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Tang J, Liu H, Li J, Zhang Y, Yao S, Yang K, You Z, Qiao X, Song Y. Regulation of post-translational modification of PD-L1 and associated opportunities for novel small-molecule therapeutics. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:1583-1599. [PMID: 38949857 PMCID: PMC11370925 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2366146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells and binds to PD-1, resulting in tumor immune escape. Therapeutic strategies to target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway involve blocking the binding. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited efficacy against tumors because PD-L1 is also present in the cytoplasm. PD-L1 of post-translational modifications (PTMs) have uncovered numerous mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis and have identified potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, small molecule inhibitors can block crucial carcinogenic signaling pathways, making them a potential therapeutic option. To better develop small molecule inhibitors, we have summarized the PTMs of PD-L1. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms of small molecule inhibitors in carcinogenesis and explore their potential applications, proposing a novel approach for tumor immunotherapy based on PD-L1 PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei071002, China
| | - Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei071002, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei071002, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei071002, China
| | - Suyang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei071002, China
| | - Kan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei071002, China
| | - Zhihao You
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei071002, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei071002, China
| | - Yali Song
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei071002, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations & Excipients, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei071002, China
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Agha H, McCurdy CR. In vitro and in vivo sigma 1 receptor imaging studies in different disease states. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:154-177. [PMID: 34046607 PMCID: PMC8127618 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma receptor system has been classified into two distinct subtypes, sigma 1 (σ1R) and sigma 2 (σ2R). Sigma 1 receptors (σ1Rs) are involved in many neurodegenerative diseases and different central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction, and pain. This makes them attractive targets for developing radioligands as tools to gain a better understanding of disease pathophysiology and clinical diagnosis. Over the years, several σ1R radioligands have been developed to image the changes in σ1R distribution and density providing insights into their role in disease development. Moreover, the involvement of both σ1Rs and σ2Rs with cancer make these ligands, especially those that are σ2R selective, great tools for imaging different types of tumors. This review will discuss the principles of molecular imaging using PET and SPECT, known σ1R radioligands and their applications for labelling σ1Rs under different disease conditions. Furthermore, this review will highlight σ1R radioligands that have demonstrated considerable potential as biomarkers, and an opportunity to fulfill the ultimate goal of better healthcare outcomes and improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebaalla Agha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA +(352) 273 7705 +1 (352) 294 8691
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA +(352) 273 7705 +1 (352) 294 8691
- UF Translational Drug Development Core, University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
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Pontisso I, Combettes L. Role of Sigma-1 Receptor in Calcium Modulation: Possible Involvement in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:139. [PMID: 33499031 PMCID: PMC7911422 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling plays a pivotal role in the control of cellular homeostasis and aberrant regulation of Ca2+ fluxes have a strong impact on cellular functioning. As a consequence of this ubiquitous role, Ca2+ signaling dysregulation is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including cancer. Indeed, multiple studies have highlighted the role of Ca2+ fluxes in all the steps of cancer progression. In particular, the transfer of Ca2+ at the ER-mitochondrial contact sites, also known as mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs), has been shown to be crucial for cancer cell survival. One of the proteins enriched at this site is the sigma-1 receptor (S1R), a protein that has been described as a Ca2+-sensitive chaperone that exerts a protective function in cells in various ways, including the modulation of Ca2+ signaling. Interestingly, S1R is overexpressed in many types of cancer even though the exact mechanisms by which it promotes cell survival are not fully elucidated. This review summarizes the findings describing the roles of S1R in the control of Ca2+ signaling and its involvement in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pontisso
