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Isa DM, Chin SP, Chong WL, Zain SM, Rahman NA, Lee VS. Dynamics and binding interactions of peptide inhibitors of dengue virus entry. J Biol Phys 2019; 45:63-76. [PMID: 30680580 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-018-9515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the binding interactions of two synthetic antiviral peptides (DET2 and DET4) on type II dengue virus (DENV2) envelope protein domain III. These two antiviral peptides are designed based on the domain III of the DENV2 envelope protein, which has shown significant inhibition activity in previous studies and can be potentially modified further to be active against all dengue strains. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina and the best-ranked peptide-domain III complex was further explored using molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) was used to calculate the relative binding free energies and to locate the key residues of peptide-protein interactions. The predicted binding affinity correlated well with the previous experimental studies. DET4 outperformed DET2 and is oriented within the binding site through favorable vdW and electrostatic interactions. Pairwise residue decomposition analysis has revealed several key residues that contribute to the binding of these peptides. Residues in DET2 interact relatively lesser with the domain III compared to DET4. Dynamic cross-correlation analysis showed that both the DET2 and DET4 trigger different dynamic patterns on the domain III. Correlated motions were seen between the residue pairs of DET4 and the binding site while binding of DET2 results in anti-correlated motion on the binding site. This work showcases the use of computational study in elucidating and explaining the experiment observation on an atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyana Mohd Isa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sek Peng Chin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Lim Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharifuddin M Zain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorsaadah Abd Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Peptides P4 and P7 derived from E protein inhibit entry of dengue virus serotype 2 via interacting with β3 integrin. Antiviral Res 2018; 155:20-27. [PMID: 29709564 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection has become a severe public health problem worldwide. However, there is no specific antiviral drug available yet. In this study, we found that DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) infection enhanced the expression of β3 integrin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and that DENV2 antigens co-localized with β3 integrin. DENV2 envelope protein (E) directly interacted with β3 integrin, and their interacting sites were located at domain III of E protein (EDIII). Several synthetic peptides were designed based on the amino acid sequence of EDIII, and peptides P4 and P7 could inhibit DENV2 entry into HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the two peptides was 19.08 ± 2.52 μM for P4 and 12.86 ± 5.96 μM for P7. Moreover, P7 containing an FG-loop, but not P4, could also inhibit DENV1 entry into HUVECs. Our results suggest a novel mechanism in which interaction between β3 integrin and EDIII is involved in DENV entry. The findings on the inhibitory effect of the peptides on viral entry have significance for anti-DENV drug design.
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Investigating Tick-borne Flaviviral-like Particles as a Delivery System for Gene Therapy. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2017; 88:8-17. [PMID: 30093925 PMCID: PMC6076373 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on the biogenesis of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) would benefit gene therapy. Due to specific arrangements of genes along the TBEV genome, its viral-like particles (VLPs) could be exploited as shuttles to deliver their replicon, which carries therapeutic genes, to immune system cells. Objective To develop a flaviviral vector for gene delivery as a part of gene therapy research that can be expressed in secretable VLP suicidal shuttles and provide abundant unique molecular and structural data supporting this gene therapy concept. Method TBEV structural gene constructs of a Swedish Torö strain were cloned into plasmids driven by the promoters CAG and CMV and then transfected into various cell lines, including COS-1 and BHK-21. Time-course sampling of the cells, culture fluid, cell lysate supernatant, and pellet specimens were performed. Western blotting and electron microscopy analyses of collected specimens were used to investigate molecular and structural processing of TBEV structural proteins. Results Western blotting analysis showed differences between promoters in directing the gene expression of the VLPs constructs. The premature flaviviral polypeptides as well as mature VLPs could be traced. Using electron microscopy, the premature and mature VLP accumulation in cellular compartments—and also endoplasmic reticulum proliferation as a virus factory platform—were observed in addition to secreted VLPs. Conclusions The abundant virologic and cellular findings in this study show the natural processing and safety of inserting flaviviral structural genes into suicidal VLP shuttles. Thus, we propose that these VLPs are a suitable gene delivering system model in gene therapy.
