1
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Lu D, Gong X, Guo X, Cai Q, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Sang X, Yang H, Xu M, Zeng Y, Li D, Zeng F. Gene editing of the endogenous cryptic 3' splice site corrects the RNA splicing defect in the β654-thalassemia mouse model. Hum Gene Ther 2024. [PMID: 39078325 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
β654-thalassemia is caused by a point mutation in the second intron (IVS-II) of the β-globin gene that activates a cryptic 3' splice site, leading to incorrect RNA splicing. Our previous study demonstrated that when direct deletion of the β654 mutation sequence or the cryptic 3' splice site in the IVS-II occurs, correct splicing of β-globin mRNA can be restored. Herein, we conducted an in-depth analysis to explore a more precise gene-editing method for treating β654-thalassemia. A single base substitution of the cryptic 3' acceptor splice site was introduced in the genome of a β654-thalassemia mouse model using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR). All of the HDR-edited mice allow the detection of correctly spliced β-globin mRNA. Pathological changes were improved compared with the non-edited β654 mice. This resulted in a more than two-fold increase in the survival rate beyond the weaning age of the mice carrying the β654 allele. The therapeutic effects of this gene-editing strategy showed that the typical β-thalassemia phenotype can be improved in a dose-dependent manner when the frequency of HDR is over 20%. Our research provides a unique and effective method for correcting the splicing defect by gene-editing the reactive splicing acceptor site in a β654 mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China;
| | - Xiuli Gong
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China;
| | - Xinbing Guo
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China;
| | - Qin Cai
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China;
| | - Yanwen Chen
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China;
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China;
| | - Xiao Sang
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China;
| | - Hua Yang
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China;
| | - Miao Xu
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China;
| | - Yitao Zeng
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China;
| | - Dali Li
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China;
| | - Fanyi Zeng
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, 24/1400 West Beijing Road, Shanghai, --- Select One ---, China, 200040;
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2
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Phannasil P, Sukhuma C, Nauphar D, Nuamsee K, Svasti S. Up-regulation of microRNA 101-3p during erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia/HbE. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2023; 103:102781. [PMID: 37478523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Ineffective erythropoiesis is the main cause of anemia in β-thalassemia. The crucial hallmark of ineffective erythropoiesis is the high proliferation of erythroblast. microRNA (miR/miRNA) involves several biological processes, including cell proliferation and erythropoiesis. miR-101 was widely studied and associated with proliferation in several types of cancer. However, the miR-101-3p has not been studied in β-thalassemia/HbE. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the expression of miR-101-3p during erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia/HbE. The results showed that miR-101-3p was upregulated in the erythroblast of β-thalassemia/HbE patients on day 7, indicating that miR-101-3p may be involved with high proliferation in β-thalassemia/HbE. Therefore, the mRNA targets of miR-101-3p including Rac1, SUB1, TET2, and TRIM44 were investigated to determine the mechanisms involved with high proliferation of β-thalassemia/HbE erythroblasts. Rac1 expression was significantly reduced at day 11 in severe β-thalassemia/HbE compared to normal controls and mild β-thalassemia/HbE. SUB1 gene expression was significantly lower in severe β-thalassemia/HbE compared to normal controls at day 9 of culture. For TET2 and TRIM44 expression, a significant difference was not observed among normal and β-thalassemia/HbE. However, the high expression of miR-101-3p at day 7 and these target genes was not correlated, suggesting that this miRNA may regulate ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia/HbE via other target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatchariya Phannasil
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chanyanat Sukhuma
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Donny Nauphar
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat 10430, Indonesia; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon 45132, West-Java, Indonesia
| | - Khanita Nuamsee
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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3
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Mashima R, Takada S, Miyamoto Y. RNA-Based Therapeutic Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15230. [PMID: 37894911 PMCID: PMC10607345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-based therapy has been an expanding area of clinical research since the COVID-19 outbreak. Often, its comparison has been made to DNA-based gene therapy, such as adeno-associated virus- and lentivirus-mediated therapy. These DNA-based therapies show persistent expression, with maximized therapeutic efficacy. However, accumulating data indicate that proper control of gene expression is occasionally required. For example, in cancer immunotherapy, cytokine response syndrome is detrimental for host animals, while excess activation of the immune system induces supraphysiological cytokines. RNA-based therapy seems to be a rather mild therapy, and it has room to fit unmet medical needs, whereas current DNA-based therapy has unclear issues. This review focused on RNA-based therapy for cancer immunotherapy, hematopoietic disorders, and inherited disorders, which have received attention for possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Mashima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyamoto
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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4
