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Garfa Traoré M, Roccio F, Miceli C, Ferri G, Parisot M, Cagnard N, Lhomme M, Dupont N, Benmerah A, Saunier S, Delous M. Fluid shear stress triggers cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake in inner medullary collecting duct cells, independently of nephrocystin-1 and nephrocystin-4. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1254691. [PMID: 37916190 PMCID: PMC10616263 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1254691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal epithelial cells are subjected to fluid shear stress of urine flow. Several cellular structures act as mechanosensors-the primary cilium, microvilli and cell adhesion complexes-that directly relay signals to the cytoskeleton to regulate various processes including cell differentiation and renal cell functions. Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an autosomal recessive tubulointerstitial nephropathy leading to end-stage kidney failure before adulthood. NPHP1 and NPHP4 are the major genes which code for proteins that form a complex at the transition zone of the primary cilium, a crucial region required for the maintenance of the ciliary composition integrity. These two proteins also interact with signaling components and proteins associated with the actin cytoskeleton at cell junctions. Due to their specific subcellular localization, we wondered whether NPHP1 and NPHP4 could ensure mechanosensory functions. Using a microfluidic set up, we showed that murine inner medullary collecting ductal cells invalidated for Nphp1 or Nphp4 are more responsive to immediate shear exposure with a fast calcium influx, and upon a prolonged shear condition, an inability to properly regulate cilium length and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Following a transcriptomic study highlighting shear stress-induced gene expression changes, we showed that prolonged shear triggers both cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and uptake, processes that do not seem to involve neither NPHP1 nor NPHP4. To conclude, our study allowed us to determine a moderate role of NPHP1 and NPHP4 in flow sensation, and to highlight a new signaling pathway induced by shear stress, the cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake pathways, which would allow cells to cope with mechanical stress by strengthening their plasma membrane through the supply of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Garfa Traoré
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Disease, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Cell Imaging Platform, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Federica Roccio
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Caterina Miceli
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Ferri
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Disease, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Parisot
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Bioinformatic Platform, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- ICAN Omics, IHU ICAN Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dupont
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Disease, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Disease, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marion Delous
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Disease, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Chattaraj B, Khanal P, Nandi A, Das A, Sharma A, Mitra S, Dey YN. Network pharmacology and molecular modelling study of Enhydra fluctuans for the prediction of the molecular mechanisms involved in the amelioration of nephrolithiasis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15400-15410. [PMID: 36914227 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2189476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
In view of the ethno medicinal use of Enhydra fluctuans for the treatment of kidney stones; the present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the amelioration of nephrolithiasis through a network pharmacology approach. The phytoconstituents were queried in DIGEP-Pred to identify the regulated proteins. The modulated proteins were then enriched in the STRING to predict the protein-protein interactions and the probably regulated pathways were traced in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Further, the network was constructed using Cytoscape ver 3.5.1. Results showed that β-carotene was found to be regulating maximum targets i.e. 26. In addition, 63 proteins were triggered by the components in which the vitamin D receptor was targeted by the maximum phytoconstituents i.e. 16. The enrichment analysis identified the regulation of 67 pathways in which fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis-associated pathways (KEGG entry hsa05418) regulated ten genes. Further, protein kinase C-α was traced in 23 different pathways. In addition, the majority of the regulated genes were identified from the extracellular space via the modulation of 43 genes. Also, nuclear receptor activity had the maximum molecular function via the regulation of 7 genes. Likewise, the response to organic substance was predicted to trigger the top genes i.e. 43. In contrast, Stigmasterol, Baicalein-7-o-glucoside, and Kauran-16-ol were found to have a high affinity to bind with the VDR receptor confirmed by the molecular modelling and the dynamics. Hence, the study elucidated the probable molecular mechanisms of E. fluctuans in managing nephrolithiasis and identified the lead molecules, their targets, and possible pathways.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bornika Chattaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology, Nitte Gulabi Shetty Memorial Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), NITTE University, Mangalore, India
| | - Arijit Nandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Anwesha Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Anuppur, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Soumya Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Yadu Nandan Dey
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
