1
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Sakai Y, Shimizu T, Tsunekawa M, Hisamoto N, Matsumoto K. Rhotekin regulates axon regeneration through the talin-Vinculin-Vinexin axis in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011089. [PMID: 38150455 PMCID: PMC10752531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration requires actomyosin interaction, which generates contractile force and pulls the regenerating axon forward. In Caenorhabditis elegans, TLN-1/talin promotes axon regeneration through multiple down-stream events. One is the activation of the PAT-3/integrin-RHO-1/RhoA GTPase-LET-502/ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase)-regulatory non-muscle myosin light-chain (MLC) phosphorylation signaling pathway, which is dependent on the MLC scaffolding protein ALP-1/ALP-Enigma. The other is mediated by the F-actin-binding protein DEB-1/vinculin and is independent of the MLC phosphorylation pathway. In this study, we identified the svh-7/rtkn-1 gene, encoding a homolog of the RhoA-binding protein Rhotekin, as a regulator of axon regeneration in motor neurons. However, we found that RTKN-1 does not function in the RhoA-ROCK-MLC phosphorylation pathway in the regulation of axon regeneration. We show that RTKN-1 interacts with ALP-1 and the vinculin-binding protein SORB-1/vinexin, and that SORB-1 acts with DEB-1 to promote axon regeneration. Thus, RTKN-1 links the DEB-1-SORB-1 complex to ALP-1 and physically connects phosphorylated MLC on ALP-1 to the actin cytoskeleton. These results suggest that TLN-1 signaling pathways coordinate MLC phosphorylation and recruitment of phosphorylated MLC to the actin cytoskeleton during axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Sakai
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shimizu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayuka Tsunekawa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Hisamoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Matsumoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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2
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Advances in the previous two decades in our understanding of the post-translational modifications, functions, and drug perspectives of ArgBP2 and its family members. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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3
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Hino N, Ichikawa T, Kimura Y, Matsuda M, Ueda K, Kioka N. An amphipathic helix of vinexin α is necessary for a substrate stiffness-dependent conformational change in vinculin. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.217349. [PMID: 30578314 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness regulates various cell behaviors, including cell differentiation, proliferation and migration. Vinculin and vinexin α (an isoform encoded by the SORBS3 gene), both of which localize to focal adhesions, cooperatively function as mechanosensors of ECM stiffness. On a rigid ECM, vinexin α interacts with vinculin and induces a conformational change in vinculin to give an 'open' form, which promotes nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP, also known as YAP1) and transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ, also known as WWTR1) (hereafter YAP/TAZ). However, the detailed mechanism by which vinexin α induces the conformational change in vinculin has not been revealed. Here, we identify an amphipathic helix named H2 as a novel vinculin-binding site in vinexin α. The H2 helix interacts with the vinculin D1b subdomain and promotes the formation of a talin-vinculin-vinexin α ternary complex. Mutations in the H2 region not only impair the ability of vinexin α to induce the ECM stiffness-dependent conformational change in vinculin but also to promote nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ on rigid ECM. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the H2 helix in vinexin α plays a critical role in ECM stiffness-dependent regulation of vinculin and cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ichikawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan .,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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4
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Loveless T, Qadota H, Benian GM, Hardin J. Caenorhabditis elegans SORB-1 localizes to integrin adhesion sites and is required for organization of sarcomeres and mitochondria in myocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3621-3633. [PMID: 28978740 PMCID: PMC5706990 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified and characterized sorb-1, the only sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein family member in Caenorhabditis elegans SORB-1 is strongly localized to integrin adhesion complexes in larvae and adults, including adhesion plaques and dense bodies (Z-disks) of striated muscles and attachment plaques of smooth muscles. SORB-1 is recruited to the actin-binding, membrane-distal regions of dense bodies via its C-terminal SH3 domains in an ATN-1(α-actinin)- and ALP-1(ALP/Enigma)-dependent manner, where it contributes to the organization of sarcomeres. SORB-1 is also found in other tissues known to be under mechanical stress, including stress fibers in migratory distal tip cells and the proximal gonad sheath, where it becomes enriched in response to tissue distention. We provide evidence for a novel role for sorbin family proteins: SORB-1 is required for normal positioning of the mitochondrial network in muscle cells. Finally, we demonstrate that SORB-1 interacts directly with two other dense body components, DEB-1(vinculin) and ZYX-1(zyxin). This work establishes SORB-1 as a bona fide sorbin family protein-one of the late additions to the dense body complex and a conserved regulator of body wall muscle sarcomere organization and organelle positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Loveless
