1
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He J, Zheng F, Zhang L, Cai J, Ogawa Y, Tsubota K, Liu S, Jin X. Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals the transcriptional landscape of lacrimal gland in GVHD mouse model. Ocul Surf 2024; 33:50-63. [PMID: 38703817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the global transcriptional landscape of lacrimal gland cell populations in the GVHD mouse model. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing and further bioinformatic analysis of dissociated lacrimal gland (LG) cells from the mouse model were performed. Parts of transcriptional results were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS We identified 23 cell populations belonging to 11 cell types. In GVHD LG, the proportion of acinar cells, myoepithelial cells, and endothelial cells was remarkably decreased, while T cells and macrophages were significantly expanded. Gene expression analysis indicated decreased secretion function, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, and increased chemokines of myoepithelial cells. A newly described epithelial population named Lrg1high epithelial cells, expressing distinct gene signatures, was exclusively identified in GVHD LG. The fibroblasts exhibited an inflammation gene pattern. The gene pattern of endothelial cells suggested an increased ability to recruit immune cells and damaged cell-cell junctions. T cells were mainly comprised of Th2 cells and effective memory CD8+ T cells. GVHD macrophages exhibited a Th2 cell-linked pattern. CONCLUSIONS This single-cell atlas uncovered alterations of proportion and gene expression patterns of cell populations and constructed cell-cell communication networks of GVHD LG. These data may provide some new insight into understanding the development of ocular GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang He
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuming Jin
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Steven P, Perez VL, Sharma A. Murine models of graft versus host disease (GVHD): Focus on ocular GVHD. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:179-186. [PMID: 37742740 PMCID: PMC10841907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) remains a major and serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Based on the time of onset, clinical phenotypes, progression kinetics, and pathophysiology, GVHD is stratified into acute, chronic, and overlapping types. The eyes are among the most commonly affected organs in GVHD. Mouse models have played an important role in understanding the several key elements of GVHD pathobiology. The current review discusses the immunology, pathology, and key phenotypic features of mouse models of systemic GVHD. Furthermore, a critical appraisal of mouse models of ocular GVHD (oGVHD) is provided. The disease mechanisms underlying the ocular surface, meibomian gland, and lacrimal gland injury in these models are reviewed, and the relevance of oGVHD murine models to clinical oGVHD is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Steven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division for Dry-Eye and Ocular GVHD, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Victor L Perez
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States.
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3
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Neidemire-Colley L, Robert J, Ackaoui A, Dorrance AM, Guimond M, Ranganathan P. Role of endothelial cells in graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033490. [PMID: 36505438 PMCID: PMC9727380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the only curative treatment for high-risk or refractory hematologic malignancies non-responsive to standard chemotherapy is allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation (allo-HCT). Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a donor T cell-mediated immunological disorder that is frequently fatal and the leading cause of non-relapse mortality (NRM) in patients post allo-HCT. The pathogenesis of acute GVHD involves recognition of minor and/or major HLA mismatched host antigens by donor T cells followed by expansion, migration and finally end-organ damage due to combination of inflammatory cytokine secretion and direct cytotoxic effects. The endothelium is a thin layer of endothelial cells (EC) that line the innermost portion of the blood vessels and a key regulator in vascular homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Endothelial cells are activated by a wide range of inflammatory mediators including bacterial products, contents released from dying/apoptotic cells and cytokines and respond by secreting cytokines/chemokines that facilitate the recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells to the site of inflammation. Endothelial cells can also be damaged prior to transplant as well as by alloreactive donor T cells. Prolonged EC activation results in dysfunction that plays a role in multiple post-transplant complications including but not limited to veno-occlusive disease (VOD), transplant associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. In this mini review, we summarize the biology of endothelial cells, factors regulating EC activation and the role of ECs in inflammation and GVHD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus Neidemire-Colley
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jérémy Robert
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Ackaoui
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Adrienne M. Dorrance
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Martin Guimond
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Collège Bois de Boulogne, Montréal, QC, Canada,Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Parvathi Ranganathan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Parvathi Ranganathan,
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4
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Heo SK, Noh EK, Lee YJ, Shin Y, Kim Y, Im HS, Kim H, Koh SJ, Min YJ, Jo JC, Choi Y. The soluble VCAM-1 level is a potential biomarker predicting severe acute graft versus host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:997. [PMID: 36127634 PMCID: PMC9487033 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the main reason for non-relapse mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We investigated the serum protein profiles of patients who had undergone HCT to identify predictive biomarkers of severe acute GVHD (aGVHD). Methods Serum samples were collected for 30 patients from day − 7 to day + 14 of HCT. The serum levels of plasma beta2-microglobulin (β2-MG), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), platelet factor 4, and TNFSF-14 were measured by ELISA as potential biomarkers following 310 cytokine profiling array. Results The median age of the study patients was 53.5 years (range, 19–69). All grade and grade 2–4 aGVHD developed in 21 (70.0%) and 17 (56.7%) patients, respectively. Compared with their baseline levels on day − 7, β2-MG and sVCAM-1 were significantly increased on day + 14 of the HCT procedure (P = 0.028 and P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with a grade 2–4 severe aGVHD showed a significantly higher sVCAM-1 level at baseline (day-7) and at day + 14, compared with the other group with a grade 1 aGVHD or no aGVHD (P = 0.028 and P = 0.035, respectively). Conclusion Higher sVCAM- levels at baseline and on day + 14 in HCT patients could be a significant predictive biomarker of severe aGVHD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10096-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyoung Heo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Kyu Noh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerang Shin
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Su Im