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Kim K, Jeong B, Lee YM, Son HE, Ryu JY, Park S, Jeong JC, Chin HJ, Kim S. Three-Dimensional Kidney-on-a-Chip Assessment of Contrast-Induced Kidney Injury: Osmolality and Viscosity. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050688. [PMID: 35630155 PMCID: PMC9146534 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased viscosity of concentrated contrast media (CM) in the renal tubules can perturb renal hemodynamics and have a detrimental effect on tubular epithelial cells. However, the effects of viscosity on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remain poorly understood. Conventional in vitro culture studies do not reflect the rheological properties of CM. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CM viscosity on renal tubules using a kidney-on-a-chip and two different types of CM. Renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) were cultured in a three-dimensional microfluidic culture platform under bidirectional fluid shear stress. We treated the RPTEC with two types of CM: low- (LOCM, iopromide) and iso-osmolar contrast media (IOCM, iodixanol). Renal tubular cell injury induced by LOCM and IOCM was examined under different iodine concentrations (50–250 mgI/mL) and shear-stress conditions. LOCM showed a significant dose-dependent cytotoxic effect, which was significantly higher than that of IOCM under static and low-to-moderate shear stress conditions. However, high shear-stress resulted in reduced cell viability in IOCM; no difference between IOCM and LOCM was found under high shear-stress conditions. The cytotoxic effects were pronounced at a mean shear stress of 1 dyn/cm2 or higher. The high viscosity of IOCM slowed the fluid flow rate and augmented fluid shear-stress. We suggest an alternative in vitro model of CIN using the three-dimensional kidney-on-a-chip. Our results indicate a vital role of viscosity-induced nephrotoxicity under high shear-stress conditions, contrary to the findings of conventional in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipyo Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea;
| | - Beomgyun Jeong
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea;
| | - Yun-Mi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Hyung-Eun Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Ji-Young Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Seokwoo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Ho Jun Chin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-M.L.); (H.-E.S.); (J.-Y.R.); (S.P.); (J.C.J.); (H.J.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-787-7051; Fax: +82-31-787-4052
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Role of Shear Stress on Renal Proximal Tubular Cells for Nephrotoxicity Assays. J Toxicol 2021; 2021:6643324. [PMID: 33976696 PMCID: PMC8084667 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6643324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity causes huge morbidity and mortality at massive financial cost. The greatest burden of drug-induced acute kidney injury falls on the proximal tubular cells. To maintain their structure and function, renal proximal tubular cells need the shear stress from tubular fluid flow. Diverse techniques to reintroduce shear stress have been studied in a variety of proximal tubular like cell culture models. These studies often have limited replicates because of the huge cost of equipment and do not report all relevant parameters to allow reproduction and comparison of studies between labs. This review codifies the techniques used to reintroduce shear stress, the cell lines utilized, and the biological outcomes reported. Further, we propose a set of interventions to enhance future cell biology understanding of nephrotoxicity using cell culture models.
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Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Ayuso JM, Gong MM, Humayun M, Livingston MK, Lugo-Cintrón KM, McMinn P, Álvarez-García YR, Beebe DJ. Microfluidic lumen-based systems for advancing tubular organ modeling. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6402-6442. [PMID: 32760967 PMCID: PMC7521761 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00705f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic lumen-based systems are microscale models that recapitulate the anatomy and physiology of tubular organs. These technologies can mimic human pathophysiology and predict drug response, having profound implications for drug discovery and development. Herein, we review progress in the development of microfluidic lumen-based models from the 2000s to the present. The core of the review discusses models for mimicking blood vessels, the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, renal tubules, and liver sinusoids, and their application to modeling organ-specific diseases. We also highlight emerging application areas, such as the lymphatic system, and close the review discussing potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - José M Ayuso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA and Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Max M Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Trine University, Angola, IN, USA
| | - Mouhita Humayun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karina M Lugo-Cintrón
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrick McMinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yasmín R Álvarez-García
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Wilmer MJ, Ng CP, Lanz HL, Vulto P, Suter-Dick L, Masereeuw R. Kidney-on-a-Chip Technology for Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity Screening. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 34:156-170. [PMID: 26708346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Improved model systems to predict drug efficacy, interactions, and drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI) are crucially needed in drug development. Organ-on-a-chip technology is a suitable in vitro system because it reproduces the 3D microenvironment. A kidney-on-a-chip can mimic the structural, mechanical, transport, absorptive, and physiological properties of the human kidney. In this review we address the application of state-of-the-art microfluidic culturing techniques, with a focus on culturing kidney proximal tubules, that are promising for the detection of biomarkers that predict drug interactions and DIKI. We also discuss high-throughput screening and the challenges for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) that will need to be overcome for successful implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J Wilmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, HB 6500 The Netherlands.