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Hiroshi Qadota
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Guy M Benian
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jeff Hardin
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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5
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Ichikawa T, Kita M, Matsui TS, Nagasato AI, Araki T, Chiang SH, Sezaki T, Kimura Y, Ueda K, Deguchi S, Saltiel AR, Kioka N. Vinexin family (SORBS) proteins play different roles in stiffness-sensing and contractile force generation. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3517-3531. [PMID: 28864765 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.200691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinexin, c-Cbl associated protein (CAP) and Arg-binding protein 2 (ArgBP2) constitute an adaptor protein family called the vinexin (SORBS) family that is targeted to focal adhesions (FAs). Although numerous studies have focused on each of the SORBS proteins and partially elucidated their involvement in mechanotransduction, a comparative analysis of their function has not been well addressed. Here, we established mouse embryonic fibroblasts that individually expressed SORBS proteins and analysed their functions in an identical cell context. Both vinexin-α and CAP co-localized with vinculin at FAs and promoted the appearance of vinculin-rich FAs, whereas ArgBP2 co-localized with α-actinin at the proximal end of FAs and punctate structures on actin stress fibers (SFs), and induced paxillin-rich FAs. Furthermore, both vinexin-α and CAP contributed to extracellular matrix stiffness-dependent vinculin behaviors, while ArgBP2 stabilized α-actinin on SFs and enhanced intracellular contractile forces. These results demonstrate the differential roles of SORBS proteins in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ichikawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kita
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsubasa S Matsui
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ichikawa Nagasato
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Araki
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shian-Huey Chiang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Takuhito Sezaki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Deguchi
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan .,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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6
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Omachi T, Ichikawa T, Kimura Y, Ueda K, Kioka N. Vinculin association with actin cytoskeleton is necessary for stiffness-dependent regulation of vinculin behavior. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175324. [PMID: 28388663 PMCID: PMC5384775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major regulator of cell behavior. Recent studies have indicated the importance of the physical properties of the ECM, including its stiffness, for cell migration and differentiation. Using actomyosin-generated forces, cells pull the ECM and sense stiffness via cell-ECM adhesion structures called focal adhesions (FAs). Vinculin, an actin-binding FA protein, has emerged as a major player in FA-mediated mechanotransduction. Although vinculin is important for sensing ECM stiffness, the role of vinculin binding to actin in the ECM stiffness-mediated regulation of vinculin behavior remains unknown. Here, we show that an actin binding-deficient mutation disrupts the ECM stiffness-dependent regulation of CSB (cytoskeleton stabilization buffer) resistance and the stable localization of vinculin. These results suggest that the vinculin-actin interaction participates in FA-mediated mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Omachi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ichikawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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7
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Nagasato AI, Yamashita H, Matsuo M, Ueda K, Kioka N. The distribution of vinculin to lipid rafts plays an important role in sensing stiffness of extracellular matrix. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1136-1147. [PMID: 28485208 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1289074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness regulates cell differentiation, survival, and migration. Our previous study has shown that the interaction of the focal adhesion protein vinculin with vinexin α plays a critical role in sensing ECM stiffness and regulating stiffness-dependent cell migration. However, the mechanism how vinculin-vinexin α interaction affects stiffness-dependent cell migration is unclear. Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains that are known to affect ECM-induced signals and cell behaviors. Here, we show that vinculin and vinexin α can localize to lipid rafts. Cell-ECM adhesion, intracellular tension, and a rigid ECM promote vinculin distribution to lipid rafts. The disruption of lipid rafts with Methyl-β-cyclodextrin impaired the ECM stiffness-mediated regulation of vinculin behavior and rapid cell migration on rigid ECM. These results indicate that lipid rafts play an important role in ECM-stiffness regulation of cell migration via vinculin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Ichikawa Nagasato
