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Gao XY, Li XY, Zhang CY, Bai CY. Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1268464. [PMID: 38464713 PMCID: PMC10923241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1268464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin is a coumarin synthesized by diverse medicinal and edible plants, which plays a vital role as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent in the treatment of a variety of diseases. In this review, an overview of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of scopoletin is provided. In addition, the prospects and outlook for future studies are appraised. Scopoletin is indicated to have antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-oxidation, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties and immunomodulatory effects in both in vitro and in vivo experimental trials. In addition, it is an inhibitor of various enzymes, including choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidase. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated the low bioavailability, rapid absorption, and extensive metabolism of scopoletin. These properties may be associated with its poor solubility in aqueous media. In addition, toxicity research indicates the non-toxicity of scopoletin to most cell types tested to date, suggesting that scopoletin will neither induce treatment-associated mortality nor abnormal performance with the test dose. Considering its favorable pharmacological activities, scopoletin has the potential to act as a drug candidate in the treatment of cancer, liver disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, and mental disorders. In view of its merits and limitations, scopoletin is a suitable lead compound for the development of new, efficient, and low-toxicity derivatives. Additional studies are needed to explore its molecular mechanisms and targets, verify its toxicity, and promote its oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gao
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Evaluation of Chinese and Mongolian Pharmacy at Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xu-Yang Li
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhang
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Evaluation of Chinese and Mongolian Pharmacy at Chifeng University, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Chun-Ying Bai
- Basic Medicine College, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Human Genetic Disease Research, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
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Fan L, Wu L, Yu XH, Chen YB, Lin L, Li SG. The ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the genus Erycibe (Convolvulaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114312. [PMID: 34107330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Erycibe belongs to the Convolvulaceae family that contains approximately 70 species mainly distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to north of Australia. Several Erycibe species are traditionally used in folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments, including rheumatic arthralgia, primary glaucoma, hepatopathies, and infectious and malignant diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to summarize comprehensive and updated information on traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Erycibe species to provide a reference for the further research and application of the Erycibe genus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The scientific and extensive literatures between 1975 and 2020 were systematically gathered from scientific databases such as SciFinder Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), as well as Chinese herbal classic books, PhD and MSc theses, and several official websites. RESULTS Erycibe species have been used for the treatment of various rheumatoid diseases, glaucoma, a variety of hepatic diseases, infectious diseases and various malignancies in the traditional and local medicine. Since the 1970s, 153 compounds, including coumarins, quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, and others have been isolated from five species of the Erycibe genus. Pharmacological studies have shown that these extracts and compounds from the Erycibe genus have extensive activities consistent with the traditional and local applications, such as anti-glaucoma, anti-arthritic, hepatoprotective and anti-cancer activities, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and neuroprotective properties. CONCLUSIONS Although there are extensive data on the genus Erycibe, certain specific gaps still exist. For herbal preparations containing Erycibe species, clinical toxicological investigation is required for the safety of these herbal preparation therapies, as well as further investigations on pharmacokinetics and bioavailability for guideline for clinical application. Furthermore, more detailed pharmacological, toxicological and clinical researches are needed to assess the alternatives to Erycibe species. Systematic and comprehensive pre-clinical studies are similarly required to estimate the possibility of extracts and compounds from the genus Erycibe with bioactivity developing into new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xu-Hua Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shuo-Guo Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Gao X, Wu Q, Zhang X, Tian J, Liang D, Min Y, Lu J, Zhang X, Cui L, Xu B, Liu Y. Salvianolate Ameliorates Osteopenia and Improves Bone Quality in Prednisone-Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis Rats by Regulating RANKL/RANK/OPG Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:710169. [PMID: 34552485 PMCID: PMC8450458 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.710169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is closely associated with periarticular osteopenia and leads to a high risk of generalized osteoporosis. Although glucocorticoid (GC) treatment ameliorates joint degradation and manages inflammation in RA, GC application may induce further bone quality deterioration in RA patients. Current treatments for RA lack relevant strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteopenia in RA. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether salvianolate treatment ameliorated osteopenia in prednisone-treated RA rats. Lewis rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were administered prednisone (PDN) or PDN plus salvianolate (PDN+Sal) treatment for 90 days. The effects of Sal were investigated in PDN-treated CIA rats. To further evaluate the effects of Sal under inflammatory conditions, we investigated the effects of Sal treatment on the TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Bone histomorphometry, bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical properties, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of Sal. The results demonstrated that RA induced bone loss and bone quality deterioration, with high bone turnover in CIA rats. PDN+Sal treatment significantly increased BMD and trabecular/cortical bone mass, suppressed inflammation, and improved bone biomechanical properties compared to CIA control and PDN treatment. PDN+Sal treatment significantly suppressed bone resorption and the RANKL and RANKL/OPG ratios compared to PDN. PDN+Sal and PDN treatment significantly inhibited TNF-α by 82 and 83%, respectively, and both suppressed inflammation in CIA rats. However, there was no significant difference between PDN+Sal and PDN treatment alone in regard to bone formation parameters or the management of inflammation and arthropathy. Sal significantly increased Osterix, OPN, and Col1a1 while decreasing RANKL, TRAF6, and TRAIL gene in TNF-α-induced MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Sal significantly increased Osterix, OPN and RUNX2 while decreasing NF-κB, TRAF6 and IL-1β protein in TNF-α-induced MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. The results suggested that salvianolate treatment ameliorated osteopenia and improved bone quality in prednisone-treated RA rats, and the potential mechanism may be related to the regulation of the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway, TRAIL-TRAF6-NFκB signal axis, and downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Salvianolate could be used as a promising supplemental therapeutic strategy to ameliorate osteopenia and improve bone quality in GC-treated RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingyun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, China
| | - Xinle Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dahong Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yalin Min
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bilian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Clinic Research Institute of Zhanjiang, Affiliated Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Richter-Levin G, Sandi C. Title: "Labels Matter: Is it stress or is it Trauma?". Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:385. [PMID: 34247187 PMCID: PMC8272714 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In neuroscience, the term 'Stress' has a negative connotation because of its potential to trigger or exacerbate psychopathologies. Yet in the face of exposure to stress, the more common reaction to stress is resilience, indicating that resilience is the rule and stress-related pathology the exception. This is critical because neural mechanisms associated with stress-related psychopathology are expected to differ significantly from those associated with resilience.Research labels and terminology affect research directions, conclusions drawn from the results, and the way we think about a topic, while choice of labels is often influenced by biases and hidden assumptions. It is therefore important to adopt a terminology that differentiates between stress conditions, leading to different outcomes.Here, we propose to conceptually associate the term 'stress'/'stressful experience' with 'stress resilience', while restricting the use of the term 'trauma' only in reference to exposures that lead to pathology. We acknowledge that there are as yet no ideal ways for addressing the murkiness of the border between stressful and traumatic experiences. Yet ignoring these differences hampers our ability to elucidate the mechanisms of trauma-related pathologies on the one hand, and of stress resilience on the other. Accordingly, we discuss how to translate such conceptual terminology into research practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zhang X, Wu X, Min Y, Lu J, Zhang X, Chen W, Zou L, Lv X, Cui L, Xu B. Effect of prednisone treatment for 30 and 90 days on bone metabolism in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2018; 36:628-639. [PMID: 29124434 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are often prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the long term, but there is still controversy in the administration of GCs, mainly because of the adverse reactions such as osteoporosis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that osteoporosis could be induced by GCs in normal rats. However, few experiments have focused on whether osteoporosis could be induced or aggravated by GCs in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats. We have investigated bone changes in CIA rats treated with prednisone at 4.5 mg/kg/day for 30 and 90 days by bone histomorphometry, bone mineral density (BMD), micro-CT, biomechanical test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. We found that high bone turnover osteoporosis was shown in CIA rats. Prednisone treatment for 30 and 90 days improved articular structure and decelerated the degeneration of the femur in CIA rats, but did not improve BMD and bone biomechanics. We conclude that osteoporosis was not aggravated in CIA rats treated with prednisone for 30 and 90 days. On the contrary, prednisone treatment for 30 and 90 days could prevent bone loss of the femur in CIA rats. There was a negative effect on bone metabolism in CIA rats treated with prednisone for 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuna Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Yalin Min
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Huizhou First People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516002, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenshuang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyi Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohua Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Bilian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China.
