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Dohle E, Schmeinck L, Parkhoo K, Sader R, Ghanaati S. Platelet rich fibrin as a bioactive matrix with proosteogenic and proangiogenic properties on human healthy primary cells in vitro. Platelets 2024; 35:2316744. [PMID: 38390838 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2316744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Blood concentrates like platelet rich fibrin (PRF) have been established as a potential autologous source of cells and growth factors with regenerative properties in the field of dentistry and regenerative medicine. To further analyze the effect of PRF on bone tissue regeneration, this study investigated the influence of liquid PRF matrices on human healthy primary osteoblasts (pOB) and co-cultures composed of pOB and human dermal vascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) as in vitro model for bone tissue regeneration. Special attention was paid to the PRF mediated influence on osteoblastic differentiation and angiogenesis. Based on the low-speed centrifugation concept, cells were treated indirectly with PRF prepared with a low (44 g) and high relative centrifugal force (710 g) before the PRF mediated effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation was assessed via gene and protein expression analyses and immunofluorescence. The results revealed a PRF-mediated positive effect on osteogenic proliferation and differentiation accompanied by increased concentration of osteogenic growth factors and upregulated expression of osteogenic differentiation factors. Furthermore, it could be shown that PRF treatment resulted in an increased formation of angiogenic structures in a bone tissue mimic co-culture of endothelial cells and osteoblasts induced by the PRF mediated increased release of proangiogenic growth factors. The effects on osteogenic proliferation, differentiation and vascularization were more evident when low RCF PRF was applied to the cells. In conclusion, PRF possess proosteogenic, potentially osteoconductive as well as proangiogenic properties, making it a beneficial tool for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dohle
- FORM, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lena Schmeinck
- FORM, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kamelia Parkhoo
- FORM, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Sader
- FORM, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shahram Ghanaati
- FORM, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Dai M, Lin X, Hua P, Wang S, Sun X, Tang C, Zhang C, Liu L. Antibacterial sequential growth factor delivery from alginate/gelatin methacryloyl microspheres for bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133557. [PMID: 38955293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Autologous or allogeneic bone tissue grafts remain the mainstay of treatment for clinical bone defects. However, the risk of infection and donor scarcity in bone grafting pose challenges to the process. Therefore, the development of excellent biomaterial grafts is of great clinical importance for the repair of bone defects. In this study, we used gas-assisted microfluidics to construct double-cross-linked hydrogel microspheres with good biological function based on the ionic cross-linking of Cu2+ with alginate and photo-cross-linking of gelatin methacryloylamide (GelMA) by loading vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and His-tagged bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) (AGMP@VEGF&BMP2). The Cu2+ component in the microspheres showed good antibacterial and drug-release behavior, whereas VEGF and BMP2 effectively promoted angiogenesis and bone tissue repair. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, the dual cross-linked hydrogel microspheres showed good biological function and biocompatibility. These results demonstrate that AGMP@VEGF&BMP2 microspheres could be used as a bone defect graft substitute to promote effective healing of bone defects and may be applied to other tissue engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghai Dai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Xiufei Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Peng Hua
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Simeng Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Xiaoliang Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Chengxuan Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China; Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou 325200, China.
| | - Liangle Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China.
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Wang L, Chen Z, Chen D, Kan B, He Y, Cai H. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase promotes cell proliferation by regulating gene expression and alternative splicing profiles in HeLa cells. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:145. [PMID: 36936029 PMCID: PMC10018273 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), an essential enzyme involved in the mevalonate pathway, is implicated in various diseases, including multiple types of cancer. As an RNA-binding protein (RBP), FDPS is also involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. However, to the best of our knowledge, transcriptome-wide targets of FDPS still remain unknown. In the present study, FDPS expression patterns in pan-cancer were analyzed. In addition, it was investigated how FDPS overexpression (FDPS-OE) regulates the transcriptome in HeLa cells. FDPS-OE increased the proliferation rate in HeLa cells by MTT assay. Using transcriptome-wide high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, it was found that FDPS upregulated the expression levels of genes enriched in cell proliferation and extracellular matrix organization, including the laminin subunit γ2, interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats 2 and matrix metallopeptidase 19 genes. According to alternative splicing (AS) analysis, FDPS modulated the splicing patterns of the bone morphogenic protein 1, semaphorin 4D, annexin A2 and sirtuin 2 genes, which are enriched in the cell cycle and DNA repair, and are related to cell proliferation. To corroborate the FDPS-regulated transcriptome findings, FDPS was overexpressed in human osteosarcoma cells. Differentially expressed genes and regulated AS genes in the cells were both validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results suggested that, as an emerging RBP, FDPS may serve an important role in transcriptome profiles by altering gene expression and regulating AS. FDPS also affected the cell proliferation rate. These findings broaden the understanding of the molecular functions of FDPS, and the potential of FDPS as a target in therapy should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- ABLife BioBigData Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, P.R. China
| | - Bo Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yangfang He
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hanqing Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Hanqing Cai, Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Balasubramanian S, Perumal E. A systematic review on fluoride-induced epigenetic toxicity in mammals. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:449-468. [PMID: 36422650 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride, one of the global groundwater contaminants, is ubiquitous in our day-to-day life from various natural and anthropogenic sources. Numerous in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies are conducted to understand the effect of fluoride on biological systems. A low concentration of fluoride is reported to increase oral health, whereas chronic exposure to higher concentrations causes fluoride toxicity (fluorosis). It includes dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and fluoride toxicity in soft tissues. The mechanism of fluoride toxicity has been reviewed extensively. However, epigenetic regulation in fluoride toxicity has not been reviewed. This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge regarding fluoride-induced epigenetic toxicity in the in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies in mammalian systems. We examined four databases for the association between epigenetics and fluoride exposure. Out of 932 articles (as of 31 March 2022), 39 met our inclusion criteria. Most of the studies focused on different genes, and overall, preliminary evidence for epigenetic regulation of fluoride toxicity was identified. We further highlight the need for epigenome studies rather than candidate genes and provide recommendations for future research. Our results indicate a correlation between fluoride exposure and epigenetic processes. Further studies are warranted to elucidate and confirm the mechanism of epigenetic alterations mediated fluoride toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Li X, Zhou D, Yang D, Fu Y, Tao X, Hu X, Dai Y, Yue H. Isoquercitrin Attenuates Osteogenic Injury in MC3T3 Osteoblastic Cells and the Zebrafish Model via the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113459. [PMID: 35684398 PMCID: PMC9182080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoquercitrin (IQ) widely exists in natural products, with a variety of pharmacological activities. In this study, the anti-apoptotic and antioxidative activities of IQ were evaluated. IQ showed protective activity against 2, 2′-azobis [2-methylpropionamidine] dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced cell damage, as well as a marked reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS). The evidence of IQ regulating Keap1-Nrf2-ARE and the mitochondrial-mediated Caspase 3 pathway were found in the MC3T3 osteoblastic cell line. Furthermore, IQ significantly decreased ROS production, apoptosis, and lipid peroxidation in AAPH-treated 72 h post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish, as observed via DCFH-DA, acridine orange (AO), and a 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane (DPPP) probe, respectively. In AAPH-treated 9 day post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish, IQ strongly promoted osteogenic development, with increased concentrations by calcein staining, compared with the untreated group. In a molecular docking assay, among all signal proteins, Keap1 showed the strongest affinity with IQ at −8.6 kcal/mol, which might be the reason why IQ regulated the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway in vitro and in vivo. These results indicated that IQ promotes bone development and repairs bone injury, which is valuable for the prevention and treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yulin Dai
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-431-8676-3986 (H.Y.); Fax: +86-431-8676-3986 (H.Y.)
| | - Hao Yue
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (H.Y.); Tel.: +86-431-8676-3986 (H.Y.); Fax: +86-431-8676-3986 (H.Y.)
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RANKL Impairs the TLR4 Pathway by Increasing TRAF6 and RANK Interaction in Macrophages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7740079. [PMID: 35463988 PMCID: PMC9019442 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7740079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) are found in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes, sepsis, or septic shock and are associated with a high mortality rate in stroke. The primary known function of OPG is to bind to the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and by doing so, it inhibits the binding between RANKL and its receptor (RANK). TLR4 signaling in macrophages involves TRAF6 recruitment and contributes to low-grade chronic inflammation in adipose tissue. LPS is a classical activator of the TLR4 pathway and induces the expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. We have previously observed that in the presence of RANKL, there is no LPS-induced activation of TLR4 in macrophages. In this study, we investigated the crosstalk between RANK and TLR4 pathways in macrophages stimulated with both RANKL and LPS to unveil the role of OPG in inflammatory processes. We found that RANKL inhibits TLR4 activation by binding to RANK, promoting the binding between TRAF6 and RANK, lowering TLR4 activation and the expression of proinflammatory mediators. Furthermore, high OPG levels aggravate inflammation by inhibiting RANKL. Our findings elect RANKL as a candidate for drug development as a way to mitigate the impact of obesity-induced inflammation in patients.
