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Frueh L, Sharma R, Sheffield PE, Clougherty JE. Community violence and asthma: A review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024:S1081-1206(24)00453-8. [PMID: 39038705 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, epidemiologic studies have identified significant associations between exposure to violence, as a psychosocial stressor, and the incidence or exacerbation of asthma. Across diverse populations, study designs, and measures of community violence, researchers have consistently identified adverse associations. In this review, the published epidemiologic evidence is summarized with special attention to research published in the last 5 years and seminal papers. Hypothesized mechanisms for the direct effects of violence exposure and for how such exposure affects susceptibility to physical agents (eg, air pollution and extreme temperature) are discussed. These include stress-related pathways, behavioral mechanisms, and epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, clinical implications and recommendations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Frueh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Rachit Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Perry E Sheffield
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science and Public Health and Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jane E Clougherty
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Paoletti J, Phetmisy CN, Lai VD, Fagundes CP. Perceived income inadequacy is associated with Epstein-Barr Virus latency and mental health outcomes in informal caregivers who are also employed in the healthcare industry. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 158:106388. [PMID: 37729703 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Finances are a prevalent source of stress. In a sample of 799 nursing home workers measured multiple times over 18 months, we found that higher perceived income inadequacy, the perception that one's expenses exceeds one's incomes, was associated with poorer self-reported mental health indicators and Epstein-Barr Virus antibody titers (a marker of cell-mediated immune function). Perceived income inadequacy predicted outcomes over and above the role of other socioeconomic status variables (objective household income and education). Mental health variables were not related to Epstein-Barr Virus antibody titers. Additionally, we found an interaction between perceived income inadequacy and informal caregiver status on our mental health outcomes; informal caregivers with higher perceived income inadequacy had poorer mental health than non-caregivers with the same perceived income inadequacy. Our findings may add nuance to the reserve capacity model, which states that those at lower socioeconomic levels are at higher risk of adverse health outcomes partly because they have fewer resources to address demands and strain. Perceived income inadequacy may significantly predict mental and physical well-being beyond other socioeconomic status variables, especially among lower-income employees. Caregiving stress and perceived income inadequacy may have synergistic effects on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christopher P Fagundes
- Rice University, USA; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, USA
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Jiang Y, Knauft KM, Richardson CME, Chung T, Wu B, Zilioli S. Age and Sex Differences in the Associations Among Socioeconomic Status, Affective Reactivity to Daily Stressors, and Physical Health in the MIDUS Study. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:942-950. [PMID: 37369129 PMCID: PMC10578394 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) is robustly associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality. Affective reactivity to daily stressors has been proposed to be a mediator for this association. However, few longitudinal studies have empirically tested the indirect effect of SES on health through affective reactivity to daily stressors. PURPOSE This study aimed to test the indirect effect of SES on physical health via affective reactivity to daily stressors over a 10-year period and to explore age and sex differences in such indirect effect. METHODS Data were drawn from a subsample of 1,522 middle-aged and older adults (34-83 years of age, 57.2% female, 83.5% White) from the Midlife in the United States study. SES (i.e., education, household income, indicators of financial distress) was assessed in 2004-2006. Affective reactivity to daily stressors was computed using data collected during the 8-day daily stress assessment in 2004-2009. Self-reported physical health conditions were assessed in 2004-2006 and 2013-2014. RESULTS There was a significant indirect effect of lower SES on more physical health conditions via elevated negative affective reactivity to daily stressors among women but not men. The indirect effect of SES on physical health conditions via negative affective reactivity to daily stressors was consistent across the middle and older adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that negative affective reactivity to daily stressors might be a key intermediate process contributing to persistent SES disparities in physical health, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jiang
- Center for Population Behavioral Health, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Tammy Chung
- Center for Population Behavioral Health, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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San Sebastián EX, Stoor JP, San Sebastian M. Prevalence and risk factors for self-reported asthma among sámi in Sweden: a cross-sectional study. J Asthma 2023; 60:1646-1652. [PMID: 36651812 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2169933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Literature about asthma among Indigenous communities worldwide is scarce. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-reported asthma and to identify the risk factors associated with it among the Sámi population in Sweden. METHODS A population-based health study (SámiHET) was conducted among the Sámi population aged 18-84 years in 2021. The asthma outcome was self-reported. Potential risk factors included sociodemographic, socioeconomic, cultural, behavioral and psychosomatic factors. Frequencies and percentages of the independent variables and the outcome were calculated. Then, the magnitude of the association between the independent variables and asthma was summarized with the prevalence ratio (PR) using the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for inferential purposes. RESULTS Overall, 20.6% of participants reported having asthma and 13.9% suffering from asthma with symptoms. Women (PR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01-1.42), those living in the Västerbotten region (PR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.11-1.63) and those suffering financial strain (PR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.07-1.69) had a higher risk of self-reported asthma. Among the psychosomatic factors, self-reported allergy (PR: 6.45; 95% CI: 5.11-8.17), overweight (PR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.19-1.78) and obesity (PR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.41-2.17) were statistically significant associated to asthma symptoms. CONCLUSION A higher prevalence of asthma was found among the Sámi in Sweden compared to the average Swedish population. The associated risk factors were similar to those described in the literature. To understand the reason behind the higher prevalence of asthma among Sámi, more asthma-specific research, including register data, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Xabier San Sebastián
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Lávvuo-Research and Education for Sámi Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon Petter Stoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Lávvuo-Research and Education for Sámi Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for Sámi Health Research, Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Miguel San Sebastian
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Lávvuo-Research and Education for Sámi Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Lam PH, Chen E, Chiang JJ, Miller GE. Socioeconomic disadvantage, chronic stress, and proinflammatory phenotype: an integrative data analysis across the lifecourse. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac219. [PMID: 36329724 PMCID: PMC9615129 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic disadvantage confers risk for many chronic illnesses, and theories have highlighted chronic psychological stress and alterations to inflammatory processes as key pathways. Specifically, disadvantage can heighten chronic stress, which may promote a proinflammatory phenotype characterized by immune cells mounting exaggerated cytokine responses to challenge and being less sensitive to inhibitory signals. Importantly, lifecourse perspectives emphasize that such immune alterations should be more potent earlier in life during a sensitive period when bodily tissues are highly plastic to environmental inputs. However, examining these propositions is resource intensive, as they require cell-culturing approaches to model functional inflammatory activities, a wide age range, and longitudinal data. Here, we integrated data from five independent studies to create a diverse sample of 1,607 individuals (960 with longitudinal data; 8 to 64 years old; 359 Asian, 205 Black, and 151 Latino/a). Leveraging the resulting lifecourse data, rich interview assessments of disadvantage and stress, and ex vivo assessments of inflammation, we examined two questions: (1) Does chronic stress account for the link between disadvantage and proinflammatory phenotype? (2) Is there a developmental period during which inflammatory responses are more sensitive to disadvantage and chronic stress? Disadvantage was associated with higher chronic stress, which was linked with a proinflammatory phenotype cross-sectionally, longitudinally, and in terms of prospective change across 1.5 to 2 years. Consistent with the sensitive period hypothesis, the magnitude of these indirect associations was strongest in earlier decades and declined across the lifecourse. These findings highlight the importance of taking a lifecourse perspective in examining health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jessica J Chiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 306 N White-Gravenor Hall, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Brinkworth JF, Shaw JG. On race, human variation, and who gets and dies of sepsis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9544695 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F. Brinkworth
- Department of Anthropology University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - J. Grace Shaw
- Department of Anthropology University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
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