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de la Guardia C, Quijada M, Lleonart R. Phage-Displayed Peptides Selected to Bind Envelope Glycoprotein Show Antiviral Activity against Dengue Virus Serotype 2. Adv Virol 2017; 2017:1827341. [PMID: 29081802 PMCID: PMC5610824 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1827341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus is a growing public health threat that affects hundreds of million peoples every year and leave huge economic and social damage. The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and the incidence of the disease is increasing, among other causes, due to the geographical expansion of the vector's range and the lack of effectiveness in public health interventions in most prevalent countries. So far, no highly effective vaccine or antiviral has been developed for this virus. Here we employed phage display technology to identify peptides able to block the DENV2. A random peptide library presented in M13 phages was screened with recombinant dengue envelope and its fragment domain III. After four rounds of panning, several binding peptides were identified, synthesized, and tested against the virus. Three peptides were able to block the infectivity of the virus while not being toxic to the target cells. Blind docking simulations were done to investigate the possible mode of binding, showing that all peptides appear to bind domain III of the protein and may be mostly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. These results are relevant to the development of novel therapeutics against this important virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de la Guardia
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Building 219, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panamá, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Mario Quijada
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Building 219, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panamá, Panama
| | - Ricardo Lleonart
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Building 219, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panamá, Panama
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Lin GL, Chang HH, Lien TS, Chen PK, Chan H, Su MT, Liao CY, Sun DS. Suppressive effect of dengue virus envelope protein domain III on megakaryopoiesis. Virulence 2017. [PMID: 28622093 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1343769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection can cause severe, life-threatening events, and no specific treatments of DENV infection are currently approved. Although thrombocytopenia is frequently observed in dengue patients, its pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Previous studies have suggested that DENV-induced thrombocytopenia occurs through viral-replication-mediated megakaryopoiesis inhibition in the bone marrow; however, the exact mechanism for megakaryopoiesis suppression remains elusive. In this study, a reductionist approach was applied, in which C57B/6J mice were inoculated with recombinant DENV-envelope protein domain III (DENV-EIII) instead of the full viral particle. Our results demonstrated that DENV-EIII-suppressed megakaryopoiesis is similar to those observed with DENV infection. Furthermore, in agreement with our in vivo analyses, DENV-EIII sufficiently suppressed the megakaryopoiesis of progenitor cells from murine bone marrow and human cord blood in vitro. Additional analyses suggested that autophagy impairment and apoptosis are involved in DENV-EIII-mediated suppression of megakaryopoiesis. These data suggest that, even without viral replication, the binding of DENV-EIII to the cell surface is sufficient to suppress megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ling Lin
- a Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- a Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan.,b Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics , Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- b Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics , Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Po-Kong Chen
- a Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Hao Chan
- a Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Mei-Tzu Su
- b Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics , Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Liao
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Mennonite Christian Hospital , Hualien , Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- a Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan.,b Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics , Tzu-Chi University , Hualien , Taiwan
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Liu Y, Zhou J, Yu Z, Fang D, Fu C, Zhu X, He Z, Yan H, Jiang L. Tetravalent recombinant dengue virus-like particles as potential vaccine candidates: immunological properties. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:233. [PMID: 25520151 PMCID: PMC4396058 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, a licensed vaccine for Dengue Virus (DENV) is not yet available. Virus-like particles (VLP) have shown considerable promise for use as vaccines and have many advantages compared to many other types of viral vaccines. VLPs have been found to have high immunogenic potencies, providing protection against various pathogens. Results In the current study, four DENV-VLP serotypes were successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris, based on co-expression of the prM and E proteins. The effects of a tetravalent VLP vaccine were also examined. Immunization with purified, recombinant, tetravalent DENV1-4 VLPs induced specific antibodies against all DENV1-4 antigens in mice. The antibody titers were higher after immunization with the tetravalent VLP vaccine compared to titers after immunization with any of the dengue serotype VLPs alone. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) results indicated that sera from VLP immunized mice recognized the native viral antigens. TNF-α and IL-10 were significantly higher in mice immunized with tetravalent DENV-VLP compared to those mice received PBS. The tetravalent VLP appeared to stimulate neutralizing antibodies against each viral serotype, as shown by PRNT50 analysis (1:32 against DENV1 and 2, and 1:16 against DENV3 and 4). The highest titers with the tetravalent VLP vaccine were still a little lower than the monovalent VLP against the corresponding serotype. The protection rates of tetravalent DENV-VLP immune sera against challenges with DENV1 to 4 serotypes in suckling mice were 77, 92, 100, and 100%, respectively, indicating greater protective efficacy compared with monovalent immune sera. Conclusions Our results provide an important basis for the development of the dengue VLP as a promising non-infectious candidate vaccine for dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junmei Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhizhun Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Danyun Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunyun Fu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenjian He