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Kim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Koh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Min
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheol Jo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunsuk Choi
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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5
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Song Q, Kong X, Martin PJ, Zeng D. Murine Models Provide New Insights Into Pathogenesis of Chronic Graft- Versus-Host Disease in Humans. Front Immunol 2021; 12:700857. [PMID: 34539630 PMCID: PMC8446193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.700857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a curative therapy for hematologic malignancies, but its success is complicated by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD can be divided into acute and chronic types. Acute GVHD represents an acute alloimmune inflammatory response initiated by donor T cells that recognize recipient alloantigens. Chronic GVHD has a more complex pathophysiology involving donor-derived T cells that recognize recipient-specific antigens, donor-specific antigens, and antigens shared by the recipient and donor. Antibodies produced by donor B cells contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD but not acute GVHD. Acute GVHD can often be effectively controlled by treatment with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressant for a period of weeks, but successful control of chronic GVHD requires much longer treatment. Therefore, chronic GVHD remains the major cause of long-term morbidity and mortality after allo-HCT. Murine models of allo-HCT have made great contributions to our understanding pathogenesis of acute and chronic GVHD. In this review, we summarize new mechanistic findings from murine models of chronic GVHD, and we discuss the relevance of these insights to chronic GVHD pathogenesis in humans and their potential impact on clinical prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Song
- Riggs Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Kong
- Riggs Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Paul J Martin
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Defu Zeng
- Riggs Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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6
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Pereira M, Lee NT, Noonan J, Willcox AEH, Calvello I, Georgy SR, Selan C, Chia JS, Hauw W, Wang X, Peter K, Robson SC, Nandurkar HH, Sashindranath M. Early Endothelial Activation in a Mouse Model of Graft vs Host Disease Following Chemotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708554. [PMID: 34421913 PMCID: PMC8374081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) can lead to sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in some individuals. GvHD is characterised by an immune triggered response that arises due to donor T cells recognizing the recipient tissue as “foreign”. SOS results in impaired liver function due to microvascular thrombosis and consequent obstruction of liver sinusoids. Endothelial damage occurs following chemotherapy and allo-HSCT and is strongly associated with GvHD onset as well as hepatic SOS. Animal models of GvHD are rarely clinically relevant, and endothelial dysfunction remains uncharacterised. Here we established and characterised a clinically relevant model of GvHD wherein Balb/C mice were subjected to myeloablative chemotherapy followed by transplantation of bone marrow (BM) cells± splenic T-cells from C57Bl6 mice, resulting in a mismatch of major histocompatibility complexes (MHC). Onset of disease indicated by weight loss and apoptosis in the liver and intestine was discovered at day 6 post-transplant in mice receiving BM+T-cells, with established GvHD detectable by histology of the liver within 3 weeks. Together with significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the liver and intestine, histopathological signs of GvHD and a significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ effector and memory T-cells were seen. Endothelial activation including upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)- 1 and downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as thrombosis in the liver indicated concomitant hepatic SOS. Our findings confirm that endothelial activation is an early sign of acute GvHD and SOS in a clinically relevant mouse model of GvHD based on myeloablative chemotherapy. Preventing endothelial activation may be a viable therapeutic strategy to prevent GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melrine Pereira
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha Ting Lee
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Noonan
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Abbey E H Willcox
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Ilaria Calvello
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Smitha Rose Georgy
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Carly Selan
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne S Chia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Wayne Hauw
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon C Robson
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Harshal H Nandurkar
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Maithili Sashindranath
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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7
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Thymopoiesis, Alterations in Dendritic Cells and Tregs, and Reduced T Cell Activation in Successful Extracorporeal Photopheresis Treatment of GVHD. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1016-1030. [PMID: 33651234 PMCID: PMC8249294 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-00991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a significant complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and negatively affects T cell reconstitution. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) reduces aGVHD, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Our objective was to examine the impact of ECP on thymopoiesis in pediatric aGVHD and the mechanisms at a cellular and transcriptional level. Sixteen pediatric HSCT patients were recruited: 6 with ECP-treated aGVHD, 5 without aGVHD, and 5 with aGVHD treated with corticosteroids only. Thymopoiesis was evaluated by measuring naive T cells, TRECs, IL-7, and T cell receptor repertoire diversity. Regulatory T cell (Treg) enumeration and function and dendritic cell (DC) enumeration and phenotype were analyzed using flow cytometry. T cell transcriptome analysis was performed on ECP patients after treatment and responders pre- and post-treatment. Four ECP responders demonstrated thymic-dependent T cell recovery, and superior median naïve T cell numbers at 8 and 12 months post-HSCT compared to the aGVHD corticosteroid group. Increased Tregs and Treg suppressive function, reduced cDC/pDC and DC co-stimulatory marker expression in ECP responders suggest upregulated peripheral tolerance; these findings were not observed in partial responders. Responder post-ECP CD3+ T cell transcriptional profile demonstrated 3333 downregulated and 364 upregulated genes, with significant downregulation of ERRα and GαS pathways, and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory and adhesion proteins. Thymic function improves with successful ECP treatment. ECP reduces T cell activation and impacts peripheral tolerance via DCs and Tregs. Differences in thymic recovery, DC, and Treg cellular patterns and the T cell transcriptome were observed between ECP responders and partial responders and require further validation and investigation in additional patients.