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Michinori Matsuo
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.,b Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- a Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.,b Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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8
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Chang YW, Huang YS. Arsenite-activated JNK signaling enhances CPEB4-Vinexin interaction to facilitate stress granule assembly and cell survival. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107961. [PMID: 25237887 PMCID: PMC4169592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are compartmentalized messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) where translationally repressed mRNAs are stored when cells encounter environmental stress. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein (CPEB)4 is a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein and translational regulator. In keeping with the results obtained from the study of other RNA-binding proteins, we found CPEB4 localized in SGs in various arsenite-treated cells. In this study, we identified that Vinexin, a CPEB4-interacting protein, is a novel component of SGs. Vinexin is a SH3-domain-containing adaptor protein and affects cell migration through its association with Vinculin to localize at focal adhesions (FAs). Unexpectedly, Vinexin is translocated from FAs to SGs under arsenite-induced stress. The recruitment of Vinexin to SGs depends on its interaction with CPEB4 and influences SG formation and cell survival. Arsenite-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling enhances the association between CPEB4 and Vinexin, which consequently facilitates SG localization of Vinexin. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel interaction between a translational regulator and an adaptor protein to influence SG assembly and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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9
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Hagiwara M, Kokubu E, Sugiura S, Komatsu T, Tada H, Isoda R, Tanigawa N, Kato Y, Ishida N, Kobayashi K, Nakashima M, Ishihara K, Matsushita K. Vinculin and Rab5 complex is required [correction of requited]for uptake of Staphylococcus aureus and interleukin-6 expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87373. [PMID: 24466349 PMCID: PMC3900708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinculin, a 116-kDa membrane cytoskeletal protein, is an important molecule for cell adhesion; however, little is known about its other cellular functions. Here, we demonstrated that vinculin binds to Rab5 and is required for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) uptake in cells. Viunculin directly bound to Rab5 and enhanced the activation of S. aureus uptake. Over-expression of active vinculin mutants enhanced S. aureus uptake, whereas over-expression of an inactive vinculin mutant decreased S. aureus uptake. Vinculin bound to Rab5 at the N-terminal region (1-258) of vinculin. Vinculin and Rab5 were involved in the S. aureus-induced phosphorylation of MAP kinases (p38, Erk, and JNK) and IL-6 expression. Finally, vinculin and Rab5 knockdown reduced infection of S. aureus, phosphorylation of MAPKs and IL-6 expression in murine lungs. Our results suggest that vinculin binds to Rab5 and that these two molecules cooperatively enhance bacterial infection and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hagiwara
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eitoyo Kokubu
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sugiura
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshinori Komatsu
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tada
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Isoda
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naomi Tanigawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kato
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ishida
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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10
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Yamashita H, Ichikawa T, Matsuyama D, Kimura Y, Ueda K, Craig SW, Harada I, Kioka N. Interaction of the vinculin proline-rich linker region with vinexin α in sensing extracellular matrix stiffness. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1875-86. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.133645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is an important factor of the extracellular microenvironment and is known to direct the lineage specification of stem cells and affect cancer progression, the molecular mechanisms that sense ECM stiffness have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we show that the proline-rich linker (PRL) region of vinculin and the PRL region-binding protein vinexin are involved in sensing stiffness of ECM substrates. A rigid substrate increases cytoskeleton-associated vinculin, and the fraction of vinculin stably localizing at focal adhesions (FAs) is larger on rigid ECM than on soft ECM. Mutations in the PRL region or the depletion of vinexin expression impair these regulations. Furthermore, vinexin depletion impaired the stiffness-dependent regulation of cell migration. These results suggest that the interaction of the PRL region of vinculin with vinexin α plays a critical role in sensing ECM stiffness and mechanotransduction.
