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Afsar B, Afsar RE. Hypoxia-inducible factors and essential hypertension: narrative review of experimental and clinical data. Pharmacol Rep 2023:10.1007/s43440-023-00497-x. [PMID: 37210694 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIFs) is a new class of drug developed for the management of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. HIFs increase the production of erythropoietin in the kidney and liver, enhance the absorption and utilization of iron, and stimulate the maturation and proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells. Besides, HIFs regulate many physiologic processes by orchestrating the transcription of hundreds of genes. Essential hypertension (HT) is an epidemic worldwide. HIFs play a role in many biological processes involved in the regulation of blood pressure (BP). In the current review, we summarize pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the relationship between HIFs and BP regulation in patients with CKD, conflicting issues, and discuss future potential strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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2
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Glutamine-dependent effects of nitric oxide on cancer cells subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Nitric Oxide 2023; 130:22-35. [PMID: 36414197 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Limited O2 availability can decrease essential processes in energy metabolism. However, cancers have developed distinct metabolic adaptations to these conditions. For example, glutaminolysis can maintain energy metabolism and hypoxia signaling. Additionally, it has been observed that nitric oxide (NO) possesses concentration-dependent, biphasic effects in cancer. NO has potent anti-tumor effects through modulating events such as angiogenesis and metastasis at low physiological concentrations and inducing cell death at higher concentrations. In this study, Ewing Sarcoma cells (A-673), MIA PaCa, and SKBR3 cells were treated with DetaNONOate (DetaNO) in a model of hypoxia (1% O2) and reoxygenation (21% O2). All 3 cell types showed NO-dependent inhibition of cellular O2 consumption which was enhanced as O2-tension decreased. L-Gln depletion suppressed the mitochondrial response to decreasing O2 tension in all 3 cell types and resulted in inhibition of Complex I activity. In A-673 cells the O2 tension dependent change in mitochondrial O2 consumption and increase in glycolysis was dependent on the presence of L-Gln. The response to hypoxia and Complex I activity were restored by α-ketoglutarate. NO exposure resulted in the A-673 cells showing greater sensitivity to decreasing O2 tension. Under conditions of L-Gln depletion, NO restored HIF-1α levels and the mitochondrial response to O2 tension possibly through the increase of 2-hydroxyglutarate. NO also resulted in suppression of cellular bioenergetics and further inhibition of Complex I which was not rescued by α-ketoglutarate. Taken together these data suggest that NO modulates the mitochondrial response to O2 differentially in the absence and presence of L-Gln. These data suggest a combination of metabolic strategies targeting glutaminolysis and Complex I in cancer cells.
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3
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Ene CD, Nicolae I. Hypoxia-Nitric Oxide Axis and the Associated Damage Molecular Pattern in Cutaneous Melanoma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101646. [PMID: 36294785 PMCID: PMC9605406 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia was intensively studied in cancer during the last few decades, being considered a characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the capacity of tumor cells to adapt to the stress generated by limited oxygen tissue in cutaneous melanoma. We developed a case-control prospective study that included 52 patients with cutaneous melanoma and 35 healthy subjects. We focused on identifying and monitoring hypoxia, the dynamic of nitric oxide (NO) serum metabolites and posttranslational metabolic disorders induced by NO signaling according to the clinical, biological and tumoral characteristics of the melanoma patients. Our study showed high levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) and hypoxia-inducible factor-2a (HIF-2a) in the melanoma patients. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) control the capacity of tumor cells to adapt to low levels of oxygen. Hypoxia regulated the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and activity. In the cutaneous melanoma patients, disorders in NO metabolism were detected. The serum levels of the NO metabolites were significantly higher in the melanoma patients. NO signaling influenced the tumor microenvironment by modulating tumoral proliferation and sustaining immune suppression. Maintaining NO homeostasis in the hypoxic tumoral microenvironment could be considered a future therapeutic target in cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Daniela Ene
- “Carol Davila” Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-743074851
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Dermatology Department, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Dong W, Song Z, Liu S, Yu P, Shen Z, Yang J, Yang D, Hu Q, Zhang H, Gu Y. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Based on Electrospun Biomimetic Scaffold Mediated Endothelial Differentiation Facilitating Regeneration and Repair of Abdominal Wall Defects via HIF-1α/VEGF Pathway. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:676409. [PMID: 34307320 PMCID: PMC8293919 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.676409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of synthetic or biological meshes is the main therapy for the repair and reconstruction of abdominal wall defects, a common disease in surgery. Currently, no ideal materials are available, and there is an urgent need to find appropriate ones to satisfy clinical needs. Electrospun scaffolds have drawn attention in soft tissue reconstruction. In this study, we developed a novel method to fabricate a composite electrospun scaffold using a thermoresponsive hydrogel, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly (ethylene glycol), and a biodegradable polymer, polylactic acid (PLA). This scaffold provided not only a high surface area/volume ratio and a three-dimensional fibrous matrix but also high biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical strength, and could simulate the native extracellular matrix and accelerate cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were seeded in the composite electrospun scaffold to enhance the defect repair and regeneration by directionally inducing ADSCs into endothelial cells. In addition, we found early vascularization in the process was regulated by the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. In our study, overexpression of HIF-1α/VEGF in ADSCs using a lentivirus system promoted early vascularization in the electrospun scaffolds. Overall, we expect our composite biomimetic scaffold method will be applicable and useful in abdominal wall defect regeneration and repair in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Song
