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Safe S. Specificity Proteins (Sp) and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5164. [PMID: 36982239 PMCID: PMC10048989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) Sp1, Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4 exhibit structural and functional similarities in cancer cells and extensive studies of Sp1 show that it is a negative prognostic factor for patients with multiple tumor types. In this review, the role of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 in the development of cancer and their regulation of pro-oncogenic factors and pathways is reviewed. In addition, interactions with non-coding RNAs and the development of agents that target Sp transcription factors are also discussed. Studies on normal cell transformation into cancer cell lines show that this transformation process is accompanied by increased levels of Sp1 in most cell models, and in the transformation of muscle cells into rhabdomyosarcoma, both Sp1 and Sp3, but not Sp4, are increased. The pro-oncogenic functions of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 in cancer cell lines were studied in knockdown studies where silencing of each individual Sp TF decreased cancer growth, invasion and induced apoptosis. Silencing of an individual Sp TF was not compensated for by the other two and it was concluded that Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 are examples of non-oncogene addicted genes. This conclusion was strengthened by the results of Sp TF interactions with non-coding microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs where Sp1 contributed to pro-oncogenic functions of Sp/non-coding RNAs. There are now many examples of anticancer agents and pharmaceuticals that induce downregulation/degradation of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4, yet clinical applications of drugs specifically targeting Sp TFs are not being used. The application of agents targeting Sp TFs in combination therapies should be considered for their potential to enhance treatment efficacy and decrease toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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2
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Triptolide impairs glycolysis by suppressing GATA4/Sp1/PFKP signaling axis in mouse Sertoli cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 425:115606. [PMID: 34087332 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), a primary bioactive ingredient isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TWHF), has attracted great interest for its therapeutic biological activities in inflammation and autoimmune disease. However, its clinical use is limited by severe testicular toxicity, and the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Our preliminary evidence demonstrated that TP disrupted glucose metabolism and caused testicular toxicity. During spermatogenesis, Sertoli cells (SCs) provide lactate as an energy source to germ cells by glycolysis. The transcription factors GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) and specificity protein 1 (Sp1) can regulate glycolysis. Based on this evidence, we speculate that TP causes abnormal glycolysis in SCs by influencing the expression of the transcription factors GATA4 and Sp1. The mechanism of TP-induced testicular toxicity was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The data indicated that TP decreased glucose consumption, lactate production, and the mRNA levels of glycolysis-related transporters and enzymes. TP also downregulated the protein expression of the transcription factors GATA4 and Sp1, as well as the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase platelet (PFKP). Phosphorylated GATA4 and nuclear GATA4 protein levels were reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner after TP incubation. Similar effects were observed in shGata4-treated TM4 cells and BALB/c mice administered 0.4 mg/kg TP for 28 days, and glycolysis was also inhibited. Gata4 knockdown downregulated Sp1 and PFKP expression. Furthermore, the Sp1 inhibitor plicamycin inhibited PFKP protein levels in TM4 cells. In conclusion, TP inhibited GATA4-mediated glycolysis by suppressing Sp1-dependent PFKP expression in SCs and caused testicular toxicity.