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Wu Q, Xiong X, Zhang X, Lu J, Zhang X, Chen W, Wu T, Cui L, Liu Y, Xu B. Secondary osteoporosis in collagen-induced arthritis rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2016. [PMID: 26210858 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is often associated with bone loss; however, few experiments have focused on cancellous and cortical bone changes in rats during the process of arthritis. We have investigated bone changes in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and have explored the characteristics of how RA induces osteoporosis by means of bone histomorphometry, bone biomechanics studies, bone mineral density studies, micro computer tomography, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. Bone mineral density of the femur and lumbar vertebrae and biomechanical properties of the femur were decreased in CIA rats. Trabecular bone volume of the tibia and lumbar vertebrae was decreased whereas bone resorption was increased in CIA rats. Bone formation of the tibial shaft in periosteal surfaces was decreased in CIA rats. Furthermore, the trabecular bone loss in CIA rats was severer at 16 weeks than at 8 weeks, as was cortical bone loss. The serum level of tumor necrosis factor α in CIA rats was increased, and the expression of dickkopf 1 and that of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANKL) ligand (RANKL) in the ankle joints were also increased, but the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) was decreased. We conclude that CIA rats developed systemic osteoporosis, and that osteoporosis became more serious with CIA development. The mechanism may be related to the increase of bone resorption in cancellous bone cause by upregulation of the expression of DKK-1 and regulation of the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway, and the decrease of bone formation in cortical bone caused by an increase in the expression of DKK-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinle Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming Donglu, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Pan R, Gao XH, Li Y, Xia YF, Dai Y. Anti-arthritic effect of scopoletin, a coumarin compound occurring in Erycibe obtusifolia Benth stems, is associated with decreased angiogenesis in synovium. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2009; 24:477-90. [PMID: 19845767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Scopoletin is the main constituent of coumarin found in the stems of Erycibe obtusifolia Benth, a traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We have previously demonstrated that scopoletin is able to decrease the serum level of uric acid in hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium oxonate, and attenuate croton oil-induced inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-arthritic effects of scopoletin in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis by assessing paw swelling, pathology, and synovial angiogenesis. It was found that scopoletin, injected intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100 mg/kg, reduced both inoculated and non-inoculated paw swelling as well as articular index scores, and elevated the mean body weight of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Rats treated with higher dose of scopoletin showed a near-normal histological architecture of the joints and a reduced new blood vessel formation in the synovial tissues. Furthermore, scopoletin downregulated the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin 6 in the synovial tissues of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. In conclusion, scopoletin is capable of ameliorating clinical symptoms of rat adjuvant-induced arthritis, by reducing numbers of new blood vessels in the synovium and the production of important endogenous angiogenic inducers. Therefore, this compound may be a potential agent for angiogenesis-related diseases and could serve as a structural base for screening more potent synthetic analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Pan
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shennong Road, Nanjing 210038, Jiangsu Province, China
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Agren G, Lund I, Thiblin I, Lundeberg T. Tail skin temperatures reflect coping styles in rats. Physiol Behav 2008; 96:374-82. [PMID: 19041659 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to elucidate the predictive value of tail skin temperatures (TSTs) assessed in naïve rats as a non-invasive pre-experimental method of classification of coping style. Male Lewis rats were classified according to tail skin temperatures (TST), and relative size within cage-groups. TSTs were monitored over two-hour periods following exposure to physical and emotional stressors. Bodyweight-shifts associated to the experiments were analysed. Six organs of neuroendocrine relevance to allostasis were weighed. Challenge-specific TST-profiles were size-related and consistent with proactive or reactive coping. Pro-active (A) rats showed a more pronounced TST-response to unknown conspecifics, but reactive (B) rats to environmental novelties. B-rats showed challenge-specific weight-losses while A-rats gained more after experiments. Second size males showed rapidly decreased TSTs (vasoconstriction) after nociceptive stimulation. Males that showed the highest basal TSTs and weight-loss in emotionality tests had lost a first rank position during a pre-experimental period, suggesting long-lasting effects of social defeat. Pre-experimental growth correlated positively to adiposisity post-experimentally, but negatively to testes relative weight in B-rats. Scaling effects explained heart-size in B-rats and pituitary-size in A-rats. The overall patterns that emerged, in factor analyses including organ sizes, were consistent with pro-active coping in A-rats and reactive in B-rats. Our results, controlling for rank-effects, suggest that non-invasively assessed TSTs may predict individual stress-coping phenotypes pre-experimentally in rats housed in groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Agren