- Department of General Surgery, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suihong Liu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Shen
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongchao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinxi Hu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiguang Zhang
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Manuelli V, Pecorari C, Filomeni G, Zito E. Regulation of redox signaling in HIF-1-dependent tumor angiogenesis. FEBS J 2021; 289:5413-5425. [PMID: 34228878 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of blood vessel growth. The angiogenic switch consists of new blood vessel formation that, in carcinogenesis, can lead to the transition from a harmless cluster of dormant cells to a large tumorigenic mass with metastatic potential. Hypoxia, that is, the scarcity of oxygen, is a hallmark of solid tumors to which they adapt by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a transcription factor triggering de novo angiogenesis. HIF-1 and the angiogenic molecules that are expressed upon its activation are modulated by redox status. Modulations of the redox environment can influence the angiogenesis signaling at different levels, thereby impinging on the angiogenic switch. This review provides a molecular overview of the redox-sensitive steps in angiogenic signaling, the main molecular players involved, and their crosstalk with the unfolded protein response. New classes of inhibitors of these modulators which might act as antiangiogenic drugs in cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Manuelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pecorari
- Redox Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Redox Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Copenhagen University, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Zito
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
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6
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Arabadjiev B, Pankov R, Vassileva I, Petrov LS, Buchvarov I. Photobiomodulation with 590 nm Wavelength Delays the Telomere Shortening and Replicative Senescence of Human Dermal Fibroblasts In Vitro. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:656-660. [PMID: 33090930 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cellular senescence is one of the major factors contributing to the aging process. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is known to trigger an array of cellular responses, but there are no data on how it affects the process of cellular senescence. In this study, we analyze the effect of PBM on the cellular senescence and telomere dynamics. Methods: Human dermal fibroblasts were irradiated by a panel of light-emitting diodes with 590 nm and dose 30 J/cm2 accumulated over 1200 sec repeated in 4-day cycle within 40 days. After the last cycle of PBM treatment, the difference in number of senescent cells between PBM treated groups end nontreated control groups was measured by senescent sensitive β-galactosidase assay, and the difference in average telomere length between the experimental end control groups was analyzed using relative human telomere length quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) assay. Results: After 10 cycles of irradiation, the percentage of senescent cells in PBM-treated cultures was 19.7% ± 4.5%, p < 0.05 smaller than the percentage of senescent cells in the control group, and their relative telomere length was 1.19 ± 0.09-fold, p < 0.05 greater than nontreated controls. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates for the first time that PBM with appropriate parameters can delay the attrition of the telomeres and the entry of cells into senescence, suggesting a potential involvement of telomerase reactivation. A hypothetical mechanism for this light-induced antiaging effect is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borislav Arabadjiev
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridsky," Sofia, Bulgaria.,Physics Department, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridsky," Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Roumen Pankov
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridsky," Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina Vassileva
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Acad.Roumen Tsanev," Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ivan Buchvarov
- Physics Department, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridsky," Sofia, Bulgaria
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7
