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Silva VLM, Silva-Reis R, Moreira-Pais A, Ferreira T, Oliveira PA, Ferreira R, Cardoso SM, Sharifi-Rad J, Butnariu M, Costea MA, Grozea I. Dicoumarol: from chemistry to antitumor benefits. Chin Med 2022; 17:145. [PMID: 36575479 PMCID: PMC9793554 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicoumarol, a coumarin-like compound, is known for its anticoagulant properties associated with the ability to inhibit vitamin K, being prescribed as a drug for several decades. The pharmaceutical value of dicoumarol turned it into a focus of chemists' attention, aiming its synthesis and of dicoumarol derivatives, bringing to light new methodologies. In recent years, several other bioactive effects have been claimed for dicoumarol and its derivatives, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer, although the mechanisms of action underlying them are mostly not disclosed and additional research is needed to unravel them. This review presents a state of the art on the chemistry of dicoumarols, and their potential anticancer characteristics, highlighting the mechanisms of action elucidated so far. In parallel, we draw attention to the lack of in vivo studies and clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy as drugs for later application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L. M. Silva
- grid.7311.40000000123236065LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Silva-Reis
- grid.7311.40000000123236065LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Moreira-Pais
- grid.7311.40000000123236065LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal ,grid.12341.350000000121821287Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- grid.12341.350000000121821287Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal ,grid.12341.350000000121821287Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- grid.12341.350000000121821287Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal ,grid.12341.350000000121821287Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal ,grid.12341.350000000121821287Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- grid.7311.40000000123236065LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- grid.7311.40000000123236065LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- grid.442126.70000 0001 1945 2902Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Life Sciences University “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania
| | - Maria Alina Costea
- Life Sciences University “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania
| | - Ioana Grozea
- Life Sciences University “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania
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Wu F, Duan Z, Xu P, Yan Q, Meng M, Cao M, Jones CS, Zong X, Zhou P, Wang Y, Luo K, Wang S, Yan Z, Wang P, Di H, Ouyang Z, Wang Y, Zhang J. Genome and systems biology of Melilotus albus provides insights into coumarins biosynthesis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:592-609. [PMID: 34717292 PMCID: PMC8882801 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Melilotus species are used as green manure and rotation crops worldwide and contain abundant pharmacologically active coumarins. However, there is a paucity of information on its genome and coumarin production and function. Here, we reported a chromosome-scale assembly of Melilotus albus genome with 1.04 Gb in eight chromosomes, containing 71.42% repetitive elements. Long terminal repeat retrotransposon bursts coincided with declining of population sizes during the Quaternary glaciation. Resequencing of 94 accessions enabled insights into genetic diversity, population structure, and introgression. Melilotus officinalis had relatively larger genetic diversity than that of M. albus. The introgression existed between M. officinalis group and M. albus group, and gene flows was from M. albus to M. officinalis. Selection sweep analysis identified candidate genes associated with flower colour and coumarin biosynthesis. Combining genomics, BSA, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and biochemistry, we identified a β-glucosidase (BGLU) gene cluster contributing to coumarin biosynthesis. MaBGLU1 function was verified by overexpression in M. albus, heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, and substrate feeding, revealing its role in scopoletin (coumarin derivative) production and showing that nonsynonymous variation drives BGLU enzyme activity divergence in Melilotus. Our work will accelerate the understanding of biologically active coumarins and their biosynthetic pathways, and contribute to genomics-enabled Melilotus breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Zhen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Qi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Minghui Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Mingshu Cao
- Grasslands Research CentreAgResearch LimitedPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Chris S. Jones
- Feed and Forage DevelopmentInternational Livestock Research InstituteNairobiKenya