- Department of Forensic Medicine, RMV, Box 1024, SE 751 40, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Seres-Mailo J, Roman O, Pometlova M, Skurlova M, Stofkova A, Jurcovicova J. Early stage of adjuvant arthritis alters behavioral responses in male but not female rats. Rheumatol Int 2008; 28:867-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-008-0537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu YH, Zhang HY, Zang HM, Cheng JC, Li YM. [Effects of kangfengshi granules on expressions of osteoprotegerin, RANKL and M-CSF in bone tissues of rats with collagen-induced arthritis]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 4:307-10. [PMID: 16696922 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of Kangfengshi Granules (KFSG) on expressions of the mRNAs of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in bone tissues of rats with collagen-induced arthritis. METHODS Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, untreated group, cyclosporine A (CsA)-treated group and KFSG-treated group. Except the rats in the normal control group, all the other rats received subcutaneous injection of collagen II to establish collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models. Then the rats in each group were fed normal saline or corresponding drugs for four weeks. Total RNA was extracted from carpal and digital bones. The expressions of OPG, RANKL and M-CSF mRNAs were examined by real-time PCR. RESULTS The total incidence of arthritis induced by collagen II in the rats was approximately 90%. The expression levels of RANKL and M-CSF mRNAs and the RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA ratio in the untreated group, KFSG-treated group and CsA-treated group were all significantly higher than those in the normal control group, while the expression levels of OPG mRNA in those three groups were significantly lower than that in the normal control group. The expression level of OPG mRNA in the KFSG-treated group was obviously higher while the expression level of M-CSF mRNA and the RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA ratio in the same group were both lower as compared with those in the untreated group. CONCLUSION The molecular mechanism of effects of KFSG on bone erosion and destruction induced by rheumatoid arthritis is closely correlated with up-regulating the expression of OPG mRNA, down-regulating the expression of M-CSF mRNA and RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA ratio.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Collagen Type II
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Female
- Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/biosynthesis
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Male
- Osteoprotegerin
- Phytotherapy
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Random Allocation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital, Xioan Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China.
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Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ. Stress, genetics, and immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2006; 20:313-6. [PMID: 16495034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Kavelaars
- Laboratory of Psychoneuroimmunology, Division of Perinatology and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
We have summarised evidence in the literature for modulatory effects of stress on inflammatory autoimmune disease. We find that overall there is strong evidence for such an interrelationship. Apparent discrepancies between groups and studies are probably due to differences in experimental design, whether longitudinal or retrospective. Other important variables are the specific effects of different types of stress and the intensity and timing of the stressor relative to onset of inflammation. We conclude that there is much of benefit to be learned from scientific study of stress, such as harnessing and rationalising of stressful experiences through self-expression in patients, or the identification of novel anti-inflammatory compounds activated by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Jessop
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, UK.
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Sajti E, Kavelaars A, van Meeteren N, Teunis M, Gispen WH, Heijnen C. Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis formation are associated with individual differences in behavior of inbred Lewis rats. Brain Behav Immun 2004; 18:497-504. [PMID: 15331120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2003] [Revised: 11/12/2003] [Accepted: 11/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are large individual differences in cancer progression and it has been suggested that behavioral and psychological characteristics of cancer patients may contribute to the course of the disease. To get more insight in the contribution of behavioral characteristics to cancer progression, we investigated in rats, whether a stable behavioral trait characteristic is associated with NK cell activity, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis formation. Lewis rats were characterized based on locomotor activity in an open field. Rats in the upper and lower quartile were designated as high and low active rats. Low active animals had higher NK cell activity compared to their high active counterparts. In addition, we examined tumor angiogenesis by using a subcutaneous Matrigel implant containing MADB106 adenocarcinoma cells. Tumor Matrigel implants from low active animals contained significantly more hemoglobin compared to implants from high active animals, indicating a more pronounced angiogenic response in the low active animals. Finally, experimental lung metastasis formation was investigated by injecting MADB106 cells into the tail vein. Low active animals tended to develop more metastases. Moreover, low active animals developed significantly more tumors with a diameter larger than 2 mm, which is in line with higher angiogenic capacity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that individual differences in a stable behavioral trait are linked to individual differences in angiogenic capacity and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikö Sajti
- Lab for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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