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Liu JC, Zhao XY, Wu ML, Shi YF, Huang ZP, Fang LP, Zhu C, Peng X, Shi ZL, Lan LJ, Ji WL, Luo L, Feng L, Zhang ZL, Xu DE, Li S, Qin ZH, Sun YY, Schachner M, Ma QH. GPR50 regulates neuronal development as a mitophagy receptor. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:591. [PMID: 39143050 PMCID: PMC11324738 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Neurons rely heavily on high mitochondrial metabolism to provide sufficient energy for proper development. However, it remains unclear how neurons maintain high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during development. Mitophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining mitochondrial quality and quantity. We herein describe that G protein-coupled receptor 50 (GPR50) is a novel mitophagy receptor, which harbors the LC3-interacting region (LIR) and is required in mitophagy under stress conditions. Although it does not localize in mitochondria under normal culturing conditions, GPR50 is recruited to the depolarized mitochondrial membrane upon mitophagy stress, which marks the mitochondrial portion and recruits the assembling autophagosomes, eventually facilitating the mitochondrial fragments to be engulfed by the autophagosomes. Mutations Δ502-505 and T532A attenuate GPR50-mediated mitophagy by disrupting the binding of GPR50 to LC3 and the mitochondrial recruitment of GPR50. Deficiency of GPR50 causes the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and disrupts OXPHOS, resulting in insufficient ATP production and excessive ROS generation, eventually impairing neuronal development. GPR50-deficient mice exhibit impaired social recognition, which is rescued by prenatal treatment with mitoQ, a mitochondrially antioxidant. The present study identifies GPR50 as a novel mitophagy receptor that is required to maintain mitochondrial OXPHOS in developing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chuan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Ming-Lei Wu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Yi-Fan Shi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Ze-Ping Huang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Li-Pao Fang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Zi-Ling Shi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Li-Jun Lan
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Wen-Li Ji
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zeng-Li Zhang
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - De-En Xu
- The Wuxi No.2 People Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Institute of Health Technology, Suzhou Gaobo Vocational College, Suzhou High-Technology District, Science & Technology Town, 5 Qingshan Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, PR China
| | - Yan-Yun Sun
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China.
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Zhao W, Xi L, Yu G, Wang G, Chang C. High expression of GPR50 promotes the proliferation, migration and autophagy of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00772-9. [PMID: 37378811 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in tumorigenesis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). GPR50 is an orphan GPCR. Previous studies have indicated that GPR50 could protect against breast cancer development and decrease tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. However, its role in HCC remains indistinct. To detect the role and the regulation mechanism of GPR50 in HCC, GPR50 expression was analyzed in HCC patients (gene expression omnibus database (GEO) (GSE45436)) and detected in HCC cell line CBRH-7919, and the results showed that GPR50 was significantly up-regulated in HCC patients and CBRH-7919 cell line compared to the corresponding normal control. Gpr50 cDNA was transfected into HCC cell line CBRH-7919, and we found that Gpr50 promoted the proliferation, migration, and autophagy of CBRH-7919. The regulation mechanism of GPR50 in HCC was detected by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) analysis, and we found that GPR50 promoted HCC was closely related to CCT6A and PGK1. Taken together, GPR50 may promote HCC progression via CCT6A-induced proliferation and PGK1-induced migration and autophagy, and GPR50 could be an important target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Henan Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lingling Xi
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Henan Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Gaiping Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Henan Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Henan Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Xu W, Dahlke SP, Sung M, Samal B, Emery AC, Elkahloun A, Eiden LE. ERK-dependent induction of the immediate-early gene Egr1 and the late gene Gpr50 contribute to two distinct phases of PACAP Gs-GPCR signaling for neuritogenesis. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13182. [PMID: 35841324 PMCID: PMC9529758 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gs-coupled GPCR-stimulated neuritogenesis in PC12 and NS-1 - cells depends on activation of the MAP kinase ERK. Here, we examine changes in ERK activation (phosphorylation), and the time course of ERK-dependent gene induction, to seek transcriptional determinants for this process. Quenching of ERK activation by inhibition of MEK with U0126 at any time point for at least 24 h following addition of PACAP resulted in arrest of neurite formation. Changes in the transcriptome profile throughout this time period revealed at least two phases of gene induction: an early phase dominated by induction of immediate-early genes, and a later phase of gene induction after 4-6 h of exposure to PACAP with persistent elevation of phospho-ERK levels. Genes induced by PACAP in both phases consisted in those whose induction was dependent on ERK (i.e., blocked by U0126), and some whose induction was blocked by the protein kinase A inhibitor H89. ERK-dependent "late gene" transcripts included Gpr50, implicated earlier in facilitation of NGF-induced neurite formation in NS-1 cells. Gpr50 induction by