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huijun Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lifang Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Lai PY, Hsu CT, Wang SH, Lee JC, Tseng MJ, Hwang J, Ji WT, Chen HR. Production of a neutralizing antibody against envelope protein of dengue virus type 2 using the linear array epitope technique. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2155-2165. [PMID: 24948392 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.062562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV; genus Flavivirus) contains a positive-stranded RNA genome. Binding of DENV to host cells is mediated through domain III of the viral envelope protein. Many therapeutic mAbs against domain III have been generated and characterized because of its high antigenicity. We have previously established a novel PCR method named the linear array epitope (LAE) technique for producing monoclone-like polyclonal antibodies. To prove this method could be utilized to produce antibody against epitopes with low antigenicity, a region of 10 aa (V365NIEAEPPFG374) from domain III of the envelope protein in DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) was selected to design the primers for the LAE technique. A DNA fragment encoding 10 directed repeats of these 10 aa for producing the tandem-repeated peptides was obtained and fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST)-containing vector. This fusion protein (GST-Den EIII10-His6) was purified from Escherichia coli and used as antigen for immunizing rabbits to obtain the polyclonal antibody. Furthermore, the EIII antibody could recognize envelope proteins either ectopically overexpressed or synthesized by DENV2 infection using Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Most importantly, this antibody was also able to detect DENV2 virions by ELISA, and could block viral entry into BHK-21 cells as shown by immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR assays. Taken together, the LAE technique could be applied successfully for the production of antibodies against antigens with low antigenicity, and shows high potential to produce antibodies with good quality for academic research, diagnosis and even therapeutic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yeh Lai
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tse Hsu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Institute of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Kao Yuan University, Luzhu District, Kaohsiung City 82151, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hung Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jen Tseng
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jaulang Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsai Ji
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Ren Chen
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
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8
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Zu X, Liu Y, Wang S, Jin R, Zhou Z, Liu H, Gong R, Xiao G, Wang W. Peptide inhibitor of Japanese encephalitis virus infection targeting envelope protein domain III. Antiviral Res 2014; 104:7-14. [PMID: 24468276 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a major cause of acute viral encephalitis in both humans and animals. Domain III of the virus envelope glycoprotein (E DIII) plays an important role in the interaction of viral particles with host cell receptors to facilitate viral entry. Intervention of the interaction between E DIII and its cognate host cell receptor would provide an important avenue for inhibiting JEV infection. A phage display peptide library was therefore panned against E DIII, which resulted in the identification of several peptides. One peptide, named P3, inhibited JEV infection of BHK-21 cells with an IC₅₀ of ∼1 μM and an IC₉₀ at ∼100 μM. Further characterization revealed that P3 bound to E DIII with a K(d) of 6.06 × 10⁻⁶ M and inhibited JEV infection by interfering with viral attachment to cells. Based on in silico prediction by ZDOCK, P3 was found to interact with E DIII via a hydrophobic pocket, which was confirmed by the binding assay of P3 to the V357A mutant. P3 was hypothesized to bind to E DIII by interacting with the sties adjacent to the BC and DE loops, which might interfere with the binding of JEV to cellular receptors, thus impeding viral infection. This newly isolated peptide may represent a new therapeutic candidate for treatment of JEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Rui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Haibin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Rui Gong
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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Li C, Ge LL, Yu YL, Huang L, Wang Y, Sun MX, Ishag H, Ma LX, Li XH, Shen ZQ, Mao X. A tripeptide (NSK) inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Arch Virol 2013; 159:1045-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Proteomic identification of dengue virus binding proteins in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and Aedes albopictus cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:875958. [PMID: 24324976 PMCID: PMC3842078 DOI: 10.1155/2013/875958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The main vector of dengue in America is the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which is infected by dengue virus (DENV) through receptors of midgut epithelial cells. The envelope protein (E) of dengue virus binds to receptors present on the host cells through its domain III that has been primarily recognized to bind cell receptors. In order to identify potential receptors, proteins from mosquito midgut tissue and C6/36 cells were purified by affinity using columns with the recombinant E protein domain III (rE-DIII) or DENV particles bound covalently to Sepharose 4B to compare and evaluate their performance to bind proteins including putative receptors from female mosquitoes of Ae. aegypti. To determine their identity mass spectrometric analysis of purified proteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed. Our results indicate that both viral particles and rE-DIII bound proteins with the same apparent molecular weights of 57 and 67 kDa. In addition, viral particles bound high molecular weight proteins. Purified proteins identified were enolase, beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta-ARK), translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha/Tu, and cadherin.
