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Mamun M, Zheng YC, Wang N, Wang B, Zhang Y, Pang JR, Shen DD, Liu HM, Gao Y. Decoding CLU (Clusterin): Conquering cancer treatment resistance and immunological barriers. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112355. [PMID: 38851158 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
One major obstacle in the treatment of cancer is the presence of proteins resistant to cancer therapy, which can impede the effectiveness of traditional approaches such as radiation and chemotherapy. This resistance can lead to disease progression and cause treatment failure. Extensive research is currently focused on studying these proteins to create tailored treatments that can circumvent resistance mechanisms. CLU (Clusterin), a chaperone protein, has gained notoriety for its role in promoting resistance to a wide range of cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. The protein has also been discovered to have a role in regulating the immunosuppressive environment within tumors. Its ability to influence oncogenic signaling and inhibit cell death bolster cancer cells resistant against treatments, which poses a significant challenge in the field of oncology. Researchers are actively investigating to the mechanisms by which CLU exerts its resistance-promoting effects, with the ultimate goal of developing strategies to circumvent its impact and enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies. By exploring CLU's impact on cancer, resistance mechanisms, tumor microenvironment (TME), and therapeutic strategies, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maa Mamun
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jing-Ru Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Chang L, Wang T, Qu Y, Fan X, Zhou X, Wei Y, Hashimoto K. Identification of novel endoplasmic reticulum-related genes and their association with immune cell infiltration in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:190-203. [PMID: 38604455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence point to an interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors in the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study is aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of MDD by identifying key biomarkers, associated immune infiltration using bioinformatic analysis and human postmortem sample. METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database of GSE98793 was adopted to identify hub genes linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes (ERGs) in MDD. Another GEO database of GSE76826 was employed to validate the novel target associated with ERGs and immune infiltration in MDD. Moreover, human postmortem sample from MDD patients was utilized to confirm the differential expression analysis of hub genes. RESULTS We discovered 12 ER stress-related differentially expressed genes (ERDEGs). A LASSO Cox regression analysis helped construct a diagnostic model for these ERDEGs, incorporating immune infiltration analysis revealed that three hub genes (ERLIN1, SEC61B, and USP13) show the significant and consistent expression differences between the two groups. Western blot analysis of postmortem brain samples indicated notably higher expression levels of ERLIN1 and SEC61B in the MDD group, with USP13 also tending to increase compared to control group. LIMITATIONS The utilization of the MDD gene chip in this analysis was sourced from the GEO database, which possesses a restricted number of pertinent gene chip samples. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that ERDEGs especially including ERLIN1, SEC61B, and USP13 associated the infiltration of immune cells may be potential diagnostic indicators for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Chang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Youge Qu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Xinrong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Thyroid and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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Zhu H, Liu X, Wang X, Li Y, Ma F, Tan B, Zhou P, Fu F, Su R. Gβγ subunit inhibitor decreases DOM-induced head twitch response via the PLCβ/IP3/Ca 2+/ERK and cAMP signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176038. [PMID: 37657742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS (-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) induces the head-twitch response (HTR) primarily by activating the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2A receptor) in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying 5-HT2A receptor activation and the HTR remain elusive. Gβγ subunits are a potential treatment target in numerous diseases. The present study investigated the mechanism whereby Gβγ subunits influence DOM-induced HTR. MAIN METHODS The effects of the Gβγ inhibitor 3',4',5',6'-tetrahydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one (gallein) and antagonistic peptide βARKct (β-adrenergic receptor kinase C-terminal fragment) on DOM-induced HTR were studied via an HTR test. The activation of the phospholipase C β (PLCβ)/inositol triphosphate (IP3)/calcium (Ca2+) signaling pathway and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) following Gβγ subunit inhibition was detected by western blotting, Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) inositol phosphate (IP1) assay and Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) calcium 6 assay. The Gβγ subunit-mediated regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was assessed via a