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Abdullah Y. An Overview of Current Biomarkers, the Therapeutic Implications, and the Emerging Role of hERG1 Expression in Gastric Cancer: A Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e47501. [PMID: 37877107 PMCID: PMC10591113 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world. It carries a high mortality rate, with cases being more prevalent in the developing world, and has been linked to diet and Helicobacter pylori infection. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, with most cases being of a sporadic nature. Most patients present at an advanced stage due to the asymptomatic nature of the early stages of the disease. A multidisciplinary approach is often best implemented to help decide how to best manage individual cases. However, the overall clinical outcome and survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer remain poor. Recent therapeutic advancements focus on the identification of molecular biomarkers associated with gastric cancer that have predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic implications. This enables the development of specific targeted therapies that have shown efficacy in numerous trials, either as monotherapy or in combination with standard chemotherapy. Despite this, tumour heterogeneity and treatment resistance are still issues leading to poor survival outcomes. An emerging approach is focusing efforts on the bidirectional crosstalk between tumour cells and the microenvironment through targeting ion channels. A key player in this is human ether-á-go-go-related gene 1 (hERG1). This voltage-gated potassium ion channel has been shown to have predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic significance, enabling the stratification of high-risk individuals. In addition, targeting hERG1 in combination with chemotherapy has been shown to potentiate tumour regression. This comprehensive literature review will aim to consolidate our understanding of current biomarkers in gastric cancer. The relevance of hERG1 in gastric cancer as a useful novel biomarker and the potential therapeutic implications as targeted therapy will be explored. This offers a new and personalised approach to helping to manage patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Abdullah
- Internal Medicine, Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, GBR
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2
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Oliveira RHM, Annex BH, Popel AS. Endothelial cells signaling and patterning under hypoxia: a mechanistic integrative computational model including the Notch-Dll4 pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.03.539270. [PMID: 37205581 PMCID: PMC10187169 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.539270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways are activated during hypoxia to promote angiogenesis, leading to endothelial cell patterning, interaction, and downstream signaling. Understanding the mechanistic signaling differences between normoxia and hypoxia can guide therapies to modulate angiogenesis. We present a novel mechanistic model of interacting endothelial cells, including the main pathways involved in angiogenesis. We calibrate and fit the model parameters based on well-established modeling techniques. Our results indicate that the main pathways involved in the patterning of tip and stalk endothelial cells under hypoxia differ, and the time under hypoxia affects how a reaction affects patterning. Interestingly, the interaction of receptors with Neuropilin1 is also relevant for cell patterning. Our simulations under different oxygen concentrations indicate time- and oxygen-availability-dependent responses for the two cells. Following simulations with various stimuli, our model suggests that factors such as period under hypoxia and oxygen availability must be considered for pattern control. This project provides insights into the signaling and patterning of endothelial cells under hypoxia, contributing to studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Hannah M Oliveira
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
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3
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Guzmán A, Hernández-Coronado CG, Gutiérrez CG, Rosales-Torres AM. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system as a key regulator of ovarian follicle angiogenesis and growth. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:201-217. [PMID: 36966489 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) system is a complex set of proteins, with multiple isoforms and receptors, including both angiogenic (VEGFxxx, VEGFR2) and antiangiogenic members (VEGFxxxb, VEGFR1 and soluble forms of VEGFR). The members of the VEGF system affect the proliferation, survival, and migration of endothelial and nonendothelial cells and are involved in the regulation of follicular angiogenesis and development. The production of VEGF by secondary follicles stimulates preantral follicular development by directly affecting follicular cells and promoting the acquisition of the follicular vasculature and downstream antrum formation. Additionally, the pattern of expression of the components of the VEGF system may provide a proangiogenic milieu capable of triggering angiogenesis and stimulating follicular cells to promote antral follicle growth, whereas, during atresia, this milieu becomes antiangiogenic and blocks follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Guzmán
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Cyndi G Hernández-Coronado
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Carlos G Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana M Rosales-Torres
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Distrito Federal, México
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4
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Circulating Biomarkers in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Everolimus in the Pre-nephrectomy Setting. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:e245-e255. [PMID: 36526521 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs are available in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), yet clinicians are still looking for predictive biomarkers of disease recurrence or progression supporting more personalised treatments. An assessment of circulating biomarkers over time was carried out in this French, open-label, single-arm, multicentre trial conducted in 25 patients with either locally advanced (n = 14) or metastatic RCC (n = 11) who received everolimus (10 mg daily) for 6 weeks prior to nephrectomy (NEORAD, NCT01715935). Circulating biomarkers, including circulating tumour cells, haematopoietic and endothelial cells, plasma angiogenesis and inflammatory markers were quantified at baseline, upon everolimus and post-nephrectomy. We assessed tumour burden, objective response rate upon RECIST1.1, disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The correlation between circulating biomarkers was evaluated with multiple factor analysis and biomarker association with DFS/PFS by Cox regression. No objective response rate was obtained before nephrectomy. Upon everolimus, neutrophils, platelets and sVEGFR2 significantly decreased. We did not find any association between circulating biomarkers and DFS/PFS, but patients with the highest tumour burden at baseline had significantly higher plasma levels of interleukin-6, an inflammatory circulating biomarker, and lower levels of sVEGFR2, related to angiogenesis. Further understanding of the link between these circulating biomarkers could help to optimise drug combinations in RCC.
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Saikia Q, Reeve H, Alzahrani A, Critchley WR, Zeqiraj E, Divan A, Harrison MA, Ponnambalam S. VEGFR endocytosis: Implications for angiogenesis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 194:109-139. [PMID: 36631189 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) superfamily to VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFRs) and co-receptors regulates vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. A recurring theme is that dysfunction in VEGF signaling promotes pathological angiogenesis, an important feature of cancer and pro-inflammatory disease states. Endocytosis of basal (resting) or activated VEGFRs facilitates signal attenuation and endothelial quiescence. However, increasing evidence suggest that activated VEGFRs can continue to signal from intracellular compartments such as endosomes. In this chapter, we focus on the evolving link between VEGFR endocytosis, signaling and turnover and the implications for angiogenesis. There is much interest in how such understanding of VEGFR dynamics can be harnessed therapeutically for a wide range of human disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queen Saikia
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Reeve
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Areej Alzahrani
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - William R Critchley
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elton Zeqiraj
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Aysha Divan
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Harrison
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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6