- UMR 1282, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay, 91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France;
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laurent Combettes
- UMR 1282, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris Saclay, 91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France;
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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Kopp N, Holtschulte C, Börgel F, Lehmkuhl K, Friedland K, Civenni G, Laurini E, Catapano CV, Pricl S, Humpf HU, Schepmann D, Wünsch B. Novel σ 1 antagonists designed for tumor therapy: Structure - activity relationships of aminoethyl substituted cyclohexanes. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 210:112950. [PMID: 33148494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the substitution pattern and stereochemistry, 1,3-dioxanes 1 with an aminoethyl moiety in 4-position represent potent σ1 receptor antagonists. In order to increase the stability, a cyclohexane ring first replaced the acetalic 1, 3-dioxane ring of 1. A large set of aminoethyl substituted cyclohexane derivatives was prepared in a six-step synthesis. All enantiomers and diastereomers were separated by chiral HPLC at the stage of the primary alcohol 7, and their absolute configuration was determined by CD spectroscopy. Neither the relative nor the absolute configuration had a large impact on the σ1 affinity. The highest σ1 affinity was found for cis-configured benzylamines (1R,3S)-11 (Ki = 0.61 nM) and (1S,3R)-11 (Ki = 1.3 nM). Molecular dynamics simulations showed that binding of (1R,3S)-11 at the σ1 receptor is stabilized by the typical polar interaction of the protonated amino moiety with the carboxy group of E172 which is optimally oriented by an H-bond interaction with Y103. The lipophilic interaction of I124 with the N-substituent also contributes to the high σ1 affinity of the benzylamines. The antagonistic activity was determined in a Ca2+ influx assay in retinal ganglion cells. The enantiomeric cis-configured benzylamines (1R,3S)-11 and (1S,3R)-11 were able to inhibit the growth of DU145 cells, a highly aggressive human prostate tumor cell line. Moreover, cis-11 could also inhibit the growth of further human tumor cells expressing σ1 receptors. The experimentally determined logD7.4 value of 3.13 for (1R,3S)-11 is in a promising range regarding membrane penetration. After incubation with mouse liver microsomes and NADPH for 90 min, 43% of the parent (1R,3S)-11 remained unchanged, indicating intermediate metabolic stability. Altogether, nine metabolites including one glutathione adduct were detected by means of LC-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kopp
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina Holtschulte
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frederik Börgel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kirstin Lehmkuhl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianluca Civenni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Universita Della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo V Catapano
- Institute of Oncology Research, Universita Della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy; Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
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Recent advance of peptide-based molecules and nonpeptidic small-molecules modulating PD-1/PD-L1 protein-protein interaction or targeting PD-L1 protein degradation. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113170. [PMID: 33454550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy has made great progress in recent years. In the tumor microenvironment, the binding of PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 can promote tumor immune escape and tumor survival. Clinical studies have indicated that antibodies blocking PD-1 and PD-L1 have reliable effects on many advanced malignant tumors. However, no small-molecule inhibitors have been approved so far, indicating that the development of marketable small-molecules PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapy drugs is a challenging process. Small-molecule inhibitors can overcome the limitations of monoclonal antibodies, including poor oral bioavailability, high cost, poor tissue and tumor penetration and long half-life, which prompt researchers to turn their attention to the development of peptide molecules and small-molecule inhibitors modulating PD-1/PD-L1 to overcome some disadvantages of monoclonal antibodies or targeting PD-L1 protein degradation as potential alternatives or supplements. In this review, we will focus on the peptide-based and nonpeptidic molecules against PD-1/PD-L1 base on the structural classification. More importantly, we also focus on the latest research progress of small-molecules mediated PD-L1 degradation mechanism.