GloSensor™ cAMP assay. KEY FINDINGS The Gβγ subunit inhibitors gallein and βARKct reduced DOM-induced HTR in C57BL/6J mice. Like the 5-HT2A receptor-selective antagonist (R)-[2,3-di(methoxy)phenyl]-[1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl]methanol (M100907), gallein inhibited PLCβ phosphorylation (pPLCβ), IP1 production, Ca2+ transients, ERK1/2 phosphorylation (pERK1/2) and cAMP accumulation induced by DOM in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells stably or transiently transfected with the human 5-HT2A receptor. Moreover, PLCβ protein inhibitor 1-[6-[[(8R,9S,13S,14S,17S)-3-methoxy-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]amino]hexyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione (U73122) (10 nmol/mouse), intracellular Ca2+ blocker 6-[6-[6-[5-acetamido-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(sulfooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-5-sulfooxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(sulfoamino)-4-sulfooxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-sulfooxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid (heparin) (5 nmol/mouse), L-type Ca2+ channel blocker 3-O-(2-methoxyethyl) 5-O-propan-2-yl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (nimodipine) (4 mg/kg), mitogen extracellular regulating kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor (Z)-3-amino-3-(4-aminophenyl)sulfanyl-2-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enenitrile (SL327) (30 mg/kg), and Gαs protein selective antagonist 4,4',4″,4‴-(Carbonylbis-(imino-5,1,3-benzenetriylbis(carbonylimino)))tetrakisbenzene-1,3-disulfonic acid (NF449) (10 nmol/mouse) reduced DOM-induced HTR in C57BL/6J mice. SIGNIFICANCE The Gβγ subunits potentially mediate the HTR after 5-HT2A receptor activation via the PLCβ/IP3/Ca2+/ERK1/2 and cAMP signaling pathways. Inhibitors targeting the Gβγ subunits potentially inhibit the hallucinogenic effects of 5-HT2A receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yulei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Bo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Peilan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Ruibin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27th Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Gross C, Guérin LP, Socol BG, Germain L, Guérin SL. The Ins and Outs of Clusterin: Its Role in Cancer, Eye Diseases and Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13182. [PMID: 37685987 PMCID: PMC10488069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a glycoprotein originally discovered in 1983 in ram testis fluid. Rapidly observed in other tissues, it was initially given various names based on its function in different tissues. In 1992, it was finally named CLU by consensus. Nearly omnipresent in human tissues, CLU is strongly expressed at fluid-tissue interfaces, including in the eye and in particular the cornea. Recent research has identified different forms of CLU, with the most prominent being a 75-80 kDa heterodimeric protein that is secreted. Another truncated version of CLU (55 kDa) is localized to the nucleus and exerts pro-apoptotic activities. CLU has been reported to be involved in various physiological processes such as sperm maturation, lipid transportation, complement inhibition and chaperone activity. CLU was also reported to exert important functions in tissue remodeling, cell-cell adhesion, cell-substratum interaction, cytoprotection, apoptotic cell death, cell proliferation and migration. Hence, this protein is sparking interest in tissue wound healing. Moreover, CLU gene expression is finely regulated by cytokines, growth factors and stress-inducing agents, leading to abnormally elevated levels of CLU in many states of cellular disturbance, including cancer and neurodegenerative conditions. In the eye, CLU expression has been reported as being severely increased in several pathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration and Fuch's corneal dystrophy, while it is depleted in others, such as pathologic keratinization. Nevertheless, the precise role of CLU in the development of ocular pathologies has yet to be deciphered. The question of whether CLU expression is influenced by these disorders or contributes to them remains open. In this article, we review the actual knowledge about CLU at both the protein and gene expression level in wound healing, and explore the possibility that CLU is a key factor in cancer and eye diseases. Understanding the expression and regulation of CLU could lead to the development of novel therapeutics for promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Gross
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Bianca G. Socol
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Markina YV, Kirichenko TV, Tolstik TV, Bogatyreva AI, Zotova US, Cherednichenko VR, Postnov AY, Markin AM. Target and Cell Therapy for Atherosclerosis and CVD. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10308. [PMID: 37373454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and, in particular, atherosclerosis, remain the main cause of death in the world today. Unfortunately, in most cases, CVD therapy begins after the onset of clinical symptoms and is aimed at eliminating them. In this regard, early pathogenetic therapy for CVD remains an urgent problem in modern science and healthcare. Cell therapy, aimed at eliminating tissue damage underlying the pathogenesis of some pathologies, including CVD, by replacing it with various cells, is of the greatest interest. Currently, cell therapy is the most actively developed and potentially the most effective treatment strategy for CVD associated with atherosclerosis. However, this type of therapy has some limitations. In this review, we have tried to summarize the main targets of cell therapy for CVD and atherosclerosis in particular based on the analysis using the PubMed and Scopus databases up to May 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V Markina
