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Park B, Kim SH, Yu SN, Kim KY, Jeon H, Ahn SC. Exploring a Novel Role of Glycerol Kinase 1 in Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:997. [PMID: 39199385 PMCID: PMC11352368 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinically, prostate cancer is infamous for its histological and molecular heterogeneity, which causes great challenges to pinpoint therapy and pharmaceutical development. To overcome these difficulties, researchers are focusing on modulating tumor microenvironment and immune responses in addition to genetic alteration and epigenetic regulation. Here, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers or modulators of prostate cancer by investigating genes specifically altered in prostate cancer cells treated with established anti-cancer agents. Glycerol kinase 1 (GK1) is phosphotransferase encoded on the X chromosome, is associated with the synthesis of triglycerides and glycerophospholipids, and has been mainly studied for X-linked metabolic disorder GK deficiency (GKD). Interestingly, our DNA microarray analysis showed that several anti-cancer agents highly induced the expression of GK1, especially GK1a and GK1b isoforms, in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. To elucidate the relationship between GK1 and cancer cell death, a human GK1b-specific expression vector was constructed and transfected into the PC-3 cells. Surprisingly, GK1b overexpression dramatically reduced cell viability and significantly accelerated apoptotic cell death. These findings suggest that GK1b may serve as a promising modulator and biomarker of cell death in prostate cancer, offering potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobae Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (S.-N.Y.); (H.J.)
| | - Sang-Hun Kim
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Sun-Nyoung Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (S.-N.Y.); (H.J.)
| | - Kwang-Youn Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hoyeon Jeon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (S.-N.Y.); (H.J.)
| | - Soon-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (S.-N.Y.); (H.J.)
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Ahn J, Lee JW, Nam SM, Kim DK, Cho SK, Choi HK. Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals ortho-topolin riboside exhibits anticancer activity by regulating metabolic pathways in radio-resistant triple negative breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111089. [PMID: 38823535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Radio-resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is resistant to conventional drugs and radiation therapy. ortho-topolin riboside (oTR) has been evaluated for its anticancer activity in several types of cancer cells. However, its anti-proliferative activity in radio-resistant TNBC cells has not yet been reported. Therefore, we investigated the anti-proliferative activity of oTR in radio-resistant TNBC cells, and performed metabolome, lipidome, transcriptome, and proteome profiling to reveal the mechanisms of the anticancer activity of oTR. oTR showed cytotoxicity against radio-resistant TNBC cells with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 7.78 μM. Significantly decreased (p value < 0.05) basal and compensatory glycolysis were observed in the oTR-treated group than untreated group. Mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity, which is relevant to cell fitness and flexibility, was significantly decreased (p value < 0.05) in the oTR-treated group. The major metabolic pathways significantly altered by oTR according to metabolome, transcriptome, and proteome profiles were the glycerolipid/glycerophospholipid pathway (log2(FC) of MGLL = -0.13, log2(FC) of acylglycerol lipase = -1.35, log2(FC) of glycerol = -0.81), glycolysis (log2(FC) of EGLN1 = 0.16, log2(FC) of EGLN1 = 0.62, log2(FC) of glucose = -0.76, log2(FC) of lactate = -0.81), and kynurenine pathway (log2(FC) of KYNU = 0.29, log2(FC) of kynureninase = 0.55, log2(FC) of alanine = 0.72). Additionally, proline metabolism (log2(FC) of PYCR1 = -0.17, log2(FC) of proline = -0.73) was significantly altered in the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles. The MAPK signaling pathway (log2(FC) of CCN1 = -0.15, log2(FC) of CCN family member 1 = -1.02) and Rap 1 signaling pathway (log2(FC) of PARD6B = -0.28, log2(FC) of PAR6B = -3.13) were also significantly altered in transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. The findings of this study revealed that oTR has anticancer activity in radio-resistant TNBC cells by affecting various metabolic pathways, suggesting the potential of oTR as a novel anticancer agent for radio-resistant TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kyeong Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Castellá M, Mestres-Arenas A, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Blasco-Roset A, Quesada-López T, Romero-Carramiñana I, Giralt M, Villarroya F, Cereijo R. The splicing factor SF3B1 is involved in brown adipocyte thermogenic activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116014. [PMID: 38158020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The ability of alternative splicing mechanisms to control gene expression is increasingly being recognized as relevant for adipose tissue function. The expression of SF3B1, a key component of the SF3B complex directly involved in spliceosome formation, was previously reported to be significantly induced in brown adipose