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Gangangari KK, Váradi A, Majumdar S, Larson SM, Pasternak GW, Pillarsetty NK. Imaging Sigma-1 Receptor (S1R) Expression Using Iodine-124-Labeled 1-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(2-adamantyl)guanidine ([ 124I]IPAG). Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:358-366. [PMID: 31165385 PMCID: PMC6893110 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sigma-1 receptors (S1Rs) are overexpressed in almost all human cancers, especially in breast cancers. 1-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(2-adamantyl)guanidine (IPAG) is a validated high-affinity S1R antagonist. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the potential of iodine-124-labeled IPAG ([124I]IPAG) to image S1R-overexpressing tumors. PROCEDURES [124I]IPAG was synthesized from a tributyltin precursor dissolved in ethanol using chloramine-T as oxidant. Purity was analyzed using HPLC. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed using the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Competitive inhibition studies were performed using haloperidol and cold IPAG. Tumors were established in athymic nude mice by injecting 107 cells subcutaneously. Mice were imaged on micro-positron emission tomography (PET) at 4, 24, 48, 72, and 144 h post i.v. injection. Biodistribution studies were performed at same time points. In vivo tracer dilution studies were performed using excess of IPAG and haloperidol. The efficacy of [124I]IPAG to image tumors was evaluated in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice as well. RESULTS [124I]IPAG was synthesized in quantitative yield and in vitro studies indicated that [124I]IPAG binding was specific to S1R. PET imaging studies in MCF7 tumor-bearing mice reveal that [124I]IPAG accumulates in tumor and is preferentially retained while clearing from non-target organs. The tumor to background increases with time, and tumors could be clearly visualized starting from 24 h post administration. Similar results were obtained in mice bearing LNCaP tumors. In vivo tracer dilution studies showed that the uptake of [124I]IPAG could be competitively inhibited by excess of IPAG and haloperidol. CONCLUSIONS [124I]IPAG was synthesized successfully in high yields, and in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate specificity of [124I]IPAG. [124I]IPAG shows specific accumulation in tumors with increasing tumor to background ratio at later time points and therefore has high potential for imaging S1R-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K Gangangari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Ph.D Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - András Váradi
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gavril W Pasternak
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, MSKCC, New York, NY, USA
| | - NagaVara Kishore Pillarsetty
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Oyer HM, Sanders CM, Kim FJ. Small-Molecule Modulators of Sigma1 and Sigma2/TMEM97 in the Context of Cancer: Foundational Concepts and Emerging Themes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1141. [PMID: 31695608 PMCID: PMC6816035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two known subtypes of the so-called sigma receptors, Sigma1 and Sigma2. Sigma1 (encoded by the SIGMAR1 gene and also known as Sigma-1 receptor, S1R) is a unique pharmacologically regulated integral membrane chaperone or scaffolding protein that allosterically modulates the activity of its associated proteins. Sigma2, recently identified as transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97), is an integral membrane protein implicated in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. A number of publications over the past two decades have suggested a role for both sigma proteins in tumor biology. Although there is currently no clinically used anti-cancer drug that targets Sigma1 or Sigma2/TMEM97, a growing body of evidence supports the potential of small-molecule compounds with affinity for these proteins, putative sigma ligands, as therapeutic agents to treat cancer. In preclinical models, these compounds have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, and migration; furthermore, they have been demonstrated to suppress tumor growth, to alleviate cancer-associated pain, and to exert immunomodulatory properties. Here, we will address the known knowns and the known unknowns of Sigma1 and Sigma2/TMEM97 ligand actions in the context of cancer. This review will highlight key discoveries and published evidence in support of a role for sigma proteins in cancer and will discuss several fundamental questions regarding the physiological roles of sigma proteins in cancer and sigma ligand mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley M Oyer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christina M Sanders
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Felix J Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Schmidt HR, Betz RM, Dror RO, Kruse AC. Structural basis for σ 1 receptor ligand recognition. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:981-987. [PMID: 30291362 PMCID: PMC6261271 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The σ1 receptor is a poorly understood membrane protein expressed throughout the human body. Ligands targeting the σ1 receptor are in clinical trials for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, and neuropathic pain. However, relatively little is known regarding the σ1 receptor's molecular function. Here, we present crystal structures of human σ1 receptor bound to the antagonists haloperidol and NE-100, and the agonist (+)-pentazocine, at crystallographic resolutions of 3.1 Å, 2.9 Å, and 3.1 Å, respectively. These structures reveal a unique binding pose for the agonist. The structures and accompanying molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identify agonist-induced structural rearrangements in the receptor. Additionally, we show that ligand binding to σ1 is a multistep process that is rate limited by receptor conformational change. We used MD simulations to reconstruct a ligand binding pathway involving two major conformational changes. These data provide a framework for understanding the molecular basis for σ1 agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden R Schmidt
