1
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Mak ACY, Sajuthi S, Joo J, Xiao S, Sleiman PM, White MJ, Lee EY, Saef B, Hu D, Gui H, Keys KL, Lurmann F, Jain D, Abecasis G, Kang HM, Nickerson DA, Germer S, Zody MC, Winterkorn L, Reeves C, Huntsman S, Eng C, Salazar S, Oh SS, Gilliland FD, Chen Z, Kumar R, Martínez FD, Wu AC, Ziv E, Hakonarson H, Himes BE, Williams LK, Seibold MA, Burchard EG. Lung Function in African American Children with Asthma Is Associated with Novel Regulatory Variants of the KIT Ligand KITLG/SCF and Gene-By-Air-Pollution Interaction. Genetics 2020; 215:869-886. [PMID: 32327564 PMCID: PMC7337089 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Baseline lung function, quantified as forced expiratory volume in the first second of exhalation (FEV1), is a standard diagnostic criterion used by clinicians to identify and classify lung diseases. Using whole-genome sequencing data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine project, we identified a novel genetic association with FEV1 on chromosome 12 in 867 African American children with asthma (P = 1.26 × 10-8, β = 0.302). Conditional analysis within 1 Mb of the tag signal (rs73429450) yielded one major and two other weaker independent signals within this peak. We explored statistical and functional evidence for all variants in linkage disequilibrium with the three independent signals and yielded nine variants as the most likely candidates responsible for the association with FEV1 Hi-C data and expression QTL analysis demonstrated that these variants physically interacted with KITLG (KIT ligand, also known as SCF), and their minor alleles were associated with increased expression of the KITLG gene in nasal epithelial cells. Gene-by-air-pollution interaction analysis found that the candidate variant rs58475486 interacted with past-year ambient sulfur dioxide exposure (P = 0.003, β = 0.32). This study identified a novel protective genetic association with FEV1, possibly mediated through KITLG, in African American children with asthma. This is the first study that has identified a genetic association between lung function and KITLG, which has established a role in orchestrating allergic inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel C Y Mak
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Satria Sajuthi
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Jaehyun Joo
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Shujie Xiao
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Patrick M Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Marquitta J White
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Eunice Y Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Benjamin Saef
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Kevin L Keys
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
- Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Northwest Genomics Center, Seattle, Washington, 98195
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott Huntsman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Sandra Salazar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Sam S Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Fernando D Martínez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Ann Chen Wu
- Precision Medicine Translational Research (PRoMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Elad Ziv
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Max A Seibold
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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2
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Yashiro T, Kasakura K, Oda Y, Kitamura N, Inoue A, Nakamura S, Yokoyama H, Fukuyama K, Hara M, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Nishiyama M, Nishiyama C. The hematopoietic cell-specific transcription factor PU.1 is critical for expression of CD11c. Int Immunol 2017; 29:87-94. [PMID: 28338898 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PU.1 is a hematopoietic cell-specific transcription factor belonging to the Ets family, which plays an important role in the development of dendritic cells (DCs). CD11c (encoded by Itgax) is well established as a characteristic marker of hematopoietic lineages including DCs. In the present study, we analyzed the role of PU.1 (encoded by Spi-1) in the expression of CD11c. When small interfering RNA (siRNA) for Spi-1 was introduced into bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), the mRNA level and cell surface expression of CD11c were dramatically reduced. Using reporter assays, the TTCC sequence at -56/-53 was identified to be critical for PU.1-mediated activation of the promoter. An EMSA showed that PU.1 directly bound to this region. ChIP assays demonstrated that a significant amount of PU.1 bound to this region on chromosomal DNA in BMDCs, which was decreased in LPS-stimulated BMDCs in accordance with the reduced levels of mRNAs of Itgax and Spi-1, and the histone acetylation degree. Enforced expression of exogenous PU.1 induced the expression of the CD11c protein on the cell surface of mast cells, whereas control transfectants rarely expressed CD11c. Quantitative RT-PCR also showed that the expression of a transcription factor Irf4, which is a partner molecule of PU.1, was reduced in PU.1-knocked down BMDCs. IRF4 transactivated the Itgax gene in a synergistic manner with PU.1. Taken together, these results indicate that PU.1 functions as a positive regulator of CD11c gene expression by directly binding to the Itgax promoter and through transactivation of the Irf4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yashiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.,Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kasakura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.,Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Oda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Nao Kitamura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akihito Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Shusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hokuto Yokoyama
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Laboratory of Cell Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kanako Fukuyama
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Laboratory of Cell Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Hara
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Cell Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.,Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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3
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Nishiyama C. Molecular Mechanism of Allergy-Related Gene Regulation and Hematopoietic Cell Development by Transcription Factors. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:1-9. [PMID: 16428815 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation for the genes encoding alpha- and beta-chains of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI) have been analyzed in mast cells and regulatory mechanisms are beginning to be elucidated. Transcription factors GATA-1 and PU.1 cooperatively transactivate the alpha-chain gene, and three transcription factors, GATA-1, Oct-1, and MZF-1, are involved in regulation of beta-chain gene expression. No single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are functionally related to the allergic diseases have been identified in coding regions of the alpha- and beta-chain genes in a definitive way. However, recent studies on SNPs in the promoter regions have revealed that these genes are probable candidates for new types of allergy-related genes whose transcription levels are affected by transcription factors which discriminate SNPs in the promoters. Another interesting finding on transcription factors functioning in mast cells is that the expression level of PU.1 determines cell fate between mast cells and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Nishiyama
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan.