| | - Xifang Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Pei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Yimeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Kai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Shengsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Zhuanzhuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Penglei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Hongyan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Zifeng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Yanrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsKey Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Liposomes containing 3-arylamino-nor-β-lapachone derivative: Development, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sun C, Zhao W, Wang X, Sun Y, Chen X. A pharmacological review of dicoumarol: An old natural anticoagulant agent. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105193. [PMID: 32911072 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dicoumarol is an oral anticoagulant agent prescribed in clinical for decades. It is a natural hydroxycoumarin discovered from the spoilage of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall and is originally discovered as a rodenticide. Due to its structural similarity to that of vitamin K, it significantly inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase and acts as a vitamin K antagonist. Dicoumarol is mainly used as an anticoagulant to prevent thrombogenesis and to cure vascular thrombosis. Other biological activities besides anticoagulants such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, etc., have also been documented. The side effects of dicoumarol raise safety concerns for clinical application. In this review, the physicochemical property, the pharmacological activities, the side effects, and the pharmacokinetics of dicoumarol were summarized, aiming to provide a whole picture of the "old" anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Yinxiang Sun
- Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Xiuping Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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Jagadeesha K, Ramu YL, Ramegowda M, Lokanath NK. Excited state hydrogen atom transfer in micro-solvated dicoumarol: A TDDFT/EFP1 study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 208:325-330. [PMID: 30342342 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ground (S0) and excited (S1) state properties of dicoumarol (DC) are investigated by applying density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT (TDDFT) interfacing with the effective fragment potential (EFP) method of solvation. Benzene and pyrone rings of the each 4-hydroxy coumarin (4HC) moiety are in a plane and these planes are twisted by 180° with respect to each other. Two intra-molecular hydrogen bonds (HB) CO⋯HO exist between the carbonyl (CO) and hydroxyl (OH) groups of different 4HC moieties (4HC-1 and 4HC-2). DC(H2O)3 complex is formed using the original EFP model (EFP1). Four inter-molecular HBs are established by the carbonyl and hydroxyl oxygen atoms of 4HC-1 and 4HC-2 moieties; two HBs with two solvent molecules on one side of the complex and other two HBs with one solvent molecule at the other side. In S1 state, the hydrogen atomtransfer takes place only from the hydroxyl group of 4HC-1 to the carbonyl group of 4HC-2. The natural charge analysis and the modification of HBs manifest the intra-molecular charge transfer (ICT) from one 4HC moiety to another. Theoretical and experimental studies of the absorption spectra, and the theoretical study of potential energy curves of OH bonds at both S0 and S1 states affirm the hydrogen atom transfer from the hydroxyl group of 4HC-1 to the carbonyl group of 4HC-2 moiety.
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Qadri SM, Kucherenko Y, Zelenak C, Jilani K, Lang E, Lang F. Dicoumarol activates Ca2+-permeable cation channels triggering erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:857-64. [PMID: 22178938 DOI: 10.1159/000335800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicoumarol, a widely used anticoagulant, may cause anemia, which may result from enhanced erythrocyte loss due to bleeding or due to accelerated erythrocyte death. Erythrocytes may undergo suicidal death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the cell membrane. Eryptosis may be triggered by increase of cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity ([Ca(2+)](i)). The present study explored, whether dicoumarol induces eryptosis. [Ca(2+)](i) was estimated from Fluo3-fluorescence, cation channel activity utilizing whole cell patch clamp, cell volume from forward scatter, phospholipid scrambling from annexin-V-binding, and hemolysis from haemoglobin release. Exposure of erythrocytes for 48 hours to dicoumarol (=10 μM) significantly increased [Ca(2+)](i), enhanced cation channel activity, decreased forward scatter, triggered annexin-V-binding and elicited hemolysis. Following exposure to 30 μM dicoumarol, annexin-V-binding affected approximately 15%, and hemolysis 2% of treated erythrocytes. The stimulation of annexin-V-binding by dicoumarol was abrogated in the nominal absence of Ca(2+). In conclusion, dicoumarol stimulates suicidal death of erythrocytes by stimulating Ca(2+) entry and subsequent triggering of Ca(2+) dependent cell membrane scrambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Qadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Scott KA, Barnes J, Whitehead RC, Stratford IJ, Nolan KA. Inhibitors of NQO1: Identification of compounds more potent than dicoumarol without associated off-target effects. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:355-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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González-Aragón D, Alcaín FJ, Ariza J, Jódar L, Barbarroja N, López-Pedrera C, Villalba JM. ES936 stimulates DNA synthesis in HeLa cells independently on NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 inhibition, through a mechanism involving p38 MAPK. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 186:174-83. [PMID: 20433816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The indolequinone ES936 (5-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-[(4-nitrophenol)methyl]-indole-4,7-dione) is a potent mechanism-based inhibitor of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Here, we report that ES936 significantly stimulated thymidine incorporation in sparse cultures of human adenocarcinoma HeLa cells, but was without effect in dense cultures. Stimulation of DNA synthesis was not related with a DNA repair response because an increase in thymidine incorporation was not observed in cells treated with 2,5 bis-[1-aziridyl]-1,4 benzoquinone, a well-established antitumor quinone that causes DNA damage. Conversely, it was related with an increase of cell growth. NQO1 inhibition was not involved in ES936 stimulation of DNA synthesis, because the same response was observed in cells where NQO1 expression had been knocked down by small interfering RNA. Stimulation of DNA synthesis was reverted by treatment with ambroxol, a SOD mimetic, and by pyruvate, an efficient peroxide scavenger, supporting the involvement of alterations in cellular redox state. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 with either SB203580 or PD169316 completely abolished ES936-stimulated DNA synthesis, indicating the requirement of p38 activity. This is the first report that demonstrates the existence of an ES936-sensitive system which is separate from NQO1, modulating the redox state and cell growth in HeLa cells through a p38-dependent mechanism. Our results show that the effect ES936 exerts on DNA synthesis may be either positive or negative depending on the cellular context and growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González-Aragón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Spain
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Matsui Y, Watanabe J, Ding S, Nishizawa K, Kajita Y, Ichioka K, Saito R, Kobayashi T, Ogawa O, Nishiyama H. Dicoumarol enhances doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in p53 wild-type urothelial cancer cells through p38 activation. BJU Int 2009; 105:558-64. [PMID: 19583730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of a combined treatment of 3-30-methylene-bis[4-hydroxycoumarin] (dicoumarol) with doxorubicin for the treatment of urothelial cancer, as doxorubicin is a common chemotherapeutic agent but its therapeutic efficacy is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS The synergistic effect of dicoumarol with chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, doxorubicin and paclitaxel was evaluated in RT112 urothelial cancer cells. Then, dicoumarol-mediated enhancement of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity was screened in urothelial cancer cell lines with different p53 statuses or RT112 stable transfectants with a dominant-negative mutant of p53 (p53DN). To clarify the importance of the modification of p53 function by dicoumarol to enhance doxorubicin toxicity, the change in the p53-p21 pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mitochondria pathway by the combined treatment were elucidated by Western blot analysis. Finally, the effect of p21 knockdown in the susceptibility to doxorubicin was examined with RT112 stable transfectants with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of p21. RESULTS Dicoumarol significantly increased the susceptibility of RT112 cells to cisplatin and doxorubicin, but not to paclitaxel in RT112 cells. Dicoumarol (100 microm) also enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in other bladder cancer cell lines with wild-type p53 (wt-p53; three times in 253J and 13 times in KK47), but not in those with mutant-type p53 (TCCsup, J82 and EJ) or in RT112 p53DN. The combined treatment with dicoumarol suppressed p53/p21 induction by doxorubicin and resulted in sequential p38 MAPK activation, myeloid cell leukaemia 1 suppression and caspase cleavage. The synergistic effect of doxorubicin/dicoumarol was suppressed by the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 and, furthermore, p21 knockdown with shRNA transfection made RT112 cells six times more susceptible to doxorubicin with p38 MAPK activation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that concomitant use of dicoumarol could enhance the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in urothelial cancer cells with wt-p53 through the p53/p21/p38 MAPK pathways. This combined treatment may provide a new therapeutic option to overcome chemoresistance in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Matsui
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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López S, Bermúdez B, Pacheco YM, López-Lluch G, Moreda W, Villar J, Abia R, Muriana FJG. Dietary oleic and palmitic acids modulate the ratio of triacylglycerols to cholesterol in postprandial triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in men and cell viability and cycling in human monocytes. J Nutr 2007; 137:1999-2005. [PMID: 17709433 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.9.