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7
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Su ZP, Tian L, Shang HT, Yang Y, Lu JB, Kang YJ, He LS, Zhao JL. Experimental Study on the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1-Modified Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets to Promote Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis. Front Surg 2022; 8:786351. [PMID: 35223968 PMCID: PMC8865418 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.786351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe present study aims to increase the concentration of genetically modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the distraction osteogenesis (DO) interstitial space and induce the conversion of BMSCs to osteoblasts to improve the osteogenic efficiency in DO and shorten the treatment period.MethodsBone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene-modified cell sheets of BMSCs were constructed by tissue engineering. Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: group A (the blank control group), group B (the GFP group) with the injection of GFP gene-modified BMSC sheets into the DO gap, and group C (the BMP-1 group) with the injection of BMP-1 gene-modified BMSC sheets into the DO gap. Rabbits in all three groups were distracted for 5 days at a distraction rate of 2.0 mm/d, once/day. After distraction, the above-mentioned cell sheet suspension was injected into the distraction gap to observe osteogenesis, which was observed by gross specimen observation, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning, and histomorphology.ResultsThe gross specimen observation showed that all animals had smooth and continuous bone cortex in the distraction region with relatively high hardness. The osteogenesis quality or hardness was ranked from the highest to the lowest, as Group C > Group B > Group A. Micro-CT and histomorphological observation revealed that group C had better maturation and bone volume of the new bone in the DO region at weeks 3 and 6 than groups B and A.ConclusionBMP-1 gene-modified BMSC sheets could effectively promote the formation of new bone during rapid DO in the mandible, compensating for the poor osteogenesis caused by rapid distraction and providing a new approach to shorten the DO treatment period in clinical practice.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 1.3 inhibition decreases scar formation and supports cardiomyocyte survival after myocardial infarction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:81. [PMID: 35013172 PMCID: PMC8748453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of ischemic heart diseases worldwide, no antibody-based treatment currently exists. Starting from the evidence that a specific isoform of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1 (BMP1.3) is particularly elevated in both patients and animal models of myocardial infarction, here we assess whether its inhibition by a specific monoclonal antibody reduces cardiac fibrosis. We find that this treatment reduces collagen deposition and cross-linking, paralleled by enhanced cardiomyocyte survival, both in vivo and in primary cultures of cardiac cells. Mechanistically, we show that the anti-BMP1.3 monoclonal antibody inhibits Transforming Growth Factor β pathway, thus reducing myofibroblast activation and inducing cardioprotection through BMP5. Collectively, these data support the therapeutic use of anti-BMP1.3 antibodies to prevent cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduce collagen deposition and preserve cardiac function after ischemia. Here the authors show that a monoclonal antibody against a soluble isoform of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1 prevents cardiac cell death, reducing fibrosis and preserving cardiac function after myocardial ischemia.
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9
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Vantourout JC, Mason AM, Yuen J, Simpson GL, Evindar G, Kuai L, Hobbs M, Edgar E, Needle S, Bai X, Wilson S, Scott-Stevens P, Traylen W, Lambert K, Young N, Bunally S, Summerfield SG, Snell R, Lad R, Shi E, Skinner S, Shewchuk L, Watson AJB, Chung CW, Pal S, Holt DA, Kallander LS, Prendergast J, Rivera K, Washburn DG, Harpel MR, Arico-Muendel C, Isidro-Llobet A. In Vivo Half-Life Extension of BMP1/TLL Metalloproteinase Inhibitors Using Small-Molecule Human Serum Albumin Binders. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:279-289. [PMID: 33523652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the required frequence of drug dosing can improve the adherence of patients to chronic treatments. Hence, drugs with longer in vivo half-lives are highly desirable. One of the most promising approaches to extend the in vivo half-life of drugs is conjugation to human serum albumin (HSA). In this work, we describe the use of AlbuBinder 1, a small-molecule noncovalent HSA binder, to extend the in vivo half-life and pharmacology of small-molecule BMP1/TLL inhibitors in humanized mice (HSA KI/KI). A series of conjugates of AlbuBinder 1 with BMP1/TLL inhibitors were prepared. In particular, conjugate c showed good solubility and a half-life extension of >20-fold versus the parent molecule in the HSA KI/KI mice, reaching half-lives of >48 h with maintained maximal inhibition of plasma BMP1/TLL. The same conjugate showed a half-life of only 3 h in the wild-type mice, suggesting that the half-life extension was principally due to specific interactions with HSA. It is envisioned that conjugation to AlbuBinder 1 should be applicable to a wide range of small molecule or peptide drugs with short half-lives. In this context, AlbuBinders represent a viable alternative to existing half-life extension technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien C Vantourout
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G11XL, U.K
| | - Andrew M Mason
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Josephine Yuen
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Graham L Simpson
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ghotas Evindar
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Letian Kuai
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Michael Hobbs
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Emma Edgar
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Saul Needle
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Steve Wilson
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Scott-Stevens
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - William Traylen
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Kim Lambert
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Neil Young
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Shenaz Bunally
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Scott G Summerfield
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Richard Snell
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rakesh Lad
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Eric Shi
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Steven Skinner
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Lisa Shewchuk
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | | | - Chun-Wa Chung
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Sandeep Pal
- GlaxoSmithKline U.K., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Dennis A Holt
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Lara S Kallander
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Joanne Prendergast
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Katrina Rivera
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David G Washburn
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mark R Harpel
- GlaxoSmithKline US, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
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Grgurevic L, Erjavec I, Gupta M, Pecin M, Bordukalo-Niksic T, Stokovic N, Vnuk D, Farkas V, Capak H, Milosevic M, Bubic Spoljar J, Peric M, Vuckovic M, Maticic D, Windhager R, Oppermann H, Sampath TK, Vukicevic S. Autologous blood coagulum containing rhBMP6 induces new bone formation to promote anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) of spine in sheep. Bone 2020; 138:115448. [PMID: 32450340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated an autologous bone graft substitute (ABGS) composed of recombinant human BMP6 (rhBMP6) dispersed within autologous blood coagulum (ABC) used as a physiological carrier for new bone formation in spine fusion sheep models. The application of ABGS included cervical cage for use in the anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), while for the posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) sheep model allograft devitalized bone particles (ALLO) were applied with and without use of instrumentation. In the ALIF model, ABGS (rhBMP6/ABC/cage) implants fused significantly when placed in between the L4-L5 vertebrae as compared to control (ABC/cage) which appears to have a fibrocartilaginous gap, as examined by histology and micro CT analysis at 16 weeks following surgery. In the PLF model, ABGS implants with or without ALLO showed a complete fusion when placed ectopically in the gutter bilaterally between two decorticated L4-L5 transverse processes at a success rate of 88% without instrumentation and at 80% with instrumentation; however the bone volume was 50% lower in the instrumentation group than without, as examined by histology, radiographs, micro CT analyses and biomechanical testing at 27 weeks following surgery. The newly formed bone was uniform within ABGS implants resulting in a biomechanically competent and histologically qualified fusion with an optimum dose in the range of 100 μg rhBMP6 per mL ABC, while in the implants that contained ALLO, the mineralized bone particles were substituted by the newly formed remodeling bone via creeping substitution. These findings demonstrate for the first time that ABGS (rhBMP6/ABC) without and with ALLO particles induced a robust bone formation with a successful fusion in sheep models of ALIF and PLF, and that autologous blood coagulum (ABC) can serve as a preferred physiological native carrier to induce new bone at low doses of rhBMP6 and to achieve a successful spinal fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovorka Grgurevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Erjavec
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Munish Gupta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marko Pecin
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophthalmology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Bordukalo-Niksic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Stokovic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Drazen Vnuk
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophthalmology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Farkas
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Capak
- Department of Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Milan Milosevic
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Sports, School of Public Health "Andrija Stampar", University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Rockefellerova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jadranka Bubic Spoljar
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihaela Peric
- Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Vuckovic
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophthalmology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Drazen Maticic