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Harej A, Macan AM, Stepanić V, Klobučar M, Pavelić K, Pavelić SK, Raić-Malić S. The Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of 1,2,3-Triazolyl-L-Ascorbic Acid Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194735. [PMID: 31554245 PMCID: PMC6801448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel 4-substituted 1,2,3-triazole L-ascorbic acid (L-ASA) conjugates with hydroxyethylene spacer as well as their conformationally restricted 4,5-unsaturated analogues were synthesized as potential antioxidant and antiproliferative agents. An evaluation of the antioxidant activity of novel compounds showed that the majority of the 4,5-unsaturated L-ASA derivatives showed a better antioxidant activity compared to their saturated counterparts. m-Hydroxyphenyl (7j), p-pentylphenyl (7k) and 2-hydroxyethyl (7q) substituted 4,5-unsaturated 1,2,3-triazole L-ASA derivatives exhibited very efficient and rapid (within 5 min) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging activity (7j, 7k: IC50 = 0.06 mM; 7q: IC50 = 0.07 mM). In vitro scavenging activity data were supported by in silico quantum-chemical modelling. Thermodynamic parameters for hydrogen-atom transfer and electron-transfer radical scavenging pathways of anions deprotonated at C2-OH or C3-OH groups of L-ASA fragments were calculated. The structure activity analysis (SAR) through principal component analysis indicated radical scavenging activity by the participation of OH group with favorable reaction parameters: the C3-OH group of saturated C4-C5(OH) derivatives and the C2-OH group of their unsaturated C4=C5 analogues. The antiproliferative evaluation showed that p-bromophenyl (4e: IC50 = 6.72 μM) and p-pentylphenyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazole L-ASA conjugate (4k: IC50 = 26.91 μM) had a selective cytotoxic effect on breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. Moreover, compound 4e did not inhibit the growth of foreskin fibroblasts (IC50 > 100 μM). In MCF-7 cells treated with 4e, a significant increase of hydroxylated hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression and decreased expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) were observed, suggesting the involvement of 4e in the HIF-1α signaling pathway for its strong growth-inhibition effect on MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Harej
- Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Andrijana Meščić Macan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Višnja Stepanić
- Division of Electronics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Klobučar
- Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Krešimir Pavelić
- Faculty of medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, 52100 Pula, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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8
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Ježek P, Holendová B, Garlid KD, Jabůrek M. Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins: Subtle Regulators of Cellular Redox Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:667-714. [PMID: 29351723 PMCID: PMC6071544 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria are the energetic, metabolic, redox, and information signaling centers of the cell. Substrate pressure, mitochondrial network dynamics, and cristae morphology state are integrated by the protonmotive force Δp or its potential component, ΔΨ, which are attenuated by proton backflux into the matrix, termed uncoupling. The mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP1-5) play an eminent role in the regulation of each of the mentioned aspects, being involved in numerous physiological events including redox signaling. Recent Advances: UCP2 structure, including purine nucleotide and fatty acid (FA) binding sites, strongly support the FA cycling mechanism: UCP2 expels FA anions, whereas uncoupling is achieved by the membrane backflux of protonated FA. Nascent FAs, cleaved by phospholipases, are preferential. The resulting Δp dissipation decreases superoxide formation dependent on Δp. UCP-mediated antioxidant protection and its impairment are expected to play a major role in cell physiology and pathology. Moreover, UCP2-mediated aspartate, oxaloacetate, and malate antiport with phosphate is expected to alter metabolism of cancer cells. CRITICAL ISSUES A wide range of UCP antioxidant effects and participations in redox signaling have been reported; however, mechanisms of UCP activation are still debated. Switching off/on the UCP2 protonophoretic function might serve as redox signaling either by employing/releasing the extra capacity of cell antioxidant systems or by directly increasing/decreasing mitochondrial superoxide sources. Rapid UCP2 degradation, FA levels, elevation of purine nucleotides, decreased Mg2+, or increased pyruvate accumulation may initiate UCP-mediated redox signaling. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Issues such as UCP2 participation in glucose sensing, neuronal (synaptic) function, and immune cell activation should be elucidated. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 667-714.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ježek
- 1 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Holendová
- 1 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Keith D Garlid
- 2 UCLA Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- 1 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Hao YH, Zhang J, Wang H, Wang HY, Dong J, Xu XP, Yao BW, Wang LF, Zhou HM, Zhao L, Peng RY. HIF-1α regulates COXIV subunits, a potential mechanism of self-protective response to microwave induced mitochondrial damages in neurons. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10403. [PMID: 29991768 PMCID: PMC6039499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and speculation about potential health hazards of microwaves exposure are spreading in the past decades. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), played pivotal roles in protective responses against microwave in neuron-like cells. In this study, we established 30 mW/cm2 microwave exposed animal model, which could result in revisable injuries of neuronal mitochondria, including ultrastructure and functions, such as ROS generation and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. We found that the ratio of COXIV-1/COXIV-2, two isoforms of COXIV, decreased at 1 d and increased from 3 d to 14 d. Similar expression changes of HIF-1α suggested that COXIV-1 and COXIV-2 might be regulated by HIF-1α. In neuron-like cells, 30 mW/cm2 microwave down-regulated COX activity from 30 min to 6 h, and then started to recover. And, both HIF-1α transcriptional activity and COXIV-1/COXIV-2 ratio were up-regulated at 6 h and 9 h after exposure. Moreover, HIF-1α inhibition down-regulated COXIV-1 expression, promoted ROS generation, impaired mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMP), as well as abolished microwave induced ATP production. In conclusion, microwave induced mitochondrial ROS production activated HIF-1α and regulated COXIV-1 expression to restore mitochondria functions. Therefore, HIF-1α might be a potential target to impair microwave induced injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Hao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Ji Dong