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Long C, Xu QB, Ding L, Yang L, Ji W, Gao F, Ji Y. Triptolide inhibits human telomerase reverse transcriptase by downregulating translation factors SP1 and c-Myc in Epstein-Barr virus-positive B lymphocytes. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:280. [PMID: 33732356 PMCID: PMC7905526 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mainly causes infectious mononucleosis and is associated with several neoplasms, including Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoproliferative disease. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) regulates enzymatic activity of telomerase and is closely associated with tumorigenesis and senescence evasion. Triptolide (TP) is a diterpenoid triepoxide, with a broad-spectrum anticancer and immunosuppressive bioactivity profile. The present study investigated whether TP inhibited hTERT expression and suppressed its activity. The mRNA and protein levels of hTERT were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. The activity of hTERT promoter was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were performed to analyze cell proliferation. The present study used EBV-positive B lymphoma cells as a model system, and the results demonstrated that TP significantly decreased hTERT transcription and protein expression. Mechanistically, TP attenuated the hTERT promoter activity by downregulating the expression levels of specificityprotein 1 and c-Myc transcription factors. Consistently, inhibition of hTERT via shRNA transfection efficiently enhanced the suppression of cell proliferation by TP. Furthermore, TP increased virus latent replication and promoted the lytic cycle of EBV in EBV-positive B lymphoma cells, increasing the number of lytic cells and inhibiting the viability of tumor cells. Taken together, the results of the present study revealed a molecular mechanism of the pharmacological inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by TP, encouraging the translation of TP-based therapeutics in EBV-positive B lymphoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Long
- Clinical Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Bo Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Li Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- Clinical Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
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Curcumin Inhibits Proliferation of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Inhibiting EBV Nuclear Antigen 1 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8592921. [PMID: 31687403 PMCID: PMC6800953 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8592921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This investigation aims to study the effect of curcumin on the proliferation, cycle arrest, and apoptosis of Epstein-Barr virus- (EBV-) positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. EBV+ NPC cells were subjected to curcumin treatment. The cell viability was evaluated with the CCK-8. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis. Expression (protein and mRNA) levels were detected with western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. Curcumin efficiently reduced the viability of EBV+ NPC cells. Curcumin induced the cycle arrest of the HONE1 and HK1-EBV cells positive for EBV. Moreover, curcumin treatment promoted the NPC cell apoptosis, via the mitochondria- and death receptor-mediated pathways. Furthermore, curcumin decreased the expression of EBNA1 in the HONE1 and HK1-EBV cells and inhibited the transcriptional level of EBNA1 in the HeLa cells. Curcumin induced EBNA1 degradation via the proteasome-ubiquitin pathway. In addition, curcumin inhibited the proliferation of HONE1 and HK1-EBV cells positive for EBV, probably by decreasing the expression level of EBNA1. In both the HONE1 and HK1-EBV cells, curcumin inhibited the EBV latent and lytic replication. Curcumin could reduce the EBNA1 expression and exert antitumor effects against NPC in vitro.
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Chen X, Tang WJ, Shi JB, Liu MM, Liu XH. Therapeutic strategies for targeting telomerase in cancer. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:532-585. [PMID: 31361345 DOI: 10.1002/med.21626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Telomere and telomerase play important roles in abnormal cell proliferation, metastasis, stem cell maintenance, and immortalization in various cancers. Therefore, designing of drugs targeting telomerase and telomere is of great significance. Over the past two decades, considerable knowledge regarding telomere and telomerase has been accumulated, which provides theoretical support for the design of therapeutic strategies such as telomere elongation. Therefore, the development of telomere-based therapies such as nucleoside analogs, non-nucleoside small molecules, antisense technology, ribozymes, and dominant negative human telomerase reverse transcriptase are being prioritized for eradicating a majority of tumors. While the benefits of telomere-based therapies are obvious, there is a need to address the limitations of various therapeutic strategies to improve the possibility of clinical applications. In this study, current knowledge of telomere and telomerase is discussed, and therapeutic strategies based on recent research are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Wang C, Wang J, Long C, Guo W, Sun X. Baicalein inhibits growth of Epstein-Barr virus-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma by repressing the activity of EBNA1 Q-promoter. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:1003-1014. [PMID: 29710517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can establish a life-long latent infection in the host and is associated with various human malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the most common cancer originated from nasopharynx. EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is the only viral protein absolutely demanded for segregation, replication, transcription and maintenance of EBV viral genome in host cells. Baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid compound purified from the root of Scutellariae baicaleinsis, displays anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anti-tumor properties. In this study, the therapeutic effects and functional mechanism of baicalein on EBV-positive human NPC were determined. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and cell formation colony were performed to investigate that baicalein can suppress proliferation of EBV-infected human NPC cells. Flow cytometric and hoechst 33258 staining results indicated that baicalein induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blotting results demonstrated that baicalein down-regulates EBNA1 expression but not reduces the stability and half-life of EBNA1 in EBV-infected NPC cells. Additionally, the mRNA level of EBNA1 was examined by real time-PCR, the activity of EBNA1 Q promoter (Qp) was determined by dual luciferase reporter assay. Considering that transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) can maintain EBNA1 Qp active. Further analyses also elucidated that baicalein inhibits the expression of Sp1 while knock-down Sp1 by specific shRNAs decreases the expression and transcription levels of EBNA1. Therefore, the results suggested that baicalein may decrease EBNA1 expression level in EBV-positive NPC cells via inhibiting the activity of EBNA1 Q-promoter while over-expression of EBNA1 attenuate the inhibitory effect of baicalein. Finally, it was found that baicalein may strongly reduce growth of tumor in the mouse xenograft model of EBV-positive NPC. These results indicated that baicalein inhibits growth of EBV-positive NPC by repressing the activity of EBNA1 Q-promoter. Baicalein may be used as a therapeutic agent to treat EBV-positive NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Zhang
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jingchao Wang
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Cong Long
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Stat Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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Safe S, Abbruzzese J, Abdelrahim M, Hedrick E. Specificity Protein Transcription Factors and Cancer: Opportunities for Drug Development. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:371-382. [PMID: 29545399 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) such as Sp1 are critical for early development but their expression decreases with age and there is evidence that transformation of normal cells to cancer cells is associated with upregulation of Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4, which are highly expressed in cancer cells and tumors. Sp1 is a negative prognostic factor for pancreatic, colon, glioma, gastric, breast, prostate, and lung cancer patients. Functional studies also demonstrate that Sp TFs regulate genes responsible for cancer cell growth, survival, migration/invasion, inflammation and drug resistance, and Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 are also nononcogene addiction (NOA) genes and important drug targets. The mechanisms of drug-induced downregulation of Sp TFs and pro-oncogenic Sp-regulated genes are complex and include ROS-dependent epigenetic pathways that initially decrease expression of the oncogene cMyc. Many compounds such as curcumin, aspirin, and metformin that are active in cancer prevention also exhibit chemotherapeutic activity and these compounds downregulate Sp TFs in cancer cell lines and tumors. The effects of these compounds on downregulation of Sp TFs in normal cells and the contribution of this response to their chemopreventive activity have not yet been determined. Cancer Prev Res; 11(7); 371-82. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
| | - James Abbruzzese
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- GI Medical Oncology, Cockrell Center for Advanced Therapeutics, Houston Methodist Cancer Center and Institute of Academic Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Erik Hedrick
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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8
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Ganesan K, Xu B. Telomerase Inhibitors from Natural Products and Their Anticancer Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010013. [PMID: 29267203 PMCID: PMC5795965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres and telomerase are nowadays exploring traits on targets for anticancer therapy. Telomerase is a unique reverse transcriptase enzyme, considered as a primary factor in almost all cancer cells, which is mainly responsible to regulate the telomere length. Hence, telomerase ensures the indefinite cell proliferation during malignancy—a hallmark of cancer—and this distinctive feature has provided telomerase as the preferred target for drug development in cancer therapy. Deactivation of telomerase and telomere destabilization by natural products provides an opening to succeed new targets for cancer therapy. This review aims to provide a fundamental knowledge for research on telomere, working regulation of telomerase and its various binding proteins to inhibit the telomere/telomerase complex. In addition, the review summarizes the inhibitors of the enzyme catalytic subunit and RNA component, natural products that target telomeres, and suppression of transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This extensive understanding of telomerase biology will provide indispensable information for enhancing the efficiency of rational anti-cancer drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ganesan
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China.