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8
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Bäuerlein CA, Qureischi M, Mokhtari Z, Tabares P, Brede C, Jordán Garrote AL, Riedel SS, Chopra M, Reu S, Mottok A, Arellano-Viera E, Graf C, Kurzwart M, Schmiedgen K, Einsele H, Wölfl M, Schlegel PG, Beilhack A. A T-Cell Surface Marker Panel Predicts Murine Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:593321. [PMID: 33584657 PMCID: PMC7880247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.593321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a severe and often life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). AGvHD is mediated by alloreactive donor T-cells targeting predominantly the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and skin. Recent work in mice and patients undergoing allo-HCT showed that alloreactive T-cells can be identified by the expression of α4β7 integrin on T-cells even before manifestation of an aGvHD. Here, we investigated whether the detection of a combination of the expression of T-cell surface markers on peripheral blood (PB) CD8+ T-cells would improve the ability to predict aGvHD. To this end, we employed two independent preclinical models of minor histocompatibility antigen mismatched allo-HCT following myeloablative conditioning. Expression profiles of integrins, selectins, chemokine receptors, and activation markers of PB donor T-cells were measured with multiparameter flow cytometry at multiple time points before the onset of clinical aGvHD symptoms. In both allo-HCT models, we demonstrated a significant upregulation of α4β7 integrin, CD162E, CD162P, and conversely, a downregulation of CD62L on donor T-cells, which could be correlated with the development of aGvHD. Other surface markers, such as CD25, CD69, and CC-chemokine receptors were not found to be predictive markers. Based on these preclinical data from mouse models, we propose a surface marker panel on peripheral blood T-cells after allo-HCT combining α4β7 integrin with CD62L, CD162E, and CD162P (cutaneous lymphocyte antigens, CLA, in humans) to identify patients at risk for developing aGvHD early after allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina A Bäuerlein
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Musga Qureischi
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zeinab Mokhtari
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paula Tabares
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Brede
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Laura Jordán Garrote
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simone S Riedel
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Chopra
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simone Reu
- Institute of Pathology, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anja Mottok
- Institute of Pathology, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Estibaliz Arellano-Viera
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Graf
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Kurzwart
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmiedgen
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul-Gerhardt Schlegel
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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A critical role of the Gas6-Mer axis in endothelial dysfunction contributing to TA-TMA associated with GVHD. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2128-2143. [PMID: 31300420 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction in the early phases of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) contributes to a common pathology between transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which are serious complications of HSCT. Growth arrest-specific (Gas) 6 structurally belongs to the family of plasma vitamin K-dependent proteins working as a cofactor for activated protein C, and has growth factor-like properties through its interaction with receptor tyrosine kinases of the TAM family: Tyro3, Axl, and Mer. Serum Gas6 levels were significantly increased in HSCT patients with grade II to IV acute GVHD (aGVHD), and Gas6 and Mer expression levels were upregulated in aGVHD lesions of the large intestine and skin. The increased serum Gas6 levels were also correlated with elevated lactate dehydrogenase, d-dimer, and plasmin inhibitor complex values in HSCT patients with aGVHD. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs), exogenous Gas6 or the exposure of sera isolated from patients with grade III aGVHD to ECs induced the downregulation of thrombomodulin and the upregulation of PAI-1, as well as the upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, which were inhibited by UNC2250, a selective Mer tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In mouse HSCT models, we observed hepatic GVHD with hepatocellular apoptosis, necrosis, and fibrosis, as well as TA-TMA, which is characterized pathologically by thrombosis formation in the microvasculature of the liver and kidney. Of note, intravenous administration of UNC2250 markedly suppressed GVHD and TA-TMA in these mouse HSCT models. Our findings suggest that the Gas6-Mer axis is a promising target for TA-TMA after GVHD.