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophthalmology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Lukač N, Katavić V, Novak S, Šućur A, Filipović M, Kalajzić I, Grčević D, Kovačić N. What do we know about bone morphogenetic proteins and osteochondroprogenitors in inflammatory conditions? Bone 2020; 137:115403. [PMID: 32371019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondroprogenitors are crucial for embryonic bone development and postnatal processes such as bone repair in response to fracture injury, and their dysfunction may contribute to insufficient repair of structural damage in inflammatory arthritides. In the fracture healing, the early inflammatory phase is crucial for normal callus development and new bone formation. This process involves a complex interplay of many molecules and cell types, responsible for recruitment, expansion and differentiation of osteochondroprogenitor populations. In inflammatory arthritides, inflammation induces bone resorption and causes insufficient bone formation, which leads to local and systemic bone loss. While bone loss is a predominant feature in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation also induces pathologic bone formation at enthesial sites in seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and have fundamental roles in maintenance of postnatal bone homeostasis. They are crucial regulators of the osteochondroprogenitor pool and drive their proliferation, differentiation, and lifespan during bone regeneration. In this review, we summarize the effects of inflammation on osteochondroprogenitor populations during fracture repair and in inflammatory arthritides, with special focus on inflammation-mediated modulation of BMP signaling. We also present data in which we describe a population of murine synovial osteochondroprogenitor cells, which are reduced in arthritis, and characterize their expression of genes involved in regulation of bone homeostasis, emphasizing the up-regulation of BMP pathways in early progenitor subset. Based on the presented data, it may be concluded that during an inflammatory response, innate immune cells induce osteochondroprogenitors by providing signals for their recruitment, by producing BMPs and other osteogenic factors for paracrine effects, and by secreting inflammatory cytokines that may positively regulate osteogenic pathways. On the other hand, inflammatory cells may secrete cytokines that interfere with osteogenic pathways, proapoptotic factors that reduce the pool of osteochondroprogenitor cells, as well as BMP and Wnt antagonists. The net effect is strongly context-dependent and influenced by the local milieu of cells, cytokines, and growth factors. Further elucidation of the interplay between inflammatory signals and BMP-mediated bone formation may provide valuable tools for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lukač
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Katavić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alan Šućur
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maša Filipović
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Kalajzić
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Danka Grčević
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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12
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Paiva KBS, Maas CS, dos Santos PM, Granjeiro JM, Letra A. Extracellular Matrix Composition and Remodeling: Current Perspectives on Secondary Palate Formation, Cleft Lip/Palate, and Palatal Reconstruction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:340. [PMID: 31921852 PMCID: PMC6923686 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial development comprises a complex process in humans in which failures or disturbances frequently lead to congenital anomalies. Cleft lip with/without palate (CL/P) is a common congenital anomaly that occurs due to variations in craniofacial development genes, and may occur as part of a syndrome, or more commonly in isolated forms (non-syndromic). The etiology of CL/P is multifactorial with genes, environmental factors, and their potential interactions contributing to the condition. Rehabilitation of CL/P patients requires a multidisciplinary team to perform the multiple surgical, dental, and psychological interventions required throughout the patient's life. Despite progress, lip/palatal reconstruction is still a major treatment challenge. Genetic mutations and polymorphisms in several genes, including extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, soluble factors, and enzymes responsible for ECM remodeling (e.g., metalloproteinases), have been suggested to play a role in the etiology of CL/P; hence, these may be considered likely targets for the development of new preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. In this context, investigations are being conducted on new therapeutic approaches based on tissue bioengineering, associating stem cells with biomaterials, signaling molecules, and innovative technologies. In this review, we discuss the role of genes involved in ECM composition and remodeling during secondary palate formation and pathogenesis and genetic etiology of CL/P. We also discuss potential therapeutic approaches using bioactive molecules and principles of tissue bioengineering for state-of-the-art CL/P repair and palatal reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiúcia Batista Silva Paiva
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clara Soeiro Maas
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pâmella Monique dos Santos
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Clinical Research Laboratory in Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Pediatric Research Center, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, UTHealth School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Vukicevic S, Grgurevic L, Erjavec I, Pecin M, Bordukalo-Niksic T, Stokovic N, Lipar M, Capak H, Maticic D, Windhager R, Sampath TK, Gupta M. Autologous blood coagulum is a physiological carrier for BMP6 to induce new bone formation and promote posterolateral lumbar spine fusion in rabbits. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:147-159. [PMID: 31671243 PMCID: PMC7027565 DOI: 10.1002/term.2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe autologous blood coagulum (ABC) as a physiological carrier for BMP6 to induce new bone formation. Recombinant human BMP6 (rhBMP6), dispersed within ABC and formed as an autologous bone graft substitute (ABGS), was evaluated either with or without allograft bone particles (ALLO) in rat subcutaneous implants and in a posterolateral lumbar fusion (PLF) model in rabbits. ABGS induced endochondral bone differentiation in rat subcutaneous implants. Coating ALLO by ABC significantly decreased the formation of multinucleated foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) in implants, as compared with ALLO alone. However, addition of rhBMP6 to ABC/ALLO induced a robust endochondral bone formation with little or no FBGCs in the implant. In rabbit PLF model, ABGS induced new bone formation uniformly within the implant resulting in a complete fusion when placed between two lumbar transverse processes in the posterolateral gutter with an optimum dose of 100‐μg rhBMP6 per ml of ABC. ABGS containing ALLO also resulted in a fusion where the ALLO was replaced by the newly formed bone via creeping substitution. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that rhBMP6, with ABC as a carrier, induced a robust bone formation with a complete spinal fusion in a rabbit PLF model. RhBMP6 was effective at low doses with ABC serving as a physiological substratum providing a permissive environment by protecting against foreign body reaction elicited by ALLO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Vukicevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovorka Grgurevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Erjavec
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Pecin
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophthalmology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Bordukalo-Niksic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Stokovic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Lipar
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophthalmology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Capak
- Department of Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Drazen Maticic
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics and Ophthalmology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Munish Gupta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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Rammal G, Fahs A, Kobeissy F, Mechref Y, Zhao J, Zhu R, Diab-Assaf M, Saab R, Ghayad SE. Proteomic Profiling of Rhabdomyosarcoma-Derived Exosomes Yield Insights into Their Functional Role in Paracrine Signaling. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3567-3579. [PMID: 31448612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are important intercellular communication vehicles, secreted into body fluids by multiple cell types, including tumor cells. They have been demonstrated to contribute to the metastatic progression of tumor cells through paracrine signaling. Tumor exosomes contain intact and functional proteins, mRNA and miRNA that may alter the cellular environment to favor tumor growth. We evaluated the protein cargo of exosomes derived from the childhood tumor rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and the molecular pathways they are implicated in to decipher their role in the progression of this aggressive disease. We conducted a mass spectrometry analysis of exosome content isolated from five RMS cell lines: three of embryonal RMS (ERMS) and two of alveolar RMS (ARMS) histology and verified results by multiple reaction monitoring and western blot analyses. Results revealed 161 common proteins in ERMS-derived exosomes and 122 common proteins in ARMS-derived exosomes, of which 81 proteins were common to both subtypes. Using both PANTHER gene classification and Pathway Studio software, we assessed the perturbed biological processes and altered pathways in which the exosomal proteins are involved. The 81 commonly expressed proteins included those involved in "cell-signaling," "cell-movement," and "cancer." Pathways engaging the identified proteins revealed 37 common pathways including "integrin signaling pathway," "inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway," and "angiogenesis." Finally, a comparison of exosomal proteins of RMS cells with publicly available datasets from other cancer cells revealed that 36 proteins are specific and endogenous to the RMS-exosomes. Taken together, our results reveal that RMS-derived exosomes carry a protein cargo that contributes to conserved cellular signaling networks across multiple cell lines, and we also identify RMS exosome-specific proteins that should be further evaluated as possible novel biomarkers for this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Lubbock 79409 , United States
| | - Jingfu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Lubbock 79409 , United States
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Lubbock 79409 , United States
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15
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Huang X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Shen L, Wang N, Xiong X, Zhang L, Cai X, Shou D. Absorption and utilisation of epimedin C and icariin from Epimedii herba, and the regulatory mechanism via the BMP2/ Runx2 signalling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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16
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Daiwile AP, Tarale P, Sivanesan S, Naoghare PK, Bafana A, Parmar D, Kannan K. Role of fluoride induced epigenetic alterations in the development of skeletal fluorosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:410-417. [PMID: 30469026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is an essential trace element required for proper bone and tooth development. Systemic high exposure to fluoride through environmental exposure (drinking water and food) may result in toxicity causing a disorder called fluorosis. In the present study, we investigated the alteration in DNA methylation profile with chronic exposure (30 days) to fluoride (8 mg/l) and its relevance in the development of fluorosis. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) was carried out in human osteosarcoma cells (HOS) exposed to fluoride. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and functional annotation of differentially methylated genes indicate alterations in methylation status of genes involved in biological processes associated with bone development pathways. Combined analysis of promoter DNA hyper methylation, STRING: functional protein association networks and gene expression analysis revealed epigenetic alterations in BMP1, METAP2, MMP11 and BACH1 genes, which plays a role in the extracellular matrix disassembly, collagen catabolic/organization process, skeletal morphogenesis/development, ossification and osteoblast development. The present study shows that fluoride causes promoter DNA hypermethylation in BMP1, METAP2, MMP11 and BACH1 genes with subsequent down-regulation in their expression level (RNA level). The results implies that fluoride induced DNA hypermethylation of these genes may hamper extracellular matrix deposition, cartilage formation, angiogenesis, vascular system development and porosity of bone, thus promote skeletal fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul P Daiwile
- Health and Toxicity Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Prashant Tarale
- Health and Toxicity Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Saravanadevi Sivanesan
- Health and Toxicity Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India.