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Li C, Zhang LY, Sun MX, Li PP, Huang L, Wei JC, Yao YL, Isahg H, Chen PY, Mao X. Inhibition of Japanese encephalitis virus entry into the cells by the envelope glycoprotein domain III (EDIII) and the loop3 peptide derived from EDIII. Antiviral Res 2012; 94:179-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Yang J, Zhang J, Chen W, Hu Z, Zhu J, Fang X, Yuan W, Li M, Hu X, Tan Y, Hu F, Rao X. Eliciting cross-neutralizing antibodies in mice challenged with a dengue virus envelope domain III expressed inEscherichia coli. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:369-80. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENVs) are mosquito-borne infectious pathogens that pose a serious global public health threat, and at present, no therapy or effective vaccines are available. Choosing suitable units as candidates is fundamental for the development of a dengue subunit vaccine. Domain III of the DENV-2 E protein (EDIII) was chosen in the present study and expressed in Escherichia coli by N-terminal fusion to a bacterial leader (pelB), and C-terminal fusion with a 6×His tag based on the functions of DENV structure proteins, especially the neutralizing epitopes on the envelope E protein. After two-step purification using Ni–NTA affinity and cation-exchange chromatography, the His-tagged EDIII was purified up to 98% homogenicity. This recombinant EDIII was able to trigger high levels of neutralizing antibodies in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Both the recombinant EDIII and its murine antibodies protected Vero cells from DENV-2 infection. Interestingly, the recombinant EDIII provides at least partial cross-protection against DENV-1 infection. In addition, the EDIII antibodies were able to protect suckling mice from virus challenge in vivo. These data suggest that a candidate molecule based on the small EDIII protein, which has neutralizing epitopes conserved among all 4 DENV serotypes, has important implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junmin Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchang Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinling Tan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuquan Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, People’s Republic of China
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Degrees of maturity: the complex structure and biology of flaviviruses. Curr Opin Virol 2012; 2:168-75. [PMID: 22445964 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are small enveloped virions that enter target cells in a pH-dependent fashion. Virus attachment, entry, and membrane fusion are orchestrated by the envelope (E) and pre-membrane (prM) proteins, the two structural proteins displayed on the surface of virions. Flaviviruses assemble as an immature non-infectious form onto which prM and E form trimeric spikes. During egress from infected cells, flaviviruses undergo dramatic structural changes characterized by the formation of a herringbone arrangement of E proteins that lie flat against the surface of the virion and cleavage of the prM protein by the cellular protease furin. The result is a relatively smooth, infectious mature virion. This dynamic process is now understood in structural detail at the atomic level. However, recent studies indicate that many of the virions released from cells share structural features of both immature and mature virus particles. These mosaic partially mature virions are infectious and interact uniquely with target cells and the host immune response. Here, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the biology and significance of partially mature flaviviruses.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection by mosquito-borne flaviviruses (family Flaviviridae) is increasing in prevalence worldwide. The vast global, social and economic impact due to the morbidity and mortality associated with the diseases caused by these viruses necessitates therapeutic intervention. There is currently no effective clinical treatment for any flaviviral infection. Therefore, there is a great need for the identification of novel inhibitors to target the virus life cycle. DISCUSSION In this article, we discuss structural and nonstructural viral proteins that are the focus of current target validation and drug discovery efforts. Both inhibition of essential enzymatic activities and disruption of necessary protein–protein interactions are considered. In addition, we address promising new targets for future research. CONCLUSION As our molecular and biochemical understanding of the flavivirus life cycle increases, the number of targets for antiviral therapeutic discovery grows and the possibility for novel drug discovery continues to strengthen.