PACAP, but not NGF, was dependent on the guanine nucleotide exchange factor RapGEF2, which has been shown to be required for PACAP-induced neuritogenesis in NS-1 cells. Expression of a Gpr50-directed shRNA lowered basal levels of Gpr50 mRNA and attenuated Gpr50 mRNA and GPR50 protein induction by PACAP, with a corresponding attenuation of PACAP-induced neuritogenesis. Gs-GPCR-stimulated neuritogenesis first requires immediate-early gene induction, including that of Egr1 (Zif268/NGF1A/Krox24) as previously reported. This early phase of gene induction, however, is insufficient to maintain the neuritogenic process without ERK-dependent induction of additional late genes, including Gpr50, upon continuous exposure to neurotrophic neuropeptide. Early (Egr1) and late (Gpr50) gene induction by NGF, like that for PACAP, was inhibited by U0126, but was independent of RapGEF2, confirming distinct modes of ERK activation by Gs-coupled GPCRs and neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinases, converging on a final common ERK-dependent signaling pathway for neuritogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Xu
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program
| | - Sam P. Dahlke
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program
| | - Michelle Sung
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program
| | - Babru Samal
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program
| | - Andrew C. Emery
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program
| | - Abdel Elkahloun
- Microarray Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lee E. Eiden
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health-Intramural Research Program
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Wei SW, Zou MM, Huan J, Li D, Zhang PF, Lu MH, Xiong J, Ma YX. Role of the hydrogen sulfide-releasing donor ADT-OH in the regulation of mammal neural precursor cells. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2877-2887. [PMID: 35342944 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) generate new neurons to supplement neuronal loss as well as to repair damaged neural circuits. Therefore, NPCs have potential applications in a variety of neurological diseases, such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and glaucoma. Specifically, improving NPCs proliferation and manipulating their differentiated cell types can be a beneficial therapy for a variety of these diseases. ADT-OH is a slow-releasing organic H2 S donor that produces a slow and continuous release of H2 S to maintain normal brain functions. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of ADT-OH on NPCs. Our results demonstrated that ADT-OH promotes self-renewal and antiapoptosis ability of cultured NPCs. Additionally, it facilitates more NPCs to differentiate into neurons and oligodendrocytes, while inhibiting their differentiation into astrocytes. Furthermore, it enhances axonal growth. Moreover, we discovered that the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin, TCF7L2, c-Myc, Ngn1, and Ngn2, which are key genes that regulate NPCs self-renewal and differentiation, were increased in the presence of ADT-OH. Altogether, these results indicate that ADT-OH may be a promising drug to regulate the neurogenesis of NPCs, and needs to be studied in the future for clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Wen Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Huan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Hong Lu
- School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xia Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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GPR50 participates in and promotes yak oocyte maturation: A new potential oocyte regulatory molecule. Theriogenology 2022; 181:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ahmad R, Lahuna O, Sidibe A, Daulat A, Zhang Q, Luka M, Guillaume JL, Gallet S, Guillonneau F, Hamroune J, Polo S, Prévot V, Delagrange P, Dam J, Jockers R. GPR50-Ctail cleavage and nuclear translocation: a new signal transduction mode for G protein-coupled receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5189-5205. [PMID: 31900622 PMCID: PMC11105015 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transmission of extracellular signals by G protein-coupled receptors typically relies on a cascade of intracellular events initiated by the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins or β-arrestins followed by effector activation/inhibition. Here, we report an alternative signal transduction mode used by the orphan GPR50 that relies on the nuclear translocation of its carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD). Activation of the calcium-dependent calpain protease cleaves off the CTD from the transmembrane-bound GPR50 core domain between Phe-408 and Ser-409 as determined by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry. The cytosolic CTD then translocates into the nucleus assisted by its 'DPD' motif, where it interacts with the general transcription factor TFII-I to regulate c-fos gene transcription. RNA-Seq analysis indicates a broad role of the CTD in modulating gene transcription with ~ 8000 differentially expressed genes. Our study describes a non-canonical, direct signaling mode of GPCRs to the nucleus with similarities to other receptor families such as the NOTCH receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raise Ahmad
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lahuna
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Anissa Sidibe
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Avais Daulat
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Guillaume
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Gallet
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, U837, Lille, France
| | - François Guillonneau
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Hamroune
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Polo
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216, CNRS, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Delagrange
- Pôle D'Innovation Thérapeutique Neuropsychiatrie, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France.