| | - Chee Ping Ng
- MIMETAS BV, JH Oortweg 19, Leiden, CH, 2333 The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Vulto
- MIMETAS BV, JH Oortweg 19, Leiden, CH, 2333 The Netherlands
| | - Laura Suter-Dick
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht, CG 3584 The Netherlands
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Maggiorani D, Dissard R, Belloy M, Saulnier-Blache JS, Casemayou A, Ducasse L, Grès S, Bellière J, Caubet C, Bascands JL, Schanstra JP, Buffin-Meyer B. Shear Stress-Induced Alteration of Epithelial Organization in Human Renal Tubular Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131416. [PMID: 26146837 PMCID: PMC4493045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubular epithelial cells in the kidney are continuously exposed to urinary fluid shear stress (FSS) generated by urine movement and recent in vitro studies suggest that changes of FSS could contribute to kidney injury. However it is unclear whether FSS alters the epithelial characteristics of the renal tubule. Here, we evaluated in vitro and in vivo the influence of FSS on epithelial characteristics of renal proximal tubular cells taking the organization of junctional complexes and the presence of the primary cilium as markers of epithelial phenotype. Human tubular cells (HK-2) were subjected to FSS (0.5 Pa) for 48h. Control cells were maintained under static conditions. Markers of tight junctions (Claudin-2, ZO-1), Par polarity complex (Pard6), adherens junctions (E-Cadherin, β-Catenin) and the primary cilium (α-acetylated Tubulin) were analysed by quantitative PCR, Western blot or immunocytochemistry. In response to FSS, Claudin-2 disappeared and ZO-1 displayed punctuated and discontinuous staining in the plasma membrane. Expression of Pard6 was also decreased. Moreover, E-Cadherin abundance was decreased, while its major repressors Snail1 and Snail2 were overexpressed, and β-Catenin staining was disrupted along the cell periphery. Finally, FSS subjected-cells exhibited disappeared primary cilium. Results were confirmed in vivo in a uninephrectomy (8 months) mouse model where increased FSS induced by adaptive hyperfiltration in remnant kidney was accompanied by both decreased epithelial gene expression including ZO-1, E-cadherin and β-Catenin and disappearance of tubular cilia. In conclusion, these results show that proximal tubular cells lose an important number of their epithelial characteristics after long term exposure to FSS both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the changes in urinary FSS associated with nephropathies should be considered as potential insults for tubular cells leading to disorganization of the tubular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Maggiorani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases - I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Dissard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases - I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Marcy Belloy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases - I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Saulnier-Blache
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases - I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Casemayou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases - I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Ducasse
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases - I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandra Grès
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases - I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Bellière
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases - I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Caubet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases - I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases - I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Joost P. Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases - I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - Bénédicte Buffin-Meyer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases - I2MC, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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Zhou X, Zhang L, Ji WJ, Yuan F, Guo ZZ, Pang B, Luo T, Liu X, Zhang WC, Jiang TM, Zhang Z, Li YM. Variation in dietary salt intake induces coordinated dynamics of monocyte subsets and monocyte-platelet aggregates in humans: implications in end organ inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60332. [PMID: 23593194 PMCID: PMC3617205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte activation and tissue infiltration are quantitatively associated with high-salt intake induced target organ inflammation. We hypothesized that high-salt challenge would induce the expansion of CD14++CD16+ monocytes, one of the three monocyte subsets with a pro-inflammatory phenotype, that is associated with target organ inflammation in humans. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A dietary intervention study was performed in 20 healthy volunteers, starting with a 3-day usual diet and followed with a 7-day high-salt diet (≥15 g NaCl/day), and a 7-day low-salt diet (≤5 g NaCl/day). The amounts of three monocyte subsets ("classical" CD14++CD16-, "intermediate" CD14++CD16+ and "non-classical" CD14+CD16++) and their associations with monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPAs) were measured by flow cytometry. Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) was used to evaluate renal hypoxia. Switching to a high-salt diet resulted in CD14++ monocyte activation and a rapid expansion of CD14++CD16+ subset and MPAs, with a reciprocal decrease in the percentages of CD14++CD16- and CD14+CD16++ subsets. In vitro study using purified CD14++ monocytes revealed that elevation in extracellular [Na(+)] could lead to CD14++CD16+ expansion via a ROS dependent manner. In addition, high-salt intake was associated with progressive hypoxia in the renal medulla (increased R2* signal) and enhanced urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) excretion, indicating a temporal and spatial correlation between CD14++CD16+ subset and renal inflammation. The above changes could be completely reversed by a low-salt diet, whereas blood pressure levels remained unchanged during dietary intervention. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present work demonstrates that short-term increases in dietary salt intake could induce the expansion of CD14++CD16+ monocytes, as well as an elevation of MPAs, which might be the underlying cellular basis of high-salt induced end organ inflammation and potential thromboembolic risk. In addition, this process seems largely unrelated to changes in blood pressure levels. This finding provides novel links between dietary salt intake, innate immunity and end organ inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Jie Ji
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- MRI Department, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao-Zeng Guo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Tie-Min Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
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Gonzalez J, Essig M, Klein J, Caubet C, Dissard R, Bascands JL, Schanstra JP, Buffin-Meyer B. [Renal urinary shear stress: a novel actor in nephropathies]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:279-85. [PMID: 23544382 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2013293014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of fluid shear stress is well established in vascular pathophysiology. However, urinary shear stress now also appears as a key mechanism in the regulation of renal function. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence showing that modified urinary shear stress is involved in the development of nephropathies. Therefore we review here the state-of-the-art on the pathophysiological roles of urinary shear stress.
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10
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Grabias BM, Konstantopoulos K. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis are mutually exclusive reponses in shear-activated proximal tubular epithelial cells. FASEB J 2012; 26:4131-41. [PMID: 22744866 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-207324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is thought to be a direct consequence of dedifferentiation of resident epithelial cells via an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Increased glomerular flow is a critical initiator of fibrogenesis. Yet, the responses of proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) to fluid flow remain uncharacterized. Here, we investigate the effects of pathological shear stresses on the development of fibrosis in PTECs. Our data reveal that type I collagen accumulation in shear-activated PTECs is accompanied by a ∼40-60% decrease in cell motility, thus excluding EMT as a relevant pathological process. In contrast, static incubation of PTECs with TGFβ1 increases cell motility by ∼50%, and induces stable expression of key mesenchymal markers, including Snail1, N-cadherin, and vimentin. Ectopic expression of TGFβ1 in shear-activated PTECs fails to induce EMT-associated changes but abrogates collagen accumulation via SMAD2-dependent mechanisms. Shear-mediated inhibition of EMT occurs via cyclic oscillations in both ERK2 activity and downstream expression of EMT genes. A constitutive ERK2 mutant induces stable expression of Snail1, N-cadherin, and vimentin, and increases cell motility in shear-activated PTECs by 250% without concomitant collagen deposition. Collectively, our data reveal that RF not only occurs without EMT but also that these two responses represent mutually exclusive cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Grabias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, New Engineering Bldg. 114, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Miravète M, Dissard R, Klein J, Gonzalez J, Caubet C, Pecher C, Pipy B, Bascands JL, Mercier-Bonin M, Schanstra JP, Buffin-Meyer B. Renal tubular fluid shear stress facilitates monocyte activation toward inflammatory macrophages. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 302:F1409-17. [PMID: 22419690 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00409.