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Liu W, Jiang H, Zhou J, Yang X, Tang Y, Fang D, Jiang L. Recombinant dengue virus-like particles from Pichia pastoris: efficient production and immunological properties. Virus Genes 2009; 40:53-9. [PMID: 19885726 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-009-0418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The envelope glycoprotein (E) of flavivirus is the major structural protein on the surface of the mature virions. The complexes of premembrane (prM) and E play important roles in virus assembly and fusion modulation and in potential immunity-inducing vaccines. In the present study, the cDNA encoding prM and E proteins of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) was subcloned into the pGAPZalphaA vector and further integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) constitutive promoter. The high-level constitutive expression of recombinant E antigen was achieved in P. pastoris. Both the cell lysate and the culture supernatant, examined by electron microscopy, were found to contain DENV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) with diameters of about 30 nm. After immunization of BALB/c mice, the VLPs exhibited similar efficacies as inactivated virus in terms of antibody induction and neutralization titer. These results suggest that recombinant DENV VLPs can be efficiently produced in the GAP promoter-based P. pastoris expression system. This system may be useful for the development of effective and economic dengue subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Zhang ZS, Yan YS, Weng YW, Huang HL, Li SQ, He S, Zhang JM. High-level expression of recombinant dengue virus type 2 envelope domain III protein and induction of neutralizing antibodies in BALB/C mice. J Virol Methods 2007; 143:125-31. [PMID: 17532481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a growing public health problem in many countries since so far no effective vaccines are available. In this study, the domain III of dengue virus type 2 envelope was expressed in Escherichia coli without fusion of any carrier protein. The recombinant protein was detected in the form of inclusion bodies, which were solubilized in 8M urea and could be purified subsequently by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an ion exchange column. After refolding, the recombinant protein inhibited the DEN-2 plaque formation on C6/36 cells, demonstrated its function of receptor-interaction was retained. The recombinant protein was inoculated into BALB/c mice to test its immunogenicity and ability to induce neutralizing antibodies. The mice immunized with the purified protein developed high antibody titers. A neutralizing titer of 1:64 was also obtained by a cytopathogenic effect (CPE) inhibition assay in C6/36 cells. Mice challenged with lethal dose of DEN-2 in combination with sera from immunized mice were protected completely. The results suggested that these expression and purification strategies have the potential for development of an inexpensive vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cell Line
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
- Dengue/prevention & control
- Dengue Vaccines/genetics
- Dengue Vaccines/immunology
- Dengue Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Dengue Virus/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neutralization Tests
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/isolation & purification
- Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/isolation & purification
- Viral Plaque Assay
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shan Zhang
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jintai Road 76, Fuzhou 35001, China
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17
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Yang JM, Chen YF, Tu YY, Yen KR, Yang YL. Combinatorial computational approaches to identify tetracycline derivatives as flavivirus inhibitors. PLoS One 2007; 2:e428. [PMID: 17502914 PMCID: PMC1855430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited structural information of drug targets, cellular toxicity possessed by lead compounds, and large amounts of potential leads are the major issues facing the design-oriented approach of discovering new leads. In an attempt to tackle these issues, we have developed a process of virtual screening based on the observation that conformational rearrangements of the dengue virus envelope protein are essential for the mediation of viral entry into host cells via membrane fusion. Screening was based solely on the structural information of the Dengue virus envelope protein and was focused on a target site that is presumably important for the conformational rearrangements necessary for viral entry. To circumvent the issue of lead compound toxicity, we performed screening based on molecular docking using structural databases of medical compounds. To enhance the identification of hits, we further categorized and selected candidates according to their novel structural characteristics. Finally, the selected candidates were subjected to a biological validation assay to assess inhibition of Dengue virus propagation in mammalian host cells using a plaque formation assay. Among the 10 compounds examined, rolitetracycline and doxycycline significantly inhibited plaque formation, demonstrating their inhibitory effect on dengue virus propagation. Both compounds were tetracycline derivatives with IC50s estimated to be 67.1 µM and 55.6 µM, respectively. Their docked conformations displayed common hydrophobic interactions with critical residues that affected membrane fusion during viral entry. These interactions will therefore position the tetracyclic ring moieties of both inhibitors to bind firmly to the target and, subsequently, disrupt conformational rearrangement and block viral entry. This