tissue under cold-induced thermogenic activation. Here, we identify that noradrenergic cAMP-mediated thermogenic stimulation increases SF3B1 expression in brown and beige adipocytes. We further show that pladienolide-B, a drug that binds SF3B1 to inhibit pre-mRNA splicing by targeting the SF3B complex, down-regulates key components of the thermogenic machinery (e.g., UCP1 gene expression), differentially alters the expression of alternative splicing-regulated transcripts encoding molecular actors involved in the oxidative metabolism of brown adipocytes (e.g., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-alpha [PGC-1α] and cytochrome oxidase subunit 7a genes), and impairs the respiratory activity of brown adipocytes. Similar alterations were found in brown adipocytes with siRNA-mediated knockdown of SF3B1 protein levels. Our findings collectively indicate that SF3B1 is a key factor in the appropriate thermogenic activation of differentiated brown adipocytes. This work exemplifies the importance of splicing processes in adaptive thermogenesis and suggests that pharmacological tools, such as pladienolide-B, may be used to modulate brown adipocyte thermogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Castellá
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Mestres-Arenas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Blasco-Roset
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Quesada-López
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), and Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Romero-Carramiñana
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM); Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Murthy MHS, Jasbi P, Lowe W, Kumar L, Olaosebikan M, Roger L, Yang J, Lewinski N, Daniels N, Cowen L, Klein-Seetharaman J. Insulin signaling and pharmacology in humans and in corals. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16804. [PMID: 38313028 PMCID: PMC10838073 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Once thought to be a unique capability of the Langerhans islets in the pancreas of mammals, insulin (INS) signaling is now recognized as an evolutionarily ancient function going back to prokaryotes. INS is ubiquitously present not only in humans but also in unicellular eukaryotes, fungi, worms, and Drosophila. Remote homologue identification also supports the presence of INS and INS receptor in corals where the availability of glucose is largely dependent on the photosynthetic activity of the symbiotic algae. The cnidarian animal host of corals operates together with a 20,000-sized microbiome, in direct analogy to the human gut microbiome. In humans, aberrant INS signaling is the hallmark of metabolic disease, and is thought to play a major role in aging, and age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. We here would like to argue that a broader view of INS beyond its human homeostasis function may help us understand other organisms, and in turn, studying those non-model organisms may enable a novel view of the human INS signaling system. To this end, we here review INS signaling from a new angle, by drawing analogies between humans and corals at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Whitney Lowe
- Departments of Chemistry & Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Lokender Kumar
- Departments of Chemistry & Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
| | | | - Liza Roger
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- School of Ocean Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jinkyu Yang
- Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nastassja Lewinski
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Noah Daniels
- Department of Computer Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Lenore Cowen
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Chemistry & Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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5
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Castellá M, Blasco-Roset A, Peyrou M, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Villarroya J, Quesada-López T, Lorente-Poch L, Sancho J, Szymczak F, Piron A, Rodríguez-Fernández S, Carobbio S, Goday A, Domingo P, Vidal-Puig A, Giralt M, Eizirik DL, Villarroya F, Cereijo R. Adipose tissue plasticity in pheochromocytoma patients suggests a role of the splicing machinery in human adipose browning. iScience 2023; 26:106847. [PMID: 37250773 PMCID: PMC10209542 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue from pheochromocytoma patients acquires brown fat features, making it a valuable model for studying the mechanisms that control thermogenic adipose plasticity in humans. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a massive downregulation of splicing machinery components and splicing regulatory factors in browned adipose tissue from patients, with upregulation of a few genes encoding RNA-binding proteins potentially involved in splicing regulation. These changes were also observed in cell culture models of human brown adipocyte differentiation, confirming a potential involvement of splicing in the cell-autonomous control of adipose browning. The coordinated changes in splicing are associated with a profound modification in the expression levels of splicing-driven transcript isoforms for genes involved in the specialized metabolism of brown adipocytes and those encoding master transcriptional regulators of adipose browning. Splicing control appears to be a relevant component of the coordinated gene expression changes that allow human adipose tissue to acquire a brown phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Castellá
