482. [PMID: 28666022 PMCID: PMC5493406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of severe visual loss in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Recently, itraconazole has shown potent and dose-dependent inhibition of tumor-associated angiogenesis. We evaluated the anti-angiogenic effect of itraconazole in a rat model of laser-induced CNV. After laser photocoagulation in each eye to cause CNV, right eyes were administered intravitreal injections of itraconazole; left eyes received balanced salt solution (BSS) as controls. On day 14 after laser induction, fluorescein angiography (FA) was used to assess abnormal vascular leakage. Flattened retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid tissue complex was stained with Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated isolectin B4 to measure the CNV area and volume. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) mRNA and protein expression was determined 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after intravitreal injection by quantitative RT-PCR or Western blot. VEGF levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intravitreal itraconazole significantly reduced leakage from CNV as assessed by FA and CNV area and volume on flat mounts compared with intravitreal BSS (p = 0.002 for CNV leakage, p<0.001 for CNV area and volume). Quantitative RT-PCR showed significantly lower expression of VEGFR2 mRNA in the RPE-choroid complexes of itraconazole-injected eyes than those of BSS-injected eyes on days 7 and 14 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.006). Western blots indicated that VEGFR2 was downregulated after itraconazole treatment. ELISA showed a significant difference in VEGF level between itraconazole-injected and BSS-injected eyes on days 7 and 14 (p = 0.04 and p = 0.001). Our study demonstrated that intravitreal itraconazole significantly inhibited the development of laser-induced CNV in rats. Itraconazole had anti-angiogenic activity along with the reduction of VEGFR2 and VEGF levels. Itraconazole may prove beneficial for treating CNV as an alternative or adjunct to other therapies.
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36
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Zhang J, Peng X, Yuan A, Xie Y, Yang Q, Xue L. Peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ mediates porcine placental angiogenesis through hypoxia inducible factor‑, vascular endothelial growth factor‑ and angiopoietin‑mediated signaling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2636-2644. [PMID: 28677792 PMCID: PMC5548051 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ has been reported to be implicated in placentation in mice. Previous studies have demonstrated that PPARγ is also expressed in porcine placenta, primarily localized in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). The present study aimed to investigate the roles of PPARγ during porcine placental angiogenesis and examine the molecular mechanisms involved in its actions. VECs were incubated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and the antagonist T0070907, and their angiogenic potential was evaluated using cellular impedance, wound healing and tube formation assays. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression levels of angiogenic factors, including hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms, VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) and angiopoietins (Angs). The results demonstrated that the adhesive, proliferative and migratory capabilities of VECs were potentiated by rosiglitazone and suppressed by T0070907. Notably, tube formation was invariably promoted during PPARγ activation and blockade. The mRNA expression levels of HIF1α, HIF2α, VEGFR2, VEGF188 and Ang-1 were revealed to be upregulated following treatment of VECs with rosiglitazone, whereas they were downregulated following treatment with T0070907. However, the mRNA expression levels of placental growth factor and VEGF120 were consistently downregulated following PPARγ activation and blockade, whereas VEGF164 mRNA levels remained unaltered. The results of the present study suggested that PPARγ may mediate porcine placental angiogenesis, by interfering with HIF-, VEGF- and angiopoietin-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzuo Zhang
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Anwen Yuan
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Xue
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
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Ruffini F, Levati L, Graziani G, Caporali S, Atzori MG, D'Atri S, Lacal PM. Platelet-derived growth factor-C promotes human melanoma aggressiveness through activation of neuropilin-1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66833-66848. [PMID: 28977999 PMCID: PMC5620139 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in advanced melanoma therapy, identification of signalling pathways involved in melanoma switch from proliferative to invasive states is still crucial to uncover new therapeutic targets for improving the outcome of metastatic disease. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), a co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFRs), has been suggested to play a relevant role in melanoma progression. NRP-1 can be activated by VEGF-A also in the absence of VEGFRs, triggering specific signal transduction pathways (e.g. p130Cas phosphorylation). Since melanoma cells co-expressing high levels of NRP-1 and platelet derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) show a highly invasive behaviour and PDGF-C shares homology with VEGF-A, in this study we have investigated whether PDGF-C directly interacts with NRP-1 and promotes melanoma aggressiveness. Results demonstrate that PDGF-C specifically binds in vitro to NRP-1. In melanoma cells expressing NRP-1 but lacking PDGFRα, PDGF-C stimulates extra-cellular matrix (ECM) invasion and induces p130Cas phosphorylation. Blockade of PDGF-C function by neutralizing antibodies or reduction of its secretion by specific siRNA inhibit ECM invasion and vasculogenic mimicry. Moreover, PDGF-C silencing significantly down-modulates the expression of Snail, a transcription factor involved in tumour invasiveness that is highly expressed in NRP-1 positive melanoma cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate for the first time a direct activation of NRP-1 by PDGF-C and strongly suggest that autocrine and/or paracrine stimulation of NRP-1 by PDGF-C might contribute to the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype by melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lauretta Levati
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Caporali
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Liu N, Huang D, Cheng X, Chong Y, Wang W, Gan W, Guo H. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for renal cell carcinoma vs. partial nephrectomy: Comparison of long-term oncologic outcomes in both clear cell and non-clear cell of the most common subtype. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:530.e1-530.e6. [PMID: 28408296 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) and partial nephrectomy (PN) in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC) of the most common subtypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to review the records of all the patients who underwent PRFA or PN between February 2005 and April 2014 at our institution. Patients with histologic confirmation of ccRCC, papillary RCC, and chromophobe RCC were included. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare PRFA to PN in the ccRCC and nccRCC groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate the survival curves that were compared to the log-rank test. RESULTS A total of 264 patients meeting the selection criteria were included in this study. The tumor size ranged from 0.9 to 7.0cm. The median follow-up period was 78 months (range: 8-132 mo). Although PRFA provided comparable 10-year overall survival rates and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates to PN both in ccRCC ≤4cm and nccRCC, the 10-year DFS for patients treated with PRFA was lower than that of PN in ccRCC >4cm. The DFS survival curve between the 2 operations and 2 subtypes was statistically significant in patients with tumor size >4cm. Limitations include retrospective review and selection bias. CONCLUSIONS Patients with T1b ccRCC treated with PRFA have less favorable outcomes than those with PN whereas PRFA provides comparable oncologic outcomes to PN in patients with T1b nccRCC. It is necessary to take RCC subtypes into consideration when choosing a surgical approach to treat T1b RCC between PFRA and PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoguang Huang
- Department of Urology, Lichuan People's Hospital, Lichuan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Cheng
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankun Chong
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Gan
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Yoon KA, Kim MK, Eom HS, Lee H, Park WS, Sohn JY, Kim MJ, Kong SY. Adverse prognostic impact of vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:2677-2682. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1300893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Ah Yoon
- Center for Breast Cancer, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyeong Kim
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Seok Eom
- Hematology-Oncology Clinic, Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Hematology-Oncology Clinic, Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon Seo Park
- Department of Pathology, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Sohn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kong
- Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Hematology-Oncology Clinic, Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Diagnostic Oncology, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Thej C, Ramadasse B, Walvekar A, Majumdar AS, Balasubramanian S. Development of a surrogate potency assay to determine the angiogenic activity of Stempeucel®, a pooled, ex-vivo expanded, allogeneic human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell product. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:47. [PMID: 28245882 PMCID: PMC5331748 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a more beneficial alternative to conventional therapy and may offer a potential cure for unmet medical needs. MSCs are known to possess strong immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, they promote angiogenesis and tissue regeneration through the secretion of trophic factors. For these reasons, the past decade witnessed a sharp increase in the number of clinical trials conducted with stem cells for various vascular diseases requiring angiogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro angiogenic potency of Stempeucel®, which is an allogeneic pooled human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (phBMMSC) product. We previously established the safety of Stempeucel® in our pre-clinical studies, and clinical trials conducted for critical limb ischaemia and acute myocardial infarction. METHODS Because the proposed mechanism of action of phBMMSCs is mainly through the secretion of pro-angiogenic cytokines, we developed a surrogate potency assay by screening various batches of large-scale expanded phBMMSCs for the expression of angiogenic