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11
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Leerberg JM, Yap AS. Vinculin, cadherin mechanotransduction and homeostasis of cell-cell junctions. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:817-829. [PMID: 23274283 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion junctions characteristically arise from the cooperative integration of adhesion receptors, cell signalling pathways and the cytoskeleton. This is exemplified by cell-cell interactions mediated by classical cadherin adhesion receptors. These junctions are sites where cadherin adhesion systems functionally couple to the dynamic actin cytoskeleton, a process that entails physical interactions with many actin regulators and regulation by cell signalling pathways. Such integration implies a potential role for molecules that may stand at the interface between adhesion, signalling and the cytoskeleton. One such candidate is the cortical scaffolding protein, vinculin, which is a component of both cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. While its contribution to integrin-based adhesions has been extensively studied, less is known about how vinculin contributes to cell-cell adhesions. A major recent advance has come with the realisation that cadherin adhesions are active mechanical structures, where cadherin serves as part of a mechanotransduction pathway by which junctions sense and elicit cellular responses to mechanical stimuli. Vinculin has emerged as an important element in cadherin mechanotransduction, a perspective that illuminates its role in cell-cell interactions. We now review its role as a cortical scaffold and its role in cadherin mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Leerberg
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Franková J, Pivodová V, Růžička F, Tománková K, Šafářová K, Vrbková J, Ulrichová J. Comparing biocompatibility of gingival fibroblasts and bacterial strains on a different modified titanium discs. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2915-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Franková
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacký University Olomouc; Olomouc; Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pivodová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacký University Olomouc; Olomouc; Czech Republic
| | - Filip Růžička
- Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital; Brno; Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Tománková
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Institute of Translation Medicine; Palacký University Olomouc; Olomouc; Czech Republic
| | - Klára Šafářová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials; Faculty of Science; Palacký University Olomouc; Olomouc; Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vrbková
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics; Faculty of Science; Palacký University Olomouc; Olomouc; Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Ulrichová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacký University Olomouc; Olomouc; Czech Republic
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13
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Bharadwaj R, Roy M, Ohyama T, Sivan-Loukianova E, Delannoy M, Lloyd TE, Zlatic M, Eberl DF, Kolodkin AL. Cbl-associated protein regulates assembly and function of two tension-sensing structures in Drosophila. Development 2013; 140:627-38. [PMID: 23293294 DOI: 10.1242/dev.085100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cbl-associated protein (CAP) localizes to focal adhesions and associates with numerous cytoskeletal proteins; however, its physiological roles remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila CAP regulates the organization of two actin-rich structures in Drosophila: muscle attachment sites (MASs), which connect somatic muscles to the body wall; and scolopale cells, which form an integral component of the fly chordotonal organs and mediate mechanosensation. Drosophila CAP mutants exhibit aberrant junctional invaginations and perturbation of the cytoskeletal organization at the MAS. CAP depletion also results in collapse of scolopale cells within chordotonal organs, leading to deficits in larval vibration sensation and adult hearing. We investigate the roles of different CAP protein domains in its recruitment to, and function at, various muscle subcellular compartments. Depletion of the CAP-interacting protein Vinculin results in a marked reduction in CAP levels at MASs, and vinculin mutants partially phenocopy Drosophila CAP mutants. These results show that CAP regulates junctional membrane and cytoskeletal organization at the membrane-cytoskeletal interface of stretch-sensitive structures, and they implicate integrin signaling through a CAP/Vinculin protein complex in stretch-sensitive organ assembly and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Bharadwaj
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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OSTEOBLAST AND GINGIVAL FIBROBLAST MARKERS IN DENTAL IMPLANT STUDIES. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2011; 155:109-16. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2011.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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15
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Kuo JC, Han X, Hsiao CT, Yates JR, Waterman CM. Analysis of the myosin-II-responsive focal adhesion proteome reveals a role for β-Pix in negative regulation of focal adhesion maturation. Nat Cell Biol 2011; 13:383-93. [PMID: 21423176 PMCID: PMC3279191 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions undergo myosin-II-mediated maturation wherein they grow and change composition to modulate integrin signalling for cell migration, growth and differentiation. To determine how focal adhesion composition is affected by myosin II activity, we performed proteomic analysis of isolated focal adhesions and compared protein abundance in focal adhesions from cells with and without myosin II inhibition. We identified 905 focal adhesion proteins, 459 of which changed in abundance with myosin II inhibition, defining the myosin-II-responsive focal adhesion proteome. The abundance of 73% of the proteins in the myosin-II-responsive focal adhesion proteome was enhanced by contractility, including proteins involved in Rho-mediated focal adhesion maturation and endocytosis- and calpain-dependent focal adhesion disassembly. During myosin II inhibition, 27% of proteins in the myosin-II-responsive focal adhesion proteome, including proteins involved in Rac-mediated lamellipodial protrusion, were enriched in focal adhesions, establishing that focal adhesion protein recruitment is also negatively regulated by contractility. We focused on the Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor β-Pix, documenting its role in the negative regulation of focal adhesion maturation and the promotion of lamellipodial protrusion and focal adhesion turnover to drive cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xuemei Han
- Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla CA 92037
| | - Cheng-Te Hsiao
- Proteomics and Analytical Biochemistry Unit, Research Resources Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - John R. Yates
- Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla CA 92037
| | - Clare M. Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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16
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New insights into vinculin function and regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 287:191-231. [PMID: 21414589 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386043-9.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin is a cytoplasmic actin-binding protein enriched in focal adhesions and adherens junctions that is essential for embryonic development. Much is now known regarding the role of vinculin in governing cell-matrix adhesion. In the past decade that the crystal structure of vinculin and the molecular details for how vinculin regulates adhesion events have emerged. The recent data suggests a critical function for vinculin in regulating integrin clustering, force generation, and strength of adhesion. In addition to an important role in cell-matrix adhesion, vinculin is also emerging as a regulator of apoptosis, Shigella entry into host cells, and cadherin-based cell-cell adhesion. A close inspection of this work reveals that there are similarities between vinculin's role in focal adhesions and these processes and also some intriguing differences.