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Blasco-Roset
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Quesada-López
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Juan Sancho
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florian Szymczak
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anthony Piron
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Fernández
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge 289, UK
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Bases Moleculares de Patologías Humanas, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pere Domingo
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge 289, UK
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Décio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); and Institut de Recerca de Sant Joan de Déu, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Nikolaou KC, Vatandaslar H, Meyer C, Schmid MW, Tuschl T, Stoffel M. The RNA-Binding Protein A1CF Regulates Hepatic Fructose and Glycerol Metabolism via Alternative RNA Splicing. Cell Rep 2020; 29:283-300.e8. [PMID: 31597092 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of hepatic gene expression has been extensively studied at the transcriptional level; however, the control of metabolism through posttranscriptional gene regulation by RNA-binding proteins in physiological and disease states is less understood. Here, we report a major role for the hormone-sensitive RNA-binding protein (RBP) APOBEC1 complementation factor (A1CF) in the generation of hepatocyte-specific and alternatively spliced transcripts. Among these transcripts are isoforms for the dominant and high-affinity fructose-metabolizing ketohexokinase C and glycerol kinase, two key metabolic enzymes that are linked to hepatic gluconeogenesis and found to be markedly reduced upon hepatic ablation of A1cf. Consequently, mice lacking A1CF exhibit improved glucose tolerance and are protected from fructose-induced hyperglycemia, hepatic steatosis, and development of obesity. Our results identify a previously unreported function of A1CF as a regulator of alternative splicing of a subset of genes influencing hepatic glucose production through fructose and glycerol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas C Nikolaou
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hasan Vatandaslar
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cindy Meyer
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Marc W Schmid
- MWSchmid GmbH, Möhrlistrasse 25, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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7
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Miao L, Su F, Yang Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Zhan Y, Yin R, Yu M, Li C, Yang X, Ge C. Glycerol kinase enhances hepatic lipid metabolism by repressing nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A1 in the nucleus. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:370-377. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol kinase (GYK) plays a critical role in hepatic metabolism by converting glycerol to glycerol 3-phosphate in an ATP-dependent reaction. GYK isoform b is the only glycerol kinase present in whole cells, and has a non-enzymatic moonlighting function in the nucleus. GYK isoform b acts as a co-regulator of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A1 (NR4A1) and participates in the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism by protein–protein interaction with NR4A1. Herein, GYK expression was found to upregulate the expression of NR4A1-mediated lipid metabolism-related genes (SREBP1C, FASN, ACACA, and GPAM) in HEK293T and L02 cells, and in mouse in vivo studies. GYK expression increased blood levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. It enhanced the transcriptional activity of Nr4a1 target genes by negatively cooperating with NR4A1 and its enzymatic activity or by other undefined moonlighting functions. This enhancement was observed in both normal and diabetic mice. We also found a feed-forward regulation loop between GYK and NR4A1, serving as part of a GYK-NR4A1 regulatory mechanism in hepatic metabolism. Thus, GYK regulates the effect of NR4A1 on hepatic lipid metabolism in normal and diabetic mice, partially through the cooperation of GYK and NR4A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Miao
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fei Su
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Institute of Acu-moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yiqun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ronghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Changyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Changhui Ge
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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8