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Xu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Bin-Wei Yao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health Physics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a cellular signalling molecule widely conserved among organisms, including microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, and higher eukaryotes such as plants and mammals. NO is mainly produced by the activities of NO synthase (NOS) or nitrite reductase (NIR). There are several NO detoxification systems, including NO dioxygenase (NOD) and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR). NO homeostasis, based on the balance between NO synthesis and degradation, is important for regulating its physiological functions, since an excess of NO causes nitrosative stress due to the high reactivity of NO and NO-derived compounds. In yeast, NO may be involved in stress responses, but the role of NO and the mechanism underlying NO signalling are poorly understood due to the lack of mammalian NOS orthologs in the yeast genome. NOS and NIR activities have been observed in yeast cells, but the gene-encoding NOS and the mechanism by which NO production is catalysed by NIR remain unclear. On the other hand, yeast cells employ NOD and GSNOR to maintain intracellular redox balance following endogenous NO production, treatment with exogenous NO, or exposure to environmental stresses. This article reviews NO metabolism (synthesis, degradation) and its regulation in yeast. The physiological roles of NO in yeast, including the oxidative stress response, are also discussed. Such investigations into NO signalling are essential for understanding how NO modulates the genetics and physiology of yeast. In addition to being responsible for the pathology and pharmacology of various degenerative diseases, NO signalling may be a potential target for the construction and engineering of industrial yeast strains.
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11
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Tengan CH, Moraes CT. NO control of mitochondrial function in normal and transformed cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:573-581. [PMID: 28216426 PMCID: PMC5487294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule with multiple facets and involved in numerous pathological process, including cancer. Among the different pathways where NO has a functionally relevant participation, is the control of mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis. NO is able to inhibit the electron transport chain, mainly at Complex IV, regulating oxygen consumption and ATP generation, but at the same time, can also induce increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The presence of reactive species can induce oxidative damage or participate in redox signaling. In this review, we discuss how NO affects mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis, and how it influences the development of mitochondrial deficiency and cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria in Cancer, edited by Giuseppe Gasparre, Rodrigue Rossignol and Pierre Sonveaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia H Tengan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Pedro de Toledo, 781, setimo andar, frente, 04039-032, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology and Cell Biology, 1420 NW 9th Avenue, Rm.229, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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12
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Figueroa H, Alvarado C, Cifuentes J, Lozano M, Rocco J, Cabezas C, Illanes SE, Eixarch E, Hernández-Andrade E, Gratacós E, Irarrazabal CE. Oxidative damage and nitric oxide synthase induction by surgical uteroplacental circulation restriction in the rabbit fetal heart. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:453-459. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Figueroa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Clinica Davila; Santiago Chile
| | - Cristobal Alvarado
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Universidad San Sebastián; Concepción Chile
- Faculty of Medicine; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Jorge Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa Molecular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Mauricio Lozano
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa Molecular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Jocelyn Rocco
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa Molecular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | - Claudia Cabezas
- Faculty of Medicine; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Sebastian E. Illanes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Clinica Davila; Santiago Chile
| | - Elisenda Eixarch
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; Barcelona Spain
| | - Edgar Hernández-Andrade
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; Barcelona Spain
- National Institute of Perinatal Medicine; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Eduard Gratacós
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos E. Irarrazabal
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Integrativa Molecular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
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13