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Yamashita H, Ueda K, Kioka N. WAVE2 forms a complex with PKA and is involved in PKA enhancement of membrane protrusions. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:3907-14. [PMID: 21119216 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.145409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PKA contributes to many physiological processes, including glucose homeostasis and cell migration. The substrate specificity of PKA is low compared with other kinases; thus, complex formation with A-kinase-anchoring proteins is important for the localization of PKA in specific subcellular regions and the phosphorylation of specific substrates. Here, we show that PKA forms a complex with WAVE2 (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous protein 2) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and mouse brain extracts. Two separate regions of WAVE2 are involved in WAVE2-PKA complex formation. This complex localizes to the leading edge of MDA-MB-231 cells. PKA activation results in enlargement of the membrane protrusion. WAVE2 depletion impairs PKA localization at membrane protrusions and the enlargement of membrane protrusion induced by PKA activation. Together, these results suggest that WAVE2 works as an A-kinase-anchoring protein that recruits PKA at membrane protrusions and plays a role in the enlargement of membrane protrusions induced by PKA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamashita
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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18
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Carisey A, Ballestrem C. Vinculin, an adapter protein in control of cell adhesion signalling. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 90:157-63. [PMID: 20655620 PMCID: PMC3526775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinculin, discovered in 1979 (Geiger, 1979), is an adapter protein with binding sites for more than 15 proteins. Biochemical and structural analyses have contributed to detailed knowledge about potential binding partners and the understanding of how their binding may be regulated. Despite all this information the molecular basis of how vinculin acts in cells and controls a wide variety of signals remains elusive. This review aims to highlight recent discoveries with an emphasis on how vinculin is involved in the coordination of a network of signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Carisey
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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19
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Kioka N, Ito T, Yamashita H, Uekawa N, Umemoto T, Motoyoshi S, Imai H, Takahashi K, Watanabe H, Yamada M, Ueda K. Crucial role of vinexin for keratinocyte migration in vitro and epidermal wound healing in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:1728-38. [PMID: 20361963 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the process of tissue injury and repair, epithelial cells rapidly migrate and form epithelial sheets. Vinexin is a cytoplasmic molecule of the integrin-containing cell adhesion complex localized at focal contacts in vitro. Here, we investigated the roles of vinexin in keratinocyte migration in vitro and wound healing in vivo. Vinexin knockdown using siRNA delayed migration of both HaCaT human keratinocytes and A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells in scratch assay but did not affect cell proliferation. Induction of cell migration by scratching the confluent monolayer culture of these cells activated both EGFR and ERK, and their inhibitors AG1478 and U0126 substantially suppressed scratch-induced keratinocyte migration. Vinexin knockdown in these cells inhibited the scratch-induced activation of EGFR, but not that of ERK, suggesting that vinexin promotes cell migration via activation of EGFR. We further generated vinexin (-/-) mice and isolated their keratinocytes. They similarly showed slow migration in scratch assay. Furthermore, vinexin (-/-) mice exhibited a delay in cutaneous wound healing in both the back skin and tail without affecting the proliferation of keratinocytes. Together, these results strongly suggest a crucial role of vinexin in keratinocyte migration in vitro and cutaneous wound healing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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20
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Fernow I, Tomasovic A, Siehoff-Icking A, Tikkanen R. Cbl-associated protein is tyrosine phosphorylated by c-Abl and c-Src kinases. BMC Cell Biol 2009; 10:80. [PMID: 19891780 PMCID: PMC2777869 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-10-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The c-Cbl-associated protein (CAP), also known as ponsin, localizes to focal adhesions and stress fibers and is involved in signaling events. Phosphorylation has been described for the other two members of the sorbin homology family, vinexin and ArgBP2, but no data exist about the putative phosphorylation of CAP. According to previous findings, CAP binds to tyrosine kinase c-Abl. However, it is not known if CAP is a substrate of c-Abl or other tyrosine kinases or if phosphorylation regulates its localization. Results We here show that CAP is Tyr phosphorylated by and interacts with both c-Abl and c-Src. One major phosphorylation site, Tyr360, and two minor contributors Tyr326 and Tyr632 were identified as Abl phosphorylation sites, whereas Src preferentially phosphorylates Tyr326 and Tyr360. Phosphorylation of CAP was not necessary for its localization to focal adhesions and stress fibers, but Tyr326Phe substitution alters the function of CAP during cell spreading. Conclusion This is the first demonstration of phosphorylation of CAP by any kinase. Our findings suggest that coordinated action of Src and Abl might regulate the function of CAP and reveal a functional role especially for the Src-mediated Tyr phosphorylation of CAP in cell spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Fernow