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Miao L, Yang Y, Liu Y, Lai L, Wang L, Zhan Y, Yin R, Yu M, Li C, Yang X, Ge C. Glycerol kinase interacts with nuclear receptor NR4A1 and regulates glucose metabolism in the liver. FASEB J 2019; 33:6736-6747. [PMID: 30821173 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800945rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol kinase (Gyk), consisting of 4 isoforms, plays a critical role in metabolism by converting glycerol to glycerol 3-phosphate in an ATP-dependent reaction. Only Gyk isoform b is present in whole cells, but its function in the nucleus remains elusive. Previous studies have shown that nuclear orphan receptor subfamily 4 group A member (NR4A)-1 is an important regulator of hepatic glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. We aimed to elucidate the functional interaction between nuclear Gyk and NR4A1 during hepatic gluconeogenesis in the unfed state and diabetes. We identified nuclear Gyk as a novel corepressor of NR4A1 in the liver; moreover, this recruitment was dependent on the C-terminal ligand-binding domain instead of the N-terminal activation function 1 domain, which interacts with other NR4A1 coregulators. NR4A1 transcriptional activity was inhibited by Gyk via protein-protein interaction but not enzymatic activity. Moreover, Gyk overexpression suppressed NR4A1 ability to regulate the expression of target genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis in vitro and in vivo as well as blood glucose regulation, which was observed in both unfed and diabetic mice. These results highlight the moonlighting function of nuclear Gyk, which was found to act as a coregulator of NR4A1, participating in the regulation of hepatic glucose homeostasis in the unfed state and diabetes.-Miao, L., Yang, Y., Liu, Y., Lai, L., Wang, L., Zhan, Y., Yin, R., Yu, M., Li, C., Yang, X., Ge, C. Glycerol kinase interacts with nuclear receptor NR4A1 and regulates glucose metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Miao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Institute of AcuMoxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yue Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Lai
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; and.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; and
| | - Ronghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; and
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; and
| | - Changyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; and
| | - Changhui Ge
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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9
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Shimada K, Kato H, Miyata H, Ikawa M. Glycerol kinase 2 is essential for proper arrangement of crescent-like mitochondria to form the mitochondrial sheath during mouse spermatogenesis. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:155-162. [PMID: 30662012 PMCID: PMC6473107 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial sheath is composed of mitochondria that coil tightly around the midpiece of sperm flagellum. These mitochondria are recruited from the cytoplasm to the flagellum late in
spermatogenesis. Initially, recruited mitochondria are spherical-shaped but then elongate laterally to become crescent-like in shape. Subsequently, crescent-like mitochondria elongate
continuously to coil tightly around the flagellum. Recently, disorganization of the mitochondrial sheath was reported in Glycerol kinase 2 (Gk2) disrupted mice. To analyze
the disorganization of the mitochondrial sheath further, we generated Gk2-deficient mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and observed sperm mitochondria in testis using a
freeze-fracture method with scanning electron microscopy. Gk2-disrupted spermatids show abnormal localization of crescent-like mitochondria, in spite of the initial proper
alignment of spherical mitochondria around the flagellum, which causes abnormal mitochondrial sheath formation leading to exposure of the outer dense fibers. These results indicate that GK2
is essential for proper arrangement of crescent-like mitochondria to form the mitochondrial sheath during mouse spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shimada
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kato
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Miyata
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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10
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Glycerol kinase-like proteins cooperate with Pld6 in regulating sperm mitochondrial sheath formation and male fertility. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17030. [PMID: 28852571 PMCID: PMC5566117 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatids undergo the final steps of maturation during spermiogenesis, a process that necessitates extensive rearrangement of organelles such as the mitochondria. Male infertility has been linked to mitochondrial disorder, for example, hypospermatogenesis and asthenozoospermia. However, the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial dynamics during spermiogenesis remain largely unknown. We found the glycerol kinase (Gyk)-like proteins glycerol kinase-like 1 (Gykl1) and glycerol kinase 2 (Gk2) were specifically localized to the mitochondria in spermatids. Male mice deficient in either Gykl1 or Gk2 were infertile due to dysfunctional spermatozoa, which exhibited unregulated ATP production, disordered mitochondrial sheath formation, abnormal mitochondrial morphology, and defective sperm tail. We demonstrated that the unique C-terminal sequences found in Gykl1 and Gk2 mediated their targeting to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Furthermore, both Gykl1 and Gk2 could interact with Pld6 (MitoPLD) and induce Pld6 and phosphatidic acid (PA)-dependent mitochondrial clustering in cells. Taken together, our study has revealed previously unsuspected functions of Gyk-like proteins in spermiogenesis, providing new insight into the potential mechanisms that lead to spermatozoa dysfunction and male infertility.