| | - Pravin K Naoghare
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Amit Bafana
- Director's Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Krishnamurthi Kannan
- Health and Toxicity Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
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17
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Novel mutations in BMP1 induce a rare type of osteogenesis imperfecta. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 489:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Li J, Chen Y, Teng W, Wang Q. [Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by gene-loaded lipopolysaccharide-amine nanopolymersomes]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:1469-1476. [PMID: 30417627 PMCID: PMC8414119 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201804125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the ability of gene-loaded lipopolysaccharide-amine nanopolymersomes (LNPs) in inducing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by in vitro gene transfection, where LNPs were used as a non-viral cationic carrier, and their properties were optimized during synthesis. Methods LNPs were synthesized by a graft-copolymerization method, and the effects of different pH environments during synthesis on physicochemical properties of LNPs and LNPs/plasmid of bone morphogenetic protein 2-green fluorescent protein (pBMP-2-GFP) complexes were explored. Then, optimized LNPs with maximum transfection efficiency and safe cytotoxicity in rat BMSCs were identified by cytotoxicity and transfection experiments in vitro. Thereafter, the optimized LNPs were used to mediate pBMP-2-GFP to transfect rat BMSCs, and the influences of LNPs/pBMP-2-GFP on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were evaluated by monitoring the cell morphology, concentration of BMP-2 protein, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the formation of calcium nodules. Results The nitrogen content, particle size, and zeta potential of LNPs synthesized at pH 8.5 were lower than those of the other pH groups, with the lowest cytotoxicity (96.5%±1.4%) and the highest transfection efficiency (98.8%±0.1%). After transfection treatment, within the first 4 days, BMSCs treated by LNPs/pBMP-2-GFP expressed BMP-2 protein significantly higher than that treated by Lipofectamine2000 (Lipo)/pBMP-2-GFP, polyethylenimine 25K/pBMP-2-GFP, and the blank (non-treated). At 14 days after transfection, ALP activity in BMSCs treated by LNPs/pBMP-2-GFP was higher than that treated by Lipo/pBMP-2-GFP and the blank, comparable to that induced by osteogenic medium; with alizarin red staining, visible calcium nodules were found in BMSCs treated by LNPs/pBMP-2-GFP or osteogenic medium, but absent in BMSCs treated by Lipo/pBMP-2-GFP or the blank with apoptosis. At 21 days after transfection, transparent massive nodules were discovered in BMSCs treated by LNPs/pBMP-2-GFP, and BMSCs exhibited the morphologic features of osteoblasts. Conclusion LNPs synthesized at pH 8.5 has optimal transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity, they can efficiently mediate pBMP-2-GFP to transfect BMSCs, and successfully induce their directional osteogenic differentiation, whose inducing effect is comparable to the osteogenic medium. The results suggest that gene transfection mediated by LNPs may be a convenient and effective strategy in inducing directional differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation of Health Ministry, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510089, P.R.China;School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510006, P.R.China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation of Health Ministry, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510089, P.R.China
| | - Wei Teng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510060, P.R.China
| | - Qinmei Wang
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation of Health Ministry, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510089,
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Grgurevic L, Oppermann H, Pecin M, Erjavec I, Capak H, Pauk M, Karlovic S, Kufner V, Lipar M, Bubic Spoljar J, Bordukalo-Niksic T, Maticic D, Peric M, Windhager R, Sampath TK, Vukicevic S. Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 Delivered Within Autologous Blood Coagulum Restores Critical Size Segmental Defects of Ulna in Rabbits. JBMR Plus 2018; 3:e10085. [PMID: 31131338 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP2 and BMP7, which use bovine Achilles tendon-derived absorbable collagen sponge and bovine bone collagen as scaffold, respectively, have been approved as bone graft substitutes for orthopedic and dental indications. Here, we describe an osteoinductive autologous bone graft substitute (ABGS) that contains recombinant human BMP6 (rhBMP6) dispersed within autologous blood coagulum (ABC) scaffold. The ABGS is created as an injectable or implantable coagulum gel with rhBMP6 binding tightly to plasma proteins within fibrin meshwork, as examined by dot-blot assays, and is released slowly as an intact protein over 6 to 8 days, as assessed by ELISA. The biological activity of ABGS was examined in vivo in rats (Rattus norvegicus) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). In a rat subcutaneous implant assay, ABGS induced endochondral bone formation, as observed by histology and micro-CT analyses. In the rabbit ulna segmental defect model, a reproducible and robust bone formation with complete bridging and restoration of the defect was observed, which is dose dependent, as determined by radiographs, micro-CT, and histological analyses. In ABGS, ABC scaffold provides a permissive environment for bone induction and contributes to the use of lower doses of rhBMP6 compared with BMP7 in bovine bone collagen as scaffold. The newly formed bone undergoes remodeling and establishes cortices uniformly that is restricted to implant site by bridging with host bone. In summary, ABC carrier containing rhBMP6 may serve as an osteoinductive autologous bone graft substitute for several orthopedic applications that include delayed and nonunion fractures, anterior and posterior lumbar interbody fusion, trauma, and nonunions associated with neurofibromatosis type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovorka Grgurevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Marko Pecin
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics, and Ophthalmology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Igor Erjavec
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Capak
- Department of Radiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Martina Pauk
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Sven Karlovic
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Vera Kufner
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Marija Lipar
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics, and Ophthalmology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jadranka Bubic Spoljar
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Drazen Maticic
- Clinics for Surgery, Orthopedics, and Ophthalmology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Mihaela Peric
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
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Evaluation of BMP-2 Enhances the Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Amnion Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Collagen/Poly(l-Lactide). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082171. [PMID: 30044394 PMCID: PMC6122075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), human amnion mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), and nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(l-lactide) (nHAC/PLA) in tissue engineering to provide potential approaches for periodontal bone regeneration. Methods: hAMSCs were isolated from discarded amniotic membrane samples and cultured in vitro. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were performed to evaluate the osteoblast (OB) differentiation ability of hAMSCs. Three groups were divided: the experimental group (cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-rhBMP-2), the blank group (cells without gene transfection), and the control group (cells transfected with empty plasmid). RT-PCR and western blot were used to examine whether rhBMP-2 has been successfully expressed. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazol(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazo-liumromide assay (MTT) was done to detect the effect of rhBMP-2 on hAMSCs seeded on nHAC/PLA. ALP activity, mineral formation assay, calcium, phosphate and osteocalcin (OCN) content, and OCN and RUNX2 expression of hAMSCs were detected to evaluate osteogenic differentiation capability of rhBMP-2 on hAMSCs seeded on nHAC/PLA. Results: hAMSCs exhibited intense ALP staining, obvious calcium deposition, and mineralization nodules, and rhBMP-2 were highly expressed in the experimental group. The proliferation of the hAMSCs with rhBMP-2 on nHAC/PLA was significantly higher than the cells without rhBMP-2, and the cells all increased in a time-dependent manner. rhBMP-2 significantly increased the OCN and phosphate content, mineral formation, ALP activity, osteogenic biomarkers OCN, and Runx2, and decreased calcium content in hAMSCs seeded on the nHAC/PLA scaffold. Conclusions: This finding demonstrated that hAMSCs has an ideal OB differentiation ability. rhBMP-2 facilitates the proliferation and osteogenesis of hAMSCs. The nHAC/PLA could act as a good scaffold for hAMSCs seeding, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. The application of rhBMP-2, nHAC/PLA, and hAMSCs in tissue engineering may offer promising possibilities for periodontal bone regeneration.