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Tyrosine phosphorylation of vinexin in v-Src-transformed cells attenuates the affinity for vinculin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 387:191-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Umemoto T, Inomoto T, Ueda K, Hamaguchi M, Kioka N. v-Src-mediated transformation suppresses the expression of focal adhesion protein vinexin. Cancer Lett 2009; 279:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Mizutani K, Ito H, Iwamoto I, Morishita R, Deguchi T, Nozawa Y, Asano T, Nagata KI. Essential roles of ERK-mediated phosphorylation of vinexin in cell spreading, migration and anchorage-independent growth. Oncogene 2007; 26:7122-31. [PMID: 17486060 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vinexin is an adaptor protein supposed to play pivotal roles in various cellular events such as cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, signaling and gene expression. Despite the possible importance, physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of vinexin are largely unknown. In addition, although vinexin was reported to be phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), physiological significance of the phosphorylation remains to be elucidated. Here we carried out characterization of endogenous vinexin and found that it was enriched at the leading edge of migrating cells and focal adhesions of spread cells. In the analyses using ERK-phosphorylated vinexin-specific antibody, the phosphorylation signal was also detected at the leading edges of migrating cells and at cell periphery of spreading cells, whereas only faint signal was observed at focal adhesions of well-spread cells. We then established LNCaP cell lines stably expressing GFP-fused vinexinbeta or two mutants at Ser189 that mimic the ERK-phosphorylated or -unphosphorylated vinexin beta. Based on the analyses using the lines, the phosphorylation was likely to inhibit the cell spreading and migration. On the other hand, anchorage-independent cell growth was inhibited by unphosphorylated vinexinbeta. Taken together, ERK-mediated phosphorylation of vinexinbeta is strongly suggested to occur in a spatio-temporally regulated manner and play important roles in cell spreading, migration and anchorage-independent growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mizutani
- Department of Urology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
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24
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Zhang J, Li X, Yao B, Shen W, Sun H, Xu C, Wu J, Shi Y. Solution structure of the first SH3 domain of human vinexin and its interaction with vinculin peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 357:931-7. [PMID: 17467669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Solution structure of the first Src homology (SH) 3 domain of human vinexin (V_SH3_1) was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method and revealed that it was a canonical SH3 domain, which has a typical beta-beta-beta-beta-alpha-beta fold. Using chemical shift perturbation and surface plasmon resonance experiments, we studied the binding properties of the SH3 domain with two different peptides from vinculin hinge regions: P856 and P868. The observations illustrated slightly different affinities of the two peptides binding to V_SH3_1. The interaction between P868 and V_SH3_1 belonged to intermediate exchange with a modest binding affinity, while the interaction between P856 and V_SH3_1 had a low binding affinity. The structure and ligand-binding interface of V_SH3_1 provide a structural basis for the further functional study of this important molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahai Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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25
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Mitsushima M, Ueda K, Kioka N. Involvement of phosphatases in the anchorage-dependent regulation of ERK2 activation. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:1830-8. [PMID: 17418118 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is known to be regulated by cell adhesion, namely "anchorage dependence". Most studies on the anchorage-dependent regulation have focused on the upstream activating components. We previously reported that the focal adhesion protein vinexin beta can induce the anchorage-independent activation of ERK2. We show here that vinexin beta-induced anchorage-independent activation of ERK2 involves prevention of the dephosphorylation of ERK2, but not the promotion of MEK1 or Raf1 activity. Furthermore, knockdown of vinexin beta resulted in a faster dephosphorylation of ERK2 in A549 cells. Moreover, the coexpression of MKP3/rVH6, an ERK2 specific phosphatase, suppressed the anchorage-independent activation of ERK2 induced by vinexin beta. These results suggest that vinexin beta can prevent the dephosphorylation of ERK2 stimulated by cell detachment, leading to the anchorage-independent activation of ERK2. Furthermore, we found that phosphatase activity directed against activated ERK2 was higher in suspended cells than in adherent cells. In addition, orthovanadate efficiently induces anchorage-independent activation of ERK2 without marked activation of MEK1 in NIH3T3 cells. These observations suggest that the anchorage dependence of ERK1/2 activation is regulated not only by upstream kinases, Raf1 and MEK, but also by phosphatases acting against ERK1/2 and that vinexin beta can induce anchorage-independent activation of ERK by preventing the inactivation of ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Mitsushima
