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Liu B, Ruz-Maldonado I, Persaud SJ. Global deletion of G protein-coupled receptor 55 impairs glucose homeostasis during obesity by reducing insulin secretion and β-cell turnover. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:4591-4601. [PMID: 39113250 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) deletion on glucose homeostasis and islet function following diet-induced obesity. METHODS GPR55-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were fed ad libitum either standard chow (SC) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed at 9/10 and 19/20 weeks of dietary intervention. Insulin secretion in vivo and dynamic insulin secretion following perifusion of isolated islets were also determined, as were islet caspase-3/7 activities and β-cell 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. RESULTS GPR55-/- mice fed a HFD were more susceptible to diet-induced obesity and were more glucose intolerant and insulin resistant than WT mice maintained on a HFD. Islets isolated from HFD-fed GPR55-/- mice showed impaired glucose- and pcacahorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated insulin secretion, and they also displayed increased cytokine-induced apoptosis. While there was a 5.6 ± 1.6-fold increase in β-cell BrdU incorporation in the pancreases of WT mice fed a HFD, this compensatory increase in β-cell proliferation in response to the HFD was attenuated in GPR55-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Under conditions of diet-induced obesity, GPR55-/- mice show impaired glucose handling, which is associated with reduced insulin secretory capacity, increased islet cell apoptosis and insufficient compensatory increases in β-cell proliferation. These observations support that GPR55 plays an important role in positively regulating islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Inmaculada Ruz-Maldonado
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Comparative Medicine & Pathology, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (VBT) Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism (ICSNM), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Liu M, Zeng J, Zhang W, Lei J, Li S, Zhou J, Cheng D, He L. Fabrication of a Near-Infrared-Emissive Probe for Detecting Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 in the Liver of Diabetic Mice and Clinical Serum. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11890-11896. [PMID: 38987697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) plays a key role in glucose metabolism, which has been a close target for diabetes pathology and treatment. It is significant for the evaluation of cellular DPP4 activity in various biological systems. Fluorescence imaging technology is currently a popular method for detecting enzymes in living cells due to its advantages of high selectivity, high sensitivity, high spatiotemporal resolution, and real-time visualization. Herein, a near-infrared (NIR)-emissive probe NEDP with a large Stokes shift (153 nm) was developed for the assay of DPP4 activity. Upon addition of DPP4, NEDP can emit a significant turn-on NIR fluorescence signal (673 nm) with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, NEDP can successfully be used for imaging of intracellular DPP4, confirming the regulation of DPP4 expression in hyperglucose and its treatment in living cells. Most importantly, NEDP can not only monitor the changes of DPP4 in vivo but also show that DPP4 in diabetes is mainly up-regulated in the liver, and the level of DPP4 is positively correlated with the pathological damage of the liver. In addition, NEDP can identify the serum of diabetic patients from healthy people through the fluorescence response to DPP4. These results demonstrated that the designed probe NEDP provides a prospective visual tool to explore the relationship between DPP4 and diabetes and would be applied for detecting serum of diabetes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
| | - Jiayu Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
| | - Jia Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
| | - Songjiao Li
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
| | - Dan Cheng
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Longwei He
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
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Owolabi AI, Corbett RC, Flatt PR, McKillop AM. Positive interplay between FFAR4/GPR120, DPP-IV inhibition and GLP-1 in beta cell proliferation and glucose homeostasis in obese high fat fed mice. Peptides 2024; 177:171218. [PMID: 38621590 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor-120 (GPR120; FFAR4) is a free fatty acid receptor, widely researched for its glucoregulatory and insulin release activities. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic advantage of FFAR4/GPR120 activation using combination therapy. C57BL/6 mice, fed a High Fat Diet (HFD) for 120 days to induce obesity-diabetes, were subsequently treated with a single daily oral dose of FFAR4/GPR120 agonist Compound A (CpdA) (0.1μmol/kg) alone or in combination with sitagliptin (50 mg/kg) for 21 days. After 21-days, glucose homeostasis, islet morphology, plasma hormones and lipids, tissue genes (qPCR) and protein expression (immunocytochemistry) were assessed. Oral administration of CpdA improved glucose tolerance (34% p<0.001) and increased circulating insulin (38% p<0.001). Addition of CpdA with the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, sitagliptin, further improved insulin release (44%) compared to sitagliptin alone and reduced fat mass (p<0.05). CpdA alone (50%) and in combination with sitagliptin (89%) induced marked reductions in LDL-cholesterol, with greater effects in combination (p<0.05). All treatment regimens restored pancreatic islet and beta-cell area and mass, complemented with significantly elevated beta-cell proliferation rates. A marked increase in circulating GLP-1 (53%) was observed, with further increases in combination (38%). With treatment, mice presented with increased Gcg (proglucagon) gene expression in the jejunum (130% increase) and ileum (120% increase), indicative of GLP-1 synthesis and secretion. These data highlight the therapeutic promise of FFAR4/GPR120 activation and the potential for combined benefit with incretin enhancing DPP-IV inhibitors in the regulation of beta cell proliferation and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Owolabi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - R C Corbett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - P R Flatt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - A M McKillop
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK.
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Chen S, Kim JK. The Role of Cannabidiol in Liver Disease: A Systemic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2370. [PMID: 38397045 PMCID: PMC10888697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid abundant in Cannabis sativa, has gained considerable attention for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. It exhibits the potential to prevent or slow the progression of various diseases, ranging from malignant tumors and viral infections to neurodegenerative disorders and ischemic diseases. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease, and viral hepatitis stand as prominent causes of morbidity and mortality in chronic liver diseases globally. The literature has substantiated CBD's potential therapeutic effects across diverse liver diseases in in vivo and in vitro models. However, the precise mechanism of action remains elusive, and an absence of evidence hinders its translation into clinical practice. This comprehensive review emphasizes the wealth of data linking CBD to liver diseases. Importantly, we delve into a detailed discussion of the receptors through which CBD might exert its effects, including cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), transient receptor potential channels (TRPs), and their intricate connections with liver diseases. In conclusion, we address new questions that warrant further investigation in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeon-Kyung Kim
- Institute of New Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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