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Chumchuen S, Sripichai O, Jearawiriyapaisarn N, Fucharoen S, Peerapittayamongkol C. Induction of fetal hemoglobin: Lentiviral shRNA knockdown of HBS1L in β0-thalassemia/HbE erythroid cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281059. [PMID: 36888630 PMCID: PMC9994754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalanced globin chain output contributes to thalassemia pathophysiology. Hence, induction of fetal hemoglobin in β-thalassemia and other β-hemoglobinopathies are of continuing interest for therapeutic approaches. Genome-wide association studies have identified three common genetic loci: namely β-globin (HBB), an intergenic region between MYB and HBS1L, and BCL11A underlying quantitative fetal hemoglobin production. Here, we report that knockdown of HBS1L (all known variants) using shRNA in early erythroblast obtained from β0-thalassemia/HbE patients triggers an upregulation of γ-globin mRNA 1.69 folds. There is modest perturbation of red cell differentiation assessed by flow cytometry and morphology studies. The levels of α- and β-globin mRNAs are relatively unaltered. Knockdown of HBS1L also increases the percentage of fetal hemoglobin around 16.7 folds when compared to non-targeting shRNA. Targeting HBS1L is attractive because of the potent induction of fetal hemoglobin and the modest effect on cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Chumchuen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orapan Sripichai
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Natee Jearawiriyapaisarn
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chayanon Peerapittayamongkol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: ,
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5
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Zakaria NA, Bahar R, Abdullah WZ, Mohamed Yusoff AA, Shamsuddin S, Abdul Wahab R, Johan MF. Genetic Manipulation Strategies for β-Thalassemia: A Review. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:901605. [PMID: 35783328 PMCID: PMC9240386 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.901605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalassemias are monogenic hematologic diseases that are classified as α- or β-thalassemia according to its quantitative abnormalities of adult α- or β-globin chains. β-thalassemia has widely spread throughout the world especially in Mediterranean countries, the Middle East, Central Asia, India, Southern China, and the Far East as well as countries along the north coast of Africa and in South America. The one and the only cure for β-thalassemia is allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT). Nevertheless, the difficulty to find matched donors has hindered the availability of this therapeutic option. Therefore, this present review explored the alternatives for β-thalassemia treatment such as RNA manipulation therapy, splice-switching, genome editing and generation of corrected induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Manipulation of β-globin RNA is mediated by antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) or splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs), which redirect pre-mRNA splicing to significantly restore correct β-globin pre-mRNA splicing and gene product in cultured erythropoietic cells. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) are designer proteins that can alter the genome precisely by creating specific DNA double-strand breaks. The treatment of β-thalassemia patient-derived iPSCs with TALENs have been found to correct the β-globin gene mutations, implying that TALENs could be used as a therapy option for β-thalassemia. Additionally, CRISPR technologies using Cas9 have been used to fix mutations in the β-globin gene in cultured cells as well as induction of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH), and α-globin gene deletions have proposed a possible therapeutic option for β-thalassemia. Overall, the accumulated research evidence demonstrated the potential of ASOs-mediated aberrant splicing correction of β-thalassemia mutations and the advancements of genome therapy approaches using ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 that provided insights in finding the permanent cure of β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Atikah Zakaria
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Bahar
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zaidah Abdullah
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Abdul Wahab
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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6
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Lesman D, Rodriguez Y, Rajakumar D, Wein N. U7 snRNA, a Small RNA with a Big Impact in Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1317-1329. [PMID: 34139889 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The uridine-rich 7 (U7) small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is a component of a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complex. U7 snRNA naturally contains an antisense sequence that identifies histone premessenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) and is involved in their 3' end processing. By altering this antisense sequence, researchers have turned U7 snRNA into a versatile tool for targeting pre-mRNAs and modifying splicing. Encapsulating a modified U7 snRNA into a viral vector such as adeno-associated virus (also referred as vectorized exon skipping/inclusion, or VES/VEI) enables the delivery of this highly efficacious splicing modulator into a range of cell lines, primary cells, and tissues. In addition, and in contrast to antisense oligonucleotides, viral delivery of U7 snRNA enables long-term expression of antisense sequences in the nucleus as part of a stable snRNP complex. As a result, VES/VEI has emerged as a promising therapeutic platform for treating a large variety of human diseases caused by errors in pre-mRNA splicing or its regulation. Here we provide an overview of U7 snRNA's natural function and its applications in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lesman
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yacidzohara Rodriguez
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dhanarajan Rajakumar
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicolas Wein
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatric, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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7
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Gadgil A, Raczyńska KD. U7 snRNA: A tool for gene therapy. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3321. [PMID: 33590603 PMCID: PMC8243935 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most U-rich small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) are complexes that mediate the splicing of pre-mRNAs. U7 snRNP is an exception in that it is not involved in splicing but is a key factor in the unique 3' end processing of replication-dependent histone mRNAs. However, by introducing controlled changes in the U7 snRNA histone binding sequence and in the Sm motif, it can be used as an effective tool for gene therapy. The modified U7 snRNP (U7 Sm OPT) is thus not involved in the processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNA but targets splicing by inducing efficient skipping or inclusion of selected exons. U7 Sm OPT is of therapeutic importance in diseases that are an outcome of splicing defects, such as myotonic dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, β-thalassemia, HIV-1 infection and spinal muscular atrophy. The benefits of using U7 Sm OPT for gene therapy are its compact size, ability to accumulate in the nucleus without causing any toxic effects in the cells, and no immunoreactivity. The risk of transgene misregulation by using U7 Sm OPT is also low because it is involved in correcting the expression of an endogenous gene controlled by its own regulatory elements. Altogether, using U7 Sm OPT as a tool in gene therapy can ensure lifelong treatment, whereas an oligonucleotide or other drug/compound would require repeated administration. It would thus be strategic to harness these unique properties of U7 snRNP and deploy it as a tool in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Gadgil