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11
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Ishige N. Hepatocyte selection medium-enriched hepatocellular carcinoma cells are positive for α-fetoprotein and CD44. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:899-902. [PMID: 28693249 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues surrounding hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) lack glucose. Hepatocyte selection medium (HSM) is deficient in glucose and is supplemented with galactose. HCC cells were cultured in HSM to investigate the stem cell markers α-fetoprotein (AFP) and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). HCC cells (HLF and PLC/PRF/5 cells) were cultured in HSM. Viable cell numbers were determined on days 0 and 7 following culture in HSM. RNA was isolated and subjected to reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to analyze the mRNA expression levels of AFP and CD44. Immunostaining was performed to analyze the protein levels of AFP and CD44. The number of viable cells was significantly decreased on day 7 following culture in HSM. The expression levels of AFP and CD44 increased on day 7 as assessed using RT-qPCR. Immunostaining confirmed the results of RT-qPCR analysis. The number of viable HCC cells was decreased in HSM, whereas the expression levels of AFP and CD44 increased. Therefore, HSM is potentially useful for the enrichment of HCC cells with cancer stem cell characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Shinozaki
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Motoyoshi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishige
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
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12
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Ishige N. Proliferation and motility of hepatocellular, pancreatic and gastric cancer cells grown in a medium without glucose and arginine, but with galactose and ornithine. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1276-1280. [PMID: 28454246 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human primary hepatocytes are able to survive in a medium without glucose and arginine, but supplemented with galactose and ornithine (hepatocyte selection medium; HSM). To address the possibility of the application of HSM in cancer therapy, hepatocellular carcinoma cells, pancreatic cancer cells and gastric cancer cells were cultured in HSM. Cell proliferation was analyzed using an MTS assay. Morphological changes were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Apoptosis was analyzed using a TUNEL assay and cell motility was assessed with a scratch assay. Cell proliferation was significantly suppressed in cell lines grown in HSM (P<0.01 in all the cell lines). Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed pyknotic nuclei, suggesting that these cells had undergone apoptosis. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in HSM. In the scratch assay, the distance between the growing edge and the scratched edge was significantly lower (P<0.01 in all the cell lines) in cells cultured in HSM, compared with those grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium or RPMI-1640. Therefore, the proliferation and motility of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, pancreatic cancer cells and gastric cancer cells was suppressed, and these cells subsequently underwent apoptosis in a medium without glucose and arginine, but containing galactose and ornithine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Shinozaki
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Motoyoshi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishige
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
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13
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Ishige N. Proliferation of sphere-forming hepatocellular carcinoma cells is suppressed in a medium without glucose and arginine, but with galactose and ornithine. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1264-1268. [PMID: 28454244 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells exhibiting stemness was evaluated using a sphere formation assay. A hepatocyte selection medium (HSM) deficient in glucose and arginine was used to suppress the proliferation of cell spheres composed of HLF and PLC/PRF/5 HCC cells, which were subjected to a sphere formation assay. Cell spheres were cultured with sorafenib and subjected to a cell proliferation assay and the expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) were analyzed in RNA extracted from sphere-forming cells using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sphere-forming PLC/PRF/5 cells were more resistant to sorafenib, as compared with control cells, exhibiting higher expression levels of CYP3A4. When cultured in HSM, suppressed proliferation was observed in the sphere-forming PLC/PRF/5 cells and in the control cells, with no significant variation between them. The results suggest that deprivation of glucose and arginine is a potential novel treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Shinozaki
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Motoyoshi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishige
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
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14
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Ishige N. Cell death in a co-culture of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells in a medium lacking glucose and arginine. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:258-262. [PMID: 28123551 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human primary hepatocytes are able to survive in a medium without glucose and arginine that is instead supplemented with galactose and ornithine (hepatocyte selection medium; HSM). This is because the cells produce glucose and arginine by the action of galactokinase (GALK) and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTC), respectively. It was expected that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells do not survive in HSM. In the current study, HCC cell lines (namely HLE, HLF, PLC/PRL/5, Hep3B and HepG2) and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in HSM, and the expression levels of GALK1, GALK2 and OTC were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HLE, HLF and PLC/PRL/5 cells died on day 11, while Hep3B, HepG2 and HUVECs died on day 7. HLF cells were further analyzed as these cells had lower expression levels of GALK1, GALK2 and OTC compared with adult liver cells, and survived until day 11. In these cells, the expression levels of GALK1, GALK2 and OTC did not change on days 3 and 7 as compared to day 0. In addition, a co-culture of HLF cells with HUVECs was established and the medium was changed to HSM. It was observed that HLF cells and HUVECs in co-culture were damaged in HSM. In summary, HCC cells and HUVECs died in a medium without glucose and arginine that was supplemented with galactose and ornithine. HCC cells and HUVECs were damaged in HSM, suggesting a potential application for treatment with the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Shinozaki
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Motoyoshi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishige
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
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15
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Improved Survival and Initiation of Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Hepatocyte-Like Cells upon Culture in William's E Medium followed by Hepatocyte Differentiation Inducer Treatment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153435. [PMID: 27073925 PMCID: PMC4830564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte differentiation inducer (HDI) lacks both glucose and arginine, but is supplemented with galactose and ornithine, and is added together with other reagents such as apoptosis inhibitor and oncostatin M. Although human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells initiate hepatocyte differentiation, most die within 7 days. In this study, we investigated both HDI and conventional media for their potential to improve cell survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS 201B7 iPS cells were cultured in conventional media. This consisted of three cycles of 5-day culture in William's E (WE) medium, followed by a 2-day culture in HDI. RESULTS Expression levels of α-feto protein (AFP) were higher in cells cultured in WE and in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium/Nutrient F-12 Ham (DF12). 201B7 cells expressed the highest AFP and albumin (ALB) when cultured in HDI for 2 days following 7-day culture in WE. After three cycles of 5-day culture in WE followed by 2 days in HDI, 201B7 cells expressed AFP and ALB 54 ± 2.3 (average ± standard deviation) and 73 ± 15.1 times higher, respectively, than those cultured in ReproFF (feeder-free condition). CONCLUSION 201B7 cells survived culture in WE for 7 days followed HDI for 2 days. After three cycles of culture under these conditions, hepatocyte differentiation was enhanced, as evidenced by increased AFP and ALB expression.