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Hernández-Morales J, Hernández-Coronado CG, Guzmán A, Zamora-Gutiérrez D, Fierro F, Gutiérrez CG, Rosales-Torres AM. Hypoxia up-regulates VEGF ligand and downregulates VEGF soluble receptor mRNA expression in bovine granulosa cells in vitro. Theriogenology 2021; 165:76-83. [PMID: 33640589 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen concentration (02) in antral ovarian follicles is below that found in most tissues, which is important for adequate granulosa cell function. The VEGF system is linked to angiogenesis and responds to changing 02 by stimulating neovascularization when levels are low. However, in the avascular granulosa cell layer of the follicle, VEGF action is directed to stimulating cell viability and steroidogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 02 concentration on granulosa cell expression of the VEGF-system components. Bovine granulosa cells were isolated from medium-sized follicles (4-7 mm in diameter), placed in McCoy 5a medium supplemented with 10 ng/mL of insulin, 1 ng/mL of IGF-I, and 1 ng/mL of FSH, and cultured in four well plates (500 thousand cells per well), on three separate occasions. Culture plates were placed in gas-impermeable jars with a gas mixture containing either 2%, or 5% of O2, or under atmospheric air condition inside an incubator (20% of 02). Media was replaced at 48 h of culture and cells from the plate in each oxygen concentration were pooled for RNA extraction after 96 h. The number of mRNA copies for the VEGF-system components - including ligands (VEGF120, VEGF120b, VEGF165 and VEGF165b), enzymes (cyclin-dependent like kinases-1, CLK1 and serine-arginine protein kinase 1, SRPK1), splicing factors (serine-arginine-rich splicing factors, SRSF1 and SRSF6), and the membrane-bound (VEGFR1, VEGFR2) and soluble forms of the receptors (sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2) were quantified by qPCR. Granulosa cells cultured with low 02 (2%) had a higher expression of VEGF ligands (P < 0.05) when compared to cells cultured at 20% 02. VEGF164b mRNA was absent in granulosa cells from all culture conditions. The 2 and 5% 02 levels, which coincide with physiological concentrations, in the ovarian follicle, induced higher SRSF6 expression than atmospheric 02 concentrations (20%, P < 0.05). In contrast, mRNA copies for SRPK1, CLK1, SRSF1, VEGFR1 or VEGFR2 did not differ between 02 culture conditions. (P > 0.05). Nonetheless, mRNA copies for the soluble receptors, sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2, linearly increased (P < 0.05) with 02 concentration. These results suggest that when cultured under hypoxic conditions, granulosa cells may develop an autocrine milieu that favors VEGF's biological effects on their survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahdai Hernández-Morales
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Estudiante de Maestría en Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cyndi G Hernández-Coronado
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adrian Guzmán
- Departamento Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Zamora-Gutiérrez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Fierro
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos G Gutiérrez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Ma Rosales-Torres
- Departamento Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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7
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Bernatz S, Monden D, Gessler F, Radic T, Hattingen E, Senft C, Seifert V, Ronellenfitsch MW, Plate KH, Harter PN, Baumgarten P. Influence of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1-3, and neuropilin 1-2 on progression-free: and overall survival in WHO grade II and III meningioma patients. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:233-243. [PMID: 33528717 PMCID: PMC8012320 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Higher grade meningiomas tend to recur. We aimed to evaluate protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A with the VEGF-receptors 1-3 and the co-receptors Neuropilin (NRP)-1 and -2 in WHO grade II and III meningiomas to elucidate the rationale for targeted treatments. We investigated 232 specimens of 147 patients suffering from cranial meningioma, including recurrent tumors. Immunohistochemistry for VEGF-A, VEGFR-1-3, and NRP-1/-2 was performed on tissue micro arrays. We applied a semiquantitative score (staining intensity x frequency). VEGF-A, VEGFR-1-3, and NRP-1 were heterogeneously expressed. NRP-2 was mainly absent. We demonstrated a significant increase of VEGF-A levels on tumor cells in WHO grade III meningiomas (p = 0.0098). We found a positive correlation between expression levels of VEGF-A and VEGFR-1 on tumor cells and vessels (p < 0.0001). In addition, there was a positive correlation of VEGF-A and VEGFR-3 expression on tumor vessels (p = 0.0034). VEGFR-2 expression was positively associated with progression-free survival (p = 0.0340). VEGF-A on tumor cells was negatively correlated with overall survival (p = 0.0084). The VEGF-A-driven system of tumor angiogenesis might still present a suitable target for adjuvant therapy in malignant meningioma disease. However, its role in malignant tumor progression may not be as crucial as expected. The value of comprehensive testing of the ligand and all receptors prior to administration of anti-angiogenic therapy needs to be evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bernatz
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Monden
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tijana Radic
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Senft
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Seifert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karl H Plate
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Baumgarten
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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8
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Zabroski IO, Nugent MA. Lipid Raft Association Stabilizes VEGF Receptor 2 in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020798. [PMID: 33466887 PMCID: PMC7830256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) to VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) stimulates angiogenic signaling. Lipid rafts are cholesterol-dense regions of the plasma membrane that serve as an organizational platform for biomolecules. Although VEGFR2 has been shown to colocalize with lipid rafts to regulate its activation, the effect of lipid rafts on non-activated VEGFR2 has not been explored. Here, we characterized the involvement of lipid rafts in modulating the stability of non-activated VEGFR2 in endothelial cells using raft disrupting agents: methyl-β-cyclodextrin, sphingomyelinase and simvastatin. Disrupting lipid rafts selectively decreased the levels of non-activated VEGFR2 as a result of increased lysosomal degradation. The decreased expression of VEGFR2 translated to reduced VEGF-activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK). Overall, our results indicate that lipid rafts stabilize VEGFR2 and its associated signal transduction activities required for angiogenesis. Thus, modulation of lipid rafts may provide a means to regulate the sensitivity of endothelial cells to VEGF stimulation. Indeed, the ability of simvastatin to down regulate VEGFR2 and inhibit VEGF activity suggest a potential mechanism underlying the observation that this drug improves outcomes in the treatment of certain cancers.
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9
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Brain expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene family in cognitive aging and alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:888-896. [PMID: 31332262 PMCID: PMC6980445 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is associated with the clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of the VEGF gene family in neuroprotection is complex due to the number of biological pathways they regulate. This study explored associations between brain expression of VEGF genes with cognitive performance and AD pathology. Genetic, cognitive, and neuropathology data were acquired from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. Expression of ten VEGF ligand and receptor genes was quantified using RNA sequencing of prefrontal cortex tissue. Global cognitive composite scores were calculated from 17 neuropsychological tests. β-amyloid and tau burden were measured at autopsy. Participants (n = 531) included individuals with normal cognition (n = 180), mild cognitive impairment (n = 148), or AD dementia (n = 203). Mean age at death was 89 years and 37% were male. Higher prefrontal cortex expression of VEGFB, FLT4, FLT1, and PGF was associated with worse cognitive trajectories (p ≤ 0.01). Increased expression of VEGFB and FLT4 was also associated with lower cognition scores at the last visit before death (p ≤ 0.01). VEGFB, FLT4, and FLT1 were upregulated among AD dementia compared with normal cognition participants (p ≤ 0.03). All four genes associated with cognition related to elevated β-amyloid (p ≤ 0.01) and/or tau burden (p ≤ 0.03). VEGF ligand and receptor genes, specifically genes relevant to FLT4 and FLT1 receptor signaling, are associated with cognition, longitudinal cognitive decline, and AD neuropathology. Future work should confirm these observations at the protein level to better understand how changes in VEGF transcription and translation relate to neurodegenerative disease.
