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Kumari D, Mahajan S, Kour P, Singh K. Virulence factors of Leishmania parasite: Their paramount importance in unraveling novel vaccine candidates and therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2022; 306:120829. [PMID: 35872004 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease and remains a global concern for healthcare. It is caused by an opportunistic protozoan parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania and affects millions worldwide. This disease is mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and is associated with a high risk of public morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Transmission of this deadly disease is aggravated by the bite of female sand-fly vectors (Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia). With time, significant advancement in leishmaniasis-related research has been carried out to cope with the disease burden. Still, the Leishmania parasite has also co-evolved with its host and adapted successfully within the host's lethal milieu/environment. Thus, understanding and knowledge of various leishmanial virulence factors responsible for the parasitic infection are essential for exploring drug targets and vaccine candidates. The present review elucidates the importance of virulence factors in pathogenesis and summarizes the major leishmanial virulence molecules contributing to the parasitic infection during host-pathogen interaction. Furthermore, we have also elaborated on the potential contribution of leishmanial virulence proteins in developing vaccine candidates and exploring novel therapeutics against this parasitic disease. We aim to represent a clearer picture of parasite pathogenesis within the human host that can further aid in unraveling new strategies to fight against the deadly infection of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Kumari
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shavi Mahajan
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Parampreet Kour
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Gupta AK, Das S, Kamran M, Ejazi SA, Ali N. The Pathogenicity and Virulence of Leishmania - interplay of virulence factors with host defenses. Virulence 2022; 13:903-935. [PMID: 35531875 PMCID: PMC9154802 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2074130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. Infection by different species of Leishmania results in various host immune responses, which usually lead to parasite clearance and may also contribute to pathogenesis and, hence, increasing the complexity of the disease. Interestingly, the parasite tends to reside within the unfriendly environment of the macrophages and has evolved various survival strategies to evade or modulate host immune defense. This can be attributed to the array of virulence factors of the vicious parasite, which target important host functioning and machineries. This review encompasses a holistic overview of leishmanial virulence factors, their role in assisting parasite-mediated evasion of host defense weaponries, and modulating epigenetic landscapes of host immune regulatory genes. Furthermore, the review also discusses the diagnostic potential of various leishmanial virulence factors and the advent of immunomodulators as futuristic antileishmanial drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Gupta
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sonali Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Mohd Kamran
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad Ejazi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nahid Ali
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
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Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis unravels MAPK1 regulated phosphoproteins in Leishmania donovani. J Proteomics 2021; 240:104189. [PMID: 33757882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase1 (MAPK1) of Leishmania donovani functions as key regulators of various cellular activities, which seem to be imperative for parasite survival, infectivity, drug resistance and post-translational modification of chaperones/co-chaperones. However, very less is known about LdMAPK1 target proteins. With recent advancements in proteomics, we aimed to identify phosphoproteins which were differentially expressed in LdMAPK1 overexpressing (Dd8++/++) and single replacement mutants (Dd8+/) as compared to wild type (Dd8+/+) parasites, utilizing LC-MS/MS approach. An in-depth label-free phospoproteomic analysis revealed that modulation of LdMAPK1 expression significantly modulates expression levels of miscellaneous phosphoproteins which may act as its targets/substrates. Out of 1974 quantified phosphoproteins in parasite, 140 were significantly differentially expressed in MAPK1 overexpressing and single replacement mutants. These differentially expressed phosphoproteins are majorly associated with metabolism, signal transduction, replication, transcription, translation, transporters and cytoskeleton/motor proteins, hence suggested that MAPK1 may act in concert to modulate global biological processes. The study further implicated possible role of LdMAPK1 in regulation and management of stress machinery in parasite through post translational modifications. Precisely, comparative phosphoproteomics study has elucidated significant role of LdMAPK1 in regulating various pathways contributing in parasite biology with relevance to future drug development. SIGNIFICANCE: MAPKinase1, the downstream kinase of MAPK signal transduction pathway, has drawn much attention as potential therapeutic drug target due to their indispensable role in survival and infectivity of Leishmania donovani. However, limited information is available about its downstream effector proteins/signaling networks. Utilizing label free LC-MS/MS analysis, phosphoproteome of LdMAPK1 over-expressing (Dd8++/++) and LdMAPK1 single replacement mutants (Dd8+/-) with wild type (Dd8+/+) parasites was compared and identified 140 LdMAPK1 modulated phosphoproteins, mainly involved in pathways like signal transduction, metabolism, transcriptional, translational, post-translational modification and regulation of heat shock proteins. Interestingly, LdMAPK1 interacts directly with only six phosphoproteins i.e. casein kinase, casein kinase II, HSP83/HSP90, LACK, protein kinase and serine/threonine protein kinase. Thus, the study elucidates significant role of LdMAPK1 in Leishmania biology which may drive drug-discovery efforts against visceral leishmaniasis.