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified urinary fluid shear stress (FSS) induced by variations of urinary fluid flow and composition is observed in early phases of most kidney diseases. Recently, we reported that renal tubular FSS promotes endothelial cell activation and subsequent adhesion of human monocytes, thereby suggesting that changes in urinary FSS can induce the development of inflammation (Miravète M, Klein J, Besse-Patin A, Gonzalez J, Pecher C, Bascands JL, Mercier-Bonin M, Schanstra JP, Buffin-Meyer B, BBRC 407: 813-817, 2011). Here, we evaluated the influence of tubular FSS on monocytes as they play an important role in the progression of inflammation in nephropathies. Human renal tubular cells (HK-2) were exposed to FSS 0.01 Pa for 30 min or 5 h. Treatment of human THP-1 monocytes with the resulting conditioned medium (FSS-CM) modified the expression of macrophage differentiation markers, suggesting differentiation toward the inflammatory M1-type macrophage. The effect was confirmed in freshly isolated human monocytes. In contrast to endothelial cells, the activation of monocytes by FSS-CM did not require TNF-α. Cytokine array analysis of FSS-CM showed that FSS modified secretion of cytokines by HK-2 cells, particularly by increasing secretion of TGF-β and by decreasing secretion of C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Neutralization of TGF-β or CCL2 supplementation attenuated the effect of FSS-CM on macrophage differentiation. Finally, FSS-injured HK-2 cells expressed and secreted early biomarkers of tubular damage such as kidney injury molecule 1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. In conclusion, changes in urinary FSS should now also be considered as potential insults for tubular cells that initiate/perpetuate interstitial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Miravète
- INSERM U1048/I2MC-Equipe 12, 2Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Instituteof Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1 Av. Jean Poulhès, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Rajashekhar G, Gupta A, Marin A, Friedrich J, Willuweit A, Berg DT, Cramer MS, Sandusky GE, Sutton TA, Basile DP, Grinnell BW, Clauss M. Soluble thrombomodulin reduces inflammation and prevents microalbuminuria induced by chronic endothelial activation in transgenic mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 302:F703-12. [PMID: 22129968 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00558.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease pathogenesis involves both tubular and vascular injuries. Despite abundant investigations to identify the risk factors, the involvement of chronic endothelial dysfunction in developing nephropathies is insufficiently explored. Previously, soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), a cofactor in the activation of protein C, has been shown to protect endothelial function in models of acute kidney injury. In this study, the role for sTM in treating chronic kidney disease was explored by employing a mouse model of chronic vascular activation using endothelial-specific TNF-α-expressing (tie2-TNF) mice. Analysis of kidneys from these mice after 3 mo showed no apparent phenotype, whereas 6-mo-old mice demonstrated infiltration of CD45-positive leukocytes accompanied by upregulated gene expression of inflammatory chemokines, markers of kidney injury, and albuminuria. Intervention with murine sTM with biweekly subcutaneous injections during this window of disease development between months 3 and 6 prevented the development of kidney pathology. To better understand the mechanisms of these findings, we determined whether sTM could also prevent chronic endothelial cell activation in vitro. Indeed, treatment with sTM normalized increased chemokines, adhesion molecule expression, and reduced transmigration of monocytes in continuously activated TNF-expressing endothelial cells. Our results suggest that vascular inflammation associated with vulnerable endothelium can contribute to loss in renal function as suggested by the tie2-TNF mice, a unique model for studying the role of vascular activation and inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, the ability to restore the endothelial balance by exogenous administration of sTM via downregulation of specific adhesion molecules and chemokines suggests a potential for therapeutic intervention in kidney disease associated with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangaraju Rajashekhar
- Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, IU School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut St., Med. Lib./Rm. IB442B, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Kim D, Lin YS, Haynes CL. On-chip evaluation of shear stress effect on cytotoxicity of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8377-82. [PMID: 22032307 DOI: 10.1021/ac202115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, nanotoxicity in the bloodstream was modeled, and the cytotoxicity of sub-50 nm mesoporous silica nanoparticles to human endothelial cells was investigated under microfluidic flow conditions. Compared to traditional in vitro cytotoxicity assays performed under static conditions, unmodified mesoporous silica nanoparticles show higher and shear stress-dependent toxicity to endothelial cells under flow conditions. Interestingly, even under flow conditions, highly organo-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles show no significant toxicity to endothelial cells. This paper clearly demonstrates that shear stress is an important factor to be considered in in vitro nanotoxicology assessments and provides a simple device for pursuing this consideration.
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