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Tanaka Y, Hojo MK, Shimoji H. Individual experience influences reconstruction of division of labour under colony disturbance in a queenless ant species. Front Zool 2022; 19:20. [PMID: 35706054 PMCID: PMC9202139 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-022-00466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Division of labour (DOL) is ubiquitous across biological hierarchies. In eusocial insects, DOL is often characterized by age-related task allocation, but workers can flexibly change their tasks, allowing for DOL reconstruction in fluctuating environments. Behavioural change driven by individual experience is regarded as a key to understanding this task flexibility. However, experimental evidence for the influence of individual experience is remains sparse. Here we tested the effect of individual experience on task choice in the queenless ponerine ant, Diacamma cf. indicum from Japan. RESULTS We confirmed that both nurses and foragers shifted to vacant tasks when the colony composition was biased to one or the other. We also found that nurses which are induced to forage readily revert to nursing when reintroduced into balanced colonies. In contrast, foragers which are induced to revert to nursing very rarely return to a foraging role, even 19 days post reintroduction to their original colony. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that individual experience decreases the response threshold of original foragers, as they continue to be specialist nurses in a disturbed colony. However, original nurses do not appear strongly affected by having forager experience and revert to being nurses. Therefore, while individual experience does have an effect, other factors, such as reproductive ability, are clearly required to understand DOL maintenance in fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Tanaka
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Masaru K Hojo
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimoji
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan.
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2
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Reichmann F, Pilic J, Trajanoski S, Norton WHJ. Transcriptomic underpinnings of high and low mirror aggression zebrafish behaviours. BMC Biol 2022; 20:97. [PMID: 35501893 PMCID: PMC9059464 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aggression is an adaptive behaviour that animals use to protect offspring, defend themselves and obtain resources. Zebrafish, like many other animals, are not able to recognize themselves in the mirror and typically respond to their own reflection with aggression. However, mirror aggression is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon, with some individuals displaying high levels of aggression against their mirror image, while others show none at all. In the current work, we have investigated the genetic basis of mirror aggression by using a classic forward genetics approach - selective breeding for high and low mirror aggression zebrafish (HAZ and LAZ). Results We characterized AB wild-type zebrafish for their response to the mirror image. Both aggressive and non-aggressive fish were inbred over several generations. We found that HAZ were on average more aggressive than the corresponding LAZ across generations and that the most aggressive adult HAZ were less anxious than the least aggressive adult LAZ after prolonged selective breeding. RNAseq analysis of these fish revealed that hundreds of protein-encoding genes with important diverse biological functions such as arsenic metabolism (as3mt), cell migration (arl4ab), immune system activity (ptgr1), actin cytoskeletal remodelling (wdr1), corticogenesis (dgcr2), protein dephosphorylation (ublcp1), sialic acid metabolism (st6galnac3) and ketone body metabolism (aacs) were differentially expressed between HAZ and LAZ, suggesting a strong genetic contribution to this phenotype. DAVID pathway analysis showed that a number of diverse pathways are enriched in HAZ over LAZ including pathways related to immune function, oxidation-reduction processes and cell signalling. In addition, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 12 modules of highly correlated genes that were significantly associated with aggression duration and/or experimental group. Conclusions The current study shows that selective breeding based of the mirror aggression phenotype induces strong, heritable changes in behaviour and gene expression within the brain of zebrafish suggesting a strong genetic basis for this behaviour. Our transcriptomic analysis of fish selectively bred for high and low levels of mirror aggression revealed specific transcriptomic signatures induced by selective breeding and mirror aggression and thus provides a large and novel resource of candidate genes for future study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01298-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reichmann
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Johannes Pilic
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Slave Trajanoski
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - William H J Norton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. .,Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Harrison LM, Noble DWA, Jennions MD. A meta-analysis of sex differences in animal personality: no evidence for the greater male variability hypothesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:679-707. [PMID: 34908228 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The notion that men are more variable than women has become embedded into scientific thinking. For mental traits like personality, greater male variability has been partly attributed to biology, underpinned by claims that there is generally greater variation among males than females in non-human animals due to stronger sexual selection on males. However, evidence for greater male variability is limited to morphological traits, and there is little information regarding sex differences in personality-like behaviours for non-human animals. Here, we meta-analysed sex differences in means and variances for over 2100 effects (204 studies) from 220 species (covering five broad taxonomic groups) across five personality traits: boldness, aggression, activity, sociality and exploration. We also tested if sexual size dimorphism, a proxy for sex-specific sexual selection, explains variation in the magnitude of sex differences in personality. We found no significant differences in personality between the sexes. In addition, sexual size dimorphism did not explain variation in the magnitude of the observed sex differences in the mean or variance in personality for any taxonomic group. In sum, we find no evidence for widespread sex differences in variability in non-human animal personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Harrison