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Nitric oxide signaling in yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9483-9497. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Heywood HK, Lee DA. Bioenergetic reprogramming of articular chondrocytes by exposure to exogenous and endogenous reactive oxygen species and its role in the anabolic response to low oxygen. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2286-2294. [PMID: 26799635 PMCID: PMC5172424 DOI: 10.1002/term.2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer culture is integral to many cell‐based cartilage repair strategies, but chondrocytes lose regenerative potential with increasing duration in vitro. This coincides with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and a bioenergetic transformation characterized by increasing mitochondrial function. This study investigates ROS as stimuli for bioenergetic reprogramming and the effect of antioxidants on the propensity of chondrocytes to regenerate a cartilaginous matrix. Articular chondrocytes were cultured in monolayer under a 2% O2 atmosphere. Oxidative stress was increased using 50 μm H2O2 or a 20% O2 culture atmosphere, or decreased using the antioxidant N‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC). Mitochondrial function was characterized using 200 nm Mitotracker green and an oxygen biosensor. After two population doublings ± NAC, chondrocytes were encapsulated in alginate beads (1 × 107 cells/ml) for an additional 10 days before DMB assay of glycosaminoglycan content. The beads were cultured under both 20% O2 and the more physiological 5% O2 condition. Chondrocytes expanded in 20% O2 exhibited elevated mitochondrial mass and functional capacity, which was partially mimicked by the exogenous ROS, H2O2. Oligomycin treatment revealed that the increased oxygen consumption was coupled to oxidative phosphorylation. NAC limited these markers of bioenergetic reprogramming during culture‐expansion with no significant effect on subsequent GAG production under 20% O2. However, NAC treatment in monolayer abolished the hypoxic induction of GAG in alginate beads. This supports the hypothesis of a causal relationship between exposure to ROS and acquired mitochondrial function in chondrocytes. Additionally, mitochondrial function may be required for the hypoxic induction of GAG synthesis by chondrocytes. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Heywood
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - D A Lee
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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15
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Wang YD, Zhang J, Li CH, Xu HP, Chen W, Zeng YQ, Wang H. Molecular cloning, sequence characteristics, and tissue expression analysis of ECE1 gene in Tibetan pig. Gene 2015; 571:237-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Caria CREP, Moscato CH, Tomé RBG, Pedrazzoli J, Ribeiro ML, Gambero A. Nitric oxide interferes with hypoxia signaling during colonic inflammation. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2015; 51:302-8. [PMID: 25591158 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032014000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Intestinal inflammation can induce a local reduction in oxygen levels that triggers an adaptive response centered on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Nitric oxide, a well-described inflammatory mediator, may interfere with hypoxia signaling. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the role of nitric oxide in hypoxia signaling during colonic inflammation. METHODS Colitis was induced by single (acute) or repeated (reactivated colitis) trinitrobenzenosulfonic acid administration in rats. In addition, one group of rats with reactivated colitis was also treated with Nw-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride to block nitric oxide synthase. Colitis was assessed by macroscopic score and myeloperoxidase activity in the colon samples. Hypoxia was determined using the oxygen-dependent probe, pimonidazole. The expression of HIF-1α and HIF-induced factors (vascular endothelial growth factor - VEGF and apelin) was assessed using Western blotting. RESULTS The single or repeated administration of trinitrobenzenosulfonic acid to rats induced colitis which was characterized by a high macroscopic score and myeloperoxidase activity. Hypoxia was observed with both protocols. During acute colitis, HIF-1α expression was not increased, but VEGF and apelin were increased. HIF-1α expression was inhibited during reactivated colitis, and VEGF and apelin were not increased. Nw-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride blockade during reactivated colitis restored HIF-1α, VEGF and apelin expression. CONCLUSIONS Nitric oxide could interfere with hypoxia signaling during reactivated colitis inflammation modifying the expression of proteins regulated by HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Rabelo e Paiva Caria
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia (Unifag), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade São Francisco, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Camila Henrique Moscato
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia (Unifag), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade São Francisco, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Renata Bortolin Guerra Tomé
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia (Unifag), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade São Francisco, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - José Pedrazzoli
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia (Unifag), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade São Francisco, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia (Unifag), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade São Francisco, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Gambero
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia (Unifag), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade São Francisco, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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17