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin M Betz
- Biophysics Program, Departments of Computer Science, Structural Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Biophysics Program, Departments of Computer Science, Structural Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wu Y, Bai X, Li X, Zhu C, Wu ZP. Overexpression of sigma-1 receptor in MCF-7 cells enhances proliferation via the classic protein kinase C subtype signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6763-6769. [PMID: 30405820 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (sigma-1R), a 25-kDa integral membrane protein, is expressed at a high density in various tumor cell lines and its ligands mediate tumor cell proliferation. However, the effect of this receptor on proliferation and the associated intracellular molecules in tumors remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of sigma-1R overexpression on MCF-7 cell proliferation and the associated intracellular molecules that serve a key role in this process. The sigma-1R proliferative function was examined by comparing the proliferation rates of a sigma-1R-overexpressing line, MCF-41 with a sigma-1R-defective line, MCF-7, in culture media with various serum concentrations. The results demonstrated that MCF-41 cells grew significantly faster compared with MCF-7 cells, indicating a proliferation-enhancing receptor function. This proliferation-enhancing effect was completely eliminated by adding a PKC inhibitor to the culture media for MCF-41 cells. To identify which PKC subtype affects the proliferative function of sigma-1R, five inhibitors of PKC subtypes or enzymes involved in the PKC signaling cascade were introduced to MCF-7 and MCF-41 cell culture media and their effects on cell proliferation were compared. It was revealed that only the classic PKC subtype inhibitor, GF109203×, significantly inhibited MCF-41 cell proliferation compared with the MCF-7 line. In conclusion, among PKC iso-enzymes only classic PKC subtype enzymes serve an important role in sigma-1R overexpression enhancing MCF-7 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Chang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Zachary P Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
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Tesei A, Cortesi M, Zamagni A, Arienti C, Pignatta S, Zanoni M, Paolillo M, Curti D, Rui M, Rossi D, Collina S. Sigma Receptors as Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress "Gatekeepers" and their Modulators as Emerging New Weapons in the Fight Against Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:711. [PMID: 30042674 PMCID: PMC6048940 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the interest aroused by sigma receptors (SRs) in the area of oncology, their role in tumor biology remains enigmatic. The predominant subcellular localization and main site of activity of SRs are the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Current literature data, including recent findings on the sigma 2 receptor subtype (S2R) identity, suggest that SRs may play a role as ER stress gatekeepers. Although SR endogenous ligands are still unknown, a wide series of structurally unrelated compounds able to bind SRs have been identified. Currently, the identification of novel antiproliferative molecules acting via SR interaction is a challenging task for both academia and industry, as shown by the fact that novel anticancer drugs targeting SRs are in the preclinical-stage pipeline of pharmaceutical companies (i.e., Anavex Corp. and Accuronix). So far, no clinically available anticancer drugs targeting SRs are still available. The present review focuses literature advancements and provides a state-of-the-art overview of SRs, with emphasis on their involvement in cancer biology and on the role of SR modulators as anticancer agents. Findings from preclinical studies on novel anticancer drugs targeting SRs are presented in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tesei
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRCCS), Meldola, Italy
| | - Michela Cortesi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRCCS), Meldola, Italy
| | - Alice Zamagni
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRCCS), Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRCCS), Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Pignatta
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRCCS), Meldola, Italy
| | - Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRCCS), Meldola, Italy
| | - Mayra Paolillo
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Curti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Rui