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Xi C, Peng S, Wu Z, Zhou Q, Zhou J. WITHDRAWN: Toxicity of triptolide and the molecular mechanisms involved. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017:S1382-6689(17)30271-5. [PMID: 29037923 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xi
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Shaojun Peng
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, PR China
| | - Zhengping Wu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, PR China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Internet and Education Technology Center, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, PR China.
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Yang JH, Li XY, Wang X, Hou WJ, Qiu XS, Wang EH, Wu GP. Long-term persistent infection of HPV 16 E6 up-regulate SP1 and hTERT by inhibiting LKB1 in lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182775. [PMID: 28813465 PMCID: PMC5558957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
HPV 16 E6 upregulates hTERT expression in lung cancer cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. In this paper, E6, LKB1, SP1, and hTERT mRNA expression levels were detected in brushing cells of patients with lung cancer (n = 106) and with benign lung disease (n = 68) by qRT-PCR. The mRNA expression levels of E6, SP1, and hTERT were significantly increased in the malignant group compared with the benign group (P < 0.01). Conversely, the mRNA expression level of LKB1 was significantly decreased in the malignant group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the correlation between E6, Sp1, hTERT, and LKB1 was performed, our results indicated that E6, Sp1, and hTERT with positive, but LKB1 with negative correlation (P < 0.01). To investigate the potential relationship between these genes, using double directional genetic manipulation, we showed that overexpression of E6 in H1299 cells down-regulated LKB1 mRNA and protein expression but up-regulated SP1 and hTERT as well as the transcriptional activity of Sp1. In contrast, knockdown of E6 in A549 cells by short-interference RNAs (siRNAs) up-regulated LKB1 expression, but down-regulated SP1 and hTERT expression as well as Sp1 activity. LKB1 loss upregulated both SP1 and hTERT at the protein and mRNA level as well as SP1 activity. To verify that the role of E6 on hTERT was mediated by SP1, siRNA knockdown of SP1 was performed on both H1299 and A549 cell lines. Inhibition of SP1 downregulated hTERT expression. Our results indicate that HPV16 E6 indirectly upregulated the expression of hTERT by inhibition of LBK1 expression and upregulation of Sp1 expression, thus suggesting a HPV-LKB1-SP1-hTERT axis for the tumorigenesis of lung cancer. Our study also provides new evidence to support the critical role of SP1 and LKB1 in the pathogenesis of HPV-related lung cancer, and suggests novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Jian Hou
- Department of Tissue Engineering, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Shan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - En-Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang-Ping Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Toxicity of triptolide and the molecular mechanisms involved. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:531-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Liu S, Liu H, Qin R, Shu Y, Liu Z, Zhang P, Duan C, Hong D, Yu J, Zou L. The cellular senescence of leukemia-initiating cells from acute lymphoblastic leukemia is postponed by β-Arrestin1 binding with P300-Sp1 to regulate hTERT transcription. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2756. [PMID: 28425985 PMCID: PMC5603829 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although we previously reported that the self-renewal of leukemia-initiating cells of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL LICs) was regulated by β-Arrestin1, a multiple-function protein, the cellular senescence is critical for LICs fate and leukemia progress, and worthy for further investigation. Here we found that depletion of β-Arrestin1 extended the population doubling time and the percentage of senile cells, the signatures of cellular senescence, of B-ALL LICs. Moreover, lack of β-Arrestin1 enhanced the expression of proteins (CBX, HIRA) and genes (P53, P16) related to senescence in leukemic Reh cells and B-ALL-LICs-derived leukemic mice. Further results showed that loss of β-Arrestin1 induced senescence of Reh cells through mediating hTERT-telomerase-telomere axis, which was reversed by BIBR1532, the telomerase activity inhibitor. Importantly, depletion of β-Arrestin1 decreased the binding of Sp1 to hTERT promoter at the region of −28 to −36 bp. The anti-sense oligonucleotide of this key region downregulated the transcription of hTERT and aggravated the senescence of Reh cells. Further data demonstrated that the depleted β-Arrestin1 reduced the interaction of P300 with Sp1, thus to reduce Sp1 binding to hTERT promoter, downregulate hTERT transcription, decrease telomerase activity, shorten telomere length, and promote Reh cell senescence. Interestingly, the percentage of senile cells in B-ALL LICs was decreased, which was negatively correlated to good prognosis and β-Arrestin1 mRNA expression in childhood B-ALL patients. Our study shed a light on the senescence of B-ALL LICs and is regulated by β-Arrestin1, providing the potential therapeutic target of leukemia by promoting cellular senescence with a key region of hTERT promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China.,Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ru Qin