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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26
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Ito H, Usuda N, Atsuzawa K, Iwamoto I, Sudo K, Katoh-Semba R, Mizutani K, Morishita R, Deguchi T, Nozawa Y, Asano T, Nagata KI. Phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated kinase of a multidomain adaptor protein, vinexin, at synapses. J Neurochem 2007; 100:545-54. [PMID: 17241162 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vinexin is an adaptor protein that is supposed to play pivotal roles in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization and signaling. At least three splice variants, vinexinalpha, beta and gamma, have so far been reported. In spite of the possible importance of vinexin, the properties and functions of vinexin in neuronal cells are almost unknown. Here we show that vinexin isoforms are expressed in rat brain in a developmental stage-dependent manner, and that vinexinalpha is relatively abundant in the telencephalon regions of the adult rat brain. An immunohistochemical study showed the localization of vinexinalpha in neurons and glia in the rat brain. In primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons, vinexin was found to be present at synapses and filopodia in growth cones by immunofluorescent analyses. Biochemical fractionation revealed the distribution of vinexin in synaptosomes. Nerve terminal localization of vinexin was confirmed by electron microscopy. Vinexinbeta is reported to be phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) at Ser189, which is equivalent to Ser593 of vinexinalpha. We thus constructed a site- and phosphorylation state-specific antibody to monitor the ERK-mediated phosphorylation of vinexin. In immunofluorescent analyses, the phosphorylation was observed at synapses formed among cultured rat hippocampal neurons and it was reduced by treatment of the cells with PD98059. In an immunoelectron microscopic examination, the phosphorylation signal was mainly detected on the postsynaptic side of synapses in the rat hippocampal neurons. As active ERK was co-localized with vinexin in synapses, the ERK signal is likely to be involved in the regulation of vinexin-dependent cellular processes in synapses. On the other hand, the phosphorylation was hardly detected in neurons cultured for 3 days, suggesting the presence of a yet unidentified regulatory mechanism of vinexin at the growth cone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Ito
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, japan
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Chen H, Choudhury DM, Craig SW. Coincidence of actin filaments and talin is required to activate vinculin. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:40389-98. [PMID: 17074767 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607324200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin regulates cell adhesion by strengthening contacts between extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Binding of the integrin ligand, talin, to the head domain of vinculin and F-actin to its tail domain is a potential mechanism for this function, but vinculin is autoinhibited by intramolecular interactions between its head and tail domain and must be activated to bind talin and actin. Because autoinhibition of vinculin occurs by synergism between two head and tail interfaces, one hypothesis is that activation could occur by two ligands that coordinately disrupt both interfaces. To test this idea we use a fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe that reports directly on activation of vinculin. Neither talin rod, VBS3 (a talin peptide that mimics a postulated activated state of talin), nor F-actin alone can activate vinculin. But in the presence of F-actin either talin rod or VBS3 induces dose-dependent activation of vinculin. The activation data are supported by solution phase binding studies, which show that talin rod or VBS3 fails to bind vinculin, whereas the same two ligands bind tightly to vinculin head domain (K(d) approximately 100 nM). These data strongly support a combinatorial mechanism of vinculin activation; moreover, they are inconsistent with a model in which talin or activated talin is sufficient to activate vinculin. Combinatorial activation implies that at cell adhesion sites vinculin is a coincidence detector awaiting simultaneous signals from talin and actin polymerization to unleash its scaffolding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Mitsushima M, Ueda K, Kioka N. Vinexin β regulates the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor on the cell surface. Genes Cells 2006; 11:971-82. [PMID: 16923119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2006.00995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulates various cellular events, including proliferation, differentiation, migration and oncogenesis. In this study, we found that exogenous expression of vinexin beta enhanced the phosphorylation of 180-kDa proteins in an EGF-dependent manner in Cos-7 cells. Western blot analysis using phospho-specific antibodies against EGFR identified EGFR as a phosphorylated 180-kDa protein. Vinexin beta did not stimulate the phosphorylation of EGFR but suppressed the dephosphorylation, resulting in a sustained phosphorylation. Mutational analyses revealed that both the first and third SH3 domains were required for a sustained phosphorylation of EGFR. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of vinexin beta reduced the phosphorylation of EGFR on the cell surface in HeLa cells. The sustained phosphorylation of EGFR induced by vinexin beta was completely abolished by adding the EGFR-specific inhibitor AG1478 even after EGF stimulation, suggesting that the kinase activity of EGFR is required for the sustained phosphorylation induced by vinexin beta. We also found that E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl is a binding partner of vinexin beta through the third SH3 domain. Expression of wild-type vinexin beta but not a mutant containing a mutation in the third SH3 domain decreased the cytosolic pool of c-Cbl and increased the amount of membrane-associated c-Cbl. Furthermore, over-expression of c-Cbl suppressed the sustained phosphorylation of EGFR induced by vinexin beta. These results suggest that vinexin beta plays a role in maintaining the phosphorylation of EGFR on the plasma membrane through the regulation of c-Cbl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Mitsushima
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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29
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Ziegler WH, Liddington RC, Critchley DR. The structure and regulation of vinculin. Trends Cell Biol 2006; 16:453-60. [PMID: 16893648 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 06/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin is a ubiquitously expressed actin-binding protein frequently used as a marker for both cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (focal adhesion) adherens-type junctions, but its function has remained elusive. Vinculin is made up of a globular head linked to a tail domain by a short proline-rich sequence, and an intramolecular interaction between the head and tail masks the numerous ligand-binding sites in the protein. Determination of the crystal structure of vinculin has shed new light on the way that these ligand-binding sites are regulated. The picture that emerges is one in which vinculin stabilizes focal adhesions and thereby suppresses cell migration, an effect that is relieved by transient changes in the local concentrations of inositol phospholipids. However, the finding that vinculin modulates the signalling pathways involved in apoptosis suggests that additional roles for vinculin remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Ziegler
- IZKF Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Mitsushima M, Takahashi H, Shishido T, Ueda K, Kioka N. Abl kinase interacts with and phosphorylates vinexin. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:4288-95. [PMID: 16831423 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase Abl is a well known regulator of the actin-cytoskeleton, including the formation of stress fibers and membrane ruffles. Vinexin is an adapter protein consisting of three SH3 domains, and involved in signal transduction and the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton. In this study, we found that vinexin alpha as well as beta interacts with c-Abl mainly through the third SH3 domain, and that vinexin and c-Abl were colocalized at membrane ruffles in rat astrocytes. This interaction was reduced by latrunculin B, suggesting an F-actin-mediated regulatory mechanism. We also found that vinexin alpha but not beta was phosphorylated at tyrosine residue when c-Abl or v-Abl was co-expressed. A mutational analysis identified tyrosine 127 on vinexin alpha as a major site of phosphorylation by c- or v-Abl. These results suggest that vinexin alpha is a novel substrate for Abl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Mitsushima
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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31
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Abstract
We identified 1113 articles (103 reviews, 1010 primary research articles) published in 2005 that describe experiments performed using commercially available optical biosensors. While this number of publications is impressive, we find that the quality of the biosensor work in these articles is often pretty poor. It is a little disappointing that there appears to be only a small set of researchers who know how to properly perform, analyze, and present biosensor data. To help focus the field, we spotlight work published by 10 research groups that exemplify the quality of data one should expect to see from a biosensor experiment. Also, in an effort to raise awareness of the common problems in the biosensor field, we provide side-by-side examples of good and bad data sets from the 2005 literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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