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Maher CM, Thomas JD, Haas DA, Longen CG, Oyer HM, Tong JY, Kim FJ. Small-Molecule Sigma1 Modulator Induces Autophagic Degradation of PD-L1. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:243-255. [PMID: 29117944 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that Sigma1 (SIGMAR1, also known as sigma-1 receptor) is a unique ligand-regulated integral membrane scaffolding protein that contributes to cellular protein and lipid homeostasis. Previously, we demonstrated that some small-molecule modulators of Sigma1 alter endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein homeostasis pathways in cancer cells, including the unfolded protein response and autophagy. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein that is cotranslationally inserted into the ER and is processed and transported through the secretory pathway. Once at the surface of cancer cells, PD-L1 acts as a T-cell inhibitory checkpoint molecule and suppresses antitumor immunity. Here, we demonstrate that in Sigma1-expressing triple-negative breast and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, PD-L1 protein levels were suppressed by RNAi knockdown of Sigma1 and by small-molecule inhibition of Sigma1. Sigma1-mediated action was confirmed by pharmacologic competition between Sigma1-selective inhibitor and activator ligands. When administered alone, the Sigma1 inhibitor decreased cell surface PD-L1 expression and suppressed functional interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 in a coculture of T cells and cancer cells. Conversely, the Sigma1 activator increased PD-L1 cell surface expression, demonstrating the ability to positively and negatively modulate Sigma1 associated PD-L1 processing. We discovered that the Sigma1 inhibitor induced degradation of PD-L1 via autophagy, by a mechanism distinct from bulk macroautophagy or general ER stress-associated autophagy. Finally, the Sigma1 inhibitor suppressed IFNγ-induced PD-L1. Our data demonstrate that small-molecule Sigma1 modulators can be used to regulate PD-L1 in cancer cells and trigger its degradation by selective autophagy.Implications: Sigma1 modulators sequester and eliminate PD-L1 by autophagy, thus preventing functional PD-L1 expression at the cell surface. This posits Sigma1 modulators as novel therapeutic agents in PD-L1/PD-1 blockade strategies that regulate the tumor immune microenvironment.Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/16/2/243/F1.large.jpg Mol Cancer Res; 16(2); 243-55. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Maher
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey D Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Derick A Haas
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles G Longen
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Halley M Oyer
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane Y Tong
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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12
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Friedman GD, Habel LA, Achacoso N, Sanders CM, Oyer HM, Fireman B, Van Den Eeden SK, Kim FJ. Haloperidol and Prostate Cancer Prevention: More Epidemiologic Research Needed. Perm J 2018; 24:18.313. [PMID: 31852040 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/18.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The antipsychotic drug haloperidol has antiproliferative and growth-inhibiting properties on prostate cancer cell lines in vitro by binding the sigma 1 protein. Evidence is needed regarding a possible preventive association in men. OBJECTIVE To examine whether our epidemiologic data support an inverse association of haloperidol use with risk of prostate cancer. DESIGN These case-control analyses used conditional logistic regression to estimate relative risk by odds ratios (ORs) adjusting for race/ethnicity and aspects of medical care related to detection of prostate cancer. We tested 3 other commonly used antipsychotic drugs, risperidone, quetiapine, and olanzapine, for sigma 1 protein binding and inhibition of clonogenic growth of prostate cancer cells. Use of any of these by men was considered use of a comparator drug. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 1) association of haloperidol with prostate cancer; 2) sigma 1 binding and clonogenic growth. RESULTS Probably owing to small numbers of haloperidol recipients, evidence of a preventive association was inconsistent, depending on the definition of long-term use. If duration of use was greater than 1 year, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.38 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.14-1.01) for haloperidol and 0.80 (95% CI = 0.66-0.98) for the comparator drug; if the duration of use was greater than 2 years, the OR was 0.66 (95% CI = 0.24-1.76) for haloperidol and 0.84 (95% CI = 0.66-1.08) for the comparator drug. Unlike haloperidol, risperidone, quetiapine, and olanzapine did not bind sigma 1 or inhibit clonogenic growth. CONCLUSION Given the laboratory evidence, our ambiguous epidemiologic findings should encourage more epidemiologic evaluation of haloperidol use and risk of prostate cancer. Finding a negative association could be a scientific advance in prostate cancer prevention but would not be sufficient basis for recommending the prescription of haloperidol for that purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Friedman
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA.,Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Laurel A Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Ninah Achacoso
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Christina M Sanders
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Halley M Oyer
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce Fireman
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Felix J Kim