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16
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Ishige N. An Optimal Medium Supplementation Regimen for Initiation of Hepatocyte Differentiation in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1479-89. [PMID: 25683148 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells are an ideal source for hepatocytes. Glucose and arginine are necessary for cells to survive. Hepatocytes have galactokinase (GALK), which metabolizes galactose for gluconeogenesis, and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), which converts ornithine to arginine in the urea cycle. Hepatocyte selection medium (HSM) lacks both glucose and arginine, but contains galactose and ornithine. Although human primary hepatocytes survive in HSM, all the hiPS cells die in 3 days. The aim of this study was to modify HSM so as to initiate hepatocyte differentiation in hiPS cells within 2 days. Hepatocyte differentiation initiating medium (HDI) was prepared by adding oncostatin M (10 ng/ml), hepatocyte functional proliferation inducer (10 nM), 2,2'-methylenebis (1,3-cyclohexanedione) (M50054) (100 μg/ml), 1× non-essential amino acid, 1× sodium pyruvate, nicotinamide (1.2 mg/ml), L-proline (30 ng/ml), and L-glutamine (0.3 mg/ml) to HSM. HiPS cells (201B7 cells) were cultured in HDI for 2 days. RNA was isolated, used as template for cDNA, and subjected to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Alpha-fetoprotein, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and delta-like 1 were upregulated. Expression of albumin was not observed. Expression of transcription factors specific to hepatocytes was upregulated. The expression of GALK2, OTC, and CYP3A4 were increased. In conclusion, differentiation of 201B7 cells to hepatoblast-like cells was initiated in HDI. Limitations were small number of cells were obtained, and the cells with HDI were not mature hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba, 284-0003, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Shinozaki
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba, 284-0003, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Motoyoshi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba, 284-0003, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba, 284-0003, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba, 284-0003, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishige
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba, 284-0003, Japan
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17
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Ishige N. Hepatocyte selection medium eliminating induced pluripotent stem cells among primary human hepatocytes. World J Methodol 2015; 5:108-114. [PMID: 26413482 PMCID: PMC4572022 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v5.i3.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic insufficiency is a fatal liver disease with a significant decrease in functioning hepatocytes. If hepatocytes could be generated from human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells and transplanted into patients with hepatic insufficiency, the disease may become curable. However, a major limitation to this therapeutic strategy is due to the tumorigenicity of hiPS cells and their ability to form cancer. Current methods for eliminating unwanted hiPS cells use genetic manipulation or reagents that are potentially hazardous for hepatocytes; therefore, revised methods are necessary and anticipated. Glucose and arginine are essential cell culture medium ingredients for the survival of most cells, including hiPS cells. However, hepatocytes can produce its own glucose and arginine through galactokinase and ornithine transcarbamylase, respectively. Therefore, it was hypothesized that unwanted hiPS cells could be eliminated in a medium without glucose and arginine, and supplemented with galactose and ornithine instead. This modified medium has been established as hepatocyte selection medium (HSM). So far, attempts to generate a pure colony of mature hepatocytes from hiPS cells have not been successful. After establishment of co-culture in HSM, primary human hepatocytes survive while hiPS cells die within three days. Our latest results regarding a modification of HSM will be introduced in this manuscript.