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Yuan X, He F, Zheng F, Xu Y, Zou J. Interferon-gamma Facilitates Neurogenesis by Activating Wnt/β-catenin Cell Signaling Pathway via Promotion of STAT1 Regulation of the β-Catenin Promoter. Neuroscience 2020; 448:219-233. [PMID: 32860934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is critical for central nervous system (CNS) functions and it may be a promising treatment to stimulate CNS regeneration. However, previous studies reported inconsistent results, and the molecular mechanisms remain controversial. Here we show that IFN-γ-treated mice via intraperitoneal injection have elevated IFN-γ level in central hippocampus and superior cognitive behaviors IFN-γ could activates the level of protein expression of Wnt7a, β-catenin, and CyclinD1 in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway of mice hippocampus. Functional and mechanism analysis in vitro revealed that IFN-γ promoted the proliferation and differentiation in primary cultured neural stem cells (NSCs). STAT1 was accountable for IFN-γ-induced activation of the β-catenin promoter, and IFN-γ increased the binding affinity of STAT1 to β-catenin promoter based on luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Our results suggest that IFN-γ exerts many effects ranging from cognitive function in vivo to NSC proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation in vitro. It does so by recruiting STAT1 to the β-catenin promoter, enhancing cis-regulation by STAT1, and ultimately activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In this study, we first found that STAT1 was recruited into the promoter of β-catenin to activate β-catenin expression, and this effect was regulated by IFN-γ. It is also discovered firstly that Wnt/β-catenin and JAK/STAT pathways form cross-links through STAT1. Promoting neurogenesis through immune stimulation might be a promising strategy for repairing the diseased/injured CNS. This study provides a scientific basis for immunomodulation to promote nerve regeneration and offer a new therapeutic direction for central nervous system regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxiang Zheng
- Institute of Human Virology and Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Zou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Li Q, Zhang Y, Ge BY, Li N, Sun HL, Ntim M, Sun YP, Wu XF, Yang JY, Li S. GPR50 Distribution in the Mouse Cortex and Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2312-2323. [PMID: 32696324 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 50 (GPR50) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor which is highly homologous with the sequence of melatonin receptor MT1 and MT2. GPR50 expression has previously been reported in many brain regions, like cortex, midbrain, pons, amygdala. But, the distribution of GPR50 in the hippocampus and cortex and the cell types expressing GPR50 is not yet clear. In this study, we examined the distribution of GPR50 in adult male mice by immunofluorescence. Our results showed that GPR50 was localized in the CA1-3 pyramidal cells and the granule cells of the dentate gyrus. GPR50 was also expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. As inhibitory neurons also contain many types, we found that GPR50 was localized in some interneurons in which it was co-expressed with the calcium-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin. Besides, similar results were seen in the cortex. The widespread expression of GPR50 in the hippocampus and cortex suggests that GPR50 may be associated with synaptic plasticity and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifa Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Ying Ge
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai- Lun Sun
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Ntim
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Fei Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yi Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Dalian Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shao Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Xu L, Shen J, Dai S, Sun L, Chen X. Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuated Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity by Enhancing Autophagy through GPR50/CREB Pathway in SH-SY5Y Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:945-966. [PMID: 32476431 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine has shown neuroprotective and axonal outgrowth-promoting effects and can improve cognitive deficit in a rat model of chronic hypoperfusion. However, the role of tetramethylpyrazine in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity is still vague. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine on sevoflurane-induced autophagy, apoptosis, and the expression of BACE1 and A[Formula: see text] in SH-SY5Y cells. We measured the expression levels of the apoptosis protein markers Bax and Bcl-2, autophagy protein markers Atg5 and LC3-II, BACE1, and A[Formula: see text] in SH-SY5Y cells after sevoflurane treatment and determined the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on sevoflurane-induced expression of these proteins after silencing GPR50 or Atg5 with siRNA in vitro. We found that exposure to 3.4% sevoflurane for 6 h decreased the expression of autophagy protein markers and increased the expression of the apoptosis protein markers, BACE1, and A[Formula: see text] in SH-SY5Y cells. The number of red puncta (autolysosomes) and yellow puncta (autophagosomes) in each SH-SY5Y cell decreased after transient transfection with the mRFP-GFP-LC3 expression plasmid. Silencing of GPR50 decreased the expression of pCREB, Atg5, and LC3-II, while silencing of Atg5 increased the expression of BACE1 and A[Formula: see text] in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results demonstrate that tetramethylpyrazine attenuated sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by enhancing autophagy through the GPR50/CREB pathway in SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaobing Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