process can be applied to other drug targets in which conformational rearrangement is critical to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinn-Moon Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Fu Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yin Tu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Rong Yen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Liang Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Chiu MW, Shih HM, Yang TH, Yang YL. The type 2 dengue virus envelope protein interacts with small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 (SUMO-1) conjugating enzyme 9 (Ubc9). J Biomed Sci 2007; 14:429-44. [PMID: 17265167 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-007-9151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses are mosquito-borne flaviviruses and may cause the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Its envelope protein is responsible mainly for the virus attachment and entry to host cells. To identify the human cellular proteins interacting with the envelope protein of dengue virus serotype 2 inside host cells, we have performed a screening with the yeast-two-hybrid-based "Functional Yeast Array". Interestingly, the small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 conjugating enzyme 9 protein, modulating cellular processes such as those regulating signal transduction and cell growth, was one of the candidates interacting with the dengue virus envelope protein. With co-precipitation assay, we have demonstrated that it indeed could interact directly with the Ubc9 protein. Site-directed mutagenesis has demonstrated that Ubc9 might interact with the E protein via amino acid residues K51 and K241. Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy has shown that the DV2E-EGFP proteins tended to progress toward the nuclear membrane and co-localized with Flag-Ubc9 proteins around the nuclear membrane in the cytoplasmic side, and DV2E-EGFP also shifted the distribution of Flag-Ubc9 from evenly in the nucleus toward concentrating around the nuclear membrane in the nucleic side. In addition, over-expression of Ubc9 could reduce the plaque formation of the dengue virus in mammalian cells. This is the first report that DV envelope proteins can interact with the protein of sumoylation system and Ubc9 may involve in the host defense system to prevent virus propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Wui Chiu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Po-Ai Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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Saejung W, Puttikhunt C, Prommool T, Sojikul P, Tanaka R, Fujiyama K, Malasit P, Seki T. Enhancement of recombinant soluble dengue virus 2 envelope domain III protein production in Escherichia coli trxB and gor double mutant. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 102:333-9. [PMID: 17116581 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.102.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The dengue virus is currently the most important flavivirus causing human diseases in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The envelope protein domain III of dengue virus type 2 (D2EIII), which induces protective and neutralizing antibodies, was expressed as an N-terminal fusion to a hexa-histidine tag in Escherichia coli. The expression of recombinant D2EIII of 103 amino acids in the soluble form can be achieved using suitable host strains, such as Origami, at a low induction temperature of 18 degrees C. The enhanced production of the soluble protein could be attributed to the thioredoxin reductase (trxB) and glutathione reductase (gor) double mutations in the Origami genome. The soluble and refolded D2EIII proteins were recognized by different antibodies including human patient antiserum. The immunization of rats with soluble D2EIII protein elicited the production of antibodies that could recognize the D2EIII protein in the D2EIII precursor protein and in C-terminal truncated dengue envelope protein type 1-4. Thus, this protein production system is suitable for the production of authentic recombinant dengue proteins that may be used in the diagnosis of the dengue virus infection or in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanida Saejung
- The International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Mukhopadhyay S, Kuhn RJ, Rossmann MG. A structural perspective of the flavivirus life cycle. Nat Rev Microbiol 2005; 3:13-22. [PMID: 15608696 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 857] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and yellow fever belong to the Flavivirus genus, which is a member of the Flaviviridae family. They are human pathogens that cause large epidemics and tens of thousands of deaths annually in many parts of the world. The structural organization of these viruses and their associated structural proteins has provided insight into the molecular transitions that occur during the viral life cycle, such as assembly, budding, maturation and fusion. This review focuses mainly on structural studies of dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchetana Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA
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21
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Damonte EB, Pujol CA, Coto CE. Prospects for the Therapy and Prevention of Dengue Virus Infections. Adv Virus Res 2004; 63:239-85. [PMID: 15530563 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(04)63004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa B Damonte
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Chemistry College of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ciudad Universitaria, University of Buenos Aires, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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