factors and cytokines through gene expression and growth factor analyses, followed by in vitro functional assays. RESULTS The well characterized angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was selected and quantified in twenty six manufactured batches of phBMMSCs to establish consistency following the United States Food and Drug Administration recommendations. According to recommendations 21 CFR 211.165(e) and 211.194(a)(2), we also established and documented the specificity and reproducibility of the test methods employed through validation. Moreover, we also attempted to elucidate the mechanism of action of the cell population to ensure appropriate biological activity. The functional role of VEGF has been established through in vitro angiogenic assays and a dose-dependent correlation was observed with in vitro functional results. CONCLUSIONS The data generated from this study suggest the selection of VEGF as a single surrogate marker to test the angiogenic potency of phBMMSCs. Our study reports the quantification of VEGF in twenty six batches of large-scale manufactured phBMMSCs, and a concentration-dependent correlation of secreted VEGF to endothelial cell functions of migration, proliferation and tube formation, in the conditioned medium obtained from nine phBMMSC batches. To our cognizance, this is the first study in which a single angiogenic factor (VEGF) has been qualified as a surrogate potency marker through all three in vitro functional assays to determine the angiogenic potency of the phBMMSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charan Thej
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd, Akshay Tech Park, #72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase 1, Bangalore, Whitefield, 560066, India.,Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Balamurugan Ramadasse
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd, Akshay Tech Park, #72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase 1, Bangalore, Whitefield, 560066, India
| | - Ankita Walvekar
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd, Akshay Tech Park, #72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase 1, Bangalore, Whitefield, 560066, India
| | - Anish S Majumdar
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd, Akshay Tech Park, #72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase 1, Bangalore, Whitefield, 560066, India.
| | - Sudha Balasubramanian
- Stempeutics Research Pvt. Ltd, Akshay Tech Park, #72 & 73, 2nd Floor, EPIP Zone, Phase 1, Bangalore, Whitefield, 560066, India.
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Guðbrandsdottir G, Hjelle KM, Frugård J, Bostad L, Aarstad HJ, Beisland C. Preoperative high levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor are a prognostic marker for poor outcome after surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Scand J Urol 2016; 49:388-94. [PMID: 25773545 DOI: 10.3109/21681805.2015.1021833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in blood taken preoperatively can predict subtype, survival and recurrence in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The patient group consisted of 124 patients with an RCC that was surgically removed with nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery at Haukeland University Hospital from 2007 to 2010. All subtypes and stages were included. Preoperative blood samples were taken on the day of surgery, and the samples were prepared and frozen at -80 °C. The level of VEGF in serum was analysed using Luminex® immunobead technology. The patients were followed until death or to 31 October 2014 (>4.5 years). RESULTS Patients with higher levels of VEGF were more likely to have clear cell RCC [odds ratio (OR) 2.43, p = 0.046], as were older patients (OR 1.04, p = 0.024). In a multivariate analysis, high VEGF, stage and nuclear grade all had a significant predictive value for cancer-specific survival (OR 4.56, p = 0.017; OR 11.54, p < 0.001; and OR 7.85, p = 0.015, respectively). VEGF, stage and nuclear grade predicted recurrence in patients presumed to have been radically treated (OR 4.37, p = 0.03; OR 5.02, p = 0.011; and OR 6.57, p = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Tumour stage and a high level of serum VEGF were predictors for an increased risk of recurrence and cancer-specific death. Furthermore, the study showed that serum VEGF may be used to determine the subtype of RCC preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin M Hjelle
- a Departments of 1Urology, Haukeland University Hospital.,b 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Leif Bostad
- b 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway.,c 3 Department of Pathology
| | - Hans J Aarstad
- b 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway.,d 4 Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Beisland
- a Departments of 1Urology, Haukeland University Hospital.,b 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) are uniquely required to balance the formation of new blood vessels with the maintenance and remodelling of existing ones, during development and in adult tissues. Recent advances have greatly expanded our understanding of the tight and multi-level regulation of VEGFR2 signalling, which is the primary focus of this Review. Important insights have been gained into the regulatory roles of VEGFR-interacting proteins (such as neuropilins, proteoglycans, integrins and protein tyrosine phosphatases); the dynamics of VEGFR2 endocytosis, trafficking and signalling; and the crosstalk between VEGF-induced signalling and other endothelial signalling cascades. A clear understanding of this multifaceted signalling web is key to successful therapeutic suppression or stimulation of vascular growth.