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Song S, Zhang B, Wu S, Huang L, Ai C, Pan J, Su YC, Wang Z, Wen C. Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). Carbohydr Polym 2018; 182:207-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mokos ZB, Jović A, Grgurević L, Dumić-Čule I, Kostović K, Čeović R, Marinović B. Current Therapeutic Approach to Hypertrophic Scars. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:83. [PMID: 28676850 PMCID: PMC5476971 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal scarring and its accompanying esthetic, functional, and psychological sequelae still pose significant challe nges. To date, there is no satisfactory prevention or treatment option for hypertrophic scars (HSs), which is mostly due to not completely comprehending the mechanisms underlying their formation. That is why the apprehension of regular and controlled physiological processes of scar formation is of utmost importance when facing hypertrophic scarring, its pathophysiology, prevention, and therapeutic approach. When treating HSs and choosing the best treatment and prevention modality, physicians can choose from a plethora of therapeutic options and many commercially available products, among which currently there is no efficient option that can successfully overcome impaired skin healing. This article reviews current therapeutic approach and emerging therapeutic strategies for the management of HSs, which should be individualized, based on an evaluation of the scar itself, patients’ expectations, and practical, evidence-based guidelines. Clinicians are encouraged to combine various prevention and treatment modalities where combination therapy that includes steroid injections, 5-fluorouracil, and pulsed-dye laser seems to be the most effective. On the other hand, the current therapeutic options are usually empirical and their results are unreliable and unpredictable. Therefore, there is an unmet need for an effective, targeted therapy and prevention, which would be based on an action or a modulation of a particular factor with clarified mechanism of action that has a beneficial effect on wound healing. As the extracellular matrix has a crucial role in cellular and extracellular events that lead to pathological scarring, targeting its components mostly by regulating bone morphogenetic proteins may throw up new therapeutic approach for reduction or prevention of HSs with functionally and cosmetically acceptable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Bukvić Mokos
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamaria Jović
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovorka Grgurević
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Dumić-Čule
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešimir Kostović
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Romana Čeović
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Marinović
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Ma Z, Hu J, Yu G, Qin JG. Gene expression of bone morphogenetic proteins and jaw malformation in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus larvae in different feeding regimes. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1282371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Ma
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jing Hu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Yu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian G. Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Ma Z, Zhang N, Qin JG, Fu M, Jiang S. Water temperature induces jaw deformity and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) gene expression in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus larvae. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1475. [PMID: 27652050 PMCID: PMC5010545 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus larvae were kept at 26, 29 and 33 °C for 15 days from 3-day post hatching (DPH) to 18 DPH to test temperature-dependent growth and jaw malformation. The growth, survival, jaw deformity and the gene expressions of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were used as criteria to examine the fish response to temperature manipulation. The growth rate of fish at 29 or 33 °C was significantly faster than fish at 26 °C, while fish survival at 29 °C was significantly higher than fish at 33 °C. Jaw deformity was significantly affected by water temperature. The highest jaw deformity occurred on fish at 33 °C, and the lowest jaw deformity was at 26 °C. The expressions of all BMP genes except BMP10 were significantly affected by water temperature. The highest gene expression of BMP2 was on fish at 29 °C, and the lowest expression was at 33 °C. For the BMP4 gene, the highest and lowest expressions were found on fish at 33 and 26 °C, respectively. The present study indicates that jaw deformity of golden pompano larvae increases with increasing temperature, and the gene expression of BMP4 proteins coincides with high jaw deformity and water temperature elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Ma
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300 China ; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | - Nan Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia
| | - Mingjun Fu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | - Shigui Jiang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300 China
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Akpancar S, Tatar O, Turgut H, Akyildiz F, Ekinci S. The Current Perspectives of Stem Cell Therapy in Orthopedic Surgery. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2016; 5:e37976. [PMID: 28144608 PMCID: PMC5253188 DOI: 10.5812/atr.37976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Musculoskeletal injuries may be painful, troublesome, life limiting and also one of the global health problems. There has been considerable amount of interest during the past two decades to stem cells and tissue engineering techniques in orthopedic surgery, especially to manage special and compulsive injuries within the musculoskeletal system. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The aim of this study was to present a literature review regarding the most recent progress in stem cell procedures and current indications in orthopedics clinical care practice. The Medline and PubMed library databases were searched for the articles related with stem cell procedures in the field of orthopedic surgery and additionally the reference list of each article was also included to provide a comprehensive evaluation. RESULTS Various sources of stem cells have been studied for orthopedics clinical care practice. Stem cell therapy has successfully used for major orthopedic procedures in terms of bone-joint injuries (fractures-bone defects, nonunion, and spinal injuries), osteoarthritis-cartilage defects, ligament-tendon injuries, femoral head osteonecrosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. Stem cells have also used in bone tissue engineering in combining with the scaffolds and provided faster and better healing of tissues. CONCLUSIONS Large amounts of preclinical studies have been made of stem cells and there is an increasing interest to perform these studies within the human population but preclinical studies are insufficient; therefore, much more and efficient studies should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Akpancar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gulhane Military Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Corresponding author: Serkan Akpancar, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gulhane Military Medicine Academy, Ankara, Turkey. Tel: +90-5443229700, Fax: +90-3124045500, E-mail:
| | - Oner Tatar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Air Force Academy Kasımpaşa Military Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Turgut
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bursa Military Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Faruk Akyildiz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gulhane Military Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Safak Ekinci
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Agri Military Hospital, Agri, Turkey
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E. Klontzas M, I. Kenanidis E, J. MacFarlane R, Michail T, E. Potoupnis M, Heliotis M, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Investigational drugs for fracture healing: preclinical & clinical data. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:585-96. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1161757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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BMPs in bone regeneration: Less is more effective, a paradigm-shift. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 27:141-8. [PMID: 26678813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the clinical application of BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) has helped an increasing number of patients achieve bone regeneration in a clinical area lacking simple solutions for difficult bone healing situations. In this review, the historical aspects and current critical clinical issues are summarized and positioned against new research findings on efficacy and function of BMP2. Knowledge concerning how the dose of this growth factor as well as its interaction with mechanical loading influences the efficacy of bone regeneration, might open possible future strategies in cases where bony bridging is unachievable so far. In conclusion, it is apparent that there is a substantial need for continued basic research to unravel the details of its function and the underlying signaling pathways involved, to make BMP2 even more relevant and safe in daily clinical use, even though this growth factor has been known for more than 125 years.
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SHARMA-BHANDARI ANJALI, PARK SUNHYANG, KIM JUYOUNG, OH JAEMIN, KIM YOUNGHO. Lysyl oxidase modulates the osteoblast differentiation of primary mouse calvaria cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1664-70. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wein M, Fretwurst T, Nahles S, Duttenhoefer F, Tomakidi P, Steinberg T, Nelson K. Pilot investigation of the molecular discrimination of human osteoblasts from different bone entities. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:1487-93. [PMID: 26315276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In oral and maxillofacial surgery, autologous grafts from the iliac crest remain the 'gold standard' for alveolar ridge reconstruction, whereas intraoral bone grafts are considered in smaller defects. To date, a comparison of the osteogenic potential of osteoblasts with regard to their tissue origin is missing. Primary osteoblasts have proven useful for the investigation of the tissue-specific osteogenic properties. The present study compares primary human alveolar (aHOBs) and iliac osteoblasts (iHOBs) derived from three female patients undergoing routine intraoral bone grafting. Proliferation potential of the osteoblasts was evaluated using real-time impedance monitoring. Relative gene expression of bone specific biomarkers was analyzed and quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR). Immunohistochemistry and phase contrast microscopy were performed, as well as alkaline phosphatase assay and alizarin red staining to visualize morphology and mineralization capacity. A twofold faster proliferation rate of aHOBs compared with iHOBs (130 h vs. 80 h) was observed. Alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining in both HOBs indicated similar mineralization capacity. Gene expression of seven genes (BMP1, CSF-1, TGFBR1, ICAM1, VCAM1, SPP1 and DLX5) was significantly higher in iHOB than in aHOB samples. These data suggest a higher osteogenic potential of osteoblasts derived from the iliac crest compared with primary osteoblasts from the alveolar bone and may lead to a better understanding of the molecular impact of bone cells from different bone entities on bone regeneration in alveolar ridge reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wein
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Fretwurst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Nahles
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Duttenhoefer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Pastides PS, Welck MJ, Khan WS. Use of bone marrow derived stem cells in trauma and orthopaedics: A review of current concepts. World J Orthop 2015; 6:462-468. [PMID: 26191493 PMCID: PMC4501932 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v6.i6.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a considerable amount of interest in the future role of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMDSCs) and tissue engineering techniques to manage conditions within the musculoskeletal system. Repair of soft tissue and bone defects, in the early stages of injury, may lead to a reduction in progression of symptoms. Furthermore, troublesome soft tissue injuries that are notoriously fraught with problems either in healing or function, could be augmented with such techniques. The aim of this review paper is to look at the advances in such strategies to tackle these problems and assess how BMDSCs, with the aid of growth factors and scaffolds, are being used in vitro, animal and even human models to treat problems within the field of trauma and orthopaedics. There is plenty of evidence that the results are encouraging and thus gaining momentum toward their use in human studies.