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11
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Conrad D, Wilker S, Schneider A, Karabatsiakis A, Pfeiffer A, Kolassa S, Freytag V, Vukojevic V, Vogler C, Milnik A, Papassotiropoulos A, J.‐F. de Quervain D, Elbert T, Kolassa I. Integrated genetic, epigenetic, and gene set enrichment analyses identify NOTCH as a potential mediator for PTSD risk after trauma: Results from two independent African cohorts. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13288. [PMID: 30328613 PMCID: PMC7379258 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases with the number of traumatic event types experienced (trauma load) in interaction with other psychobiological risk factors. The NOTCH (neurogenic locus notch homolog proteins) signaling pathway, consisting of four different trans-membrane receptor proteins (NOTCH1-4), constitutes an evolutionarily well-conserved intercellular communication pathway (involved, e.g., in cell-cell interaction, inflammatory signaling, and learning processes). Its association with fear memory consolidation makes it an interesting candidate for PTSD research. We tested for significant associations of common genetic variants of NOTCH1-4 (investigated by microarray) and genomic methylation of saliva-derived DNA with lifetime PTSD risk in independent cohorts from Northern Uganda (N1 = 924) and Rwanda (N2 = 371), and investigated whether NOTCH-related gene sets were enriched for associations with lifetime PTSD risk. We found associations of lifetime PTSD risk with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2074621 (NOTCH3) (puncorrected = 0.04) in both cohorts, and with methylation of CpG site cg17519949 (NOTCH3) (puncorrected = 0.05) in Rwandans. Yet, none of the (epi-)genetic associations survived multiple testing correction. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed enrichment for associations of two NOTCH pathways with lifetime PTSD risk in Ugandans: NOTCH binding (pcorrected = 0.003) and NOTCH receptor processing (pcorrected = 0.01). The environmental factor trauma load was significant in all analyses (all p < 0.001). Our integrated methodological approach suggests NOTCH as a possible mediator of PTSD risk after trauma. The results require replication, and the precise underlying pathophysiological mechanisms should be illuminated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Conrad
- Clinical Psychology and NeuropsychologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and EducationUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Sarah Wilker
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and EducationUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Anna Schneider
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and EducationUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Alexander Karabatsiakis
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and EducationUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Anett Pfeiffer
- Clinical Psychology and NeuropsychologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | | | - Virginie Freytag
- Division of Molecular NeuroscienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Vanja Vukojevic
- Division of Molecular NeuroscienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training FacilityUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Psychiatric University ClinicsUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Christian Vogler
- Division of Molecular NeuroscienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Psychiatric University ClinicsUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Annette Milnik
- Division of Molecular NeuroscienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Psychiatric University ClinicsUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Division of Molecular NeuroscienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department Biozentrum, Life Sciences Training FacilityUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Psychiatric University ClinicsUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Dominique J.‐F. de Quervain
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Psychiatric University ClinicsUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Division of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Elbert
- Clinical Psychology and NeuropsychologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Iris‐Tatjana Kolassa
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and EducationUlm UniversityUlmGermany
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12