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D'Aprile A, Scrima R, Quarato G, Tataranni T, Falzetti F, Di Ianni M, Gemei M, Del Vecchio L, Piccoli C, Capitanio N. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells express myoglobin and neuroglobin: adaptation to hypoxia or prevention from oxidative stress? Stem Cells 2014; 32:1267-77. [PMID: 24446190 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism and redox signaling prove to play a decisional role in controlling adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) biology. However, HSPCs reside in a hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment raising the question of how oxygen metabolism might be ensued. In this study, we provide for the first time novel functional and molecular evidences that human HSPCs express myoglobin (Mb) at level comparable with that of a muscle-derived cell line. Optical spectroscopy and oxymetry enabled to estimate an O2-sensitive heme-containing protein content of approximately 180 ng globin per 10(6) HSPC and a P50 of approximately 3 µM O2. Noticeably, expression of Mb mainly occurs through a HIF-1-induced alternative transcript (Mb-V/Mb-N = 35 ± 15, p < .01). A search for other Mb-related globins unveiled significant expression of neuroglobin (Ngb) but not of cytoglobin. Confocal microscopy immune detection of Mb in HSPCs strikingly revealed nuclear localization in cell subsets expressing high level of CD34 (nuclear/cytoplasmic Mb ratios 1.40 ± 0.02 vs. 0.85 ± 0.05, p < .01) whereas Ngb was homogeneously distributed in all the HSPC population. Dual-color fluorescence flow cytometry indicated that while the Mb content was homogeneously distributed in all the HSPC subsets that of Ngb was twofold higher in more immature HSPC. Moreover, we show that HSPCs exhibit a hypoxic nitrite reductase activity releasing NO consistent with described noncanonical functions of globins. Our finding extends the notion that Mb and Ngb can be expressed in nonmuscle and non-neural contexts, respectively, and is suggestive of a differential role of Mb in HSPC in controlling oxidative metabolism at different stages of commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria D'Aprile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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18
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Salimian Rizi B, Caneba C, Nowicka A, Nabiyar AW, Liu X, Chen K, Klopp A, Nagrath D. Nitric oxide mediates metabolic coupling of omentum-derived adipose stroma to ovarian and endometrial cancer cells. Cancer Res 2014; 75:456-71. [PMID: 25425006 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Omental adipose stromal cells (O-ASC) are a multipotent population of mesenchymal stem cells contained in the omentum tissue that promote endometrial and ovarian tumor proliferation, migration, and drug resistance. The mechanistic underpinnings of O-ASCs' role in tumor progression and growth are unclear. Here, we propose a novel nitric oxide (NO)-mediated metabolic coupling between O-ASCs and gynecologic cancer cells in which O-ASCs support NO homeostasis in malignant cells. NO is synthesized endogenously by the conversion of l-arginine into citrulline through nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Through arginine depletion in the media using l-arginase and NOS inhibition in cancer cells using N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), we demonstrate that patient-derived O-ASCs increase NO levels in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells and promote proliferation in these cells. O-ASCs and cancer cell cocultures revealed that cancer cells use O-ASC-secreted arginine and in turn secrete citrulline in the microenvironment. Interestingly, citrulline increased adipogenesis potential of the O-ASCs. Furthermore, we found that O-ASCs increased NO synthesis in cancer cells, leading to decrease in mitochondrial respiration in these cells. Our findings suggest that O-ASCs upregulate glycolysis and reduce oxidative stress in cancer cells by increasing NO levels through paracrine metabolite secretion. Significantly, we found that O-ASC-mediated chemoresistance in cancer cells can be deregulated by altering NO homeostasis. A combined approach of targeting secreted arginine through l-arginase, along with targeting microenvironment-secreted factors using l-NAME, may be a viable therapeutic approach for targeting ovarian and endometrial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Salimian Rizi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Ann Klopp
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.
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19
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Zhao L, Yang YF, Gao YB, Wang SM, Wang LF, Zuo HY, Dong J, Xu XP, Su ZT, Zhou HM, Zhu LL, Peng RY. Upregulation of HIF-1α via activation of ERK and PI3K pathway mediated protective response to microwave-induced mitochondrial injury in neuron-like cells. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:1024-34. [PMID: 24627260 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-induced learning and memory deficits in animal models have been gaining attention in recent years, largely because of increasing public concerns on growing environmental influences. The data from our group and others have showed that the injury of mitochondria, the major source of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in primary neurons, could be detected in the neuron cells of microwave-exposed rats. In this study, we provided some insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind mitochondrial injury in PC12 cell-derived neuron-like cells. PC12 cell-derived neuron-like cells were exposed to 30 mW/cm(2) microwave for 5 min, and damages of mitochondrial ultrastructure could be observed by using transmission electron microscopy. Impairments of mitochondrial function, indicated by decrease of ATP content, reduction of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities, decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, could be detected. We also found that hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α), a key regulator responsible for hypoxic response of the mammalian cells, was upregulated in microwave-exposed neuron-like cells. Furthermore, HIF-1α overexpression protected mitochondria from injury by increasing the ATP contents and MMP, while HIF-1α silence promoted microwave-induced mitochondrial damage. Finally, we demonstrated that both ERK and PI3K signaling activation are required in microwave-induced HIF-1α activation and protective response. In conclusion, we elucidated a regulatory connection between impairments of mitochondrial function and HIF-1α activation in microwave-exposed neuron-like cells. By modulating mitochondrial function and protecting neuron-like cells against microwave-induced mitochondrial injury, HIF-1α represents a promising therapeutic target for microwave radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Haidian District, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
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20