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García-Bernal D, Palomo M, Martínez CM, Millán-Rivero JE, García-Guillén AI, Blanquer M, Díaz-Ricart M, Sackstein R, Carreras E, Moraleda JM. Defibrotide inhibits donor leucocyte-endothelial interactions and protects against acute graft-versus-host disease. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8031-8044. [PMID: 32519822 PMCID: PMC7348164 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) is an effective therapy for the treatment of high‐risk haematological malignant disorders and other life‐threatening haematological and genetic diseases. Acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGvHD) remains the most frequent cause of non‐relapse mortality following allo‐HCT and limits its extensive clinical application. Current pharmacologic agents used for prophylaxis and treatment of aGvHD are not uniformly successful and have serious secondary side effects. Therefore, more effective and safe prophylaxis and therapy for aGvHD are an unmet clinical need. Defibrotide is a multi‐target drug successfully employed for prophylaxis and treatment of veno‐occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Recent preliminary clinical data have suggested some efficacy of defibrotide in the prevention of aGvHD after allo‐HCT. Using a fully MHC‐mismatched murine model of allo‐HCT, we report here that defibrotide, either in prophylaxis or treatment, is effective in preventing T cell and neutrophil infiltration and aGvHD‐associated tissue injury, thus reducing aGvHD incidence and severity, with significantly improved survival after allo‐HCT. Moreover, we performed in vitro mechanistic studies using human cells revealing that defibrotide inhibits leucocyte‐endothelial interactions by down‐regulating expression of key endothelial adhesion molecules involved in leucocyte trafficking. Together, these findings provide evidence that defibrotide may represent an effective and safe clinical alternative for both prophylaxis and treatment of aGvHD after allo‐HCT, paving the way for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Palomo
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Centre de Diagnostic Biomedic (CBD), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Endothelium Team, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos M Martínez
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - José E Millán-Rivero
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana I García-Guillén
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maribel Díaz-Ricart
- Hematopathology, Department of Pathology, Centre de Diagnostic Biomedic (CBD), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Endothelium Team, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, and the Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Enric Carreras
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Endothelium Team, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Moraleda
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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11
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Initiation of acute graft-versus-host disease by angiogenesis. Blood 2017; 129:2021-2032. [PMID: 28096092 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-736314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of inflammation-associated angiogenesis ameliorates inflammatory diseases by reducing the recruitment of tissue-infiltrating leukocytes. However, it is not known if angiogenesis has an active role during the initiation of inflammation or if it is merely a secondary effect occurring in response to stimuli by tissue-infiltrating leukocytes. Here, we show that angiogenesis precedes leukocyte infiltration in experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We found that angiogenesis occurred as early as day+2 after allogeneic transplantation mainly in GVHD typical target organs skin, liver, and intestines, whereas no angiogenic changes appeared due to conditioning or syngeneic transplantation. The initiation phase of angiogenesis was not associated with classical endothelial cell (EC) activation signs, such as Vegfa/VEGFR1+2 upregulation or increased adhesion molecule expression. During early GVHD at day+2, we found significant metabolic and cytoskeleton changes in target organ ECs in gene array and proteomic analyses. These modifications have significant functional consequences as indicated by profoundly higher deformation in real-time deformability cytometry. Our results demonstrate that metabolic changes trigger alterations in cell mechanics, leading to enhanced migratory and proliferative potential of ECs during the initiation of inflammation. Our study adds evidence to the hypothesis that angiogenesis is involved in the initiation of tissue inflammation during GVHD.
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12
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Boieri M, Shah P, Dressel R, Inngjerdingen M. The Role of Animal Models in the Study of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and GvHD: A Historical Overview. Front Immunol 2016; 7:333. [PMID: 27625651 PMCID: PMC5003882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only therapeutic option for many hematological malignancies, but its applicability is limited by life-threatening complications, such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). The last decades have seen great advances in the understanding of BMT and its related complications; in particular GvHD. Animal models are beneficial to study complex diseases, as they allow dissecting the contribution of single components in the development of the disease. Most of the current knowledge on the therapeutic mechanisms of BMT derives from studies in animal models. Parallel to BMT, the understanding of the pathophysiology of GvHD, as well as the development of new treatment regimens, has also been supported by studies in animal models. Pre-clinical experimentation is the basis for deep understanding and successful improvements of clinical applications. In this review, we retrace the history of BMT and GvHD by describing how the studies in animal models have paved the way to the many advances in the field. We also describe how animal models contributed to the understanding of GvHD pathophysiology and how they are fundamental for the discovery of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Boieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pranali Shah
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Ralf Dressel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Marit Inngjerdingen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Zhou V, Agle K, Chen X, Beres A, Komorowski R, Belle L, Taylor C, Zhu F, Haribhai D, Williams CB, Verbsky J, Blumenschein W, Sadekova S, Bowman E, Ballantyne C, Weaver C, Serody DA, Vincent B, Serody J, Cua DJ, Drobyski WR. A colitogenic memory CD4+ T cell population mediates gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3541-55. [PMID: 27500496 DOI: 10.1172/jci80874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the gastrointestinal tract is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and is attributable to T cell-mediated inflammation. In this work, we identified a unique CD4+ T cell population that constitutively expresses the β2 integrin CD11c and displays a biased central memory phenotype and memory T cell transcriptional profile, innate-like properties, and increased expression of the gut-homing molecules α4β7 and CCR9. Using several complementary murine GVHD models, we determined that adoptive transfer and early accumulation of β2 integrin-expressing CD4+ T cells in the gastrointestinal tract initiated Th1-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production, augmented pathological damage in the colon, and increased mortality. The pathogenic effect of this CD4+ T cell population critically depended on coexpression of the IL-23 receptor, which was required for maximal inflammatory effects. Non-Foxp3-expressing CD4+ T cells produced IL-10, which regulated colonic inflammation and attenuated lethality in the absence of functional CD4+Foxp3+ T cells. Thus, the coordinate expression of CD11c and the IL-23 receptor defines an IL-10-regulated, colitogenic memory CD4+ T cell subset that is poised to initiate inflammation when there is loss of tolerance and breakdown of mucosal barriers.