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18
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Kondo Y, Yoshihashi S, Mimori K, Ogihara R, Kanehama Y, Maki Y, Enosawa S, Kurose K, Iwao T, Nakamura K, Matsunaga T. Selective culture method for hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 29:407-13. [PMID: 24785642 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-14-rg-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish culture conditions which are able to give the differentiation of induced pluripotent (iPS) cells to hepatocytes. To this end, we examined the usefulness of a culture medium containing the components involved in the intermediary metabolism in the liver. More specifically, we examined the effect of the "modified L-15 medium" containing galactose, phenylalanine and ornitine, but deprived of glucose, tyrosine, arginine and pyruvic acid. The medium was altered according to changes in the expression of enzymes that participate in liver-specific pathways. After 25 days of differentiation, the differentiated cells expressed hepatocyte markers and drug-metabolizing enzymes. These expression levels were increased using modified L-15 medium. The survival of human fetal liver cells and the death of human fibroblasts were observed during culture in modified L-15 medium. Most of the cells that differentiated from human iPS cells using modified L-15 medium were stained by anti-human albumin antibody. These results suggest that iPS cells can be converted to high purity-differentiated hepatocytes by cultivating them in modified L-15 medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kondo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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19
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Sueishi M, Yoshida T. Survival of primary human hepatocytes and death of induced pluripotent stem cells in media lacking glucose and arginine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71897. [PMID: 23967260 PMCID: PMC3743790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumorigenicity is an associated risk for transplantation of hepatocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells. Hepatocytes express the enzymes galactokinase and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) to aid in their own survival. However, hiPS cells do not express these enzymes, and therefore, are not be expected to survive in a medium containing galactose and ornithine and lacking glucose and arginine. Materials and Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to analyze the expression of galactokinase 1 (GALK1)1 and GALK2, ornithine carbamyltransferase, and phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). The hiPS cell line 201B7 was cultured in hepatocyte selection medium (HSM), which lacks glucose and arginine but contains galactose and ornithine. Furthermore, microscopic analysis of the cultured cells was performed after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The hiPS cells were immunostained to assess their pluripotency in HSM. In addition, the primary human hepatocytes were cultured with or without hiPS cells in HSM. Results The expression levels of GALK1, GALK2, OTC, and PAH in 201B7 were 22.2±5.0 (average ± standard deviation), 14.2% ±1.1%, 1.2% ±0.2%, and 8.4% ±0.7% respectively, compared with those in the adult liver. The hiPS cell population diminished when cultured in HSM and completely disappeared after 3 days. The cultured cells showed condensation or fragmentation of their nuclei, thereby suggesting apoptosis. TUNEL staining confirmed that the cells had undergone apoptosis. The 201B7 cells were positive for Nanog, SSEA-4, and TRA-1-60. The primary human hepatocytes survived when cultured alone in HSM and when co-cultured with hiPS cells. Conclusion Therefore, HSM is and ideal medium for eliminating hiPS cells and purifying hepatocytes without inducing any damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido City, Chiba, Japan.
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20
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Tomizawa M, Toyama Y, Ito C, Toshimori K, Iwase K, Takiguchi M, Saisho H, Yokosuka O. Hepatoblast-like cells enriched from mouse embryonic stem cells in medium without glucose, pyruvate, arginine, and tyrosine. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 333:17-27. [PMID: 18478268 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to enrich hepatocytes differentiated from embryonic stem cells, we developed a novel medium. Since only hepatocytes have the activity of ornithine transcarbamylase, phenylalanine hydroxylase, galactokinase, and glycerol kinase, we expected that hepatocytes would be enriched in a medium without arginine, tyrosine, glucose, and pyruvate, but supplemented with ornithine, phenylanaline, galactose, and glycerol (hepatocyte-selection medium, HSM). Embryoid bodies were transferred onto dishes coated with gelatin in HSM after 4 days of culture. At 18 days after embryoid body formation, a single type of polygonal cell survived with an enlarged intercellular space and micorvilli. These cells were positive for indocyanine green uptake and for mRNAs of albumin, transthyretin, and alpha-feto protein, but negative for mRNAs of tyrosine aminotransferase, alpha1-antitrypsin, glucose-6-phosphatase, and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase. Since cells in HSM were positive for cytokeratin (CK)8 and CK18 (hepatocyte markers) and for CK19 (a marker of bile duct epithelial cells), we concluded that they were hepatoblasts. They showed weaker expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)alpha than fetal liver (18.5 days of gestation) and expression of C/EBPbeta at a similar level to that of fetal liver. These data support our conclusion that HSM allows the selection of hepatoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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