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4
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Islam S, Hoque SA, Adnan N, Tanaka A, Jinno-Oue A, Hoshino H. X4-tropic human immunodeficiency virus IIIB utilizes CXCR4 as coreceptor, as distinct from R5X4-tropic viruses. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 57:437-44. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases; Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka 565-0871; Japan
| | - Atsushi Jinno-Oue
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Showa-machi; Maebashi, Gunma-371-8511
| | - Hiroo Hoshino
- Department of Virology and Preventive Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Showa-machi; Maebashi, Gunma-371-8511
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5
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Kitamura N, Yokoyama H, Yashiro T, Nakano N, Nishiyama M, Kanada S, Fukai T, Hara M, Ikeda S, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Nishiyama C. Role of PU.1 in MHC class II expression through transcriptional regulation of class II transactivator pI in dendritic cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 129:814-824.e6. [PMID: 22112519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PU.1 is a hematopoietic cell-specific transcription factor belonging to the Ets family. We hypothesized that PU.1 is involved in MHC class II expression in dendritic cells (DCs). OBJECTIVE The role of PU.1 in MHC class II expression in DCs was analyzed. METHODS Transcriptional regulation of the DC-specific pI promoter of the class II transactivator (CIITA) gene and subsequent MHC class II expression was investigated by using PU.1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. RESULTS PU.1 siRNA introduction suppressed MHC class II expression, allogeneic and syngeneic T-cell activation activities of bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) with reduction of CIITA mRNA driven by the DC-specific promoter pI, and MHC class II mRNA. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed constitutive binding of PU.1 to the pI region in BMDCs, whereas acetylation of histone H3 on pI was suppressed by LPS stimulation in parallel with shutdown of CIITA transcription. PU.1 transactivated the pI promoter through cis-elements at -47/-44 and -30/-27 in a reporter assay and to which PU.1 directly bound in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Acetylation of histones H3 and H4 on pI was reduced in PU.1 siRNA-introduced BMDCs. Knockdown of interferon regulatory factor 4 or 8, which is a heterodimer partner of PU.1, by siRNA did not affect pI-driven CIITA transcription or MHC class II expression. CONCLUSION PU.1 basally transactivates the CIITA pI promoter in DCs by functioning as a monomeric transcription factor and by affecting histone modification, resulting in the subsequent expression and function of MHC class II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Kitamura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Nakano N, Nishiyama C, Yagita H, Koyanagi A, Ogawa H, Okumura K. Notch1-mediated signaling induces MHC class II expression through activation of class II transactivator promoter III in mast cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:12042-8. [PMID: 21321116 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.138966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells constitutively express Notch1 and Notch2 on the cell surface. Notch ligand Dll1 (Delta-like 1) stimulation induces MHC class II expression in mast cells and renders them as antigen-presenting cells. However, nothing is known about the mechanism by which Notch signaling induces MHC class II expression in mast cells. MHC class II genes are regulated by the class II transactivator (CIITA). In mice, transcription of the CIITA gene is controlled by three cell type-specific promoters (pI, pIII, and pIV). Here, we show that CIITA expression induced by Dll1 stimulation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) depends critically on the signal mediated by Notch1 and that the most dominant promoter in Notch signaling-mediated CIITA expression in BMMCs is pIII, which is a lymphoid lineage-specific promoter. ChIP assays indicated that Notch signaling increased the binding of the transcription factor PU.1 to CIITA pIII in BMMCs. The knockdown of PU.1 expression using a specific siRNA suppressed Notch signaling-mediated CIITA expression, suggesting that PU.1 contributes to the expression of MHC class II