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a fundamental role in angiogenesis and endothelial cell biology, and has been the subject of intense study as a result. VEGF acts via a diverse and complex range of signaling pathways, with new targets constantly being discovered. This review attempts to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding VEGF cell signaling in endothelial and cardiovascular biology, with a particular emphasis on its role in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Evans
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK,
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45
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Abstract
The drug discovery landscape has been transformed over the past decade by the discovery of allosteric modulators of all major mammalian receptor superfamilies. Allosteric ligands are a rich potential source of drugs and drug targets with clear therapeutic advantages. G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels and intracellular nuclear hormone receptors have all been targeted by allosteric modulators. More recently, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) has been targeted by an extracellular small-molecule allosteric modulator. Allosteric mechanisms of structurally distinct molecules that target the various receptor families are more alike than originally anticipated and include selectivity, orthosteric probe dependence and pathway-biased signaling.
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Ricard-Blum S, Vallet SD. Matricryptins Network with Matricellular Receptors at the Surface of Endothelial and Tumor Cells. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:11. [PMID: 26869928 PMCID: PMC4740388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a source of bioactive fragments called matricryptins or matrikines resulting from the proteolytic cleavage of extracellular proteins (e.g., collagens, elastin, and laminins) and proteoglycans (e.g., perlecan). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cathepsins, and bone-morphogenetic protein-1 release fragments, which regulate physiopathological processes including tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis, a pre-requisite for tumor growth. A number of matricryptins, and/or synthetic peptides derived from them, are currently investigated as potential anti-cancer drugs both in vitro and in animal models. Modifications aiming at improving their efficiency and their delivery to their target cells are studied. However, their use as drugs is not straightforward. The biological activities of these fragments are mediated by several receptor families. Several matricryptins may bind to the same matricellular receptor, and a single matricryptin may bind to two different receptors belonging or not to the same family such as integrins and growth factor receptors. Furthermore, some matricryptins interact with each other, integrins and growth factor receptors crosstalk and a signaling pathway may be regulated by several matricryptins. This forms an intricate 3D interaction network at the surface of tumor and endothelial cells, which is tightly associated with other cell-surface associated molecules such as heparan sulfate, caveolin, and nucleolin. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the behavior of this network is required in order to optimize the development of matricryptins as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5246 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - University Lyon 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain D Vallet
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5246 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - University Lyon 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon Villeurbanne, France
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Pagani E, Ruffini F, Antonini Cappellini GC, Scoppola A, Fortes C, Marchetti P, Graziani G, D'Atri S, Lacal PM. Placenta growth factor and neuropilin-1 collaborate in promoting melanoma aggressiveness. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1581-9. [PMID: 26846845 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, which shares with VEGF-A the tyrosine kinase receptor VEGFR-1 and the co-receptor neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). In melanoma models, PlGF enhances tumour growth and neovessel formation, whereas NRP-1 promotes the metastatic process. Increased secretion of PlGF and expression of NRP-1 have also been involved in intrinsic or acquired resistance to anti‑angiogenic therapies. In this study we investigated whether PlGF and NRP-1 cooperate in promoting melanoma aggressiveness independently of VEGFR-1. For this purpose, the melanoma cell clones M14-N, expressing NRP-1 and lacking VEGFR-1, and M14-C, devoid of both receptors, were used. M14-N cells are characterized by an invasive phenotype and vasculogenic mimicry, whereas M14-C cells possess a negligible invasive capacity. The results indicated that M14-N cells secrete higher levels of PlGF than M14-C cells and that PlGF is involved in the invasion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vasculogenic mimicry of M14-N cells. In fact, neutralizing antibodies against PlGF reverted ECM invasion in response to PlGF and markedly reduced the formation of tubule-like structures. Moreover, M14-N cells migrated in response to PlGF and chemotaxis was specifically abrogated by anti-NRP-1 antibodies, demonstrating that PlGF directly activates NRP-1 in the absence of VEGFR-1. We also compared the levels of PlGF in the plasma of patients affected by metastatic melanoma with those of healthy donors and evaluated whether PlGF levels could be affected by a bevacizumab-containing chemotherapy regimen. Melanoma patients showed a 20-fold increase in plasma PlGF and the bevacizumab-containing regimen induced a reduction of VEGF-A and in a further increase of PlGF. In conclusion, our studies suggest that the activation of NRP-1 by PlGF directly contributes to melanoma aggressiveness and represents a potential compensatory pro-angiogenic mechanism that may contribute to the resistance to therapies targeting VEGF-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pagani