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Yao J, Song A, Ruan Z, Zhou L, Liu P, Zhu H, Gong H, Dong S, Xu Y, Jiang E, Pang A, Feng S, Han M. [Vascular endothelial injury induced by anti-endothelial cell antibody in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2015; 36:469-74. [PMID: 26134010 PMCID: PMC7343077 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the role of endothelial cells (ECs) injury induced by anti-endothelial cell antibody (AECA) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS Serum immunoglobulin (IgG) from allo-HSCT recipients were purified and incubated with human umbilical vein vascular endothelium (HUVEC) in vitro, then the functional changes and cell apoptosis were tested. RESULTS After incubation with AECA positive IgG, soluble adhesion molecules significantly elevated in culture supernatant. When concentration of IgG was 160, 320, and 640 μg/ml, concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in supernatant were statistically higher in AECA positive groups [(117.10 ± 12.82) vs (78.17 ± 4.90) pg/ml, (151.30 ± 15.35) vs (89.46 ± 6.02) pg/ml, (239.00 ± 32.53) vs (127.80 ± 13.86) pg/ml, P<0.01)]. When concentration of IgG was 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 μg/ml, concentrations of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in supernatant were also statistically higher in AECA positive groups [(38.51 ± 3.76) vs (24.78 ± 2.59) pg/ml, (61.34 ± 6.99) vs (38.20 ± 3.17) pg/ml, (135.60 ± 24.46) vs (63.73 ± 5.08) pg/ml, (221.30 ± 29.40) vs (112.80 ± 8.91) pg/ml, (420.90 ± 31.70) vs (224.40 ± 20.79) pg/ml, P<0.01]. Clotting activity factors also elevated in culture supernatant after incubation with AECA positive IgG. When concentration of IgG was 80, 160, 320, and 640 μg/ml, concentrations of von Willebrand factor were statistically higher in AECA positive groups [(19.51 ± 0.72) vs (17.17 ± 0.60) ng/ml, P=0.0193; (22.97 ± 1.18) vs (18.27 ± 0.61) ng/ml, (26.40 ± 1.54) vs (19.53 ± 0.70) ng/ml, (34.35 ± 1.60) vs (23.81 ± 0.92) ng/ml, P<0.01]. When concentration of IgG was 320 and 640 μg/ml, concentrations of thrombomodulin were statistically higher in AECA positive groups [(57.50 ± 4.50) vs (40.31 ± 4.39) pg/ml, P=0.0132; (59.18 ± 4.11) vs (38.84 ± 5.16) pg/ml, P<0.01]. However, inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and ANG2) were not statistically different in AECA positive and negative groups (P>0.05). Moreover, IgG from AECA positive samples did not change the proliferation or cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION AECA from allo-HSCT recipients dysregulates ECs' function in vitro, but do not induce apoptosis, which is valuable in the pathophysiology of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and other complications after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Yao
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Axia Song
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Lukun Zhou
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Shuxu Dong
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuanfu Xu
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Aiming Pang
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Sizhou Feng
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Mingzhe Han
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300020, China
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15
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Clinical significance of anti-endothelial cell antibody in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients with graft-versus-host disease. Int J Hematol 2014; 99:329-37. [PMID: 24481940 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-014-1517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Anti-endothelial cell antibody (AECA) is well known to reflect endothelial injury. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), is also closely associated with endothelial injury. We hypothesized that AECA may be associated with GVHD. To investigate the clinical significance of AECA in allo-HSCT recipients with GVHD, we detected AECA by cyto-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cyto-ELISA) in allo-HSCT recipients with acute and/or chronic GVHD (aGVHD and cGVHD). Incidences of anti-HMEC-1 AECA (anti-HMEC) and anti-EA.hy926 AECA (anti-EAHY) were significantly higher in patients with grade II-IV than grade 0-I aGVHD (P = 0.049, P = 0.011, respectively). There was no difference in the incidence of AECA between patients with and without cGVHD. Patients with anti-EAHY positive in the early stage post-transplant demonstrated a higher incidence of cGVHD (P = 0.044). In patients with grade 0-I aGVHD, AECA-positive patients had higher overall survival and disease-free survival (P < 0.05), and tended to have lower incidences of relapse and transplant-related mortality. Our data suggest that AECA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of GVHD.