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Chen W, Ji H, Li L, Xu C, Zou T, Cui W, Xu S, Zhou X, Duan S, Wang Q. Significant association between GPR50 hypomethylation and AD in males. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1085-1092. [PMID: 31173244 PMCID: PMC6625449 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. G protein coupled receptor 50 (GPR50) is a candidate gene for AD. The present study was designed to determine the association between GPR50 methylation and AD. The methylation levels of the GPR50 promoter in 51 patients with AD and 61 healthy controls were determined by bisulfite pyrophosphate sequencing. All participants were Han Chinese, living in Ningbo. It was identified that the GPR50 promoter methylation level was significantly decreased in the male AD group compared with the male control group (9.15 vs. 16.67%, P=0.002). In addition, it was observed that the GPR50 methylation levels of the females was significantly increased compared with that of males in both the patients with AD and the healthy control group (AD patient group: 33.00 vs. 9.15%, P<0.0001; healthy control group: 29.41 vs. 16.67%, P<0.0001). This may be explained by the fact that GPR50 is located on the X chromosome. In addition, GPR50 methylation was positively correlated with plasma cholinesterase levels in female patients with AD (r=0.489, P=0.039). The present study demonstrated that hypomethylation of the GPR50 promoter in peripheral blood may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of AD in Chinese Han males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Liping Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Chunshuang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zou
- Department of Internal Medicine for Cadres, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine for Cadres, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Qinwen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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13
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Strassheim D, Karoor V, Stenmark K, Verin A, Gerasimovskaya E. A current view of G protein-coupled receptor - mediated signaling in pulmonary hypertension: finding opportunities for therapeutic intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 31380505 PMCID: PMC6677404 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2018.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathological vascular remodeling is observed in various cardiovascular diseases including pulmonary hypertension (PH), a disease of unknown etiology that has been characterized by pulmonary artery vasoconstriction, right ventricular hypertrophy, vascular inflammation, and abnormal angiogenesis in pulmonary circulation. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family in the genome and widely expressed in cardiovascular system. They regulate all aspects of PH pathophysiology and represent therapeutic targets. We overview GPCRs function in vasoconstriction, vasodilation, vascular inflammation-driven remodeling and describe signaling cross talk between GPCR, inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. Overall, the goal of this review is to emphasize the importance of GPCRs as critical signal transducers and targets for drug development in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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14
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Khan MZ, He L. Neuro-psychopharmacological perspective of Orphan receptors of Rhodopsin (class A) family of G protein-coupled receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1181-1207. [PMID: 28289782 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the central nervous system (CNS), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most fruitful targets for neuropsychopharmacological drug development. Rhodopsin (class A) is the most studied class of GPCR and includes orphan receptors for which the endogenous ligand is not known or is unclear. Characterization of orphan GPCRs has proven to be challenging, and the production pace of GPCR-based drugs has been incredibly slow. OBJECTIVE Determination of the functions of these receptors may provide unexpected insight into physiological and neuropathological processes. Advances in various methods and techniques to investigate orphan receptors including in situ hybridization and knockdown/knockout (KD/KO) showed extensive expression of these receptors in the mammalian brain and unmasked their physiological and neuropathological roles. Due to these rapid progress and development, orphan GPCRs are rising as a new and promising class of drug targets for neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION This review presents a neuropsychopharmacological perspective of 26 orphan receptors of rhodopsin (class A) family, namely GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, GPR17, GPR26, GPR35, GPR39, GPR48, GPR49, GPR50, GPR52, GPR55, GPR61, GPR62, GPR63, GPR68, GPR75, GPR78, GPR83, GPR84, GPR85, GPR88, GPR153, GPR162, GPR171, and TAAR6. We discussed the expression of these receptors in mammalian brain and their physiological roles. Furthermore, we have briefly highlighted their roles in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, neuroinflammation, inflammatory pain, bipolar and schizophrenic disorders, epilepsy, anxiety, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China.