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Zhao J, Mysona BA, Wang J, Gonsalvez GB, Smith SB, Bollinger KE. Sigma 1 receptor regulates ERK activation and promotes survival of optic nerve head astrocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184421. [PMID: 28898265 PMCID: PMC5595338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is a unique transmembrane protein that has been shown to regulate neuronal differentiation and cellular survival. It is expressed within several cell types throughout the nervous system and visceral organs, including neurons and glia within the eye. S1R ligands are therapeutic targets for diseases ranging from neurodegenerative conditions to neoplastic disorders. However, effects of S1R activation and inhibition within glia cells are not well characterized. Within the eye, the astrocytes at the optic nerve head are crucial to the health and survival of the neurons that send visual information to the brain. In this study, we used the S1R-specific agonist, (+)-pentazocine, to evaluate S1R activation within optic nerve head-derived astrocytes (ONHAs). Treatment of ONHAs with (+)-pentazocine attenuated the level and duration of stress-induced ERK phosphorylation following oxidative stress exposure and promoted survival of ONHAs. These effects were specific to S1R activation because they were not observed in ONHAs that were depleted of S1R using siRNA-mediated knockdown. Collectively, our results suggest that S1R activation suppresses ERK1/2 phosphorylation and protects ONHAs from oxidative stress-induced death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Mysona
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Graydon B. Gonsalvez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sylvia B. Smith
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kathryn E. Bollinger
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
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14
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Salvino JM, Srikanth YVV, Lou R, Oyer HM, Chen N, Kim FJ. Novel small molecule guanidine Sigma1 inhibitors for advanced prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2216-2220. [PMID: 28385503 PMCID: PMC5714280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the leading cause of cancer related death in men. First line therapy for disseminated disease relies on androgen deprivation, leveraging the addiction of these tumors on androgens for both growth and survival. Treatment typically involves antagonizing the androgen receptor (AR) or blocking the synthesis of androgens. Recurrence is common and within 2-3years patients develop castration resistant tumors that become unresponsive to AR-axis targeted therapies. In order to provide a more effective treatment, we are utilizing an approach that targets a key scaffolding protein, Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor), a unique 26-kilodalton integral membrane protein that is critical in stabilizing the AR. Herein we report on a new series of Sigma1 compounds for lead optimization derived from a hybrid pharmacophore approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Salvino
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1101, USA.
| | - Yellamelli V V Srikanth
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1101, USA
| | - Rongliang Lou
- AstaTech, Inc., Keystone Business Park, 2525 Pearl Buck Road, Bristol, PA 19007, USA
| | - Halley M Oyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1101, USA
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1101, USA
| | - Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1101, USA
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15
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Thomas JD, Longen CG, Oyer HM, Chen N, Maher CM, Salvino JM, Kania B, Anderson KN, Ostrander WF, Knudsen KE, Kim FJ. Sigma1 Targeting to Suppress Aberrant Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2439-2452. [PMID: 28235766 PMCID: PMC5462524 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of androgen receptor (AR) activity in prostate cancer by androgen depletion or direct AR antagonist treatment, although initially effective, leads to incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) via compensatory mechanisms including resurgence of AR and AR splice variant (ARV) signaling. Emerging evidence suggests that Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor) is a unique chaperone or scaffolding protein that contributes to cellular protein homeostasis. We reported previously that some Sigma1-selective small molecules can be used to pharmacologically modulate protein homeostasis pathways. We hypothesized that these Sigma1-mediated responses could be exploited to suppress AR protein levels and activity. Here we demonstrate that treatment with a small-molecule Sigma1 inhibitor prevented 5α- dihydrotestosterone-mediated nuclear translocation of AR and induced proteasomal degradation of AR and ARV, suppressing the transcriptional activity and protein levels of both full-length and splice-variant AR. Consistent with these data, RNAi knockdown of Sigma1 resulted in decreased AR levels and transcriptional activity. Furthermore, Sigma1 physically associated with ARV7 and ARv567es as well as full-length AR. Treatment of mice xenografted with ARV-driven CRPC tumors with a drug-like small-molecule Sigma1 inhibitor significantly inhibited tumor growth associated with elimination of AR and ARV7 in responsive tumors. Together, our data show that Sigma1 modulators can be used to suppress AR/ARV-driven prostate cancer cells via regulation of pharmacologically responsive Sigma1-AR/ARV interactions, both in vitro and in vivoCancer Res; 77(9); 2439-52. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles G Longen
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Halley M Oyer
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina M Maher
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Blase Kania
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelsey N Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William F Ostrander
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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16
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Abstract