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Velasco MA, Narváez-Tovar CA, Garzón-Alvarado DA. Design, materials, and mechanobiology of biodegradable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:729076. [PMID: 25883972 PMCID: PMC4391163 DOI: 10.1155/2015/729076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A review about design, manufacture, and mechanobiology of biodegradable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering is given. First, fundamental aspects about bone tissue engineering and considerations related to scaffold design are established. Second, issues related to scaffold biomaterials and manufacturing processes are discussed. Finally, mechanobiology of bone tissue and computational models developed for simulating how bone healing occurs inside a scaffold are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Velasco
- Studies and Applications in Mechanical Engineering Research Group (GEAMEC), Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos A. Narváez-Tovar
- Studies and Applications in Mechanical Engineering Research Group (GEAMEC), Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia
- Biomimetics Laboratory and Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Instituto de Biotecnología (IBUN), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego A. Garzón-Alvarado
- Biomimetics Laboratory and Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Instituto de Biotecnología (IBUN), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Denninger KCM, Litman T, Marstrand T, Moller K, Svensson L, Labuda T, Andersson Å. Kinetics of gene expression and bone remodelling in the clinical phase of collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:43. [PMID: 25889670 PMCID: PMC4391727 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pathological bone changes differ considerably between inflammatory arthritic diseases and most studies have focused on bone erosion. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a model for rheumatoid arthritis, which, in addition to bone erosion, demonstrates bone formation at the time of clinical manifestations. The objective of this study was to use this model to characterise the histological and molecular changes in bone remodelling, and relate these to the clinical disease development. Methods A histological and gene expression profiling time-course study on bone remodelling in CIA was linked to onset of clinical symptoms. Global gene expression was studied with a gene chip array system. Results The main histopathological changes in bone structure and inflammation occurred during the first two weeks following the onset of clinical symptoms in the joint. Hereafter, the inflammation declined and remodelling of formed bone dominated. Global gene expression profiling showed simultaneous upregulation of genes related to bone changes and inflammation in week 0 to 2 after onset of clinical disease. Furthermore, we observed time-dependent expression of genes involved in early and late osteoblast differentiation and function, which mirrored the histopathological bone changes. The differentially expressed genes belong to the bone morphogenetic pathway (BMP) and, in addition, include the osteoblast markers integrin-binding sialoprotein (Ibsp), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (Bglap1), and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1). Pregnancy-associated protein A (Pappa) and periostin (Postn), differentially expressed in the early disease phase, are proposed to participate in bone formation, and we suggest that they play a role in early bone formation in the CIA model. Comparison to human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed differential expression of several genes associated with human arthritis. Conclusions In the CIA model, bone formation in the joint starts shortly after onset of clinical symptoms, which results in bony fusion within one to two weeks. This makes it a candidate model for investigating the relationship between inflammation and bone formation in inflammatory arthritis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0531-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja C M Denninger
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Ø DK-2100, Denmark. .,Disease Pharmacology/Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, Ballerup, DK-2750, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Litman
- Disease Pharmacology/Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, Ballerup, DK-2750, Denmark.
| | - Troels Marstrand
- Disease Pharmacology/Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, Ballerup, DK-2750, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Moller
- Disease Pharmacology/Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, Ballerup, DK-2750, Denmark.
| | - Lars Svensson
- Disease Pharmacology/Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, Ballerup, DK-2750, Denmark.
| | - Tord Labuda
- Disease Pharmacology/Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, Ballerup, DK-2750, Denmark.
| | - Åsa Andersson
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Ø DK-2100, Denmark.
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Peric M, Dumic-Cule I, Grcevic D, Matijasic M, Verbanac D, Paul R, Grgurevic L, Trkulja V, Bagi CM, Vukicevic S. The rational use of animal models in the evaluation of novel bone regenerative therapies. Bone 2015; 70:73-86. [PMID: 25029375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone has a high potential for endogenous self-repair. However, due to population aging, human diseases with impaired bone regeneration are on the rise. Current strategies to facilitate bone healing include various biomolecules, cellular therapies, biomaterials and different combinations of these. Animal models for testing novel regenerative therapies remain the gold standard in pre-clinical phases of drug discovery and development. Despite improvements in animal experimentation, excessive poorly designed animal studies with inappropriate endpoints and inaccurate conclusions are being conducted. In this review, we discuss animal models, procedures, methods and technologies used in bone repair studies with the aim to assist investigators in planning and performing scientifically sound experiments that respect the wellbeing of animals. In the process of designing an animal study for bone repair investigators should consider: skeletal characteristics of the selected animal species; a suitable animal model that mimics the intended clinical indication; an appropriate assessment plan with validated methods, markers, timing, endpoints and scoring systems; relevant dosing and statistically pre-justified sample sizes and evaluation methods; synchronization of the study with regulatory requirements and additional evaluations specific to cell-based approaches. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Stem Cells and Bone".
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Peric
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department for Intercellular Communication, Salata 2, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivo Dumic-Cule
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grcevic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Salata 3, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Matijasic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department for Intercellular Communication, Salata 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Department for Intercellular Communication, Salata 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ruth Paul
- Paul Regulatory Services Ltd, Fisher Hill Way, Cardiff CF15 8DR, UK
| | - Lovorka Grgurevic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Trkulja
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cedo M Bagi
- Pfizer Inc., Global Research and Development, Global Science and Technology, 100 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Salata 11, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Augustyniak E, Trzeciak T, Richter M, Kaczmarczyk J, Suchorska W. The role of growth factors in stem cell-directed chondrogenesis: a real hope for damaged cartilage regeneration. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 39:995-1003. [PMID: 25512139 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine offers hope to treat numerous orthopaedic disorders, including articular cartilage defects. Although much research has been carried out on chondrogenesis, this complicated process is still not well understood and much more research is needed. The present review provides an overview of the stages of chondrogenesis and describes the effects of various growth factors, which act during the multiple steps involved in stem cell-directed differentiation towards chondrocytes. METHODS The current literature on stem cell-directed chondrogenesis, in particular the role of members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily-TGF-βs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)-is reviewed and discussed. RESULTS Numerous studies have reported the chondrogenic potential of both adult- and embryonic-like stem cells and the role of growth factors in programming differentiation of these cells towards chondrocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells, whereas induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are reprogrammed pluripotent cells. Although better understanding of the processes involved in the development of cartilage tissues is necessary, both cell types may be of value in the clinical treatment of cartilage injuries or osteoarthritic cartilage lesions. CONCLUSIONS MSCs and iPSCs both present unique characteristics. However, at present, it is still unclear which cell type is most suitable in the treatment of cartilage injuries.
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Vila OF, Martino MM, Nebuloni L, Kuhn G, Pérez-Amodio S, Müller R, Hubbell JA, Rubio N, Blanco J. Bioluminescent and micro-computed tomography imaging of bone repair induced by fibrin-binding growth factors. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4377-89. [PMID: 24905933 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work we have evaluated the capacity of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and fibrin-binding platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) to support cell growth and induce bone regeneration using two different imaging technologies to improve the understanding of structural and organizational processes participating in tissue repair. Human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (hAMSCs) expressing two luciferase genes, one under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter and the other under the control of a tissue-specific promoter (osteocalcin or platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule), were seeded in fibrin matrices containing BMP-2 and fibrin-binding PDGF-BB, and further implanted intramuscularly or in a mouse calvarial defect. Then, cell growth and bone regeneration were monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to analyze the evolution of target gene expression, indicative of cell differentiation towards the osteoblastic and endothelial lineages. Non-invasive imaging was supplemented with micro-computed tomography (μCT) to evaluate bone regeneration and high-resolution μCT of vascular casts. Results from BLI showed hAMSC growth during the first week in all cases, followed by a rapid decrease in cell number; as well as an increment of osteocalcin but not PECAM-1 expression 3weeks after implantation. Results from μCT show that the delivery of BMP-2 and PDGF-BB by fibrin induced the formation of more bone and improves vascularization, resulting in more abundant and thicker vessels, in comparison with controls. Although the inclusion of hAMSCs in the fibrin matrices made no significant difference in any of these parameters, there was a significant increment in the connectivity of the vascular network in defects treated with hAMSCs.