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Taisiya V Tolstik
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Ulyana S Zotova
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Anton Yu Postnov
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander M Markin
- Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
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Luo Y, Gou H, Chen X, Li L, Wang X, Xu Y. Lactate inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells via autophagy through the MCT1-mTOR signaling pathway. Bone 2022; 162:116444. [PMID: 35589065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play a crucial role in periodontal bone regeneration. Lactate used to be considered a waste product of glucose metabolism. In recent years, a few pieces of evidence revealed its roles in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, but the standpoints were controversial. This study aims to investigate the effects and the mechanisms of lactate on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). METHODS The hPDLSCs were treated with different concentrations of lactic acid and lactate to differentiate the effects of the acidic PH and ion lactate. Proliferation and cytotoxicity were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and Live/Dead assay. The osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs was analyzed by alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and then osteogenic proteins and genes were measured by western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). To investigate the potential signaling pathways, MCT1 inhibitor, G-protein inhibitors, and rapamycin were used, and then autophagy-related proteins and osteogenic proteins were measured by western blot. RESULTS The inhibition of lactic acid on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs was more significant than lactate at the same concentration. Lactate inhibited the expression of ALP which can be rescued by Gα inhibitor. Alizarin red staining, the protein expression levels of osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPN), osterix (OSX), and beclin1, LC3-II/LC3-I were decreased by lactate and partly rescued by MCT1 inhibitor. Rapamycin restored the protein expression levels of beclin1, LC3-II/LC3-I and OCN, OPN, OSX under the high lactate conditions. CONCLUSIONS Lactate inhibits the expression of ALP via Gα subunit signaling, and inhibits mineralized nodules formation and the expression of osteogenic-related proteins via reducing autophagy through the MCT1-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqing Gou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Locy H, Verhulst S, Cools W, Waelput W, Brock S, Cras L, Schiettecatte A, Jonckheere J, van Grunsven LA, Vanhoeij M, Thielemans K, Breckpot K. Assessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer: A Proposal for Combining Immunohistochemistry and Gene Expression Analysis to Refine Scoring. Front Immunol 2022; 13:794175. [PMID: 35222378 PMCID: PMC8876933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.794175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scoring of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer specimens has gained increasing attention, as TILs have prognostic and predictive value in HER2+ and triple-negative breast cancer. We evaluated the intra- and interrater variability when scoring TILs by visual inspection of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections. We further addressed whether immunohistochemical staining of these sections for immune cell surface markers CD45, CD3, CD4, and CD8 and combination with nanoString nCounter® gene expression analysis could refine TIL scoring. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and fresh-frozen core needle biopsies of 12 female and treatment-naive breast cancer patients were included. Scoring of TILs was performed twice by three independent pathologists with a washout period of 3 days. Increasing intra- and interrater variability was observed with higher TIL numbers. The highest reproducibility was observed on tissue sections stained for CD3 and CD8. The latter TIL scores correlated well with the TIL scores obtained through nanoString nCounter® gene expression analysis. Gene expression analysis also revealed 104 and 62 genes that are positively and negatively related to both TIL scores. In conclusion, integration of immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis is a valuable strategy to refine TIL scoring in breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Locy
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences (BMWE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Hanne Locy, ; Karine Breckpot,
| | | | - Wilfried Cools
- Interfaculty Center Data processing and Statistics, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Waelput
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Brock
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Louise Cras
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences (BMWE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences (BMWE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Hanne Locy, ; Karine Breckpot,