induced by Notch signaling in mast cells. Furthermore, we show that a portion of freshly isolated splenic mast cells express MHC class II and that the most dominant promoter of CIITA in mast cells is pIII. These findings indicate that activation of CIITA pIII plays an important role in MHC class II expression in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy Allergy Research Center, Department of Immunology, Juntendo Univesity School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Critical role of transcription factor PU.1 in the expression of CD80 and CD86 on dendritic cells. Blood 2010; 117:2211-22. [PMID: 21119111 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-291898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of a transcription factor, PU.1, in the regulation of CD80 and CD86 expression in dendritic cells (DCs). A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that PU.1 is constitutively bound to the CD80 and CD86 promoters in bone marrow-derived DCs. In addition, co-expression of PU.1 resulted in the transactivation of the CD80 and CD86 promoters in a reporter assay. The binding of PU.1 to cis-enhancing regions was confirmed by electromobility gel-shift assay. As expected, inhibition of PU.1 expression by short interfering RNA (siRNA) in bone marrow-derived DCs resulted in marked down-regulation of CD80 and CD86 expression. Moreover, overexpression of PU.1 in murine bone marrow-derived lineage-negative cells induced the expression of CD80 and CD86 in the absence of monocyte/DC-related growth factors and/or cytokines. Based on these results, we conclude that PU.1 is a critical factor for the expression of CD80 and CD86. We also found that subcutaneous injection of PU.1 siRNA or topical application of a cream-emulsified PU.1 siRNA efficiently inhibited murine contact hypersensitivity. Our results suggest that PU.1 is a potential target for the treatment of immune-related diseases.
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8
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Eren U, Kum S, Bozkurt M, Gules O. MHC class II expression by mast cells in the genital tract of cows. Vet Res Commun 2010; 34:405-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-010-9411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Shimokawa N, Nishiyama C, Nakano N, Maeda K, Suzuki R, Hara M, Fukai T, Tokura T, Miyajima H, Nakao A, Ogawa H, Okumura K. Suppressive effects of transcription factor GATA-1 on cell type-specific gene expression in dendritic cells. Immunogenetics 2010; 62:421-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-010-0444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Involvement of PU.1 in the transcriptional regulation of TNF-alpha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 388:102-6. [PMID: 19646961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PU.1 is a myeloid- and lymphoid-specific transcription factor that serves many important roles in the development and specific gene regulation of hematopoietic lineages. Mast cells (MC) and dendritic cells (DC) express PU.1 at low and high levels, respectively. Previously, we found that enforced expression of PU.1 in MC resulted in acquisition of DC-like characteristics, including repression of several IgE-mediated responses due to reduced expression of IgE-signaling related molecules. In contrast, PU.1 overexpression in MC up-regulated TNF-alpha production in response to IgE- and LPS-stimulation suggesting that PU.1 positively regulates TNF-alpha expression. However, the role of PU.1 in the expression of TNF-alpha is largely unknown. In the present study, the effects of PU.1 on the TNF-alpha promoter in mouse bone marrow-derived (BM) MC and DC were studied. Real-time PCR, ELISA, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that the kinetics and magnitude of TNF-alpha expression levels following LPS- or IgE-stimulation are related to the amount of PU.1 binding to the promoter. In brief, higher and delayed up-regulation of TNF-alpha promoter function was observed in DC, whereas there were lower and rapid responses in MC. When PU.1-overexpressing retrovirus vector was introduced into MC, the amount of PU.1 recruited to the TNF-alpha promoter markedly increased. The knockdown of PU.1 in BMDC by siRNA resulted in a reduction of TNF-alpha protein produced from LPS-stimulated BMDC. These observations indicate that PU.1 transactivates the TNF-alpha promoter and that the amount of PU.1 binding on the promoter is associated with promoter activity.