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Nguyen A, Scott MA, Dry SM, James AW. Roles of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in osteosarcoma. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 38:2313-22. [PMID: 25209345 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since the original extraction of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) from bovine bone, research interest and clinical use has increased exponentially. With this, a concomitant analysis of BMP expression in bone tumours has been performed. BMP ligands, receptors, and signaling activity have been observed in diverse benign and malignant bone tumours. However, the reported expression, function, and importance of BMPs in bone tumours, and specifically osteosarcomas, have been far from uniform. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the role of BMP signaling in osteosarcoma biology, focusing on the sometimes divergent findings by various researchers and the challenges inherent in the study of osteosarcoma. METHODS We performed a literature review of all studies examining BMP signaling in osteosarcoma. RESULTS Overall, multiple BMP ligands and receptors are expressed in most osteosarcoma cell lines and subtypes, although BMP signaling may be reduced in comparison with benign bone-forming tumours. Studies suggest that osteosarcomas with different lineages of differentiation may have differential expression of BMP ligands. Although significant disagreement in the literature exists, the presence of BMP signaling in osteosarcoma may impart a worse prognosis. On the cellular level, BMP signaling appears to mediate promigratory effects in osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma cell types, possibly via interaction and activation of Integrin β1. CONCLUSIONS BMP signaling has clear biologic importance in osteosarcoma, although it is not yet fully understood. Future questions for study include assessing the utility of BMP signaling in prognostication of osteosarcoma and the potential modulation of BMP signaling for inhibition of osteosarcomagenesis, growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Nguyen
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave, CHS A3-251, Los Angeles, CA, 90077, USA
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Bone morphogenetic proteins: Relationship between molecular structure and their osteogenic activity. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hwang EY, Jeong MS, Park EK, Kim JH, Jang SB. Structural characterization and interaction of periostin and bone morphogenetic protein for regulation of collagen cross-linking. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:425-31. [PMID: 24858685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Periostin appears to be a unique extracellular protein secreted by fibroblasts that is upregulated following injury to the heart or changes in the environment. Periostin has the ability to associate with other critical extracellular matrix (ECM) regulators such as TGF-β, tenascin, and fibronectin, and is a critical regulator of fibrosis that functions by altering the deposition and attachment of collagen. Periostin is known to be highly expressed in carcinoma cells, but not in normal breast tissues. The protein has a structural similarity to insect fasciclin-1 (Fas 1) and can be induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. To investigate the molecular interaction of periostin and bone morphogenetic protein, we modeled these three-dimensional structures and their binding sites. We demonstrated direct interaction between periostin and BMP1/2 in vitro using several biochemical and biophysical assays. We found that the structures of the first, second, and fourth Fas1 domains in periostin are similar to that of the fourth Fas 1 domain of TGFBIp. However, the structure of the third Fas 1 domain in periostin is different from those of the first, second, and fourth Fas1 domains, while it is similar to the NMR structure of Fasciclin-like protein from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. These results will useful in further functional analysis of the interaction of periostin and bone morphogenetic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Suk Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 602-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Bok Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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Hadzir SN, Ibrahim SN, Abdul Wahab RM, Zainol Abidin IZ, Senafi S, Ariffin ZZ, ABDUL RAZAK M, Zainal Ariffin SH. Ascorbic acid induces osteoblast differentiation of human suspension mononuclear cells. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:674-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hassan A, Ahn J, Suh Y, Choi YM, Chen P, Lee K. Selenium promotes adipogenic determination and differentiation of chicken embryonic fibroblasts with regulation of genes involved in fatty acid uptake, triacylglycerol synthesis and lipolysis. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:858-67. [PMID: 24838110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) has been utilized in the differentiation of primary pig and rat preadipocytes, indicating that it may have proadipogenic potential; however, some studies have also demonstrated that Se has antiadipogenic activity. In this study, chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs) were used to investigate the role of Se in adipogenesis in vitro and in ovo. Se supplementation increased lipid droplet accumulation and inhibited proliferation of cultured CEFs isolated from 6-day-old embryos dose-dependently. This suggests that Se may play a role in cell cycle inhibition, thereby promoting the differentiation of fibroblasts to adipocytes. Se did not stimulate adipogenic differentiation of CEFs isolated from 9- to 12-day-old embryos, implying a permissive stage of adipogenic determination by Se at earlier embryonic ages. Microarray analysis comparing control and Se treatments on CEFs from 6-day-old embryos and confirmatory analysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that genes involved in adipocyte determination and differentiation, fatty acid uptake and triacylglycerol synthesis were up-regulated. In addition, up-regulation of an anti-lipolytic G0/G1 switch gene 2 and down-regulation of a prolipolytic monoglyceride lipase may lead to inhibition of lipolysis by Se. Both osteogenic and myogenic genes were down-regulated, and several genes related to oxidative stress response during adipogenesis were up-regulated. In ovo injection of Se at embryonic day 8 increased adipose tissue mass by 30% and caused adipocyte hypertrophy in 17-day-old chicken embryos, further supporting the proadipogenic role of Se during the embryonic development of chickens. These results suggest that Se plays a significant role in several mechanisms related to adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishlin Hassan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Jinsoo Ahn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210; The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Yeunsu Suh
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Paula Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210; The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210.
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Muir AM, Ren Y, Butz DH, Davis NA, Blank RD, Birk DE, Lee SJ, Rowe D, Feng JQ, Greenspan DS. Induced ablation of Bmp1 and Tll1 produces osteogenesis imperfecta in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3085-101. [PMID: 24419319 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is most often caused by dominant mutations in the collagen I genes COL1A1/COL1A2, whereas rarer recessive OI is often caused by mutations in genes encoding collagen I-interacting proteins. Recently, mutations in the gene for the proteinase bone morphogenetic 1 (BMP1) were reported in two recessive OI families. BMP1 and the closely related proteinase mammalian tolloid-like 1 (mTLL1) are co-expressed in various tissues, including bone, and have overlapping activities that include biosynthetic processing of procollagen precursors into mature collagen monomers. However, early lethality of Bmp1- and Tll1-null mice has precluded use of such models for careful study of in vivo roles of their protein products. Here we employ novel mouse strains with floxed Bmp1 and Tll1 alleles to induce postnatal, simultaneous ablation of the two genes, thus avoiding barriers of Bmp1(-/-) and Tll1(-/-) lethality and issues of functional redundancy. Bones of the conditionally null mice are dramatically weakened and brittle, with spontaneous fractures-defining features of OI. Additional skeletal features include osteomalacia, thinned/porous cortical bone, reduced processing of procollagen and dentin matrix protein 1, remarkably high bone turnover and defective osteocyte maturation that is accompanied by decreased expression of the osteocyte marker and Wnt-signaling inhibitor sclerostin, and by marked induction of canonical Wnt signaling. The novel animal model presented here provides new opportunities for in-depth analyses of in vivo roles of BMP1-like proteinases in bone and other tissues, and for their roles, and for possible therapeutic interventions, in OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Muir
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yinshi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Delana Hopkins Butz
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas A Davis
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert D Blank
- Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA and
| | - David Rowe
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Biomaterials and Skeletal Development, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel S Greenspan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,
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Wei L, Lei GH, Yi HW, Sheng PY. Bone formation in rabbit's leg muscle after autologous transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing human bone morphogenic protein-2. Indian J Orthop 2014; 48:347-53. [PMID: 25143636 PMCID: PMC4137510 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.136208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To test whether autologous transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) expressing human bone morphogenic protein-2 (hBMP-2) can produce bone in rabbit leg muscles. MATERIALS AND METHODS MSCs were isolated from BM of the iliac crest of rabbits and then infected with lentiviral vectors (LVs) bearing hBMP-2 and green fluorescent protein under the control of the cytomegalovirus (immediate early promoter). Differentiation of transduced MSCs to osteoblasts in vitro was evaluated with an alkaline phosphatase activity assay and immuohistochemistry against osteoblast specific markers. MSCs expressing hBMP-2 were placed in an absorbable gelatin sponge, which was then transplanted into the gastrocnemius of rabbits from which MSCs were isolated. Bone formation was examined by X-ray and histological analysis. RESULTS LVs efficiently mediated hBMP-2 gene expression in rabbit BM-MSCs. Ectopic expression of hBMP in these MSCs induced osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. Bone was formed after the MSCs expressing hBMP-2 were transplanted into rabbit muscles. CONCLUSION Ectopic expression of hBMP-2 in rabbit MSCs induces them to differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro and to form a bone in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 8th Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Licheng Wei, Department of Orthopaedics, The 8th Hospital, Changsha, No. 22, Xin Sha Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China. E-mail:
| | - Guang-Hua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, 87 XiangYa Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Han-Wen Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 8th Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Pu-yi Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affilliated Hospital, Sun YAT-SEN University, 58 The Second ZhongShan Road, GuangZhou, GuangDong 510080, China