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Amiri-Dashatan N, Ahmadi N, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Koushki M. Identification of differential protein expression and putative drug target in metacyclic stage of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica: A quantitative proteomics and computational view. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 75:101617. [PMID: 33581562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious disease that commonly caused by Leishmania (L.) major and L.tropica. Recently there has been a growing interest in proteomics analysis on Leishmania for drug target discovery. Therefore, we aimed to distinguish proteins which might be characteristic for each of the species from those shared by both to the detection of drug targets, which may become helpful for designing new drugs for CL. To identify differences in protein profiles of L. major and L. tropica, we conducted a Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) analysis. Totally 67 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (fold change> 2 and p < 0.05) were identified between species. Of these, 42 and 25 proteins were up-regulated in L. major and L. tropica, respectively. Several enriched GO terms were identified via biological process of up-regulated proteins. Furthermore, the small molecule metabolic process and translation were detected as significant biological processes for up-regulated proteins in L. major, while translation was identified for L. tropica. Also, KEGG analysis has revealed glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and translation as the top pathways in the proteins up-regulated in L. major and L. tropica, respectively. Finally glycosomal malate dehydrogenase was identified as putative drug target using network and homology analyses. The DEPs between the species are essential in host-pathogen interactions and parasite survival in the macrophage. Furthermore, L. major and L. tropica possibly uses different pathogenicity mechanisms that leads to anthroponotic or zoonotic CL. Our results may help in the drug discovery and chemotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Amiri-Dashatan
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayebali Ahmadi
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Koushki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Leishmania eukaryotic elongation Factor-1 beta protein is immunogenic and induces parasitological protection in mice against Leishmania infantum infection. Microb Pathog 2021; 151:104745. [PMID: 33485994 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is hampered mainly by the toxicity and/or high cost of antileishmanial drugs. What is more, variability on sensitivity and/or specificity of diagnostic tests hinders effective disease management. In this context, prophylactic vaccination should be considered as a strategy to prevent disease. In the present study, immunogenicity of the Leishmania eukaryotic Elongation Factor-1 beta (EF1b) protein, classified as a Leishmania virulence factor, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo and tested, for the first time, as a vaccine candidate against Leishmania infantum infection. The antigen was administered as DNA vaccine or as recombinant protein (rEF1b) delivered in saponin. BALB/c mice immunization with a DNA plasmid and recombinant protein plus saponin induced development of specific Th1-type immunity, characterized by high levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, GM-CSF, both T cell subtypes and antileishmanial IgG2a isotype antibodies, before and after infection. This immunological response to the vaccines was corroborated further by parasitological analysis of the vaccinated and then challenged mice, which showed significant reductions in the parasite load in their liver, spleen, bone marrow and draining lymph nodes, when compared to the controls. Vaccination using rEF1b/saponin induced a more robust Th1 response and parasitological protection when compared to the DNA vaccine. Furthermore, in vitro analysis of lymphoproliferation, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in human PBMC cultures showed as well development of a specific Th1-type response. In conclusion, data suggest that EF1b could be a promising vaccine candidate to protect against L. infantum infection.