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Joshi S, Chittimalli K, Jahan J, Vasam G, Jarajapu YP. ACE2/ACE imbalance and impaired vasoreparative functions of stem/progenitor cells in aging. GeroScience 2020; 43:1423-1436. [PMID: 33247425 PMCID: PMC7694587 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging increases risk for ischemic vascular diseases. Bone marrow–derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are known to stimulate vascular regeneration. Activation of either the Mas receptor (MasR) by angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) or angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) stimulates vasoreparative functions in HSPCs. This study tested if aging is associated with decreased ACE2 expression in HSPCs and if Ang-(1-7) restores vasoreparative functions. Flow cytometric enumeration of Lin−CD45lowCD34+ cells was carried out in peripheral blood of male or female individuals (22–83 years of age). Activity of ACE2 or the classical angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was determined in lysates of HSPCs. Lin−Sca-1+cKit+ (LSK) cells were isolated from young (3–5 months) or old (20–22 months) mice, and migration and proliferation were evaluated. Old mice were treated with Ang-(1-7), and mobilization of HSPCs was determined following ischemia induced by femoral ligation. A laser Doppler blood flow meter was used to determine blood flow. Aging was associated with decreased number (Spearman r = − 0.598, P < 0.0001, n = 56), decreased ACE2 (r = − 0.677, P < 0.0004), and increased ACE activity (r = 0.872, P < 0.0001) (n = 23) in HSPCs. Migration or proliferation of LSK cells in basal or in response to stromal-derived factor-1α in old cells is attenuated compared to young, and these dysfunctions were reversed by Ang-(1-7). Ischemia increased the number of circulating LSK cells in young mice, and blood flow to ischemic areas was recovered. These responses were impaired in old mice but were restored by treatment with Ang-(1-7). These results suggest that activation of ACE2 or MasR would be a promising approach for enhancing ischemic vascular repair in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - K Chittimalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - J Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - G Vasam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Y P Jarajapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Sudro-16, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
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11
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Wang Y, Singh AR, Zhao Y, Du T, Huang Y, Wan X, Mukhopadhyay D, Wang Y, Wang N, Zhang P. TRIM28 regulates sprouting angiogenesis through VEGFR-DLL4-Notch signaling circuit. FASEB J 2020; 34:14710-14724. [PMID: 32918765 PMCID: PMC10115459 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000186rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is a highly coordinately process controlled by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-Notch signaling. Here we investigated whether Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28), which is an epigenetic modifier implicated in gene transcription and cell differentiation, is essential to mediate sprouting angiogenesis. We observed that knockdown of TRIM28 ortholog in zebrafish resulted in developmental vascular defect with disorganized and reduced vasculatures. Consistently, TRIM28 knockdown inhibited angiogenic sprouting of cultured endothelial cells (ECs), which exhibited increased mRNA levels of VEGFR1, Delta-like (DLL) 3, and Notch2 but reduced levels of VEGFR2, DLL1, DLL4, Notch1, Notch3, and Notch4.The regulative effects of TRIM28 on these angiogenic factors were partially mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α) and recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJκ). In vitro DNA-binding assay showed that TRIM28 knockdown increased the association of RBPJκ with DNA sequences containing HIF-1α-binding sites. Moreover, the phosphorylation of TRIM28 was controlled by VEGF and Notch1 through a mechanism involving RBPJκ-dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP)-p38 MAPK, indicating a negative feedback mechanism. These findings established TRIM28 as a crucial regulator of VEGFR-Notch signaling circuit through HIF-1α and RBPJκ in EC sprouting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Angom Ramcharan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yitong Huang
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Wan
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nanping Wang
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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12
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KDR (VEGFR2) Genetic Variants and Serum Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080355. [PMID: 31405022 PMCID: PMC6727087 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) polymorphisms and protein levels in relation to susceptibility to and severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). 641 RA patients and 340 controls (HC) were examined for the rs1870377 KDR variant by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method and for rs2305948 and rs2071559 KDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. KDR serum levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The rs1870377 KDR variant has shown association with RA under the codominant (p = 0.02, OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.09–2.85) and recessive models (p = 0.019, OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.07–2.20). KDR rs2305948 was associated with RA under the dominant model (p = 0.005, OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.10–1.73). Under the codominant model, the frequency of the rs2071559 TC and GG genotypes were lower in RA patients than in controls (p < 0.001, OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.37–0.69, and p = 0.002, OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39–0.81). KDR rs2071559 T and rs2305948 A alleles were associated with RA (p = 0.001, OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.45–0.81 and p = 0.008, OR = 1.71, CI = 1.15–2.54). KDR rs2305948SNP was associated with Disease Activity Score (DAS)-28 score (p < 0.001), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score (p < 0.001), number of swollen joints (p < 0.001), mean value of CRP (p < 0.001). A higher KDR serum level was found in RA patients than in HC (8018 pg/mL versus 7381 pg/mL, p = 0.002). Present results shed light on the role of KDR genetic variants in the severity of RA.
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Cárdenas-Rivera A, Campero-Romero AN, Heras-Romero Y, Penagos-Puig A, Rincón-Heredia R, Tovar-Y-Romo LB. Early Post-stroke Activation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Hinders the Receptor 1-Dependent Neuroprotection Afforded by the Endogenous Ligand. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:270. [PMID: 31312121 PMCID: PMC6614187 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has long been connected to the development of tissue lesion following ischemic stroke. Contradictory findings either situate VEGF as a promoter of large infarct volumes or as a potential attenuator of damage due to its well documented neuroprotective capability. The core of this discrepancy mostly lies on the substantial number of pleiotropic functions driven by VEGF. Mechanistically, these effects are activated through several VEGF receptors for which various closely related ligands exist. Here, we tested in an experimental model of stroke how the differential activation of VEGF receptors 1 and 2 would modify functional and histological outcomes in the acute phase post-ischemia. We also assessed whether VEGF-mediated responses would involve the modulation of inflammatory mechanisms and how this trophic factor acted specifically on neuronal receptors. We produced ischemic infarcts in adult rats by transiently occluding the middle cerebral artery and induced the pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptors by i.c.v. administration of the specific VEGFR2 inhibitor SU1498 and the pan-VEGFR blocker Axitinib. We evaluated the neurological performance of animals at 24 h following stroke and the occurrence of brain infarctions analyzed at the gross metabolic and neuronal viability levels. We also assessed the induction of peripheral pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood and assessed the polarization of activated microglia. Finally, we studied the direct involvement of cortical neuronal receptors for VEGF with in vitro assays of excitotoxic damage. Preferential VEGFR1 activation by the endogenous ligand promotes neuronal protection and prevents the presentation of large volume infarcts that highly correlate with neurological performance, while the concomitant activation of VEGFR2 reduces this effect, even in the presence of exogenous ligand. This process partially involves the polarization of microglia to the state M2. At the cellular level, neurons also responded better to the preferential activation of VEGFR1 when challenged to N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity. Endogenous activation of VEGFR2 hinders the neuroprotective mechanisms mediated by the activation of VEGFR1. The selective modulation of these concurrent processes might enable the development of therapeutic approaches that target specific VEGFR1-mediated signaling during the acute phase post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Cárdenas-Rivera
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aura N Campero-Romero
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yessica Heras-Romero
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Penagos-Puig
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Microscopy Core Unit, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis B Tovar-Y-Romo
- Division of Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Joshi S, Wollenzien H, Leclerc E, Jarajapu YP. Hypoxic regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and Mas receptor in human CD34 + cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20420-20431. [PMID: 30989646 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are vasculogenic and hypoxia is a strong stimulus for the vasoreparative functions of these cells. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor (MasR) pathway stimulates vasoprotective functions of CD34+ cells. This study tested if ACE2 and MasR are involved in the hypoxic stimulation of CD34+ cells. Cells were isolated from circulating mononuclear cells derived from healthy subjects (n = 46) and were exposed to normoxia (20% O2 ) or hypoxia (1% O2 ). Luciferase reporter assays were carried out in cells transduced with lentivirus carrying ACE2- or MasR- or a scramble-3'-untranslated region gene with a firefly luciferase reporter. Expressions or activities of ACE, angiotensin receptor Type 1 (AT1R), ACE2, and MasR were determined. In vitro observations were verified in HSPCs derived from mice undergoing hindlimb ischemia (HLI). In vitro exposure to hypoxia-increased proliferation and migration of CD34+ cells in basal conditions or in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or stromal-derived factor 1α (SDF) compared with normoxia. Expression of ACE2 or MasR was increased relative to normoxia while ACE or AT1R expressions were unaltered. Luciferase activity was increased by hypoxia in cells transfected with the luciferase reporter plasmids coding for the ACE2- or MasR promoters relatively to the control. The effects of hypoxia were mimicked by VEGF or SDF under normoxia. Hypoxia-induced ADAM17-dependent shedding of functional ACE2 fragments. In mice undergoing HLI, increased expression/activity of ACE2 and MasR were observed in the circulating HSPCs. This study provides compelling evidence for the hypoxic upregulation of ACE2 and MasR in CD34+ cells, which likely contributes to vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrinidh Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Hannah Wollenzien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Estelle Leclerc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Yagna Pr Jarajapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
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The Prognostic Value of the Combination of Low VEGFR-1 and High VEGFR-2 Expression in Endothelial Cells of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113536. [PMID: 30423986 PMCID: PMC6274874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on tumor angiogenesis has mainly focused on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and on methods to block its actions. However, reports on VEGF receptor (VEGFR) expression in tumor-associated endothelial cells (ECs) are limited. Thus, we evaluated VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 expression in ECs of colorectal cancer (CRC) using immunohistochemistry. VEGF, VEGFR-1 and -2 expression in ECs was quantitatively evaluated by digital image analysis in a retrospective series of 204 tumor tissue samples and related to clinical variables. The data show that the VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 expression in ECs is heterogeneous. Multivariate analysis including a set of clinicopathological variables reveals that high EC VEGFR-1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS). The combination of low VEGFR-1 and high VEGFR-2 expression in ECs outperforms models integrating VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 as separate markers. Indeed, this VEGFR-1_VEGFR-2 combination is an independent negative prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.012) and metastasis-free survival (p = 0.007). In conclusion, this work illustrates the importance of studying the distribution of VEGF members in ECs of CRC. Interestingly, our preliminary data suggest that high VEGFR-1 and low VEGFR-2 expression in ECs appear to be involved in the progression of CRC, suggesting that targeting EC VEGFR-1 could offer novel opportunities for CRC treatment. However, a prospective validation study is needed.