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Piccoli C, Agriesti F, Scrima R, Falzetti F, Di Ianni M, Capitanio N. To breathe or not to breathe: the haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells dilemma. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1652-71. [PMID: 23714011 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adult haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) constitute the lifespan reserve for the generation of all the cellular lineages in the blood. Although massive progress in identifying the cluster of master genes controlling self-renewal and multipotency has been achieved in the past decade, some aspects of the physiology of HSPCs still need to be clarified. In particular, there is growing interest in the metabolic profile of HSPCs in view of their emerging role as determinants of cell fate. Indeed, stem cells and progenitors have distinct metabolic profiles, and the transition from stem to progenitor cell corresponds to a critical metabolic change, from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we summarize evidence, reported in the literature and provided by our group, highlighting the peculiar ability of HSPCs to adapt their mitochondrial oxidative/bioenergetic metabolism to survive in the hypoxic microenvironment of the endoblastic niche and to exploit redox signalling in controlling the balance between quiescence versus active cycling and differentiation. Especial prominence is given to the interplay between hypoxia inducible factor-1, globins and NADPH oxidases in managing the mitochondrial dioxygen-related metabolism and biogenesis in HSPCs under different ambient conditions. A mechanistic model is proposed whereby 'mitochondrial differentiation' is a prerequisite in uncommitted stem cells, paving the way for growth/differentiation factor-dependent processes. Advancing the understanding of stem cell metabolism will, hopefully, help to (i) improve efforts to maintain, expand and manipulate HSPCs ex vivo and realize their potential therapeutic benefits in regenerative medicine; (ii) reprogramme somatic cells to generate stem cells; and (iii) eliminate, selectively, malignant stem cells. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Therapeutic Aspects in Oncology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.169.issue-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Piccoli
- Department of Medical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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21
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Hanschmann EM, Godoy JR, Berndt C, Hudemann C, Lillig CH. Thioredoxins, glutaredoxins, and peroxiredoxins--molecular mechanisms and health significance: from cofactors to antioxidants to redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1539-605. [PMID: 23397885 PMCID: PMC3797455 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and "antioxidants". Today, these redox catalysts are increasingly recognized for their specific role in redox signaling. The number of publications published on the functions of these proteins continues to increase exponentially. The field is experiencing an exciting transformation, from looking at a general redox homeostasis and the pathological oxidative stress model to realizing redox changes as a part of localized, rapid, specific, and reversible redox-regulated signaling events. This review summarizes the almost 50 years of research on these proteins, focusing primarily on data from vertebrates and mammals. The role of Trx fold proteins in redox signaling is discussed by looking at reaction mechanisms, reversible oxidative post-translational modifications of proteins, and characterized interaction partners. On the basis of this analysis, the specific regulatory functions are exemplified for the cellular processes of apoptosis, proliferation, and iron metabolism. The importance of Trxs, Grxs, and Prxs for human health is addressed in the second part of this review, that is, their potential impact and functions in different cell types, tissues, and various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - José Rodrigo Godoy
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Hudemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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22
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Abstract
The response of eukaryotic microbes to low-oxygen (hypoxic) conditions is strongly regulated at the level of transcription. Comparative analysis shows that some of the transcriptional regulators (such as the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, or SREBPs) are of ancient origin and probably regulate sterol synthesis in most eukaryotic microbes. However, in some fungi SREBPs have been replaced by a zinc-finger transcription factor (Upc2). Nuclear localization of fungal SREBPs is determined by regulated proteolysis, either by site-specific proteases or by an E3 ligase complex and the proteasome. The exact mechanisms of oxygen sensing are not fully characterized but involve responding to low levels of heme and/or sterols and possibly to levels of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Changes in central carbon metabolism (glycolysis and respiration) are a core hypoxic response in some, but not all, fungal species. Adaptation to hypoxia is an important virulence characteristic of pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Butler
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
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23
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Thompson JW, Narayanan SV, Perez-Pinzon MA. Redox signaling pathways involved in neuronal ischemic preconditioning. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 10:354-69. [PMID: 23730259 PMCID: PMC3520045 DOI: 10.2174/157015912804143577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence that the restoration of blood flow following cerebral ischemia contributes greatly to the pathophysiology of ischemia mediated brain injury. The initiating stimulus of reperfusion injury is believed to be the excessive production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species by the mitochondria. ROS and RNS generation leads to mitochondrial protein, lipid and DNA oxidation which impedes normal mitochondrial physiology and initiates cellular death pathways. However not all ROS and RNS production is detrimental. It has been demonstrated that low levels of ROS production are protective and may serve as a trigger for activation of ischemic preconditioning. Ischemic preconditioning is a neuroprotective mechanism which is activated upon a brief sublethal ischemic exposure and is sufficient to provide protection against a subsequent lethal ischemic insult. Numerous proteins and signaling pathways have been implicated in the ischemic preconditioning neuroprotective response. In this review we examine the origin and mechanisms of ROS and RNS production following ischemic/reperfusion and the role of free radicals in modulating proteins associated with ischemic preconditioning neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Thompson