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Evaluation of Cysteine Protease C of Leishmania donovani in Comparison with Glycoprotein 63 and Elongation Factor 1α for Diagnosis of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis and for Posttreatment Follow-Up Response. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.00213-20. [PMID: 32848039 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00213-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a threat in many developing countries. Much effort has been put to eliminating this disease, for which serodiagnosis remains the mainstay for VL control programs. New and improved antigens as diagnostic candidates are required, though, as the available antigens fail to demonstrate equal optimum performance in all areas of endemicity. Moreover, these diagnoses are dependent on invasive serum sampling. In the current study, we cloned and expressed Leishmania donovani cysteine protease C (CPC) and evaluated its diagnostic and test-of-cure possibilities by detecting the antibody levels in human serum and urine through ELISA and immunoblot assays. Two immunodominant antigens, recombinant glycoprotein 63 (GP63) and elongation factor 1α (EF1α), identified earlier by our group, were also assessed by employing human serum and urine samples. Of these three antigens in ELISAs, CPC demonstrated the highest sensitivities of 98.15% and 96% positive testing in serum and urine of VL patients, respectively. Moreover, CPC yielded 100% specificity with serum and urine of nonendemic healthy controls compared to GP63 and EF1α. Urine samples were found to be more specific than serum for distinguishing endemic healthy controls and other diseases by means of all three antigens. In all cases, CPC gave the most promising results. Unlike serum, urine tests demonstrated a significant decrease in antibody levels for CPC, GP63, and EF1α after 6 months of treatment. The diagnostic and test-of-cure performances of CPC in the immunoblot assay were found to be better than those of GP63 and EF1α. In conclusion, CPC, followed by GP63 and EF1α, may be utilized as candidates for diagnosis of VL and to assess treatment response.
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Ballesteros N, Vásquez NM, Patiño LH, Cruz-Saavedra L, Ramírez JD. Minor temperature shifts do not affect chromosomal ploidy but cause transcriptomic changes in Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes in vitro. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e190413. [PMID: 32348407 PMCID: PMC7184772 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leishmaniases are complex neglected diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Leishmania braziliensis is the main etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. In recent studies, genomic changes such as chromosome and gene copy number variations (CNVs), as well as transcriptomic changes have been highlighted as mechanisms used by Leishmania species to adapt to stress situations. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the effect of short-term minor temperature shifts in the genomic and transcriptomic responses of L. braziliensis promastigotes in vitro. METHODS Growth curves, genome and transcriptome sequencing of L. braziliensis promastigotes were conducted from cultures exposed to three different temperatures (24ºC, 28ºC and 30ºC) compared with the control temperature (26ºC). FINDINGS Our results showed a decrease in L. braziliensis proliferation at 30ºC, with around 3% of the genes showing CNVs at each temperature, and transcriptomic changes in genes encoding amastin surface-like proteins, heat shock proteins and transport proteins, which may indicate a direct response to temperature stress. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that L. braziliensis promastigotes exhibit a decrease in cell density, and noticeable changes in the transcriptomic profiles. However, there were not perceptible changes at chromosome CNVs and only ~3% of the genes changed their copies in each treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Ballesteros
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nubia M Vásquez
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luz H Patiño
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lissa Cruz-Saavedra
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Bogotá, Colombia
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Santos TTO, Cardoso MS, Machado AS, Siqueira WF, Ramos FF, Oliveira-da-Silva JA, Tavares GSV, Lage DP, Costa LE, de Freitas CS, Martins VT, Bandeira RS, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Lyon S, Moreira RLF, de Magalhães-Soares DF, Silveira JAG, Tupinambás U, Caligiorne RB, Chaves AT, Rocha MOC, Fujiwara RT, Coelho EAF. Recombinant Leishmania eukaryotic elongation factor-1 beta protein: A potential diagnostic antigen to detect tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis in dogs and humans. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103783. [PMID: 31600536 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The laboratorial diagnosis of leishmaniasis is based on parasitological methods, which are invasive, present high cost, require laboratorial infrastructure and/or trained professionals; as well as by immunological methods, which usually present variable sensitivity and/or specificity, such as when they are applied to identify asymptomatic cases and/or mammalian hosts presenting low levels of antileishmanial antibodies. As consequence, new studies aiming to identify more refined antigens to diagnose visceral (VL) and tegumentary (TL) leishmaniasis are urgently necessary. In the present work, the Leishmania eukaryotic elongation factor-1 beta (EF1b) protein, which was identified in L. infantum protein extracts by antibodies in VL patients' sera, was cloned and its recombinant version (rEF1b) was expressed, purified and tested as a diagnostic marker for VL and TL. The post-therapeutic serological follow-up was also evaluated in treated and untreated VL and TL patients, when anti-rEF1b antibody levels were measured before and after treatment. Results showed that rEF1b was highly sensitive and specific to diagnose symptomatic and asymptomatic canine VL, as well as human TL and VL. In addition, low cross-reactivity was observed when sera from healthy subjects or leishmaniasis-related diseases patients were tested. The serological follow-up showed also that rEF1b-specific antibodies declined significantly after treatment, suggesting that this protein could be also evaluated as a prognostic marker for human leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís T O Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Cardoso
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda S Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Williane F Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João A Oliveira-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grasiele S V Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lourena E Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila S de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vívian T Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Bandeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel A Chávez-Fumagalli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandra Lyon
- Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Belo Horizonte, 30622-020, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L F Moreira
- Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Belo Horizonte, 30622-020, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle F de Magalhães-Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julia A G Silveira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Unaí Tupinambás
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rachel B Caligiorne
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte. Rua Domingos Vieira, 590, Santa Efigênia, 30150-240, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Thereza Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manoel O C Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Fujiwara
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30.130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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López-López K, Apodaca-Medina AI, León-Sicairos CR, Murúa-López CC, Ortiz-Navarrete VF, Chávez-Ontiveros J, Beltrán-López E, López-Moreno HS. Cloning and Recombinant Expression of Elongation Factor-1α of Leishmania mexicana. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:709-712. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenia López-López
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Annete I. Apodaca-Medina
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Claudia R. León-Sicairos
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Carolina C. Murúa-López
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Vianney F. Ortiz-Navarrete
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jeanett Chávez-Ontiveros
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Evangelina Beltrán-López
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Héctor S. López-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
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Immunoproteomic Identification and Characterization of Leishmania Membrane Proteins as Non-Invasive Diagnostic Candidates for Clinical Visceral Leishmaniasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12110. [PMID: 30108316 PMCID: PMC6092337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a potentially fatal disease is an outcome of infection caused by the parasite Leishmania donovani. The clinical diagnostic tests for this disease are still related to invasive tissue aspiration or serological immunochromatography. Advancements in immunoproteomics such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, B cell epitope prediction, and peptide synthesis have enabled researchers to discover newer biomarkers for disease diagnosis. In this study, we have screened several urine-reactive leishmanial membrane proteins as potential biomarker candidates. In the immunoblot assay, three proteins 51, 55 and 63 kDa showed 100% reactivity to the urine of 47 VL patients and nonreactive to 18 healthy and other diseases. Mass spectrometry revealed the identity of 51, 55 and 63 kDa proteins as elongation factor 1α (EF1-α), α-tubulin, and glycoprotein 63, respectively. B cell reactive epitopes of these proteins were mapped through bioinformatic tools and one epitope from each protein that had the highest score were synthesized. All the three native electroeluted proteins and their corresponding synthetic peptides were tested through ELISA for reactivity with VL and control urine samples. While all three demonstrated good reactivity, the diagnostic performance of EF1-α was the best. Our findings illustrate the use of urine-based proteomic approach for biomarker discovery in non-invasive clinical diagnosis of VL.