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8
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Poggio P, Sorge M, Seclì L, Brancaccio M. Extracellular HSP90 Machineries Build Tumor Microenvironment and Boost Cancer Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:735529. [PMID: 34722515 PMCID: PMC8551675 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.735529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP90 is released by cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment where it associates with different co-chaperones generating complexes with specific functions, ranging from folding and activation of extracellular clients to the stimulation of cell surface receptors. Emerging data indicate that these functions are essential for tumor growth and progression. The understanding of the exact composition of extracellular HSP90 complexes and the molecular mechanisms at the basis of their functions in the tumor microenvironment may represent the first step to design innovative diagnostic tools and new effective therapies. Here we review the impact of extracellular HSP90 complexes on cancer cell signaling and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Poggio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Seclì
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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9
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Wittwer J, Bradley D. Clusterin and Its Role in Insulin Resistance and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:612496. [PMID: 33717095 PMCID: PMC7946829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.612496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiometabolic syndrome involves a clustering of metabolic and cardiovascular factors which increase the risk of patients developing both Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and cardio/cerebrovascular disease. Although the mechanistic underpinnings of this link remain uncertain, key factors include insulin resistance, excess visceral adiposity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction. Of these, a state of resistance to insulin action in overweight/obese patients appears to be central to the pathophysiologic process. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity-related Type 2 Diabetes, coupled with the fact that cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in this patient population, a more thorough understanding of the cardiometabolic syndrome and potential options to mitigate its risk is imperative. Inherent in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance is an underlying state of chronic inflammation, at least partly in response to excess adiposity. Within obese adipose tissue, an immunomodulatory shift occurs, involving a preponderance of pro-inflammatory immune cells and cytokines/adipokines, along with antigen presentation by adipocytes. Therefore, various adipokines differentially expressed by obese adipocytes may have a significant effect on cardiometabolism. Clusterin is a molecular chaperone that is widely produced by many tissues throughout the body, but is also preferentially overexpressed by obese compared lean adipocytes and relates strongly to multiple components of the cardiometabolic syndrome. Herein, we summarize the known and potential roles of circulating and adipocyte-specific clusterin in cardiometabolism and discuss potential further investigations to determine if clusterin is a viable target to attenuate both metabolic and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wittwer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - David Bradley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Co-activation of macrophages and T cells contribute to chronic GVHD in human IL-6 transgenic humanised mouse model. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:584-596. [PMID: 30772305 PMCID: PMC6441951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Graft-versus host disease (GVHD) is a complication of stem cell transplantation associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Non-specific immune-suppression, the mainstay of treatment, may result in immune-surveillance dysfunction and disease recurrence. Methods We created humanised mice model for chronic GVHD (cGVHD) by injecting cord blood (CB)-derived human CD34+CD38−CD45RA− haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) into hIL-6 transgenic NOD/SCID/Il2rgKO (NSG) newborns, and compared GVHD progression with NSG newborns receiving CB CD34− cells mimicking acute GVHD. We characterised human immune cell subsets, target organ infiltration, T-cell repertoire (TCR) and transcriptome in the humanised mice. Findings In cGVHD humanised mice, we found activation of T cells in the spleen, lung, liver, and skin, activation of macrophages in lung and liver, and loss of appendages in skin, obstruction of bronchioles in lung and portal fibrosis in liver recapitulating cGVHD. Acute GVHD humanised mice showed activation of T cells with skewed TCR repertoire without significant macrophage activation. Interpretation Using humanised mouse models, we demonstrated distinct immune mechanisms contributing acute and chronic GVHD. In cGVHD model, co-activation of human HSPC-derived macrophages and T cells educated in the recipient thymus contributed to delayed onset, multi-organ disease. In acute GVHD model, mature human T cells contained in the graft resulted in rapid disease progression. These humanised mouse models may facilitate future development of new molecular medicine targeting GVHD.