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16
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Al-Chaqmaqchi H, Sadeghi B, Abedi-Valugerdi M, Al-Hashmi S, Fares M, Kuiper R, Lundahl J, Hassan M, Moshfegh A. The role of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1/CD274) in the development of graft versus host disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60367. [PMID: 23593203 PMCID: PMC3617218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1/CD274) is an immunomodulatory molecule involved in cancer and complications of bone marrow transplantation, such as graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease. The present study was designed to assess the dynamic expression of this molecule after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in relation to acute graft-versus-host disease. Female BALB/c mice were conditioned with busulfan and cyclophosphamide and transplanted with either syngeneic or allogeneic (male C57BL/6 mice) bone marrow and splenic cells. The expression of PD-L1 was evaluated at different time points employing qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Allogeneic- but not syngeneic-transplanted animals exhibited a marked up-regulation of PD-L1 expression in the muscle and kidney, but not the liver, at days 5 and 7 post transplantation. In mice transplanted with allogeneic bone marrow cells, the enhanced expression of PD-L1 was associated with high serum levels of IFNγ and TNFα at corresponding intervals. Our findings demonstrate that PD-L1 is differently induced and expressed after allogeneic transplantation than it is after syngeneic transplantation, and that it is in favor of target rather than non-target organs at the early stages of acute graft-versus-host disease. This is the first study to correlate the dynamics of PD-L1 at the gene-, protein- and activity levels with the early development of acute graft-versus-host disease. Our results suggest that the higher expression of PD-L1 in the muscle and kidney (non-target tissues) plays a protective role in skeletal muscle during acute graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heevy Al-Chaqmaqchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Behnam Sadeghi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuchehr Abedi-Valugerdi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sulaiman Al-Hashmi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona Fares
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raoul Kuiper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Unite of Morphologic Phenotype Analysis, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Lundahl
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, Experimental Cancer Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Research Center (ECM, KFC, Novum), Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Ali Moshfegh
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Schroeder MA, DiPersio JF. Mouse models of graft-versus-host disease: advances and limitations. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:318-33. [PMID: 21558065 PMCID: PMC3097454 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.006668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The limiting factor for successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a post-transplant disorder that results from immune-mediated attack of recipient tissue by donor T cells contained in the transplant. Mouse models of GvHD have provided important insights into the pathophysiology of this disease, which have helped to improve the success rate of HSCT in humans. The kinetics with which GvHD develops distinguishes acute from chronic GvHD, and it is clear from studies of mouse models of GvHD (and studies of human HSCT) that the pathophysiology of these two forms is also distinct. Mouse models also further the basic understanding of the immunological responses involved in GvHD pathology, such as antigen recognition and presentation, the involvement of the thymus and immune reconstitution after transplantation. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of currently available mouse models of acute and chronic GvHD, highlighting their benefits and limitations, and discuss research and clinical opportunities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Schroeder
- Division of Oncology, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Perez J, Brandon JA, Cohen DA, Jennings CD, Kaplan AM, Bryson JS. Accumulation of CD4+ T cells in the colon of CsA-treated mice following myeloablative conditioning and bone marrow transplantation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 300:G843-52. [PMID: 21292993 PMCID: PMC3094139 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00254.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Syngeneic graft vs. host disease (SGVHD) was first described as a graft vs. host disease-like syndrome that developed in rats following syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment. SGVHD can be induced by reconstitution of lethally irradiated mice with syngeneic bone marrow cells followed by 21 days of treatment with the immunosuppressive agent CsA. Clinical symptoms of the disease appear 2-3 wk following cessation of CsA therapy, and disease-associated inflammation occurs primarily in the colon and liver. CD4(+) T cells have been shown to play an important role in the inflammatory response observed in the gut of SGVHD mice. Time-course studies revealed a significant increase in migration of CD4(+) T cells into the colon during CsA therapy, as well as significantly elevated mRNA levels of TNF-α, proinflammatory chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules in colonic tissue of CsA-treated animals compared with BMT controls, as early as day 14 post-BMT. Homing studies revealed a greater migration of labeled CD4(+) T cells into the gut of CsA-treated mice at day 21 post-BMT than control animals via CsA-induced upregulation of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule. This study demonstrates that, during the 21 days of immunosuppressive therapy, functional mechanisms are in place that result in increased homing of CD4(+) T effector cells to colons of CsA-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Perez
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
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19
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Jenq RR, van den Brink MRM. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: individualized stem cell and immune therapy of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2010; 10:213-21. [PMID: 20168320 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The year 2009 marked the fiftieth anniversary of the first successful allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The field of HSCT has pioneered some of the most exciting areas of research today. HSCT was the original stem cell therapy, the first cancer immune therapy and the earliest example of individualized cancer therapy. In this Timeline article we review the history of the development of HSCT and major advances made in the past 50 years. We highlight accomplishments made by researchers who continue to strive to improve outcomes for patients and increase the availability of this potentially life-saving therapy for patients with otherwise incurable malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Jenq
- Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Salem ML, Cole DJ. Dendritic cell recovery post-lymphodepletion: a potential mechanism for anti-cancer adoptive T cell therapy and vaccination. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:341-53. [PMID: 19921513 PMCID: PMC3070377 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-reactive T cells holds promise as a cancer immunotherapy. In this approach, T cells are harvested from a tumor-bearing host, expanded in vitro and infused back to the same host. Conditioning of the recipient host with a lymphodepletion regimen of chemotherapy or radiotherapy before adoptive T cell transfer has been shown to substantially improve survival and anti-tumor responses of the transferred cells. These effects are further enhanced when the adoptive T cell transfer is followed by vaccination with tumor antigens in combination with a potent immune adjuvant. Although significant progress has been made toward an understanding of the reasons underlying the beneficial effects of lymphodepletion to T cell adoptive therapy, the precise mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent studies, including ours, would indicate a more central role for antigen presenting cells, in particular dendritic cells. Unraveling the exact role of these important cells in mediation of the beneficial effects of lymphodepletion could provide novel pathways toward the rational design of more effective anti-cancer immunotherapy. This article focuses on how the frequency, phenotype, and functions of dendritic cells are altered during the lymphopenic and recovery phases post-induction of lymphodepletion, and how they affect the anti-tumor responses of adoptively transferred T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Labib Salem
- Surgery Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, USA.