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11
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Ito T, Nishiyama C, Nakano N, Nishiyama M, Usui Y, Takeda K, Kanada S, Fukuyama K, Akiba H, Tokura T, Hara M, Tsuboi R, Ogawa H, Okumura K. Roles of PU.1 in monocyte- and mast cell-specific gene regulation: PU.1 transactivates CIITA pIV in cooperation with IFN-gamma. Int Immunol 2009; 21:803-16. [PMID: 19502584 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxp048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-expression of PU.1, a myeloid- and lymphoid-specific transcription factor belonging to the Ets family, induces monocyte-specific gene expression in mast cells. However, the effects of PU.1 on each target gene and the involvement of cytokine signaling in PU.1-mediated gene expression are largely unknown. In the present study, PU.1 was over-expressed in two different types of bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMMCs): BMMCs cultured with IL-3 plus stem cell factor (SCF) and BMMCs cultured with pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen-conditioned medium (PWM-SCM). PU.1 over-expression induced expression of MHC class II, CD11b, CD11c and F4/80 on PWM-SCM-cultured BMMCs, whereas IL-3/SCF-cultured BMMCs expressed CD11b and F4/80, but not MHC class II or CD11c. When IFN-gamma was added to the IL-3/SCF-based medium, PU.1 transfectant acquired MHC class II expression, which was abolished by antibody neutralization or in Ifngr(-/-) BMMCs, through the induction of expression of the MHC class II transactivator, CIITA. Real-time PCR detected CIITA mRNA driven by the fourth promoter, pIV, and chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated direct binding of PU.1 to pIV in PU.1-over-expressing BMMCs. PU.1-over-expressing cells showed a marked increase in IL-6 production in response to LPS stimulation in both IL-3/SCF and PWM-SCM cultures. These results suggest that PU.1 overproduction alone is sufficient for both expression of CD11b and F4/80 and for amplification of LPS-induced IL-6 production. However, IFN-gamma stimulation is essential for PU.1-mediated transactivation of CIITA pIV. Reduced expression of mast cell-related molecules and transcription factors GATA-1/2 and up-regulation of C/EBPalpha in PU.1 transfectants indicate that enforced PU.1 suppresses mast cell-specific gene expression through these transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Ito
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakamura Y, Kambe N, Saito M, Nishikomori R, Nishikomiri R, Kim YG, Murakami M, Núñez G, Matsue H. Mast cells mediate neutrophil recruitment and vascular leakage through the NLRP3 inflammasome in histamine-independent urticaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:1037-46. [PMID: 19364881 PMCID: PMC2715029 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Urticarial rash observed in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) caused by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich repeats containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) mutations is effectively suppressed by anti-interleukin (IL)-1 treatment, suggesting a pathophysiological role of IL-1beta in the skin. However, the cellular mechanisms regulating IL-1beta production in the skin of CAPS patients remain unclear. We identified mast cells (MCs) as the main cell population responsible for IL-1beta production in the skin of CAPS patients. Unlike normal MCs that required stimulation with proinflammatory stimuli for IL-1beta production, resident MCs from CAPS patients constitutively produced IL-1beta. Primary MCs expressed inflammasome components and secreted IL-1beta via NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain when stimulated with microbial stimuli known to activate caspase-1. Furthermore, MCs expressing disease-associated but not wild-type NLRP3 secreted IL-1beta and induced neutrophil migration and vascular leakage, the histological hallmarks of urticarial rash, when transplanted into mouse skin. Our findings implicate MCs as IL-1beta producers in the skin and mediators of histamine-independent urticaria through the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuumi Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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13
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Nakano N, Nishiyama C, Yagita H, Koyanagi A, Akiba H, Chiba S, Ogawa H, Okumura K. Notch signaling confers antigen-presenting cell functions on mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:74-81.e1. [PMID: 19130928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch signaling is involved in cell fate determination along with the development of the immune system. However, very little is known about the role for Notch signaling in mast cells. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of Notch signaling in mast cell functions. METHODS After mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) or peritoneal mast cells (PMCs) were cocultured with mouse Notch ligand-expressing chinese hamster ovary cells for 5 days, we examined the mast cell surface expressions of MHC-II molecules and OX40 ligand (OX40L), Fc epsilon RI-mediated cytokine production, and the effects of the mast cells on proliferation and differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells in vitro. RESULTS We showed that BMMCs and PMCs constitutively expressed Notch1 and Notch2 proteins on the cell surface. We also found that Delta-like 1 (Dll1)/Notch signaling induced the expression of MHC-II and upregulated the expression level of OX40L on the surface of the mast cells. Dll1/Notch signaling augmented Fc epsilon RI-mediated IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and TNF production by BMMCs. Dll1-stimulated MHC-II(+)OX40L(high) BMMCs promoted proliferation of naive CD4(+) T cells and their differentiation into T(H)2 cells producing IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. CONCLUSION Dll1/Notch signaling confers the functions as an antigen-presenting cell on mast cells, which preferentially induce the differentiation of T(H)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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Niwa Y, Nishiyama C, Nakano N, Kamei A, Kato H, Kanada S, Ikeda S, Ogawa H, Okumura K. Opposite effects of PU.1 on mast cell stimulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 375:95-100. [PMID: 18680724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An Ets-family transcription factor PU.1 is involved in the development and specific gene regulation of hematopoietic cells. PU.1 also determines the commitment between several lineages via its expression level. Although enforced expression of PU.1 in mast cells (MC) induced expression of monocyte-specific markers and morphological change from MC to monocytes, especially dendritic cells (DC), in the previous report, intracellular events caused by PU.1 are largely unknown. In the present study, effect of PU.1 on IgE- and LPS-mediated stimulation degrees was analyzed. The amounts of IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-alpha produced from LPS-stimulated MC were markedly increased by overexpression of PU.1. In contrast, IL-6 and IL-13 production levels in response to IgE were reduced by PU.1, whereas that of TNF-alpha was up-regulated. beta-Hexosaminidase release as a means of degranulation was decreased in PU.1 transfectants. When eicosanoid generation in response to IgE-stimulation was analyzed, overexpression of PU.1 reduced leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) release, but enhanced PGD(2) production. Microarray analysis suggested that expression of FcepsilonRI signal pathway related molecules were suppressed in PU.1 overexpressing MC as well as DC. These observations indicate that up-regulation of PU.1 suppresses expression of FcepsilonRI signal transduction-related intracellular molecules, but increases the potential of transcription activity of monocyte characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Niwa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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15
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Mast cell transcriptional networks. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2008; 41:82-90. [PMID: 18406636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Unregulated activation of mast cells can contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and allergic diseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. Absence of mast cells in animal models can lead to impairment in the innate immune response to parasites and bacterial infections. Aberrant clonal accumulation and proliferation of mast cells can result in a variety of diseases ranging from benign cutaneous mastocytosis to systemic mastocytosis or mast cell leukemia. Understanding mast cell differentiation provides important insights into mechanisms of lineage selection during hematopoiesis and can provide targets for new drug development to treat mast cell disorders. In this review, we discuss controversies related to development, sites of origin, and the transcriptional program of mast cells.
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Kitamura Y, Oboki K, Ito A. Development of mast cells. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2007; 83:164-74. [PMID: 24367142 PMCID: PMC3855204 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.83.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are progeny of the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell (MHSC). Mast cell-committed progenitors (MCPs) leave hematopoietic tissues, migrate in peripheral blood, invade to connective or mucosal tissue, proliferate and differentiate to morphologically identifiable mast cells. Phenotype of mast cells (connective tissue-type or mucosal type) is determined by the site of lodgment of MCPs. Most progeny of the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell lose proliferation potential after maturation, but connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMCs) possess appreciable proliferation potential after maturation. Even after functioning by degranulation, CTMCs proliferate and restore the original morphology. The most important cytokine for development and survival of mast cells is KIT ligand, and the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed through the whole developmental process of mast cells from MHSC to mature mast cells. The loss-of-function mutation of KIT gene results in depletion of mast cells, whereas its gain-of-function mutation causes mast cell tumors. Since mast cells are involved in various disease processes, intervention in development of mast cells might be beneficial to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiko Kitamura
- Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi Co., Ltd., Futaba-cho 3–1–1, Toyonaka, Osaka 561–0825,
Japan
- Recipient of Japan Academy Prize in 2005
- Correspondence to : Y. Kitamura ()
| | - Keisuke Oboki
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Okura 2–10–1, Setagaya, Tokyo 157–8535,
Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Division of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kusunoki-cho 7–5–1, Kobe, Hyogo 650–0017,