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11
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Xie Y, Shi X, Sheng K, Han G, Li W, Zhao Q, Jiang B, Feng J, Li J, Gu Y. PI3K/Akt signaling transduction pathway, erythropoiesis and glycolysis in hypoxia (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:783-791. [PMID: 30535469 PMCID: PMC6323245 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in erythropoiesis and glycolysis. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) is activated by numerous genes and leads to protein kinase B (Akt) binding to the cell membrane, with the help of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase, in the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway. Threonine and serine phosphorylation contribute to Akt translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and further mediates enzymatic biological effects, including those involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, cell migration, vesicle transport and cell cancerous transformation. As a key downstream protein of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 is closely associated with the concentration of oxygen in the environment. Maintaining stable levels of HIF-1 protein is critical under normoxic conditions; however, HIF-1 levels quickly increase under hypoxic conditions. HIF-1α is involved in the acute hypoxic response associated with erythropoietin, whereas HIF-2α is associated with the response to chronic hypoxia. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt can reduce the synthesis of glycogen and increase glycolysis. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β activity by phosphorylation of its N-terminal serine increases accumulation of cyclin D1, which promotes the cell cycle and improves cell proliferation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is closely associated with a variety of enzymatic biological effects and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbang Xie
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Kuo Sheng
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiong Han
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Baili Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Hematology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Yuhai Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
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12
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Gulati T, Huang C, Caramia F, Raghu D, Paul PJ, Goode RJA, Keam SP, Williams SG, Haupt S, Kleifeld O, Schittenhelm RB, Gamell C, Haupt Y. Proteotranscriptomic Measurements of E6-Associated Protein (E6AP) Targets in DU145 Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1170-1183. [PMID: 29463595 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common cause of cancer-related death in men. E6AP (E6-Associated Protein), an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a transcription cofactor, is elevated in a subset of prostate cancer patients. Genetic manipulations of E6AP in prostate cancer cells expose a role of E6AP in promoting growth and survival of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo However, the effect of E6AP on prostate cancer cells is broad and it cannot be explained fully by previously identified tumor suppressor targets of E6AP, promyelocytic leukemia protein and p27. To explore additional players that are regulated downstream of E6AP, we combined a transcriptomic and proteomic approach. We identified and quantified 16,130 transcripts and 7,209 proteins in castration resistant prostate cancer cell line, DU145. A total of 2,763 transcripts and 308 proteins were significantly altered on knockdown of E6AP. Pathway analyses supported the known phenotypic effects of E6AP knockdown in prostate cancer cells and in parallel exposed novel potential links of E6AP with cancer metabolism, DNA damage repair and immune response. Changes in expression of the top candidates were confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of these, clusterin, a stress-induced chaperone protein, commonly deregulated in prostate cancer, was pursued further. Knockdown of E6AP resulted in increased clusterin transcript and protein levels in vitro and in vivo Concomitant knockdown of E6AP and clusterin supported the contribution of clusterin to the phenotype induced by E6AP. Overall, results from this study provide insight into the potential biological pathways controlled by E6AP in prostate cancer cells and identifies clusterin as a novel target of E6AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twishi Gulati
- From the ‡The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,§Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- ¶Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franco Caramia
- §Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dinesh Raghu
- From the ‡The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,§Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Piotr J Paul
- From the ‡The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,§Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J A Goode
- ¶Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon P Keam
- §Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott G Williams
- ‖Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- From the ‡The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,§Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- **Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- ¶Monash Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cristina Gamell
