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Li X, Zeng H, Durairaj P, Wen W, Li T, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhan L, Rao L, Yuan W, Guo T, Shen W, Cai H, Chen Z. Fully synthetic phosphorylated Tau181, Tau217, and Tau231 calibrators for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1340706. [PMID: 38288278 PMCID: PMC10823022 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1340706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The calibrator in immunoassay plays an essential role in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Presently, the most well-studied biomarkers for AD diagnosis are three phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau): p-Tau231, p-Tau217, and p-Tau181. Glycogen synthase-3beta (GSK3β)-phosphorated Tau-441 is the most commonly used calibrator for p-Tau immunoassays. However, the batch-to-batch inconsistency issue of the commonly used GSK3β-phosphorylated Tau-441 limits its clinical application. Methods We have successfully generated and characterized 61 Tau monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with distinct epitopes by using the hybridoma technique and employed them as capture or detection antibodies for p-Tau immunoassays. Through chemical synthesis, we synthesized calibrators, which are three peptides including capture and detection antibody epitopes, for application in immunoassays that detect p-Tau231, p-Tau217, and p-Tau181. The novel calibrators were applied to Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Single-molecule array (Simoa) platforms to validate their applicability and establish a range of p-Tau immunoassays. Results By employing the hybridoma technique, 49 mAbs recognizing Tau (1-22), nine mAbs targeting p-Tau231, one mAb targeting p-Tau217, and two mAbs targeting p-Tau181 were developed. Peptides, including recognition epitopes of capture and detection antibodies, were synthesized. These peptides were used as calibrators to develop 60 immunoassays on the ELISA platform, of which six highly sensitive immunoassays were selected and applied to the ultra-sensitive Simoa platform. Remarkably, the LODs were 2.5, 2.4, 31.1, 32.9, 46.9, and 52.1 pg/ml, respectively. Conclusion Three novel p-Tau calibrators were successfully generated and validated, which solved the batch-to-batch inconsistency issue of GSK3β-phosphorylated Tau-441. The novel calibrators exhibit the potential to promote the standardization of clinical AD diagnostic calibrators. Furthermore, we established a series of highly sensitive and specific immunoassays on the Simoa platform based on novel calibrators, which moved a steady step forward in p-Tau immunoassay application for AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huimei Zeng
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Weihuan Wen
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianpeng Li
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingpeng Zhan
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Institute of Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tengfei Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
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Stern AM, Van Pelt KL, Liu L, Anderson AK, Ostaszewski B, Mapstone M, O’Bryant S, Petersen ME, Christian BT, Handen BL, Selkoe DJ, Schmitt F, Head E. Plasma NT1-tau and Aβ 42 correlate with age and cognitive function in two large Down syndrome cohorts. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5755-5764. [PMID: 37438872 PMCID: PMC10784408 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with Down syndrome (DS) often develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we asked whether ultrasensitive plasma immunoassays for a tau N-terminal fragment (NT1-tau) and Aβ isoforms predict cognitive impairment. METHODS Plasma NT1-tau, Aβ37 , Aβ40 , and Aβ42 levels were measured in a longitudinal discovery cohort (N = 85 participants, 220 samples) and a cross-sectional validation cohort (N = 239). We developed linear models and predicted values in the validation cohort. RESULTS Discovery cohort linear mixed models for NT1-tau, Aβ42 , and Aβ37:42 were significant for age; there was no main effect of time. In cross-sectional models, NT1-tau increased and Aβ42 decreased with age. NT1-tau predicted cognitive and functional scores. The discovery cohort linear model for NT1-tau predicted levels in the validation cohort. DISCUSSION NT1-tau correlates with age and worse cognition in DS. Further validation of NT1-tau and other plasma biomarkers of AD neuropathology in DS cohorts is important for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Stern
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kathryn L. Van Pelt
- Sanders-Brown Center for Aging, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Amirah K. Anderson
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Beth Ostaszewski
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868
| | - Sid O’Bryant
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | | | | | - Benjamin L. Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Dennis J. Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Frederick Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center for Aging, Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
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Stern AM, Van Pelt KL, Liu L, Anderson AK, Ostaszewski B, Mapstone M, O'Bryant S, Petersen ME, Christian BT, Handen BL, Selkoe DJ, Schmitt F, Head E. Plasma NT1-tau and Aβ 42 correlate with age and cognitive function in two large Down syndrome cohorts. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.10.23287109. [PMID: 36945447 PMCID: PMC10029060 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.10.23287109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction People with Down syndrome (DS) often develop Alzheimer disease (AD). Here we asked whether ultrasensitive plasma immunoassays for a tau N-terminal fragment (NT1-tau) and Aβ isoforms predict cognitive impairment. Methods Plasma NT1-tau, Aβ 37 , Aβ 40 , and Aβ 42 levels were measured in a longitudinal discovery cohort (N = 85 participants, 220 samples) and a cross-sectional validation cohort (N = 239). We developed linear models and predicted values in the validation cohort. Results Linear mixed models for NT1-tau, Aβ 42, and Aβ 37:42 were significant for age, there was no main effect of time in the discovery cohort. In cross-sectional models, NT1-tau and Aβ 42 increased with age. NT1-tau predicted DLD scores. The discovery cohort linear model for NT1-tau predicted NT1-tau levels in the validation cohort. Discussion NT1-tau correlates with age and worse cognition in DS. Further validation of NT1-tau and other plasma biomarkers of AD neuropathology in DS cohorts is important for clinical utility.
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Hsieh YC, Negri J, He A, Pearse RV, Liu L, Duong DM, Chibnik LB, Bennett DA, Seyfried NT, Young-Pearse TL. Elevated ganglioside GM2 activator (GM2A) in human brain tissue reduces neurite integrity and spontaneous neuronal activity. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:61. [PMID: 36131294 PMCID: PMC9494921 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD) affects millions globally, but therapy development is lagging. New experimental systems that monitor neuronal functions in conditions approximating the AD brain may be beneficial for identifying new therapeutic strategies. METHODS We expose cultured neurons to aqueous-soluble human brain extract from 43 individuals across a spectrum of AD pathology. Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) and live-cell imaging were used to assess neuronal firing and neurite integrity (NI), respectively, following treatments of rat cortical neurons (MEA) and human iPSC-derived neurons (iN) with human brain extracts. RESULTS We observe associations between spontaneous activity and Aβ42:40 levels, between neurite integrity and oligomeric Aβ, and between neurite integrity and tau levels present in the brain extracts. However, these associations with Aβ and tau do not fully account for the effects observed. Proteomic profiling of the brain extracts revealed additional candidates correlated with neuronal structure and activity. Neurotoxicity in MEA and NI assays was associated with proteins implicated in lysosomal storage disorders, while neuroprotection was associated with proteins of the WAVE regulatory complex controlling actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Elevated ganglioside GM2 activator (GM2A) associates with reductions in both NI and MEA activity, and cell-derived GM2A alone is sufficient to induce a loss of neurite integrity and a reduction in neuronal firing. CONCLUSIONS The techniques and data herein introduce a system for modeling neuronal vulnerability in response to factors in the human brain and provide insights into proteins potentially contributing to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Hsieh
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Joseph Negri
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Amy He
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Richard V. Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Duc M. Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Lori B. Chibnik
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Tracy L. Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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