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21
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van den Brink MRM, Porter DL, Giralt S, Lu SX, Jenq RR, Hanash A, Bishop MR. Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell therapy. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 16:S138-45. [PMID: 19857588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Disease relapse remains a major cause of mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Over the past decade, our understanding of the biology underlying the graft-versus-tumor/leukemia (GVT) effect has increased greatly; however, several other factors affect the occurrence and outcome of relapse, including conditioning regimen, type of allograft, and the histology, status, and sensitivity to chemotherapy of the disease being treated. The mainstay of relapse treatment is donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), but the efficacy of DLI is quite variable depending on disease histology and state. As such, there is a significant need for novel therapies and strategies for relapse following allogeneic HCT, particularly in patients for whom DLI is not an option. The National Cancer Institute is sponsoring an international workshop to address issues and research questions relative to the biology, natural history, prevention, and treatment of relapse following allogeneic HCT.
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Chang YJ, Zhao XY, Huo MR, Huang XJ. Expression of CD62L on Donor CD4+ T Cells in Allografts: Correlation with Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Unmanipulated Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation. J Clin Immunol 2009; 29:696-704. [PMID: 19462221 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Chu YW, Gress RE. Murine models of chronic graft-versus-host disease: insights and unresolved issues. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14:365-78. [PMID: 18342778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGVHD) is a major barrier to successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), with highly variable clinical presentations. The pathophysiology of cGVHD remains relatively poorly understood. The utilization of murine models to study cGVHD encompasses experimental challenges distinct from those that have been successfully used to study acute GVHD (aGVHD). Nevertheless, despite these challenges, murine models of cGVHD have contributed to the understanding of cGVHD, and highlight its mechanistic complexity. In this article, insights into the pathophysiology of cGVHD obtained from murine studies are summarized in the context of their relevancy to clinical cGVHD. Despite experimental limitations, current and future models of murine cGVHD will continue to provide insights into the understanding of clinical cGVHD and provide information for new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Waye Chu
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda 20892-1360, Maryland, USA.
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24
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Prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease by blocking T-cell entry to secondary lymphoid organs. Blood 2007; 111:2919-28. [PMID: 17989315 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-09-112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), donor T cells attack the recipient's gastrointestinal tract, liver, and skin. We hypothesized that blocking access to distinct lymphoid priming sites may alter the specific organ tropism and prevent aGVHD development. In support of this initial hypothesis, we found that different secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) imprint distinct homing receptor phenotypes on evolving alloreactive effector T cells in vivo. Yet preventing T-cell entry to specific SLOs through blocking monoclonal antibodies, or SLO ablation, did not alter aGVHD pathophysiology. Moreover, transfer of alloreactive effector T cells into conditioned secondary recipients targeted the intestines and liver, irrespective of their initial priming site. Thus, we demonstrate redundancy of SLOs at different anatomical sites in aGVHD initiation. Only prevention of T-cell entry to all SLOs could completely abrogate the onset of aGVHD.
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25
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Schwarte S, Bremer M, Fruehauf J, Sorge Y, Skubich S, Hoffmann MW. Radiation protocols determine acute graft-versus-host disease incidence after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in murine models. Int J Radiat Biol 2007; 83:625-36. [PMID: 17654104 DOI: 10.1080/09553000701534572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Effects of radiation sources used for total body irradiation (TBI) on Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) induction were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse model, single fraction TBI was performed with different radiation devices ((60)Cobalt; (137)Cesium; 6 MV linear accelerator), dose rates (0.85; 1.5; 2.9; 5 Gy/min) and total doses before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Recipients were observed for 120 days. Different tissues were examined histologically. RESULTS Acute GvHD was induced by a dose rate of 0.85 Gy/min ((60)Cobalt) and a total dose of 9 Gy and injection of 5 x 10(5) lymph node cells plus 5 x 10(6) bone marrow cells. Similar results were obtained using 6 MV linear accelerator- (linac-) photons with a dose rate of 1.5 Gy/min and 0.85 Gy/min, a total dose of 9.5 Gy and injection of same cell numbers. TBI with (137)Cesium (dose rate: 2.5 Gy/min) did not lead reproducibly to lethal acute GvHD. CONCLUSIONS Experimental TBI in murine models may induce different immunological responses, depending on total energy, total single dose and dose rate. GvHD might also be induced by TBI with low dose rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schwarte
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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26