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Khadka B, Gupta RS. Identification of a conserved 8 aa insert in the PIP5K protein in the Saccharomycetaceae family of fungi and the molecular dynamics simulations and structural analysis to investigate its potential functional role. Proteins 2017; 85:1454-1467. [PMID: 28407364 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Homologs of the phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate-5-kinase (PIP5K), which controls a multitude of essential cellular functions, contain a 8 aa insert in a conserved region that is specific for the Saccharomycetaceae family of fungi. Using structures of human PIP4K proteins as templates, structural models were generated of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human PIP5K proteins. In the modeled S. cerevisiae PIP5K, the 8 aa insert forms a surface exposed loop, present on the same face of the protein as the activation loop of the kinase domain. Electrostatic potential analysis indicates that the residues from 8 aa conserved loop form a highly positively charged surface patch, which through electrostatic interaction with the anionic portions of phospholipid head groups, is expected to play a role in the membrane interaction of the yeast PIP5K. To unravel this prediction, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to examine the binding interaction of PIP5K, either containing or lacking the conserved signature insert, with two different membrane lipid bilayers. The results from MD studies provide insights concerning the mechanistic of interaction of PIP5K with lipid bilayer, and support the contention that the identified 8 aa conserved insert in fungal PIP5K plays an important role in the binding of this protein with membrane surface. Proteins 2017; 85:1454-1467. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijendra Khadka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5
| | - Radhey S Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 3Z5
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Piedra-Quintero ZL, Apodaca-Medina AI, Beltrán-López E, León-Sicairos CR, Chávez-Ontiveros J, Rendón-Maldonado JG, Ortiz-Navarrete VF, López-Moreno HS. Immunoproteomic Identification of p29 Antigen as the Elongation Factor-1α of Leishmania mexicana. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 15:449-52. [PMID: 26186518 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we identified five Leishmania mexicana antigens reacting with antibodies from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, designated on the basis of their molecular weights as p26 (pI 7.8), p27 (pI 8.1), p28 (pI 8.6), p29 (pI 8.5), and p31 (pI 9.0). Among these antigens, p29 was most strongly recognized by the antibodies. Thereafter, p29 was identified as elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) of Leishmania mexicana through mass spectrometry analysis and western blot using a commercial antibody that reacted with EF-1α from different species. Our results showed that the p29 antigen of Leishmania mexicana is EF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayda L Piedra-Quintero
- 1 Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, CA Biotecnología Biomédica, Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria , Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Annete I Apodaca-Medina
- 1 Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, CA Biotecnología Biomédica, Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria , Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Evangelina Beltrán-López
- 1 Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, CA Biotecnología Biomédica, Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria , Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Claudia R León-Sicairos
- 1 Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, CA Biotecnología Biomédica, Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria , Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Jeanett Chávez-Ontiveros
- 1 Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, CA Biotecnología Biomédica, Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria , Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - José G Rendón-Maldonado
- 1 Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, CA Biotecnología Biomédica, Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria , Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | | | - Héctor S López-Moreno
- 1 Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, CA Biotecnología Biomédica, Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria , Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
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Kushawaha PK, Gupta R, Sundar S, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Dube A. Elongation Factor-2, a Th1 Stimulatory Protein ofLeishmania donovani, Generates Strong IFN-γ and IL-12 Response in CuredLeishmania-Infected Patients/Hamsters and Protects Hamsters againstLeishmaniaChallenge. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:6417-27. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Brotherton MC, Racine G, Foucher AL, Drummelsmith J, Papadopoulou B, Ouellette M. Analysis of Stage-Specific Expression of Basic Proteins in Leishmania infantum. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:3842-53. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100048m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Brotherton
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHUL and Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Gina Racine
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHUL and Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Aude L. Foucher
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHUL and Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jolyne Drummelsmith
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHUL and Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Barbara Papadopoulou
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHUL and Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Ouellette
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du Centre de Recherche du CHUL and Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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