Sigma1 (also known as sigma-1 receptor, Sig1R, σ1 receptor) is a unique pharmacologically regulated integral membrane chaperone or scaffolding protein. The majority of publications on the subject have focused on the neuropharmacology of Sigma1. However, a number of publications have also suggested a role for Sigma1 in cancer. Although there is currently no clinically used anti-cancer drug that targets Sigma1, a growing body of evidence supports the potential of Sigma1 ligands as therapeutic agents to treat cancer. In preclinical models, compounds with affinity for Sigma1 have been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and survival, cell adhesion and migration, tumor growth, to alleviate cancer-associated pain, and to have immunomodulatory properties. This review will highlight that although the literature supports a role for Sigma1 in cancer, several fundamental questions regarding drug mechanism of action and the physiological relevance of aberrant SIGMAR1 transcript and Sigma1 protein expression in certain cancers remain unanswered or only partially answered. However, emerging lines of evidence suggest that Sigma1 is a component of the cancer cell support machinery, that it facilitates protein interaction networks, that it allosterically modulates the activity of its associated proteins, and that Sigma1 is a selectively multifunctional drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christina M Maher
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Das D, Persaud L, Dejoie J, Happy M, Brannigan O, De Jesus D, Sauane M. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) activates caspases in human prostate cancer cells through sigma 1 receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:319-323. [PMID: 26792723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-based therapy is currently evaluated in clinical studies as a tumor cell-selective pro-apoptotic approach. Unfortunately, many clinical studies have shown that cancer cells acquire TRAIL resistance and finally avoid TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Therefore, defining the mechanisms that permit TRAIL to activate apoptosis is critical for the development of strategies that maximize the potential effectiveness of TRAIL in clinical applications. This study aims at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying TRAIL-induced apoptosis and unraveling signaling pathways that could revert sensitivity to apoptosis stimuli. Our current study demonstrates for the first time that Sigma 1 Receptor (Sig1R), a ligand-regulated protein chaperone, contributes to TRAIL induction of apoptosis. We show that Sig1R agonist (+)-SKF10047 action or increasing Sig1R expression, significantly reduced apoptosis by TRAIL in prostate cell lines, indicating the importance of Sig1R and signifying that higher levels of Sig1R in prostate cancer cells make them more resistant to TRAIL treatment. Here we show that Sig1R is critically involved in TRAIL-induced caspase activation. Furthermore, we show that Sig1R protein is degraded upon TRAIL treatment. Knockdown of Sig1R, by siRNA transfection increased the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to TRAIL. These results indicate that Sig1R could represent a promising molecule to sensitize human breast cancers to TRAIL. Collectively, these studies define Sig1R as a key mediator of TRAIL induction of cancer-specific killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibash Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Leah Persaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Jordan Dejoie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Mireille Happy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Oliver Brannigan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Dayenny De Jesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States
| | - Moira Sauane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Herbert H. Lehman College, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States.
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18
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van Waarde A, Rybczynska AA, Ramakrishnan NK, Ishiwata K, Elsinga PH, Dierckx RAJO. Potential applications for sigma receptor ligands in cancer diagnosis and therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1848:2703-14. [PMID: 25173780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sigma receptors (sigma-1 and sigma-2) represent two independent classes of proteins. Their endogenous ligands may include the hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and sphingolipid-derived amines which interact with sigma-1 receptors, besides steroid hormones (e.g., progesterone) which bind to both sigma receptor subpopulations. The sigma-1 receptor is a ligand-regulated molecular chaperone with various ion channels and G-protein-coupled membrane receptors as clients. The sigma-2 receptor was identified as the progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1). Although sigma receptors are over-expressed in tumors and up-regulated in rapidly dividing normal tissue, their ligands induce significant cell death only in tumor tissue. Sigma ligands may therefore be used to selectively eradicate tumors. Multiple mechanisms appear to underlie cell killing after administration of sigma ligands, and the signaling pathways are dependent both on the type of ligand and the type of tumor cell. Recent evidence suggests that the sigma-2 receptor is a potential tumor and serum biomarker for human lung cancer and an important target for inhibiting tumor invasion and cancer progression. Current radiochemical efforts are focused on the development of subtype-selective radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Right now, the mostpromising tracers are [18F]fluspidine and [18F]FTC-146 for sigma-1 receptors and [11C]RHM-1 and [18F]ISO-1 for the sigma-2 subtype. Nanoparticles coupled to sigma ligands have shown considerable potential for targeted delivery of antitumor drugs in animal models of cancer, but clinical studies exploring this strategy in cancer patients have not yet been reported. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aren van Waarde
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna A Rybczynska