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznanPoland
- Center for Advanced TechnologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznanPoland
| | - Katarzyna Dorota Raczyńska
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznanPoland
- Center for Advanced TechnologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznanPoland
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8
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d'Arqom A, Nualkaew T, Jearawiriyapaisarn N, Kole R, Svasti S. Engineered U7 Small Nuclear RNA Restores Correct β-Globin Pre-mRNA Splicing in Mouse β IVS2-654-Thalassemic Erythroid Progenitor Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 32:473-480. [PMID: 32977730 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of correct splicing of βIVS2-654-globin pre-mRNA was previously accomplished in erythroid cells from β-thalassemia/HbE patients by an engineered U7 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) that carried a sequence targeted to the cryptic branch point and an exonic splicing enhancer, U7.BP+623 snRNA. In this study, this approach was tested in thalassemic mice carrying the βIVS2-654 mutation. While correction of βIVS2-654 pre-mRNA splicing was achieved in erythroid progenitors transduced with a lentiviral vector carrying the U7.BP+623 snRNA, a high level of truncated U7.BP+623 snRNA was also observed. The discrepancy of processing of the modified U7 snRNA in human and mouse constructs hamper the evaluation of pathologic improvement in mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette d'Arqom
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine.,Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tiwaporn Nualkaew
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Natee Jearawiriyapaisarn
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ryszard Kole
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Abstract
β-thalassemia is caused by mutations in the β-globin gene which diminishes or abolishes β-globin chain production. This reduction causes an imbalance of the α/β-globin chain ratio and contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. Several approaches to reduce the imbalance of the α/β ratio using several nucleic acid-based technologies such as RNAi, lentiviral mediated gene therapy, splice switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) and gene editing technology have been investigated extensively. These approaches aim to reduce excess free α-globin, either by reducing the α-globin chain, restoring β-globin expression and reactivating γ-globin expression, leading a reduced disease severity, treatment necessity, treatment interval, and disease complications, thus, increasing the life quality of the patients and alleviating economic burden. Therefore, nucleic acid-based therapy might become a potential targeted therapy for β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette d'Arqom
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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10
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Nualkaew T, Jearawiriyapaisarn N, Hongeng S, Fucharoen S, Kole R, Svasti S. Restoration of correct β IVS2-654-globin mRNA splicing and HbA production by engineered U7 snRNA in β-thalassaemia/HbE erythroid cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7672. [PMID: 31113996 PMCID: PMC6529457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A cytosine to thymine mutation at nucleotide 654 of human β-globin intron 2 (βIVS2-654) is one of the most common mutations causing β-thalassaemia in Chinese and Southeast Asians. This mutation results in aberrant β-globin pre-mRNA splicing and prevents synthesis of β-globin protein. Splicing correction using synthetic splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) has been shown to restore expression of the β-globin protein, but to maintain therapeutically relevant levels of β-globin it would require lifelong administration. Here, we demonstrate long-term splicing correction using U7 snRNA lentiviral vectors engineered to target several pre-mRNA splicing elements on the βIVS2-654-globin pre-mRNA such as cryptic 3' splice site, aberrant 5' splice site, cryptic branch point and an exonic splicing enhancer. A double-target engineered U7 snRNAs targeted to the cryptic branch point and an exonic splicing enhancer, U7.BP + 623, was the most effective in a model cell line, HeLa IVS2-654. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of the vector was demonstrated in erythroid progenitor cells derived from βIVS2-654-thalassaemia/HbE patients, which showed restoration of correctly spliced β-globin mRNA and led to haemoglobin A synthesis, and consequently improved thalassaemic erythroid cell pathology. These results demonstrate proof of concept of using the engineered U7 snRNA lentiviral vector for treatment of β-thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiwaporn Nualkaew
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Natee Jearawiriyapaisarn
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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11
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Montes M, Sanford BL, Comiskey DF, Chandler DS. RNA Splicing and Disease: Animal Models to Therapies. Trends Genet 2019; 35:68-87. [PMID: 30466729 PMCID: PMC6339821 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA increases genetic diversity, and recent studies estimate that most human multiexon genes are alternatively spliced. If this process is not highly regulated and accurate, it leads to mis-splicing events, which may result in proteins with altered function. A growing body of work has implicated mis-splicing events in a range of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and muscular dystrophies. Understanding the mechanisms that cause aberrant splicing events and how this leads to disease is vital for designing effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on advances in therapies targeting splicing, and highlight the animal models developed to recapitulate disease phenotypes as a model for testing these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Montes
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program and The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brianne L Sanford
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel F Comiskey
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program and The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dawn S Chandler
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program and The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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