Japan
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17
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Nakano N, Nishiyama C, Kanada S, Niwa Y, Shimokawa N, Ushio H, Nishiyama M, Okumura K, Ogawa H. Involvement of mast cells in IL-12/23 p40 production is essential for survival from polymicrobial infections. Blood 2007; 109:4846-55. [PMID: 17289816 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-09-045641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a heterodimeric cytokine (p35/p40) produced mainly from macrophages and dendritic cells, is an important regulator of T-helper 1 cell responses and for host defense. We found that interferon (IFN) consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP), which is a transcription factor essential for the expression of p40, was expressed in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). The transcription levels of p35 and p40 were increased by stimulation of BMMCs with IFN-gamma/lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IL-12 was secreted from BMMCs in response to LPS but not by FcepsilonRI cross-linking. The p40 levels in the peritoneal cavity of mast cell-deficient W/W(v) and W/W(v) reconstituted with p40(-/-) BMMCs were significantly lower than those of WBB6F(1)(+/+) and wild-type (WT) BMMC-reconstituted W/W(v) in the acute septic peritonitis model. The survival rate of W/W(v) reconstituted with p40(-/-) BMMCs was significantly decreased compared to those of WBB6F(1)(+/+) and WT-BMMC-reconstituted W/W(v), which was due to reduced production of IFN-gamma and subsequent impaired activation of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity. Survival rate of p40(-/-) mice was also restored by adoptive transfer of WT-BMMCs. These results demonstrate that mast cells play a significant role in the production of IL-12 required for host defense. This is the first report to demonstrate that mast cells are a crucial source of functional IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nakano
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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18
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Okayama Y, Kawakami T. Development, migration, and survival of mast cells. Immunol Res 2006; 34:97-115. [PMID: 16760571 PMCID: PMC1490026 DOI: 10.1385/ir:34:2:97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells play a pivotal role in immediate hypersensitivity and chronic allergic reactions that can contribute to asthma, atopic dermatitis, and other allergic diseases. Because mast cell numbers are increased at sites of inflammation in allergic diseases, pharmacologic intervention into the proliferation, migration, and survival (or apoptosis) of mast cells could be a promising strategy for the management of allergic diseases. Mast cells differentiate from multipotent hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a major chemotactic factor for mast cells and their progenitors. SCF also elicits cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion, facilitates the proliferation, and sustains the survival, differentiation, and maturation, of mast cells. Therefore, many aspects of mast cell biology can be understood as interactions of mast cells and their precursors with SCF and factors that modulate their responses to SCF and its signaling pathways. Numerous factors known to have such a capacity include cytokines that are secreted from activated T cells and other immune cells including mast cells themselves. Recent studies also demonstrated that monomeric IgE binding to FcepsilonRI can enhance mast-cell survival. In this review we discuss the factors that regulate mast cell development, migration, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimichi Okayama
- Research Unit for Allergy Transcriptome, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA
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Wang Y, Baron RM, Zhu G, Joo M, Christman JW, Silverman ES, Perrella MA, Riese RJ, Cernadas M. PU.1 regulates cathepsin S expression in professional APCs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:275-83. [PMID: 16365419 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.1.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin S (CTSS) is a cysteine protease that is constitutively expressed in APCs and mediates processing of MHC class II-associated invariant chain. CTSS and the Ets family transcription factor PU.1 are highly expressed in cells of both myeloid (macrophages and dendritic cells) and lymphoid (B lymphocytes) lineages. Therefore, we hypothesized that PU.1 participates in the transcriptional regulation of CTSS in these cells. In A549 cells (a human epithelial cell line that does not express either CTSS or PU.1), the expression of PU.1 enhances CTSS promoter activity approximately 5- to 10-fold. In RAW cells (a murine macrophage-like cell line that constitutively expresses both CTSS and PU.1), the expression of a dominant-negative PU.1 protein and a short-interfering RNA PU.1 construct attenuates basal CTSS promoter activity, mRNA levels, and protein expression. EMSAs show binding of PU.1 to oligonucleotides derived from the CTSS promoter at two different Ets consensus binding elements. Mutation of these sites decreases the baseline CTSS activity in RAW cells that constitutively express PU.1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show binding of PU.1 with the CTSS promoter in this same region. Finally, the expression of PU.1, in concert with several members of the IFN regulatory factor family, enhances CTSS promoter activity beyond that achieved by PU.1 alone. These data indicate that PU.1 participates in the regulation of CTSS transcription in APCs. Thus, manipulation of PU.1 expression may directly alter the endosomal proteolytic environment in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Ito T, Nishiyama C, Nishiyama M, Matsuda H, Maeda K, Akizawa Y, Tsuboi R, Okumura K, Ogawa H. Mast cells acquire monocyte-specific gene expression and monocyte-like morphology by overproduction of PU.1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:376-83. [PMID: 15611261 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.1.