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Angiogenic Factors produced by Hypoxic Cells are a leading driver of Anastomoses in Sprouting Angiogenesis-a computational study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8726. [PMID: 29880828 PMCID: PMC5992150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis - the growth of new blood vessels from a pre-existing vasculature - is key in both physiological processes and on several pathological scenarios such as cancer progression or diabetic retinopathy. For the new vascular networks to be functional, it is required that the growing sprouts merge either with an existing functional mature vessel or with another growing sprout. This process is called anastomosis. We present a systematic 2D and 3D computational study of vessel growth in a tissue to address the capability of angiogenic factor gradients to drive anastomosis formation. We consider that these growth factors are produced only by tissue cells in hypoxia, i.e. until nearby vessels merge and become capable of carrying blood and irrigating their vicinity. We demonstrate that this increased production of angiogenic factors by hypoxic cells is able to promote vessel anastomoses events in both 2D and 3D. The simulations also verify that the morphology of these networks has an increased resilience toward variations in the endothelial cell's proliferation and chemotactic response. The distribution of tissue cells and the concentration of the growth factors they produce are the major factors in determining the final morphology of the network.
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Kurotsu S, Osakabe R, Isomi M, Tamura F, Sadahiro T, Muraoka N, Kojima H, Haginiwa S, Tani H, Nara K, Kubota Y, Ema M, Fukuda K, Suzuki T, Ieda M. Distinct expression patterns of Flk1 and Flt1 in the coronary vascular system during development and after myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:884-891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Smith GA, Fearnley GW, Abdul-Zani I, Wheatcroft SB, Tomlinson DC, Harrison MA, Ponnambalam S. Ubiquitination of basal VEGFR2 regulates signal transduction and endothelial function. Biol Open 2017; 6:1404-1415. [PMID: 28798148 PMCID: PMC5665470 DOI: 10.1242/bio.027896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors can undergo recycling or proteolysis but the cellular decision-making events that sort between these pathways remain poorly defined. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) regulate signal transduction and angiogenesis, but how signaling and proteolysis is regulated is not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that a pathway requiring the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA1 controls basal VEGFR2 levels, hence metering plasma membrane receptor availability for the VEGF-A-regulated endothelial cell response. VEGFR2 undergoes VEGF-A-independent constitutive degradation via a UBA1-dependent ubiquitin-linked pathway. Depletion of UBA1 increased VEGFR2 recycling from endosome-to-plasma membrane and decreased proteolysis. Increased membrane receptor availability after UBA1 depletion elevated VEGF-A-stimulated activation of key signaling enzymes such as PLCγ1 and ERK1/2. Although UBA1 depletion caused an overall decrease in endothelial cell proliferation, surviving cells showed greater VEGF-A-stimulated responses such as cell migration and tubulogenesis. Our study now suggests that a ubiquitin-linked pathway regulates the balance between receptor recycling and degradation which in turn impacts on the intensity and duration of VEGF-A-stimulated signal transduction and the endothelial response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina A Smith
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gareth W Fearnley
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Izma Abdul-Zani
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Darren C Tomlinson
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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VEGF and VEGFR1 levels in different regions of the normal and preeclampsia placentae. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 438:141-152. [PMID: 28770473 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Altered placental angiogenesis is implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. We have earlier reported placental regional differences in oxidative stress markers and neurotrophins. Oxidative stress and neurotrophins are reported to regulate angiogenesis. This study aims to examine protein and mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) in four regions [central maternal (CM), central fetal (CF), peripheral maternal (PM), and peripheral fetal (PF)] of the placenta in normotensive control (NC) women (n = 51) and women with preeclampsia (PE) (n = 43) [18 delivered at term (T-PE) and 25 delivered preterm (PT-PE)]. In all groups, CF region reported highest VEGF protein levels compared to all other regions. VEGF mRNA level was higher in CF region as compared to CM region in PE group (p < 0.05). VEGF levels were lower in all regions of PE, T-PE, and PT-PE groups (p < 0.05) as compared to their respective regions in NC group. VEGFR1 levels were lower in CF (p < 0.05) and PF (p < 0.01) regions as compared to CM region only in control. However, VEGFR1 levels were higher in CF (p < 0.05) and PF (p < 0.01) regions of PT-PE group as compared to control. VEGFR1 mRNA level was higher in PM region of PE group and T-PE group (p < 0.05 for both) as compared to control. VEGF levels in the PF region were positively associated with birth weight and placental weight. This study describes placental regional changes in angiogenic factors particularly highlighting increased VEGF in CF region possibly in response to hypoxic conditions prevailing in placenta.
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Al Mamun A, Hayashi H, Sakima M, Sato M. Adenosine triphosphate is a critical determinant for VEGFR signal during hypoxia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C985-C995. [PMID: 27834196 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00145.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia induces angiogenesis through the VEGF signaling pathway; however, signal propagation of VEGF in hypoxia is not fully understood. In this study, we examined alterations in VEGF signaling during hypoxia conditions and its determinant in endothelial cells. To analyze VEGF signaling during hypoxia, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 3 h of hypoxia (1% O2) followed by 3 h of reoxygenation or 12 h of hypoxia. Hypoxia induced expression of VEGF mRNA, but it was not associated with an increase in tube formation by HUVECs. During 3 h of hypoxia, VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and downstream molecules were significantly inhibited without a change in VEGFR-2 expression, but it was completely restored after reoxygenation. VEGF-mediated VEGFR-2 phosphorylation is associated with a reduction in cellular ATP in hypoxia conditions (65.93 ± 8.32% of normoxia, means ± SE, P < 0.01). Interestingly, attenuation of VEGFR-2 phosphorylation was restored by addition of ATP to prepared membranes from cells that underwent 3 h of hypoxia. In contrast to 3 h of hypoxia, exposure of cells to 12 h of hypoxia decreased VEGFR-2 expression and VEGF-mediated VEGFR-2 phosphorylation. The magnitude of VEGFR-2 phosphorylation was not fully restored by addition of ATP to prepared membranes from cells exposed to 12 h of hypoxia. These data indicate that ATP is an important determinant of VEGF signaling in hypoxia and suggest that the activation process of VEGFR-2 was modified by sustained hypoxia. These observations contribute to our understanding of signal alterations in VEGF in endothelial cells during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisaki Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miho Sakima
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Krishnan S, Szabo E, Burghardt I, Frei K, Tabatabai G, Weller M. Modulation of cerebral endothelial cell function by TGF-β in glioblastoma: VEGF-dependent angiogenesis versus endothelial mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22480-95. [PMID: 26090865 PMCID: PMC4673177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma are among the most angiogenic tumors. The molecular mechanisms that control blood vessel formation by endothelial cells (EC) in glioblastoma remain incompletely understood. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key regulatory cytokine that has proinvasive and stemness-maintaining autocrine properties in glioblastoma and confers immunosuppression to the tumor microenvironment. Here we characterize potential pro- and anti-angiogenic activities of TGF-β in the context of glioblastoma in vitro, using human brain-derived microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and glioblastoma-derived endothelial cells (GMEC) as model systems. We find that TGF-β induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) mRNA expression and protein release in a TGF-β receptor (TβR) II / activin-like kinase (ALK)-5-dependent manner under normoxia and hypoxia, defining potential indirect proangiogenic activity of TGF-β in glioblastoma. In parallel, exogenous TGF-β has also inhibitory effects on EC properties and induces endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in hCMEC and GMEC. Accordingly, direct inhibition of endogenous TGF-β/ALK-5 signalling increases EC properties such as tube formation, von-Willebrand factor (vWF) and claudin (CLDN) 5 expression. Yet, the supernatant of TGF-β-stimulated hCMEC and GMEC strongly promotes EC-related gene expression and tube formation in a cediranib-sensitive manner. These observations shed light on the complex pro- and anti-angiogenic pathways involving the cross-talk between TGF-β and VEGF/PLGF signalling in glioblastoma which may involve parallel stimulation of angiogenesis and EndMT in distinct target cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugarajan Krishnan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emese Szabo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Burghardt
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Frei