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China.,Center for Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Zhidai Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Center for Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Caiwen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dengli Hong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China.,Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical Universtiy, Chongqing 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, China.,Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Research Center, Chongqing 400014, China
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Islam MT. Diterpenes and Their Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents. Phytother Res 2017; 31:691-712. [PMID: 28370843 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As therapeutic tools, diterpenes and their derivatives have gained much attention of the medicinal scientists nowadays. It is due to their pledging and important biological activities. This review congregates the anticancer diterpenes. For this, a search was made with selected keywords in PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, The American Chemical Society and miscellaneous databases from January 2012 to January 2017 for the published articles. A total 28, 789 published articles were seen. Among them, 240 were included in this study. More than 250 important anticancer diterpenes and their derivatives were seen in the databases, acting in the different pathways. Some of them are already under clinical trials, while others are in the nonclinical and/or pre-clinical trials. In conclusion, diterpenes may be one of the lead molecules in the treatment of cancer. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
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Wang C, Wang H, Zhang Y, Guo W, Long C, Wang J, Liu L, Sun X. Berberine inhibits the proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via an Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1-dependent mechanism. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2109-2120. [PMID: 28259949 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy derived from the epithelial cells of the nasopharynx cavity, and is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In addition to NPC, EBV causes various human malignancies, such as gastric cancer, hematological tumors and lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas. Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) encoded by EBV is indispensable for replication, partition, transcription and maintenance of viral genomes. Berberine, a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid, shows anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, antioxidative, and anticancer activities. In the present study, the antitumor effect of berberine was studied. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were performed to demonstrate whether the proliferation of EBV-positive NPC cells was inhibited by berberine. Flow cytometric results revealed that berberine induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Quantitative-PCR and western blotting results indicated that berberine decreased the expression of EBNA1 at both the mRNA and protein levels in the EBV-positive NPC cells. The function of EBNA1 promoter Qp which is to drive EBNA1 transcription in type Ⅱ latent infection was strongly suppressed by berberine. Overexpression of EBNA1 attenuated this inhibitory effect. Berberine also suppressed the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 which is a new therapeutic target in a series of malignancies, including NPC. Viral titer experiments demonstrated that berberine decreased the production of virions in HONE1 and HK1-EBV cells. In a mouse xenograft model of NPC induced by HONE1 cells, berberine significantly inhibited tumor formation. Altogether, these results indicate that berberine decreases the expression of EBNA1 and exhibits an antitumor effect against NPC both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Cong Long
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jingchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Limei Liu
- Corneal Disease Department of Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Transcription Regulation of the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Gene. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7080050. [PMID: 27548225 PMCID: PMC4999838 DOI: 10.3390/genes7080050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have the ability to maintain their telomere length via expression of an enzymatic complex called telomerase. Similarly, more than 85%–90% of cancer cells are found to upregulate the expression of telomerase, conferring them with the potential to proliferate indefinitely. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase holoenzyme, is the rate-limiting factor in reconstituting telomerase activity in vivo. To date, the expression and function of the human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) gene are known to be regulated at various molecular levels (including genetic, mRNA, protein and subcellular localization) by a number of diverse factors. Among these means of regulation, transcription modulation is the most important, as evident in its tight regulation in cancer cell survival as well as pluripotent stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Here, we discuss how hTERT gene transcription is regulated, mainly focusing on the contribution of trans-acting factors such as transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers, as well as genetic alterations in hTERT proximal promoter.
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