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PU.1 is a myeloid- and lymphoid-specific transcription factor that belongs to the Ets family. Recently, we found that overproduction of PU.1 in mouse bone marrow-derived hemopoietic progenitor cells induced monocyte-specific gene expression and caused their monocyte-like morphological change. In the present study, PU.1 was overproduced by using retrovirus expression system in differentiated bone marrow-derived mast cells. By overexpression of PU.1, cell surface expression of MHC class II, CD11b, CD11c, and F4/80 was induced, accompanied by reduced expression of c-kit, a mast cell-specific marker. Morphology of PU.1-transfected cells was altered toward monocyte-like one. PU.1-overproducing cells acquired T cell stimulatory ability and showed an increase in response to LPS stimulation, while response through FcepsilonRI was markedly reduced by overproduction of PU.1. These results suggest that the differentiated mast cells still have potential to display monocytic features. When PU.1 was overproduced in a different type of mast cell, peritoneal mast cells, similar monocyte-like morphological change, and the expression of CD11b and F4/80 were induced. However, surface level of CD11c and MHC class II was not affected. These results indicate that the potential capacity to exhibit monocytic features is different between both the mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Ito
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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21
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Nishiyama C, Masuoka N, Nishiyama M, Ito T, Yamane H, Okumura K, Ogawa H. Evidence against requirement of Ser41 and Ser45 for function of PU.1 -- molecular cloning of rat PU.1. FEBS Lett 2004; 572:57-64. [PMID: 15304324 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2004] [Revised: 07/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor PU.1 plays an important role in the development of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages and regulates the transcription of several genes expressed in these cells. Ser41 is conserved in the acidic region (33-47) of PU.1 from a variety of eukaryocytes and has been reported to be one of the two important Ser residues (S41 and S45) for the function of PU.1. In the present study, however, we found that rat PU.1 has Gly at position 41. To elucidate the role of amino acid residues at 41 and 45 in functions of PU.1, we generated mutants of rat PU.1, G41S, G41A, and S45A, and analyzed their transcription-enhancing activities by using two different systems, transient reporter assay system and retroviral transfection system. The amino acid substitution at 41 of PU.1 causes no effect on both transcription-enhancing activity for M-CSF receptor promoter and the cooperative transcription-enhancing activity with GATA-1 for FcRI alpha-chain promoter. Furthermore, the substitution at 41 also had no effect on the activity to induce monocyte-specific gene expression in the bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells. From these results, we conclude that Ser41 as well as Ser45 are not essential for the promoter-upregulating function of PU.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Nishiyama
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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22
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Nishiyama C, Nishiyama M, Ito T, Masaki S, Masuoka N, Yamane H, Kitamura T, Ogawa H, Okumura K. Functional analysis of PU.1 domains in monocyte-specific gene regulation. FEBS Lett 2004; 561:63-8. [PMID: 15013752 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(04)00116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2004] [Revised: 01/28/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Ets family transcription factor PU.1 is required for the development of various lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages, and regulates the expression of several genes in a cell type-specific manner. Recently we found that overproduction of PU.1 in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cell progenitors induced the expression of monocyte-specific genes. This prompted us to analyze the functions of each domain of PU.1 in monocyte-specific gene expression, using transfection of mast cell progenitors with a series of retrovirus vectors for overexpression of various truncation mutants. Both the acidic region and the Ets domain of PU.1 were required for expression of monocyte-specific genes, and for enhanced interleukin-6 production in response to lipopolysaccharide. The Gln-rich region was suggested to be involved in expression of both MHC class II and F4/80. On the other hand, when PU.1 protein lacking the PEST domain was produced in the progenitor cells, expression of monocyte-specific genes was substantially enhanced, suggesting that the PEST domain plays a negative role in monocyte-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Nishiyama
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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