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nisha K Ramakrishnan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiichi Ishiwata
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Research Team for Neuroimaging, 35-2 Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Ghent, University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Cellular stress responses in hepatitis C virus infection: Mastering a two-edged sword. Virus Res 2015; 209:100-17. [PMID: 25836277 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects chronically more than 150 million humans worldwide. Chronic HCV infection causes severe liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. While immune response-mediated events are major players in HCV pathogenesis, the impact that viral replication has on cellular homeostasis is increasingly recognized as a necessary contributor to pathological manifestations of HCV infection such as steatosis, insulin-resistance or liver cancer. In this review, we will briefly overview the different cellular stress pathways that are induced by hepatitis C virus infection, the response that the cell promotes to attempt regaining homeostasis or to induce dysfunctional cell death, and how the virus co-opts these response mechanisms to promote both viral replication and survival of the infected cell. We will review the role of unfolded protein and oxidative stress responses as well as the role of auto- and mitophagy in HCV infection. Finally, we will discuss the recent discovery of a cellular chaperone involved in stress responses, the sigma-1 receptor, as a cellular factor required at the onset of HCV infection and the potential molecular events underlying the proviral role of this cellular factor in HCV infection.
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20
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Pickett JE, Váradi A, Palmer TC, Grinnell SG, Schrock JM, Pasternak GW, Karimov RR, Majumdar S. Mild, Pd-catalyzed stannylation of radioiodination targets. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1761-1764. [PMID: 25777268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Trialkylstannanes are versatile precursors for chemical transformations, including radiolabeling with a variety of halogens, particularly iodine. In the present work a convenient, Pd-mediated stannylation method is presented that can be performed in an open flask. The method is selective for aryl iodides allowing selective stannylations in the presence of other halogen atoms. The reaction conditions are mild, making the method compatible with chemically sensitive bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Pickett
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - András Váradi
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Travis C Palmer
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Steven G Grinnell
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joel M Schrock
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gavril W Pasternak
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rashad R Karimov
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 422, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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21
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Wang WA, Groenendyk J, Michalak M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress associated responses in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Schrock JM, Spino CM, Longen CG, Stabler SM, Marino JC, Pasternak GW, Kim FJ. Sequential cytoprotective responses to Sigma1 ligand-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:751-62. [PMID: 24006496 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.087809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sigma1 receptor (Sigma1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) integral membrane protein that is highly expressed in a number of cancer cell lines. Small molecule compounds targeting Sigma1 (Sigma1 ligands) inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptotic cell death in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in xenograft experiments. However, the cellular pathways activated by Sigma1 protein-ligand interaction are not well defined. Here, we find that treatment with some Sigma1 ligands induces ER stress and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) in a dose- and time-responsive manner in a range of adenocarcinoma cell lines. Autophagy is engaged after extended treatment with Sigma1 ligands, which suggests that protracted UPR results in autophagy as a secondary response. Inhibition of UPR by RNAi-mediated knockdown of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α and activating transcription factor 4 abrogates autophagosome formation, as does knockdown of essential autophagy gene products Beclin1 and autophagy protein 5. Knockdown of Sigma1 also suppresses IPAG [1-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(2-adamantyl) guanidine] induced UPR marker and autophagosome levels, indicating that this response is indeed Sigma1-mediated. We find that UPR activation precedes autophagosome formation and autophagy precedes apoptosis in Sigma1 ligand-treated cells. These processes are reversible, and washout of IPAG before cell death results in a return of autophagosomes and UPR markers toward basal levels. However, inhibition of Sigma1 ligand-induced UPR or autophagy accelerates apoptotic cell death. Together, these data suggest that UPR and autophagy are engaged as primary and secondary cytoprotective responses, respectively, to Sigma1 ligand-induced disruption of cancer cell protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M Schrock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.M.S., C.G.L., F.J.K.); and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.M.S., S.M.S., J.C.M., G.W.P.)
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