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Scoppola
- Department of Oncology and Dermatological Oncology, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Fortes
- Epidemiology Unit, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Oncology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, 'Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata'- IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Lim DK, Wylie RG, Langer R, Kohane DS. Selective binding of C-6 OH sulfated hyaluronic acid to the angiogenic isoform of VEGF(165). Biomaterials 2016; 77:130-138. [PMID: 26588795 PMCID: PMC4735037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) is an important extracellular protein involved in pathological angiogenesis in diseases such as cancer, wet age-related macular degeneration (wet-AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa. VEGF165 exists in two different isoforms: the angiogenic VEGF165a, and the anti-angiogenic VEGF165b. In some angiogenic diseases the proportion of VEGF165b may be equal to or higher than that of VEGF165a. Therefore, developing therapeutics that inhibit VEGF165a and not VEGF165b may result in greater anti-angiogenic activity and therapeutic benefit. To this end, we report the selective binding properties of sulfated hyaluronic acid (s-HA). Selective biopolymers offer several advantages over antibodies or aptamers including cost effective and simple synthesis, and the ability to make nanoparticles or hydrogels for drug delivery applications or VEGF165a sequestration. Limiting sulfation to the C-6 hydroxyl (C-6 OH) in the N-acetyl-glucosamine repeat unit of hyaluronic acid (HA) resulted in a polymer with strong affinity for VEGF165a but not VEGF165b. Increased sulfation beyond the C-6 OH (i.e. greater than 1 sulfate group per HA repeat unit) resulted in s-HA polymers that bound both VEGF165a and VEGF165b. The C-6 OH sulfated HA (Mw 150 kDa) showed strong binding properties to VEGF165a with a fast association rate constant (Ka; 2.8 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)), slow dissociation rate constant (Kd; 2.8 × 10(-3) s(-1)) and strong equilibrium binding constant (KD; ∼1.0 nM)), which is comparable to the non-selective VEGF165 binding properties of the commercialized therapeutic anti-VEGF antibody (Avastin(®)). The C-6 OH sulfated HA also inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) survival and proliferation and human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) tube formation. These results demonstrate that the semi-synthetic natural polymer, C-6 OH sulfated HA, may be a promising biomaterial for the treatment of angiogenesis-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ryan G. Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institutes for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel S. Kohane
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Sarin H. Pressuromodulation at the cell membrane as the basis for small molecule hormone and peptide regulation of cellular and nuclear function. J Transl Med 2015; 13:372. [PMID: 26610602 PMCID: PMC4660824 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Building on recent knowledge that the specificity of the biological interactions of small molecule hydrophiles and lipophiles across microvascular and epithelial barriers, and with cells, can be predicted on the basis of their conserved biophysical properties, and the knowledge that biological peptides are cell membrane impermeant, it has been further discussed herein that cellular, and thus, nuclear function, are primarily regulated by small molecule hormone and peptide/factor interactions at the cell membrane (CM) receptors. The means of regulating cellular, and thus, nuclear function, are the various forms of CM Pressuromodulation that exist, which include Direct CM Receptor-Mediated Stabilizing Pressuromodulation, sub-classified as Direct CM Receptor-Mediated Stabilizing Shift Pressuromodulation (Single, Dual or Tri) or Direct CM Receptor-Mediated Stabilizing Shift Pressuromodulation (Single, Dual or Tri) cum External Cationomodulation (≥3+ → 1+); which are with respect to acute CM receptor-stabilizing effects of small biomolecule hormones, growth factors or cytokines, and also include Indirect CM- or CM Receptor-Mediated Pressuromodulation, sub-classified as Indirect 1ary CM-Mediated Shift Pressuromodulation (Perturbomodulation), Indirect 2ary CM Receptor-Mediated Shift Pressuromodulation (Tri or Quad Receptor Internal Pseudo-Cationomodulation: SS 1+), Indirect 3ary CM Receptor-Mediated Shift Pressuromodulation (Single or Dual Receptor Endocytic External Cationomodulation: 2+) or Indirect (Pseudo) 3ary CM Receptor-Mediated Shift Pressuromodulation (Receptor Endocytic Hydroxylocarbonyloetheroylomodulation: 0), which are with respect to sub-acute CM receptor-stabilizing effects of small biomolecules, growth factors or cytokines. As a generalization, all forms of CM pressuromodulation decrease