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Interdisciplinary Division of Neuro-Oncology, Departments of Vascular Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Rodriguez J, Pilkington R, Garcia Munoz A, Nguyen LK, Rauch N, Kennedy S, Monsefi N, Herrero A, Taylor CT, von Kriegsheim A. Substrate-Trapped Interactors of PHD3 and FIH Cluster in Distinct Signaling Pathways. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2745-60. [PMID: 26972000 PMCID: PMC4805855 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid hydroxylation is a post-translational modification that regulates intra- and inter-molecular protein-protein interactions. The modifications are regulated by a family of 2-oxoglutarate- (2OG) dependent enzymes and, although the biochemistry is well understood, until now only a few substrates have been described for these enzymes. Using quantitative interaction proteomics, we screened for substrates of the proline hydroxylase PHD3 and the asparagine hydroxylase FIH, which regulate the HIF-mediated hypoxic response. We were able to identify hundreds of potential substrates. Enrichment analysis revealed that the potential substrates of both hydroxylases cluster in the same pathways but frequently modify different nodes of signaling networks. We confirm that two proteins identified in our screen, MAPK6 (Erk3) and RIPK4, are indeed hydroxylated in a FIH- or PHD3-dependent mechanism. We further determined that FIH-dependent hydroxylation regulates RIPK4-dependent Wnt signaling, and that PHD3-dependent hydroxylation of MAPK6 protects the protein from proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodriguez
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ruth Pilkington
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Lan K Nguyen
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nora Rauch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Naser Monsefi
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ana Herrero
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
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Hayashi H, Al Mamun A, Sakima M, Sato M. Activator of G-protein signaling 8 is involved in VEGF-mediated signal processing during angiogenesis. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1210-22. [PMID: 26826188 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.181883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Activator of G-protein signaling 8 (AGS8, also known as FNDC1) is a receptor-independent accessory protein for the Gβγ subunit, which was isolated from rat heart subjected to repetitive transient ischemia with the substantial development of collaterals. Here, we report the role of AGS8 in vessel formation by endothelial cells. Knockdown of AGS8 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tube formation, as well as VEGF-stimulated cell growth and migration. VEGF stimulated the phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2, also known as KDR), ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK; however, knockdown of AGS8 inhibited these signaling events. Signal alterations by AGS8 siRNA were associated with a decrease of cell surface VEGFR-2 and an increase of VEGFR-2 in the cytosol. Endocytosis blockers did not influence the decrease of VEGFR-2 by AGS8 siRNA, suggesting the involvement of AGS8 in VEGFR-2 trafficking to the plasma membrane. VEGFR-2 formed a complex with AGS8 in cells, and a peptide designed to disrupt AGS8-Gβγ interaction inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation. These data suggest a potential role for AGS8-Gβγ in VEGF signal processing. AGS8 might play a key role in tissue adaptation by regulating angiogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaki Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Miho Sakima
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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Cousins FL, Murray AA, Scanlon JP, Saunders PTK. Hypoxyprobe™ reveals dynamic spatial and temporal changes in hypoxia in a mouse model of endometrial breakdown and repair. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:30. [PMID: 26780953 PMCID: PMC4717617 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menstruation is the culmination of a cascade of events, triggered by the withdrawal of progesterone at the end of the menstrual cycle. Initiation of tissue destruction and endometrial shedding causes spiral arteriole constriction in the functional layer of the endometrium. Upregulation of genes involved in angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment, two processes that are essential to successful repair and remodelling of the endometrium, both thought to be induced by reduced oxygen has been reported. Evidence for stabilisation/increased expression of the transcriptional regulator hypoxia inducible factor in the human endometrium at menses has been published. The current literature debates whether hypoxia plays an essential role during menstrual repair, therefore this study aims to delineate a role for hypoxia using a sensitive detection method (the Hypoxyprobe™) in combination with an established mouse model of endometrial breakdown and repair. RESULTS Using our mouse model of menses, during which documented breakdown and synchronous repair occurs in a 24 h timeframe, in combination with the Hypoxyprobe™ detection system, oxygen tensions within the uterus were measured. Immunostaining revealed striking spatial and temporal fluctuations in hypoxia during breakdown and showed that the epithelium is also exposed to hypoxic conditions during the repair phase. Furthermore, time-dependent changes in tissue hypoxia correlated with the regulation of mRNAs encoding for the angiogenic genes vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal derived factor (Cxcl12). CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with a role for focal hypoxia during endometrial breakdown in regulating gene expression during menses. These data have implications for treatment of endometrial pathologies such as heavy menstrual bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Cousins
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Alison A Murray
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Jessica P Scanlon
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Philippa T K Saunders
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Aplin AC, Nicosia RF. Hypoxia paradoxically inhibits the angiogenic response of isolated vessel explants while inducing overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:133-46. [PMID: 26748649 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-015-9493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate how changes in O2 levels affected angiogenesis in vascular organ culture. Although hypoxia is a potent inducer of angiogenesis, aortic rings cultured in collagen paradoxically failed to produce an angiogenic response in 1-4 % O2. Additionally, aortic neovessels preformed in atmospheric O2 lost pericytes and regressed at a faster rate than control when exposed to hypoxia. Aortic explants remained viable in hypoxia and produced an angiogenic response when returned to atmospheric O2. Hypoxic aortic rings were unresponsive to VEGF, while increased oxygenation of the system dose-dependently enhanced VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Hypoxia-induced refractoriness to angiogenic stimulation was not restricted to the aorta because similar results were obtained with vena cava explants or isolated endothelial cells. Unlike endothelial cells, aorta-derived mural cells were unaffected by hypoxia. Hypoxia downregulated expression in aortic explants of key signaling molecules including VEGFR2, NRP1 and Prkc-beta while upregulating expression of VEGFR1. Medium conditioned by hypoxic cultures exhibited angiostatic and anti-VEGF activities likely mediated by sVEGFr1. Hypoxia reduced expression of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in endothelial cells while upregulating VEGFR1 in macrophages and VEGF in both macrophages and mural cells. Thus, changes in O2 levels profoundly affect the endothelial response to angiogenic stimuli. These results suggest that hypoxia-induced angiogenesis is fine-tuned by complex regulatory mechanisms involving not only production of angiogenic factors including VEGF but also differential regulation of VEGFR expression in different cell types and production of inhibitors of VEGF function such as sVEGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred C Aplin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service (S-113-Lab), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Balaratnasingam C, Dhrami-Gavazi E, McCann JT, Ghadiali Q, Freund KB. Aflibercept: a review of its use in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol 2015; 9:2355-71. [PMID: 26719668 PMCID: PMC4689264 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s80040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an important cause of visual morbidity globally. Modern treatment strategies for neovascular AMD achieve regression of CNV by suppressing the activity of key growth factors that mediate angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been the major target of neovascular AMD therapy for almost two decades, and there have been several intravitreally-administered agents that have enabled anatomical restitution and improvement in visual function with continual dosing. Aflibercept (EYLEA(®)), initially named VEGF Trap-eye, is the most recent anti-VEGF agent to be granted US Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of neovascular AMD. Biologic advantages of aflibercept include its greater binding affinity for VEGF, a longer intravitreal half-life relative to other anti-VEGF agents, and the capacity to antagonize growth factors other than VEGF. This paper provides an up-to-date summary of the molecular mechanisms mediating CNV. The structural, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic advantages of aflibercept are also reviewed to rationalize the utility of this agent for treating CNV. Results of landmark clinical investigations, including VIEW 1 and 2 trials, and other important studies are then summarized and used to illustrate the efficacy of aflibercept for managing treatment-naïve CNV, recalcitrant CNV, and CNV due to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Safety profile, patient tolerability, and quality of life measures related to aflibercept are also provided. The evidence provided in this paper suggests aflibercept to be a promising agent that can be used to reduce the treatment burden of neovascular AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam
- Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, NY, USA
- LuEsther T Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elona Dhrami-Gavazi
- Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, NY, USA
- LuEsther T Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesse T McCann
- Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, NY, USA
- LuEsther T Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Quraish Ghadiali
- Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, NY, USA
- LuEsther T Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Bailey Freund
- Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants of New York, NY, USA