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
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15
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Zhang X, Zhu C, Luo Q, Dong J, Liu L, Li M, Zhu H, Ma X, Wang J. Impact of siRNA targeting of β-catenin on differentiation of rat neural stem cells and gene expression of Ngn1 and BMP4 following in vitro hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3595-601. [PMID: 27573468 PMCID: PMC5042732 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible damage-repair mechanisms of neural stem cells (NSCs) following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). NSCs obtained from Sprague Dawley rats were treated with tissue homogenate from normal or HIBD tissue, and β-catenin expression was silenced using siRNA. The differentiation of NSCs was observed by immunofluorescence, and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of Ngn1 and BMP4 in the NSCs. Compared with control NSCs, culture with brain tissue homogenate significantly increased the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and oligodendrocytes (P<0.05), whereas differentiation into astrocytes was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with negative control-transfected cells, knockdown of β-catenin expression significantly decreased the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and oligodendrocytes (P<0.01), whereas the percentage of NSCs differentiated into astrocytes was significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with control NSCs, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Ngn1 were significantly increased (P<0.01) and BMP4 levels were significantly reduced (P<0.01) by exposure of the cells to brain tissue homogenate. Compared with the negative control plasmid-transfected NSCs, the levels of Ngn1 mRNA and protein were significantly reduced by β-catenin siRNA (P<0.01), whereas BMP4 levels were significantly increased (P<0.01). In summary, the damaged brain tissues in HIBD may promote NSCs to differentiate into neurons for self-repair processes. β-Catenin, BMP4 and Ngn1 may be important for the coordination of NSC proliferation and differentiation following HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Cuicui Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jv Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Lv Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xiangping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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16
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Helfer G, Tups A. Hypothalamic Wnt Signalling and its Role in Energy Balance Regulation. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28:12368. [PMID: 26802435 PMCID: PMC4797366 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signalling and its downstream effectors are well known for their roles in embryogenesis and tumourigenesis, including the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. In the nervous system, Wnt signalling has been described mainly during embryonic development, although accumulating evidence suggests that it also plays a major role in adult brain morphogenesis and function. Studies have predominantly concentrated on memory formation in the hippocampus, although recent data indicate that Wnt signalling is also critical for neuroendocrine control of the developed hypothalamus, a brain centre that is key in energy balance regulation and whose dysfunction is implicated in metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Based on scattered findings that report the presence of Wnt molecules in the tanycytes and ependymal cells lining the third ventricle and arcuate nucleus neurones of the hypothalamus, their potential importance in key regions of food intake and body weight regulation has been investigated in recent studies. The present review brings together current knowledge on Wnt signalling in the hypothalamus of adult animals and discusses the evidence suggesting a key role for members of the Wnt signalling family in glucose and energy balance regulation in the hypothalamus in diet-induced and genetically obese (leptin deficient) mice. Aspects of Wnt signalling in seasonal (photoperiod sensitive) rodents are also highlighted, given the recent evidence indicating that the Wnt pathway in the hypothalamus is not only regulated by diet and leptin, but also by photoperiod in seasonal animals, which is connected to natural adaptive changes in food intake and body weight. Thus, Wnt signalling appears to be critical as a modulator for normal functioning of the physiological state in the healthy adult brain, and is also crucial for normal glucose and energy homeostasis where its dysregulation can lead to a range of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Helfer
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenBucksburnAberdeenUK
| | - A. Tups
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Brain Health Research CentreDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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17
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Khan MZ, He L, Zhuang X. The emerging role of GPR50 receptor in brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:121-128. [PMID: 26898433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR50 receptor one of the member of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is extensively expressed in the pituitary, hypothalamus,cortex, midbrain, pons, amygdala, and in several brainstem nuclei. The exact function of this receptor in brain is remains unclear. This review presents current knowledge regarding the function of GPR50 receptor in brain, with a focus on role of this receptor in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling, leptin signaling, adaptive thermogenesis, torpor, neurite outgrowth, and self-renewal and neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells NPCs. Although the results are encouraging, further research is needed to clarify GPR50 role in neurobiology of mood disorders, adaptive thermogenesis, torpor, and in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ling He
- China Pharmaceutical University, Department of Pharmacology, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing,Jiang Su Province 210009, China
| | - Xuxu Zhuang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Department of Pharmacology, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing,Jiang Su Province 210009, China
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