CM and nuclear membrane (NM) compliance (whole cell compliance), due to pressuromodulation of the intracellular microtubule network and increases the exocytosis of pre-synthesized vesicular endogolgi peptides and small molecules as well as nuclear-to-rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins to the CM, with the potential to simultaneously increase the NM-associated chromatin DNA transcription of higher molecular weight protein forms, secretory and CM-destined, mitochondrial and nuclear, including the highest molecular weight nuclear proteins, Ki67 (359 kDa) and Separase (230 kDa), with the latter leading to mitogenesis and cell division; while, in the case of growth factors or cytokines with external cationomodulation capability, CM Receptor External Cationomodulation of CM receptors (≥3+ → 1+) results in cationic extracellular interaction (≥3+) with extracellular matrix heparan sulfates (≥3+ → 1+) concomitant with lamellopodesis and cell migration. It can be surmised that the modulation of cellular, and nuclear, function is mostly a reactive process, governed, primarily, by small molecule hormone and peptide interactions at the cell membrane, with CM receptors and the CM itself. These insights taken together, provide valuable translationally applicable knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Sarin
- Freelance Investigator in Translational Science and Medicine, Charleston, WV, USA.
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Jarray R, Pavoni S, Borriello L, Allain B, Lopez N, Bianco S, Liu WQ, Biard D, Demange L, Hermine O, Garbay C, Raynaud F, Lepelletier Y. Disruption of phactr-1 pathway triggers pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic factors: New insights in atherosclerosis development. Biochimie 2015; 118:151-61. [PMID: 26362351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Significant interest has recently emerged for phosphatase and actin regulatory protein (PHACTR1) gene in heart diseases prognosis. However, the functional role of phactr-1 protein remains elusive in heart related-diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification, ischaemic stroke, coronary artery stenosis and early-onset myocardial infarction. Phactr-1 is directly regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor A165 (VEGF-A165) through VEGF receptor 1 (VEGR-1) and Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). Using an antagonist peptide approach to inhibit the interaction of VEGF-A165 to NRP-1 and VEGF-R1, we highlighted the importance of both cysteine residues located at the end of VEGF-A165 exon-7 and at the exon-8 to generate functional peptides, which decreased Phactr-1 expression. Here, we report original data showing Phactr-1 down-expression induces the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) regulators such as Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1/-2) and Reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK). Furthermore, focal adhesion kinases (FAK/PYK2/PAXILLIN) and metabolic stress (AMPK/CREB/eNOS) pathways were inhibited in endothelial cells. Moreover, the decrease of phactr-1 expression induced several factors implicated in atherosclerotic events such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptors (CD36, Clusterin, Cadherin-13), pro-inflammatory proteins including Thrombin, Thrombin receptor 1 (PAR-1), A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease domain-9/-17 (ADAM-9/-17), Trombospondin-2 and Galectin-3. Besides, Phactr-1 down-expression also induces emerging atherosclerosis biomarkers such as semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and TGF-beta-inducible gene h3 (βIG-H3). In this report, we show for the first time the direct evidence of the phactr-1 biological function in the regulation of pro-atherosclerotic molecules. This intriguing result strengthened heart diseases PHACTR-1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) correlation. Taken together, our result highlighted the pivotal role of phactr-1 protein in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafika Jarray
- Sup'Biotech, 66 Rue Guy Môquet, 94800 Villejuif, France; CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Serena Pavoni
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Barbara Allain
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | | | - Sara Bianco
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Wang-Qing Liu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Denis Biard
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Demange
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France; Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), UMR 7272 CNRS, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Normal Hematopoiesis and Hematological Disorders, 24 Boulevard Montparnasse 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, 24 Boulevard Montparnasse 75015 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8254, 24 Boulevard Montparnasse 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christiane Garbay
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Françoise Raynaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT), UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
| | - Yves Lepelletier
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Normal Hematopoiesis and Hematological Disorders, 24 Boulevard Montparnasse 75015 Paris, France; Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, 24 Boulevard Montparnasse 75015 Paris, France; CNRS ERL 8254, 24 Boulevard Montparnasse 75015 Paris, France.
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