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl 33136
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24
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Lohr NL, Ninomiya JT, Warltier DC, Weihrauch D. Far red/near infrared light treatment promotes femoral artery collateralization in the ischemic hindlimb. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 62:36-42. [PMID: 23702287 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial mediator of hindlimb collateralization and angiogenesis. Within tissues there are nitrosyl-heme proteins which have the potential to generate NO under conditions of hypoxia or low pH. Low level irradiation of blood and muscle with light in the far red/near infrared spectrum (670 nm, R/NIR) facilitates NO release. Therefore, we assessed the impact of red light exposure on the stimulation of femoral artery collateralization. Rabbits and mice underwent unilateral resection of the femoral artery and chronic R/NIR treatment. The direct NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME were also administered in the presence of R/NIR. DAF fluorescence assessed R/NIR changes in NO levels within endothelial cells. In vitro measures of R/NIR induced angiogenesis were assessed by endothelial cell proliferation and migration. R/NIR significantly increased collateral vessel number which could not be attenuated with L-NAME. R/NIR induced collateralization was abolished with c-PTIO. In vitro, NO production increased in endothelial cells with R/NIR exposure, and this finding was independent of NOS inhibition. Similarly R/NIR induced proliferation and tube formation in a NO dependent manner. Finally, nitrite supplementation accelerated R/NIR collateralization in wild type C57Bl/6 mice. In an eNOS deficient transgenic mouse model, R/NIR restores collateral development. In conclusion, R/NIR increases NO levels independent of NOS activity, and leads to the observed enhancement of hindlimb collateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Lohr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
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25
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Alcohol-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress alters brain mitochondrial membrane properties. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 375:39-47. [PMID: 23212448 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption causes numerous biochemical and biophysical changes in the central nervous system, in which mitochondria is the primary organelle affected. In the present study, we hypothesized that alcohol alters the mitochondrial membrane properties and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Alcohol-induced hypoxia further enhances these effects. Administration of alcohol to rats significantly increased the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation with decreased SOD2 mRNA and protein expression was decreased, while nitric oxide (NO) levels and expression of iNOS and nNOS in brain cortex were increased. In addition, alcohol augmented HIF-1α mRNA and protein expression in the brain cortex. Results from this study showed that alcohol administration to rats decreased mitochondrial complex I, III, IV activities, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and cardiolipin content with increased anisotropic value. Cardiolipin regulates numerous enzyme activities, especially those related to oxidative phosphorylation and coupled respiration. In the present study, decreased cardiolipin could be ascribed to ROS/RNS-induced damage. In conclusion, alcohol-induced ROS/RNS is responsible for the altered mitochondrial membrane properties, and alcohol-induced hypoxia further enhance these alterations, which ultimately leads to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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26
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Srinivasan S, Avadhani NG. Cytochrome c oxidase dysfunction in oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1252-63. [PMID: 22841758 PMCID: PMC3436951 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is the terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. This bigenomic enzyme in mammals contains 13 subunits of which the 3 catalytic subunits are encoded by the mitochondrial genes. The remaining 10 subunits with suspected roles in the regulation, and/or assembly, are coded by the nuclear genome. The enzyme contains two heme groups (heme a and a3) and two Cu(2+) centers (Cu(2+) A and Cu(2+) B) as catalytic centers and handles more than 90% of molecular O(2) respired by the mammalian cells and tissues. CcO is a highly regulated enzyme which is believed to be the pacesetter for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and ATP synthesis. The structure and function of the enzyme are affected in a wide variety of diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, bone and skeletal diseases, and diabetes. Despite handling a high O(2) load the role of CcO in the production of reactive oxygen species still remains a subject of debate. However, a volume of evidence suggests that CcO dysfunction is invariably associated with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and cellular toxicity. In this paper we review the literature on mechanisms of multimodal regulation of CcO activity by a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological factors. We also review an array of literature on the direct or indirect roles of CcO in reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Srinivasan
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Narayan G. Avadhani
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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