- LuEsther T Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Baumgarten P, Blank AE, Franz K, Hattingen E, Dunst M, Zeiner P, Hoffmann K, Bähr O, Mäder L, Goeppert B, Machein M, Seifert V, Steinbach JP, Plate KH, Harter PN, Mittelbronn M. Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A, its receptors VEGFR-1, -2, and -3 and co-receptors neuropilin-1 and -2 does not predict bevacizumab response in human astrocytomas. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:173-83. [PMID: 26627848 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major hallmark of malignant progression in human astrocytomas is the formation of new blood vessels. Antiangiogenic therapy using the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-antibody bevacizumab leads to increased progression-free survival in glioblastoma patients but does not influence their overall survival. To date, it is unclear why antiangiogenic therapy fails in many glioblastoma patients, while a small subpopulation profits considerably from this treatment. METHODS The aim of our study was to determine the expression of VEGF-A and its (co-) receptors by immunohistochemistry and to test the association with patient survival in 350 glioma patients. Additionally, VEGF-A expression was analyzed by in-situ hybridization. In 18 patients, the protein expression was compared with the bevacizumab response according to extended and modified RANO criteria. RESULTS We found a heterogeneous expression pattern of VEGF and its receptors in glioblastoma patients with significantly lower levels in WHO grade II and III tumors and normal-appearing brain tissue (P < .001). Pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO grade I) showed significantly higher VEGFR-1, -2 and neuropilin-1 levels as compared to WHO grade II and III astrocytomas (P < .01) but at lower levels than glioblastomas. The expression of neuropilin-2 was low in all tumors. There was neither a significant correlation between protein expression and patient survival nor between protein levels and bevacizumab response after modified RANO criteria. CONCLUSION Since our data indicate that beneficial response to bevacizumab treatment is independent of the expression of VEGF-A and its (co-) receptors, further investigation is needed to decipher the underlying mechanisms of antiangiogenic treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Baumgarten
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Anna-Eva Blank
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Kea Franz
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Maika Dunst
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Pia Zeiner
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Katharina Hoffmann
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Oliver Bähr
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Lisa Mäder
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Marcia Machein
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Volker Seifert
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Karl H Plate
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (P.B., A.-E.B., M.D., P.Z., K.H., L.M., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (K.F., V.S.); Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (K.F., O.B., J.P.S.); Department of Neuroradiology, University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (E.H.); Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany (M.Ma.); Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P, P.N.H., M.Mi.); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (O.B., J.P.S., K.H.P., P.N.H., M.Mi.); Department of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (B.G.)
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Lloyd-Griffith C, McFadden TM, Duffy GP, Unger RE, Kirkpatrick CJ, O’Brien FJ. The pre-vascularisation of a collagen-chondroitin sulphate scaffold using human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells to enhance and stabilise endothelial cell-mediated vessel formation. Acta Biomater 2015; 26:263-73. [PMID: 26300337 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A major problem in tissue engineering (TE) is graft failure in vivo due to core degradation in in vitro engineered constructs designed to regenerate thick tissues such as bone. The integration of constructs post-implantation relies on the rapid formation of functional vasculature. A recent approach to overcome core degradation focuses on the creation of cell-based, pre-engineered vasculature formed within the TE construct in vitro, prior to implantation in vivo. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether an amniotic fluid-derived stem cell (AFSC)-human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) co-culture could be used to engineer in vitro vasculature in a collagen chondroitin sulphate (CCS) scaffold. The secondary objective was to investigate whether hypoxic conditions (2% O2) could enhance microcapillary-like structure formation by this co-culture. The results of this study demonstrate, for the first time, that the AFSC-HUVEC co-culture was capable of pre-vascularising CCS scaffolds within 7 days and that the AFSCs are capable of behaving as pericytes while interacting with HUVECS to form microcapillary-like structures. However, this microcapillary-like structure formation was reduced in hypoxic conditions. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that an upregulation of VEGFR1 and accompanying decrease of VEGFR2 gene expression may be responsible for the poor response of these microcapillary-like structures to hypoxic conditions. Overall, however, these results demonstrate the potential of this newly developed co-culture system for the formation of pre-engineered vasculature within TE constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This article describes the development of an amniotic fluid-derived stem cell (AFSC)-human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) co-culture for use in engineering in vitro vasculature in a collagen chondroitin sulphate (CCS) scaffold. The article also describes the effect of hypoxic conditions on the networks of microcapillary-like structures formed by this co-culture. The AFSC-HUVEC co-culture was capable of pre-vascularising CCS scaffolds within 7 days. However, microcapillary-like structure formation was reduced in hypoxic conditions. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential of this newly developed co-culture system for the formation of pre-engineered vasculature within TE constructs. The proangiogenic nature of this co-culture has the potential to both enhance bone regeneration while also overcoming the problem of inadequate vascularisation of grafts commonly seen in the field of tissue engineering.
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Smith GA, Fearnley GW, Harrison MA, Tomlinson DC, Wheatcroft SB, Ponnambalam S. Vascular endothelial growth factors: multitasking functionality in metabolism, health and disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:753-63. [PMID: 25868665 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) bind to VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFRs). The VEGF and VEGFR gene products regulate diverse regulatory pathways in mammalian development, health and disease. The interaction between a particular VEGF and its cognate VEGFR activates multiple signal transduction pathways which regulate different cellular responses including metabolism, gene expression, proliferation, migration, and survival. The family of VEGF isoforms regulate vascular physiology and promote tissue homeostasis. VEGF dysfunction is implicated in major chronic disease states including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. More recent studies implicate a strong link between response to VEGF and regulation of vascular metabolism. Understanding how this family of multitasking cytokines regulates cell and animal function has implications for treating many different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina A Smith
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Zheng L, Han P, Liu J, Li R, Yin W, Wang T, Zhang W, Kang YJ. Role of copper in regression of cardiac hypertrophy. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 148:66-84. [PMID: 25476109 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pressure overload causes an accumulation of homocysteine in the heart, which is accompanied by copper depletion through the formation of copper-homocysteine complexes and the excretion of the complexes. Copper supplementation recovers cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity and promotes myocardial angiogenesis, along with the regression of cardiac hypertrophy and the recovery of cardiac contractile function. Increased copper availability is responsible for the recovery of CCO activity. Copper promoted expression of angiogenesis factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endothelial cells is responsible for angiogenesis. VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is critical for hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes and VEGFR-1 is essential for the regression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Copper, through promoting VEGF production and suppressing VEGFR-2, switches the VEGF signaling pathway from VEGFR-2-dependent to VEGFR-1-dependent, leading to the regression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Copper is also required for hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcriptional activity, acting on the interaction between HIF-1 and the hypoxia responsible element and the formation of HIF-1 transcriptional complex by inhibiting the factor inhibiting HIF-1. Therefore, therapeutic targets for copper supplementation-induced regression of cardiac hypertrophy include: (1) the recovery of copper availability for CCO and other critical cellular events; (2) the activation of HIF-1 transcriptional complex leading to the promotion of angiogenesis in the endothelial cells by VEGF and other factors; (3) the activation of VEGFR-1-dependent regression signaling pathway in the cardiomyocytes; and (4) the inhibition of VEGFR-2 through post-translational regulation in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Future studies should focus on target-specific delivery of copper for the development of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Zheng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Pengfei Han
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wen Yin