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Tuohimaa P, Wang JH, Khan S, Kuuslahti M, Qian K, Manninen T, Auvinen P, Vihinen M, Lou YR. Gene expression profiles in human and mouse primary cells provide new insights into the differential actions of vitamin D3 metabolites. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75338. [PMID: 24116037 PMCID: PMC3792969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) had earlier been regarded as the only active hormone. The newly identified actions of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24R,25(OH)2D3) broadened the vitamin D3 endocrine system, however, the current data are fragmented and a systematic understanding is lacking. Here we performed the first systematic study of global gene expression to clarify their similarities and differences. Three metabolites at physiologically comparable levels were utilized to treat human and mouse fibroblasts prior to DNA microarray analyses. Human primary prostate stromal P29SN cells (hP29SN), which convert 25(OH)D3 into 1α,25(OH)2D3 by 1α-hydroxylase (encoded by the gene CYP27B1), displayed regulation of 164, 171, and 175 genes by treatment with 1α,25(OH)2D3, 25(OH)D3, and 24R,25(OH)2D3, respectively. Mouse primary Cyp27b1 knockout fibroblasts (mCyp27b1−/−), which lack 1α-hydroxylation, displayed regulation of 619, 469, and 66 genes using the same respective treatments. The number of shared genes regulated by two metabolites is much lower in hP29SN than in mCyp27b1−/−. By using DAVID Functional Annotation Bioinformatics Microarray Analysis tools and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis, we identified the agonistic regulation of calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling between 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 and unique non-classical actions of each metabolite in physiological and pathological processes, including cell cycle, keratinocyte differentiation, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis signaling, gene transcription, immunomodulation, epigenetics, cell differentiation, and membrane protein expression. In conclusion, there are three distinct vitamin D3 hormones with clearly different biological activities. This study presents a new conceptual insight into the vitamin D3 endocrine system, which may guide the strategic use of vitamin D3 in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pentti Tuohimaa
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jing-Huan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere Graduate School in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Drug Discovery Graduate School, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Institute of Biomedical Technology and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianne Kuuslahti
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kui Qian
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Manninen
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauno Vihinen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology and BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yan-Ru Lou
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Prall WC, Haasters F, Heggebö J, Polzer H, Schwarz C, Gassner C, Grote S, Anz D, Jäger M, Mutschler W, Schieker M. Mesenchymal stem cells from osteoporotic patients feature impaired signal transduction but sustained osteoinduction in response to BMP-2 stimulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:617-22. [PMID: 24099772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures show reduced callus formation and delayed bone healing. Cellular sources of fracture healing are mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that differentiate into osteoblasts by stimulation with osteoinductive cytokines, such as BMP-2. We hypothesized that impaired signal transduction and reduced osteogenic differentiation capacity in response to BMP-2 may underlie the delayed fracture healing. Therefore, MSC were isolated from femoral heads of healthy and osteoporotic patients. Grouping was carried out by bone mineral densitometry in an age-matched manner. MSC were stimulated with BMP-2. Signal transduction was assessed by western blotting of pSMAD1/5/8 and pERK1/2 as well as by quantitative RT-PCR of Runx-2, Dlx5, and Osteocalcin. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by quantifying Alizarin Red staining. Osteoporotic MSC featured an accurate phosphorylation pattern of SMAD1/5/8 but a significantly reduced activation of ERK1/2 by BMP-2 stimulation. Furthermore, osteoporotic MSC showed significantly reduced basal expression levels of Runx-2 and Dlx5. However, Runx-2, Dlx5, and Osteocalcin expression showed adequate up-regulation due to BMP-2 stimulation. The global osteogenic differentiation in standard osteogenic differentiation media was reduced in osteoporotic MSC. Nevertheless, osteoporotic MSC were shown to feature an adequate induction of osteogenic differentiation due to BMP-2 stimulation. Taken together, we here demonstrate osteoporosis associated alterations in BMP-2 signaling but sustained specific osteogenic differentiation capacity in response to BMP-2. Therefore, BMP-2 may represent a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of fractures in osteoporotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Christian Prall
- Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, University of Munich (LMU), Nußbaumstr. 20, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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Borra VM, Waterval JJ, Stokroos RJ, Manni JJ, Van Hul W. Localization of the gene for hyperostosis cranialis interna to chromosome 8p21 with analysis of three candidate genes. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 93:93-100. [PMID: 23640157 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperostosis cranialis interna (HCI) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by intracranial hyperostosis and osteosclerosis, which is confined to the skull, especially the calvarium and the skull base. The rest of the skeleton is not affected. Progressive bone overgrowth causes nerve entrapment that leads to recurrent facial nerve palsy, disturbance of the sense of smell, hearing and vision impairments, impairment of facial sensibility, and disturbance of balance due to vestibular areflexia. The treatment is symptomatic. Histomorphological investigations showed increased bone formation with a normal tissue structure. Biochemical parameters were normal. Until today the disease has been described in only three related Dutch families with common progenitors and which consist of 32 individuals over five generations. HCI was observed in 12 family members over four generations. Patients are mildly to severely affected. Besides HCI, several bone dysplasias with hyperostosis and sclerosis of the craniofacial bones are known. Examples are Van Buchem disease, sclerosteosis, craniometaphyseal dysplasia, and Camurati-Engelmann disease. However, in these cases the long bones are affected as well. Linkage analysis in a family with HCI resulted in the localization of the disease-causing gene to a region on chromosome 8p21 delineated by markers D8S282 and D8S382. Interesting candidate genes in this region are BMP1, LOXL2, and ADAM28. Sequence analysis of these genes did not reveal any putative mutations. This suggests that a gene not previously involved in a sclerosing bone dysplasia is responsible for the abnormal growth in the skull of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Borra
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, Edegem, 2650, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Sasaki A, Nakajo T, Tsunoda Y, Yamamoto G, Kobayashi Y, Tsuji M, Udaka Y, Mizutani T, Oguchi K. Gene analysis and dynamics of tumor stem cells in human glioblastoma cells after radiation. Hum Cell 2013; 26:73-9. [PMID: 23475320 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-013-0060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant central nervous system tumor. Patients with glioblastoma are treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy; however, this effect is not satisfactory with regard to the prognosis. It is reported that the tumor stem cells affect recurrence, and radio- and chemotherapy resistance of the tumor, and that these cells play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Using human glioblastoma cell lines (T98G and A172), irradiated (0, 30, 60 Gy) glioblastoma cells were prepared under the same conditions as clinical therapy. We analyzed cell proliferation rate, side population analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and isolation of CD133⁺ cells, and performed genetic analysis (human stem cells) on these cells. We also investigated the difference in gene expression in the cells after radiation. The stem cell-related genes were highly expressed in the CD133⁺ cells compared with the CD133⁻ cells, suggesting that the cancer stem cells may be located in these CD133⁺ cells. In the T98G cell line, the cell proliferation rate of 30-Gy irradiated cells was higher than those of non-irradiated cells and 60-Gy irradiated cells. Stem cell-related genes were highly expressed in 30-Gy irradiated CD133⁺ T98G cells. In conclusion, we suggest that CD133⁺ cells may strongly affect tumor proliferation and the resistance against radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Hatanodai 1-5-8, Shinagawaku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
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Vidane AS, Zomer HD, Oliveira BMM, Guimarães CF, Fernandes CB, Perecin F, Silva LA, Miglino MA, Meirelles FV, Ambrósio CE. Reproductive stem cell differentiation: extracellular matrix, tissue microenvironment, and growth factors direct the mesenchymal stem cell lineage commitment. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:1137-43. [PMID: 23420825 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113477484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have awakened interest in regenerative medicine due to its high capability to proliferate and differentiate in multiple specialized lineages under defined conditions. The reproductive system is considered a valuable source of MSCs, which needs further investigations. Many factors have been reported as critical for these cell lineage specification and determination. In this review, we discuss the main effects of extracellular matrix or tissue environment and growth factors in the cell lineage commitment, including the reproductive stem cells. The MSCs responses to culture medium stimuli or to soluble factors probably occur through several intracellular activation pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms in which the cells respond to these mechanical or chemical perturbations remain elusive. Recent findings suggest a synergic effect of microenvironment and soluble cell culture factors affecting cell differentiation. For future applications in cell therapy, protocols of reproductive MSCs differentiation must be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanásio S Vidane
- Sector of Animal Anatomy, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Moritz N, Linderbäck P, Närhi T. Bioactive Ceramic Coatings for Metallic Implants. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1201/b13049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2012; 84:81-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Muir A, Greenspan DS. Metalloproteinases in Drosophila to humans that are central players in developmental processes. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41905-41911. [PMID: 22027825 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r111.299768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many secreted proteins are synthesized as precursors with propeptides that must be cleaved to yield the mature functional form of the molecule. In addition, various growth factors occur in extracellular latent complexes with protein antagonists and are activated upon cleavage of such antagonists. Research in the separate fields of embryonic patterning and extracellular matrix formation has identified members of the BMP1/Tolloid-like family of metalloproteinases as key players in these types of biosynthetic processing events in species ranging from Drosophila to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Muir
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Daniel S Greenspan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792.
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