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The postprandial metabolism of dietary fats produces triacylglycerol (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRL) that could interact with circulating cells. We investigated whether the ratios of oleic:palmitic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA):SFA in the diet affect the ratio of TG:cholesterol (CHOL) in postprandial TRL of healthy men. The ability of postprandial TRL at 3 h (early postprandial period) and 5 h (late postprandial period) to affect cell viability and cycle in the THP-1 human monocytic cell line was also determined. In a randomized, crossover experiment, 14 healthy volunteers (Caucasian men) ate meals enriched (50 g/m(2) body surface area) in refined olive oil, high-palmitic sunflower oil, butter, and a mixture of vegetable and fish oils, which had ratios of oleic:palmitic acid (MUFA:SFA) of 6.83 (5.43), 2.36 (2.42), 0.82 (0.48), and 13.81 (7.08), respectively. The ratio of TG:CHOL in postprandial TRL was inversely correlated (r = -0.89 to -0.99) with the ratio of oleic:palmitic acid and with the MUFA:SFA ratio in the dietary fats (P < 0.05). Postprandial TRL at 3 h preferentially increased the proportion of necrotic cells, whereas postprandial TRL at 5 h increased the proportion of apoptotic cells (P < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis showed that postprandial TRL blocked the human monocytes in S-phase. Our findings suggest that the level of TG and CHOL into postprandial TRL is associated with the ratios of oleic:palmitic acid and MUFA:SFA in dietary fats, which determines the ability of postprandial TRL to induce cytotoxicity and disturb the cell cycle in THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio López
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain
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González-Aragón D, Ariza J, Villalba JM. Dicoumarol impairs mitochondrial electron transport and pyrimidine biosynthesis in human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 73:427-39. [PMID: 17123468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dicoumarol, a competitive inhibitor of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), increases intracellular superoxide and affects cell growth of tumor cells. This work was set to establish a mechanistic link between dicoumarol, superoxide and cell cycle alterations in HL-60 cells. Using ES936, a mechanism-based irreversible inhibitor of NQO1, we demonstrate that NQO1 inhibition is not a major factor involved in superoxide boost. Mitochondrial Complexes II, III and IV were directly inhibited by dicoumarol. Succinate, which inhibits superoxide generation by reversed electron flow in Complex II, significantly decreased superoxide boost in dicoumarol-treated cells and in isolated mitochondria incubated with dicoumarol and decylubiquinol. Superoxide generation in cells was strongly potentiated by blocking the quinone site of Complex II with thenoyltrifluoroacetone, supporting the involvement of cytochrome b560 to drive electrons for increasing superoxide. Simultaneous inhibition of the mitochondrial chain upstream ubiquinone and displacement of succinate from the Complex II active site is proposed as a major mechanism to explain how dicoumarol increases superoxide in HL-60 cells. Dicoumarol-treated cells accumulated in S phase due to the impairment of pyrimidine biosynthesis at dihydroorotate dehydrogenase step because blockade was overcome by addition of exogenous uridine or orotate, but not by dihydroorotate. We demonstrate for the first time that dicoumarol inhibits mitochondrial electron transport, induces superoxide release by reversed electron flow in Complex II, and inhibits pyrimidines biosynthesis. These actions must be taken into account when considering dicoumarol effects on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David González-Aragón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3(a) planta, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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Dragan M, Dixon SJ, Jaworski E, Chan TS, O'brien PJ, Wilson JX. Coenzyme Q(1) depletes NAD(P)H and impairs recycling of ascorbate in astrocytes. Brain Res 2006; 1078:9-18. [PMID: 16499885 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2005] [Revised: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate is an important antioxidant in the brain. Astrocytes are capable of recycling ascorbate by taking up and then reducing its oxidation product dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) using reducing equivalents derived from NAD(P)H. Astrocytes also contain NAD(P)H-dependent quinone reductases, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), which are capable of reducing coenzyme Q and its analogs. Short-chain coenzyme Q analogs have been proposed as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative illnesses, but they may cause oxidative stress by non-enzymatic redox cycling or enzyme-dependent depletion of NAD(P)H. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the short-chain coenzyme Q analog coenzyme Q(1) (CoQ(1), ubiquinone-5) decreases intracellular NAD(P)H levels in astrocytes and impairs the ability of these cells to replace extracellular DHAA with ascorbate (i.e., ascorbate recycling). We observed that CoQ(1) inhibited the production of intra- and extracellular ascorbate by primary rat astrocytes incubated with DHAA in glucose-free medium. Reduction of CoQ(1) to CoQ(1)H(2) by astrocytes was partially blocked by the NQO1 inhibitor dicumarol but was not affected by DHAA. The inhibition of ascorbate recycling by CoQ(1) was attenuated by dicumarol and was abolished by glucose. CoQ(1) lowered intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, as measured by oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin but also produced marked decreases in the concentrations of NADH and NADPH. We conclude that in astrocytes CoQ(1) recycling depletes NAD(P)H and inhibits ascorbate recycling when glucose metabolism is limited. Because DHAA can cause cell-lethal oxidative stress in neurons and ascorbate produced by astrocytes may be neuroprotective, coenzyme Q analogs may adversely affect brain function through this novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Dragan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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