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Y James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Wang L, Zhang T, Fang M, Shen N, Wang D, Teng J, Fu B, Xie H, Hong Q, Lin H. Podocytes protect glomerular endothelial cells from hypoxic injury via deSUMOylation of HIF-1α signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 58:17-27. [PMID: 25448415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia can cause severe tubulointerstitial injury and peritubular capillary loss. However, hypoxia-induced injury in glomerular capillaries is far milder than tubulointerstitium, but the reason for this difference is unclear. We hypothesized that the phenomenon is due to the protective crosstalk among intrinsic glomerular cells. To mimic the microenvironment and investigate the crosstalk process temporally, we established co-culture models of glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) with podocytes or with mesangial cells. We found that podocytes rather than mesangial cells prevented GEnCs from injury and hypoxia-induced apoptosis and promoted migration and angiogenesis of GEnCs under hypoxic conditions. We then identified that increased activation of the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) pathway as the major mechanism enabling podocytes to protect GEnCs against hypoxia. HIF-1α stabilization during hypoxia is known to be dependent on SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1)-mediated deSUMOylate modifications. Therefore, we further targeted deSUMOylation, regulated by SENP1, by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of SENP1 mRNA in vitro and measured expression of HIF-1α and its downstream gene VEGF in hypoxic podocytes. Our results showed that SENP1 was essential for HIF-1α deSUMOylation in podocytes. The blockade of deSUMOylation by SENP1 shRNA successfully abolished the activation of HIF-1α signaling and consequently suppressed the protective effects of podocytes on GEnCs. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that hypoxia may promote HIF-1α stabilization and activation by increasing SENP1 expression in podocytes, which induce GEnCs survival and angiogenesis to resist hypoxia. Thus, deSUMOylation of HIF-1α signaling is a potentially novel therapeutic target for treating hypoxic renal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Wang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tuaner Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaqi Teng
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongli Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Gokkusu C, Cakmakoglu B, Cincin ZB, Karaagac M, Emet S, Tamer S, Umman B. Identification of gene variants associated with hypoxia pathway in acute coronary syndrome: a pilot study. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:8055-61. [PMID: 25234649 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic condition is known to play an important role in the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and understanding mechanism of hypoxic effects is essential to develop new treatment strategies for ACS. Based on the phenotypic features of cardiovascular diseases, it is claimed that genetic factors play an important role in the development genome-wide association studies have been studied to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying heritable and prevalent phenotype. The claim was to investigate possible roles of gene polymorphisms involving in hypoxia pathway on ACS in this pilot study. DNA samples of 100 ACS cases and 100 controls from a Department of Cardiology, Istanbul University, were genotyped with Illumina CytoSNP-12 BeadChip 300 K Array. The additive model used for statistical analysis, and Correlation/Trend Test selected as a statistical process. It was determined different criteria for association analysis as case/control and number of plugged vessels. P value calculated with each SNP and score generated with -log10(P). Also, hypoxia pathway analysis was applied to find statistically significant genes. As a result of bioinformatic analysis, it was claimed that PIAS4 (rs735842) and VEGFA (rs699947) were the most statistically significant variants associated in hypoxia pathway analysis. Due to the information of literature, there have been no prior studies of possible interactions of hypoxia pathways the etiology of acute coroner syndromes in the same research. Detailed studies with larger sample groups are necessary to clarify the role of hypoxia in the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cahide Gokkusu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey,
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Jarajapu YPR, Hazra S, Segal M, LiCalzi S, Jhadao C, Qian K, Mitter SK, Raizada MK, Boulton ME, Grant MB. Vasoreparative dysfunction of CD34+ cells in diabetic individuals involves hypoxic desensitization and impaired autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93965. [PMID: 24713821 PMCID: PMC3979711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that endothelial progenitor cells derived from individuals with diabetes would exhibit functional defects including inability to respond to hypoxia and altered paracrine/autocrine function that would impair the angiogenic potential of these cells. Circulating mononuclear cells isolated from diabetic (n = 69) and nondiabetic (n = 46) individuals were used to grow endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC), early endothelial progenitor cells (eEPCs) and isolate CD34+ cells. ECFCs and eEPCs were established from only 15% of the diabetic individuals tested thus directing our main effort toward examination of CD34+ cells. CD34+ cells were plated in basal medium to obtain cell-free conditioned medium (CM). In CM derived from CD34+ cells of diabetic individuals (diabetic-CM), the levels of stem cell factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and thrombopoietin were lower, and IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) levels were higher than CM derived from nondiabetic individuals (nondiabetic-CM). Hypoxia did not upregulate HIF1α in CD34+ cells of diabetic origin. Migration and proliferation of nondiabetic CD34+ cells toward diabetic-CM were lower compared to nondiabetic-CM. Attenuation of pressure-induced constriction, potentiation of bradykinin relaxation, and generation of cGMP and cAMP in arterioles were observed with nondiabetic-CM, but not with diabetic-CM. Diabetic-CM failed to induce endothelial tube formation from vascular tissue. These results suggest that diabetic subjects with microvascular complications exhibit severely limited capacity to generate ex-vivo expanded endothelial progenitor populations and that the vasoreparative dysfunction observed in diabetic CD34+ cells is due to impaired autocrine/paracrine function and reduced sensitivity to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagna P. R. Jarajapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sugata Hazra
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mark Segal
- Department of Nephrology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sergio LiCalzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Chandra Jhadao
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kevin Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sayak K. Mitter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mohan K. Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Azizi G, Boghozian R, Mirshafiey A. The potential role of angiogenic factors in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 17:369-83. [PMID: 24467605 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important phenomenon in the pathogenesis of some diseases, such as numerous types of tumors and autoimmunity, and also a number of soluble and cell-bound factors may stimulate neovascularization in inflammatory reaction processes. Here, by highlighting the significance of angiogenesis reaction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we will mainly focus on the role of various growth factors, cytokines, enzymes, cells, hypoxic conditions and transcription factors in the angiogenic process and we will then explain some therapeutic strategies based on blockage of angiogenesis and modification of the vascular pathology in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Azizi
- Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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35
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Nevo O, Lee DK, Caniggia I. Attenuation of VEGFR-2 expression by sFlt-1 and low oxygen in human placenta. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81176. [PMID: 24260556 PMCID: PMC3834253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), the primary receptor for VEGF, is crucial for normal endothelial function. sFlt-1, a truncated and soluble form of VEGFR-1 which binds and inhibits VEGF, is increased in preeclampsia and is positively regulated by low oxygen. Here, we investigated the effects of sFlt-1 and hypoxia on VEGFR-2 expression and signaling in the human placenta. VEGFR-2 transcript and protein levels were significantly decreased in preeclamptic placentae compared to controls (1.82 and 1.85 fold, respectively). An inverse correlation was observed for VEGFR-2 and sFlt-1 levels in both singleton and twin placentae from patients with preeclampsia. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed co-localization of VEGFR-2 and sFlt-1 in placental vasculature and co-immunoprecipitation analyses confirmed VEGFR-2 and sFlt-1 interaction only in preeclamptic placentae compared to age-matched controls. VEGFR-2 transcript and protein levels from explants cultured in 3% O2 were significantly decreased compared to those incubated at 20% O2 (5.9 and 12.47 fold, respectively). Also, VEGFR-2 transcript levels were significantly decreased in early first trimester placentae (low oxygen environment) compared to late first trimester placentae (2.05 fold). We next explored whether sFlt-1 directly affects VEGFR-2 expression. Treatment of first trimester placental explants with sFlt-1 resulted in significantly decreased levels of VEGFR-2 (2.03 fold) and downstream signaling proteins phospho-ERK (1.60 fold) and phospho-Akt (1.64 fold). Our findings show a novel hypoxia-induced and PE-related down-regulation of VEGFR-2 in the human placenta. sFlt-1, which is known to be increased in hypoxic conditions and PE, directly attenuates VEGFR-2 expression and signaling. A direct interaction between sFlt-1 and VEGFR-2 may represent an important mechanism in VEGFR-2 regulation, inhibition of VEGFR-2-mediated processes in placentation and a novel platform to examine the onset of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Nevo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Dennis K. Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabella Caniggia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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D'Haene N, Sauvage S, Maris C, Adanja I, Le Mercier M, Decaestecker C, Baum L, Salmon I. VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 involvement in extracellular galectin-1- and galectin-3-induced angiogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67029. [PMID: 23799140 PMCID: PMC3684579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Accumulating evidence suggests that extracellular galectin-1 and galectin-3 promote angiogenesis. Increased expression of galectin-1 and/or galectin-3 has been reported to be associated with tumour progression. Thus, it is critical to identify their influence on angiogenesis. METHODS We examined the individual and combined effects of galectin-1 and galectin-3 on endothelial cell (EC) growth and tube formation using two EC lines, EA.hy926 and HUVEC. The activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) was determined by ELISA and Western blots. We evaluated the VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 levels in endosomes by proximity ligation assay. RESULTS We observed different responses to exogenous galectins depending on the EC line. An enhanced effect on EA.hy926 cell growth and tube formation was observed when both galectins were added together. Focusing on this enhanced effect, we observed that together galectins induced the phosphorylation of both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, whereas galectin-1 and -3 alone induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation only. In the same way, the addition of a blocking VEGFR1 antibody completely abolished the increase in tube formation induced by the combined addition of both galectins. In contrast, the addition of a blocking VEGFR2 antibody only partially inhibited this effect. Finally, the addition of both galectins induced a decrease in the VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 endocytic pools, with a significantly enhanced effect on the VEGFR1 endocytic pool. These results suggest that the combined action of galectin-1 and galectin-3 has an enhanced effect on angiogenesis via VEGFR1 activation, which could be related to a decrease in receptor endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky D'Haene
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Calliope Maris
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Adanja
- Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Brussels School of Engineering/Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Decaestecker
- Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Brussels School of Engineering/Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- DIAPATH – Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), ULB, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Linda Baum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
- DIAPATH – Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), ULB, Gosselies, Belgium
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Hartmann S, Günther N, Biehl M, Katzer A, Kuger S, Worschech E, Sukhorukov VL, Krohne G, Zimmermann H, Flentje M, Djuzenova CS. Hsp90 inhibition by NVP-AUY922 and NVP-BEP800 decreases migration and invasion of irradiated normoxic and hypoxic tumor cell lines. Cancer Lett 2013; 331:200-10. [PMID: 23340178 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the impact of Hsp90 inhibitors NVP-AUY922 and NVP-BEP800 in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) on the migration and invasion of lung carcinoma A549 and glioblastoma SNB19 cells, under normoxia or hypoxia. Independent of oxygen concentration, both drugs decreased the migration and invasion rates of non-irradiated tumor cells. Combined drug-IR treatment under hypoxia inhibited cell invasion to a greater extent than did each treatment alone. Decreased migration of cells correlated with altered expression of several matrix-associated proteins (FAK/p-FAK, Erk2, RhoA) and impaired F-actin modulation. The anti-metastatic efficacy of the Hsp90 inhibitors could be useful in combinational therapies of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hartmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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38
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Gamma-secretase inhibitor DAPT suppresses glioblastoma growth via uncoupling of tumor vessel density from vessel function. Clin Exp Med 2012; 13:271-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-012-0203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Latham AM, Odell AF, Mughal NA, Issitt T, Ulyatt C, Walker JH, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Ponnambalam S. A biphasic endothelial stress-survival mechanism regulates the cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor A. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2297-311. [PMID: 22796052 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is an essential cytokine that regulates endothelial function and angiogenesis. VEGF-A binding to endothelial receptor tyrosine kinases such as VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 triggers cellular responses including survival, proliferation and new blood vessel sprouting. Increased levels of a soluble VEGFR1 splice variant (sFlt-1) correlate with endothelial dysfunction in pathologies such as pre-eclampsia; however the cellular mechanism(s) underlying the regulation and function of sFlt-1 are unclear. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a biphasic stress response in endothelial cells, using serum deprivation as a model of endothelial dysfunction. The early phase is characterized by a high VEGFR2:sFlt-1 ratio, which is reversed in the late phase. A functional consequence is a short-term increase in VEGF-A-stimulated intracellular signaling. In the late phase, sFlt-1 is secreted and deposited at the extracellular matrix. We hypothesized that under stress, increased endothelial sFlt-1 levels reduce VEGF-A bioavailability: VEGF-A treatment induces sFlt-1 expression at the cell surface and VEGF-A silencing inhibits sFlt-1 anchorage to the extracellular matrix. Treatment with recombinant sFlt-1 inhibits VEGF-A-stimulated in vitro angiogenesis and sFlt-1 silencing enhances this process. In this response, increased VEGFR2 levels are regulated by the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and PKB/Akt signaling pathways and increased sFlt-1 levels by the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. We conclude that during serum withdrawal, cellular sensing of environmental stress modulates sFlt-1 and VEGFR2 levels, regulating VEGF-A bioavailability and ensuring cell survival takes precedence over cell proliferation and migration. These findings may underpin an important mechanism contributing to endothelial dysfunction in pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony M Latham
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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40
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Immunohistochemical biomarkers in gastric cancer research and management. Int J Surg Oncol 2012; 2012:868645. [PMID: 22778942 PMCID: PMC3388584 DOI: 10.1155/2012/868645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer still represents a major health problem, despite a decrease in its incidence in the last years. Due to the social impact of gastric cancer (GC), there is a need for novel biomarkers in order to stratify patients into appropriate screening, surveillance, or treatment programs. Although histopathology remains the most reliable and less expensive method, numerous efforts have been made searching for novel biomarkers. In recent years, several molecules have been identified and tested for their clinical relevance in GC management. In this paper, we will focus on a well-known GC marker, whose determination is mandatory in GC, HER2, a marker whose correlation with prognosis is still controversial (VEGF-A) and a quite novel, unconventional marker, the ether-à-go-go-related gene 1 (hERG1). All these proteins can be easily detected with immunohistochemistry, a technique widely used both in diagnostic and research laboratories that represents a link between surgical and molecular pathology, basic science, and clinical medicine.
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Herz K, Heinemann JC, Hesse M, Ottersbach A, Geisen C, Fuegemann CJ, Röll W, Fleischmann BK, Wenzel D. Live monitoring of small vessels during development and disease using the flt-1 promoter element. Basic Res Cardiol 2012; 107:257. [PMID: 22382299 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-012-0257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vessel formation is of critical importance for organ function in the normal and diseased state. In particular, the labeling and quantitation of small vessels prove to be technically challenging using current approaches. We have, therefore, established a transgenic embryonic stem (ES) cell line and a transgenic mouse model where the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR-1 (flt-1) promoter drives the expression of the live reporter eGFP. Fluorescence microscopy and immunostainings revealed endothelial-specific eGFP labeling of vascular networks. The expression pattern recapitulates that of the endogenous flt-1 gene, because small and large vessels are labeled by eGFP during embryonic development; after birth, the expression becomes more restricted to small vessels. We have explored this in the cardiovascular system more in detail and found that all small vessels and capillaries within the heart are strongly eGFP+. In addition, myocardial injuries have been induced in transgenic mice and prominent vascular remodeling, and an increase in endothelial cell area within the peri-infarct area could be observed underscoring the utility of this mouse model. Thus, the transgenic flt-1/eGFP models are powerful tools to investigate and quantify vascularization in vivo and to probe the effect of different compounds on vessel formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Herz
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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Barajas‐Espinosa A, Ni NC, Yan D, Zarini S, Murphy RC, Funk CD. The cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor mediates retinal edema and pathological neovascularization in a murine model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy. FASEB J 2011; 26:1100-9. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-195792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Barajas‐Espinosa
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Nathan C. Ni
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Simona Zarini
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Colorado–DenverAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Robert C. Murphy
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Colorado–DenverAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Colin D. Funk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
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