- From the ‡The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,§Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- From the ‡The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; .,§Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,‡‡Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,§§Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,¶¶Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Peix L, Evans IC, Pearce DR, Simpson JK, Maher TM, McAnulty RJ. Diverse functions of clusterin promote and protect against the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1906. [PMID: 29382921 PMCID: PMC5789849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive scarring disorder of the lung with dismal prognosis and no curative therapy. Clusterin, an extracellular chaperone and regulator of cell functions, is reduced in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. However, its distribution and role in normal and fibrotic human lung are incompletely characterized. Immunohistochemical localization of clusterin revealed strong staining associated with fibroblasts in control lung and morphologically normal areas of fibrotic lung but weak or undetectable staining in fibrotic regions and particularly fibroblastic foci. Clusterin also co-localized with elastin in vessel walls and additionally with amorphous elastin deposits in fibrotic lung. Analysis of primary lung fibroblast isolates in vitro confirmed the down-regulation of clusterin expression in fibrotic compared with control lung fibroblasts and further demonstrated that TGF-β1 is capable of down-regulating fibroblast clusterin expression. shRNA-mediated down-regulation of clusterin did not affect TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation but inhibited fibroblast proliferative responses and sensitized to apoptosis. Down-regulation of clusterin in fibrotic lung fibroblasts at least partly due to increased TGF-β1 may therefore represent an appropriate but insufficient response to limit fibroproliferation. Reduced expression of clusterin in the lung may also limit its extracellular chaperoning activity contributing to dysregulated deposition of extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzy Peix
- UCL Respiratory Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Rayne Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Iona C Evans
- UCL Respiratory Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Rayne Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
- UCL Institute for Woman's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - David R Pearce
- UCL Respiratory Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Rayne Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | | | - Toby M Maher
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- Fibrosis Research Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Robin J McAnulty
- UCL Respiratory Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Rayne Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
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Liu Y, Dhall S, Castro A, Chan A, Alamat R, Martins-Green M. Insulin regulates multiple signaling pathways leading to monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis into the wound tissue. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.026187. [PMID: 29101099 PMCID: PMC5827262 DOI: 10.1242/bio.026187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process that involves sequential phases that overlap in time and space and affect each other dynamically at the gene and protein levels. We previously showed that insulin accelerates wound healing by stimulating faster and regenerative healing. One of the processes that insulin stimulates is an increase in monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis. In this study, we performed experiments in vivo and in vitro to elucidate the signaling transduction pathways that are involved in insulin-induced monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis. We found that insulin stimulates THP-1 cell chemotaxis in a dose-dependent and insulin receptor-dependent manner. We also show that the kinases PI3K-Akt, SPAK/JNK, and p38 MAPK are key molecules in the insulin-induced signaling pathways that lead to chemoattraction of the THP-1 cell. Furthermore, both PI3K-Akt and SPAK/JNK signaling involve Rac1 activation, an important molecule in regulating cell motility. Indeed, topical application of Rac1 inhibitor at an early stage during the healing process caused delayed and impaired healing even in the presence of insulin. These results delineate cell and molecular mechanisms involved in insulin-induced chemotaxis of monocyte/macrophage, cells that are critical for proper healing. Summary: Insulin regulates multiple signaling pathways leading to monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis into the wound tissue, involving -Akt, SPAK/JNK, and p38 MAPK which in turn are involved in Rac1 activation. Furthermore, these results augment our understanding of the insulin-regulated wound inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, ShangHai JiaoTong University School of Medicine Ruijin hospital, Shanghai, P.R.China 200025
| | - Sandeep Dhall
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Anthony Castro
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Alex Chan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Raquelle Alamat
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Manuela Martins-Green
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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15
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Hepatocyte-specific clusterin overexpression attenuates diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:1775-1781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Tucureanu MM, Rebleanu D, Constantinescu CA, Deleanu M, Voicu G, Butoi E, Calin M, Manduteanu I. Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in monocytes/macrophages is blocked by liposomal delivery of G i-protein inhibitor. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 13:63-76. [PMID: 29317816 PMCID: PMC5743190 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s150918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widely recognized as a potent activator of monocytes/macrophages, and its effects include an altered production of key mediators, such as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The involvement of Gi protein in mediating LPS effects has been demonstrated in murine macrophages and various cell types of human origin. Purpose The aim of the present work was to evaluate the potential of a Gi-protein inhibitor encapsulated in liposomes in reducing the inflammatory effects induced by LPS in monocytes/macrophages. Materials and methods Guanosine 5′-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GOT), a guanosine diphosphate analog that completely inhibits G-protein activation by guanosine triphosphate and its analogs, was encapsulated into liposomes and tested for anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-activated THP1 monocytes or THP1-derived macrophages. The viability of monocytes/macrophages after incubation with different concentrations of free GOT or liposome-encapsulated GOT was assessed by MTT assay. MAPK activation and production of IL1β, TNFα, IL6, and MCP1 were assessed in LPS-activated monocytes/macrophages in the presence or absence of free or encapsulated GOT. In addition, the effect of free or liposome-encapsulated GOT on LPS-stimulated monocyte adhesion to activated endothelium and on monocyte chemotaxis was evaluated. Results We report here that GOT-loaded liposomes inhibited activation of MAPK and blocked the production of the cytokines IL1β, TNFα, IL6, and MCP1 induced by LPS in monocytes and macrophages. Moreover, GOT encapsulated in liposomes reduced monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis. All demonstrated events were in contrast with free GOT, which showed reduced or no effect on monocyte/macrophage activation with LPS. Conclusion This study demonstrates the potential of liposomal GOT in blocking LPS proinflammatory effects in monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Madalina Tucureanu
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Rebleanu
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Ana Constantinescu
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Deleanu
- Department of Lipidomics, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Geanina Voicu
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Butoi
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Manuela Calin
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Manduteanu
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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Toll-like receptor 4 signaling is required for clusterin-induced tumor necrosis factor-α secretion in macrophage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:1407-1412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Activation of Adenosine 2A receptor inhibits neutrophil apoptosis in an autophagy-dependent manner in mice with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33614. [PMID: 27647162 PMCID: PMC5028892 DOI: 10.1038/srep33614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an overwhelming whole body inflammation caused by infectious diseases or sterile insults. Neutrophils are the dominant participants during inflammation, and their survival and death determine the initiation as well as resolution of SIRS. Apoptosis and autophagy are two fundamental cellular processes that modulating cell fate, but their correlation and regulators in neutrophils under SIRS condition have not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that high dose of LPS induced both apoptosis and autophagy of neutrophils in a mouse SIRS model and LPS-stimulated neutrophils in vitro. Moreover, we found that the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR), a known anti-inflammatory G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), could inhibit LPS-induced neutrophil apoptosis by suppressing the LPS-induced autophagy. Activation of A2AR suppressed LPS-induced autophagy by inhibiting the ROS-JNK pathway as well as promoting GPCR βϒ subunit–AKT signaling. The A2AR-inhibited autophagy suppressed apoptosis of neutrophils by blocking caspase8, caspase3 and PARP signaling. These findings not only increase our understandings of neutrophils’ fate and function in response to systemic inflammation, but also identify a novel anti-inflammatory role of A2AR in modulating neutrophils’ survival during inflammation.
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O'Neill PR, Gautam N. Subcellular optogenetic inhibition of G proteins generates signaling gradients and cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2305-14. [PMID: 24920824 PMCID: PMC4116304 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-04-0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells sense gradients of extracellular cues and generate polarized responses such as cell migration and neurite initiation. There is static information on the intracellular signaling molecules involved in these responses, but how they dynamically orchestrate polarized cell behaviors is not well understood. A limitation has been the lack of methods to exert spatial and temporal control over specific signaling molecules inside a living cell. Here we introduce optogenetic tools that act downstream of native G protein-coupled receptor (GPCRs) and provide direct control over the activity of endogenous heterotrimeric G protein subunits. Light-triggered recruitment of a truncated regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) protein or a Gβγ-sequestering domain to a selected region on the plasma membrane results in localized inhibition of G protein signaling. In immune cells exposed to spatially uniform chemoattractants, these optogenetic tools allow us to create reversible gradients of signaling activity. Migratory responses generated by this approach show that a gradient of active G protein αi and βγ subunits is sufficient to generate directed cell migration. They also provide the most direct evidence so for a global inhibition pathway triggered by Gi signaling in directional sensing and adaptation. These optogenetic tools can be applied to interrogate the mechanistic basis of other GPCR-modulated cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R O'Neill
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - N Gautam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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