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Schilbach K, Schick J, Wehrmann M, Wollny G, Simon P, Perikles S, Schlegel PG, Eyrich M. PD-1-PD-L1 pathway is involved in suppressing alloreactivity of heart infiltrating t cells during murine gvhd across minor histocompatibility antigen barriers. Transplantation 2007; 84:214-22. [PMID: 17667813 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000268074.77929.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. GVHD mainly affects skin, liver, and intestine, whereas other organs usually are spared. In the present study, we wanted to investigate whether local regulatory T cells (Treg) or differential expression of immunomodulatory molecules contribute to organ specificity of GVHD. METHODS In a murine B10.D2->BALB/c (both H-2) model, GVHD was induced by transplantation of 1x10 bone marrow and 1x10 spleen cells. We compared expression of T-cell and dendritic cell markers, CD40-CD40L, various B7 family members, FoxP3, and Th1/Th2 cytokines between ileum (GVHD-target organ) and heart (nontarget organ). RESULTS GVHD was documented by an increase of CD4 T cells with accompanying tissue destruction in ileum but not in heart. We found a significantly increased expression of PD-L1 in heart on day 14 and 21 as well as of CTLA-4 on day 21 after transplantation, whereas all other molecules were not different between heart and ileum. In heart, PD-L1 was expressed on lymphoid cells, endothelial cells, CD8alpha+CD11c+DCs, and up-regulated during GVHD. In contrast, in the ileum only endothelial cells stained weekly positive for PD-L1. Furthermore, we could not find any evidence for the presence of Tregs in the heart. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that immunomodulatory molecules such as PD-L1 rather than Tregs play pivotal roles in the tissue-specific regulation of alloresponses. Further studies are needed to refine the significance of the PD-L1 pathway in GVHD and its versatility for therapeutic intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/biosynthesis
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- B7-1 Antigen/biosynthesis
- B7-1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Graft vs Host Disease/complications
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/pathology
- Heart Diseases/etiology
- Heart Diseases/metabolism
- Heart Diseases/pathology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Ileum/metabolism
- Ileum/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Peptides/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Transplantation, Autologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schilbach
- Children's Hospital, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Muranski P, Boni A, Wrzesinski C, Citrin DE, Rosenberg SA, Childs R, Restifo NP. Increased intensity lymphodepletion and adoptive immunotherapy--how far can we go? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 3:668-81. [PMID: 17139318 PMCID: PMC1773008 DOI: 10.1038/ncponc0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In a recent clinical trial involving patients with metastatic melanoma, immunosuppressive conditioning with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide resulted in a 50% response rate in robust long-term persistence of adoptively transferred T cells. Experimental findings indicate that lymphodepletion prior to adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T lymphocytes plays a key role in enhancing treatment efficacy by eliminating regulatory T cells and competing elements of the immune system ('cytokine sinks'). Newly emerging animal data suggest that more profound lymphoablative conditioning with autologous hematopoetic stem-cell rescue might further enhance treatment results. Here we review recent advances in adoptive immunotherapy of solid tumors and discuss the rationale for lymphodepleting conditioning. We also address safety issues associated with translating experimental animal results of total lymphoid ablation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Muranski
- Correspondence *Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Room 3-5762, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA EmailEmail
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Correspondence *Clinical Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Room 3-5762, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA EmailEmail
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28
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Chakraverty R, Côté D, Buchli J, Cotter P, Hsu R, Zhao G, Sachs T, Pitsillides CM, Bronson R, Means T, Lin C, Sykes M. An inflammatory checkpoint regulates recruitment of graft-versus-host reactive T cells to peripheral tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 203:2021-31. [PMID: 16880259 PMCID: PMC2118376 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20060376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transfer of T cells to freshly irradiated allogeneic recipients leads to their rapid recruitment to nonlymphoid tissues, where they induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In contrast, when donor T cells are transferred to established mixed chimeras (MCs), GVHD is not induced despite a robust graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction that eliminates normal and malignant host hematopoietic cells. We demonstrate here that donor GVH-reactive T cells transferred to MCs or freshly irradiated mice undergo similar expansion and activation, with similar up-regulation of homing molecules required for entry to nonlymphoid tissues. Using dynamic two-photon in vivo microscopy, we show that these activated T cells do not enter GVHD target tissues in established MCs, contrary to the dogma that activated T cells inevitably traffic to nonlymphoid tissues. Instead, we show that the presence of inflammation within a nonlymphoid tissue is a prerequisite for the trafficking of activated T cells to that site. Our studies help to explain the paradox whereby GVH-reactive T cells can mediate graft-versus-leukemia responses without inducing GVHD in established MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronjon Chakraverty
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Bone Marrow Transplantation Section, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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29
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Ghen MJ, Roshan R, Roshan RO, Blyweiss DJ, Corso N, Khalili B, Zenga WT. Potential clinical applications using stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 13:562-72. [PMID: 17007681 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is an abundance of clinical applications using human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) as a source for stem cell populations. Other than haematopoietic progenitors, there are mesenchymal, endothelial stem cells and neuronal precursors, in varying quantities, that are found in human umbilical cord blood. These may be useful in diseases such as immune deficiency and autoimmune disorders. Considering issues of safety, availability, transplant methodology, rejection and side effects, it is contended that a therapeutic stem cell transplant, utilizing stem cells from HUCB, provides a reliable repository of early precursor cells that can be useful in a great number of diverse conditions. Drawbacks of relatively smaller quantities of mononucleated cells in one unit of cord blood can be mitigated by in-vitro expansion procedures, improved in-vivo signalling, and augmentation of the cellular milieu, while simultaneously choosing the appropriate transplantation site and technique for introduction of the stem cell graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ghen
- Eden Laboratories Ltd, Frederick House, Frederick Street, PO Box SS-19392, Nassau, The Bahamas.
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