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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Vitt S, Hiller J, Thünken T. Intrasexual selection: Kin competition increases male-male territorial aggression in a monogamous cichlid fish. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11183-11191. [PMID: 33144958 PMCID: PMC7593200 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During intrasexual competition, individuals of the same sex compete for access to breeding sites and mating partners, often accompanied by aggressive behavior. Kin selection theory predicts different kin-directed social interactions ranging from cooperation to aggression depending on the context and the resource in question. Kin competition reducing indirect fitness might be avoided by actively expelling relatives from territories and by showing higher aggression against kin. The West-African cichlid Pelvicachromis taeniatus is a monogamous cave breeder with males occupying and defending breeding sites against rivals. This species is capable of kin recognition and shows kin-preference during juvenile shoaling and mate choice. However, subadults of P. taeniatus seem to avoid the proximity of same-sex kin. In the present study, we examined territorial aggression of territory holders against intruding related and unrelated males as well as intruder's behavior. We observed higher aggression among related competitors suggesting that related males are less tolerated as neighbors. Avoidance of intrasexual competition with relatives might increase indirect fitness of males in monogamous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vitt
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and EcologyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Jenny Hiller
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and EcologyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Timo Thünken
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and EcologyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
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5
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Effect of previous fighting on the dynamic of agonistic encounters in zebrafish males. Anim Cogn 2020; 23:999-1006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10071-020-01408-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Ramos A, Gonçalves D. Artificial selection for male winners in the Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens correlates with high female aggression. Front Zool 2019; 16:34. [PMID: 31406496 PMCID: PMC6686523 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In Southeast Asia, males of the Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens have been selected across centuries for paired-staged fights. During the selection process, matched for size males fight in a small tank until the contest is resolved. Breeders discard losing batches and reproduce winner batches with the aim of increasing fight performance. We assessed the results of this long-term selection process by comparing under standard laboratory conditions male and female aggressive behaviour of one strain selected for staged fights ("fighters") and one strain of wild-types. The aggressive response of adult fish was tested against their mirror image or a size-matched conspecific. Fighter males were more aggressive than wild-type males for all measured behaviours. Differences were not only quantitative but the pattern of fight display was also divergent. Fighter males had an overall higher swimming activity, performing frequent fast strikes in the direction of the intruder and displaying from a distance. Wild-type males were less active and exhibited aggressive displays mostly in close proximity to the stimuli. Females of the fighter strain, which are not used for fights, were also more aggressive than wild-type females. Aggressive behaviours were correlated across male and female fighter siblings, suggesting common genetic and physiological mechanisms to male and female aggression in this species. The study further shows that results were largely independent of the stimulus type, with the mirror test inducing similar and less variable responses than the live conspecific presentation. These results suggest that selection for male winners co-selected for high-frequency and metabolic demanding aggressive display in males and also enhanced female aggression, opening a wide range of testable hypothesis about the ultimate and proximate mechanisms of male and female aggression in B. splendens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ramos
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Rua de Londres 16, Macao, China
| | - D. Gonçalves
- Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Rua de Londres 16, Macao, China
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7
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Saekhow S, Thongprajukaew K, Phromkunthong W, Sae-Khoo H. Minimal water volume for intensively producing male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1075-1085. [PMID: 29603077 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Water volume is a key parameter affecting the individual rearing of male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910). In this study, minimization of water volume was pursued by assessing growth, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activities, color coordinates, muscle quality, and carcass composition. One-month-old solid-red male fish (0.97 ± 0.01 g initial body weight) were distributed individually into glass aquaria with five alternative water volumes (100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mL), comprising 15 fish per treatment (n = 15), over 8 weeks duration. No mortality of the reared fish was found during the study. Growth performance and feed utilization of the fish reared in 150 mL water were superior to the other treatments. The water volume significantly affected specific activities of the digestive enzymes (P ˂ 0.05), except for amylase, and no differences in enzyme activities were observed between fish reared in 150 and in 300 mL water. The preferred treatment maintained skin lightness (L*) and had the highest redness (a* and a*/b*) among the treatments. Protein synthesis (RNA concentration) and its turnover rate (RNA/protein ratio) and myosin and actin in muscle also benefited from this treatment. Carcass composition, in terms of moisture, crude protein, and crude ash, was maintained, but the amount of crude lipid fluctuated with water volume. Based on our experiments, the preferred minimal water volume for individual rearing of male Siamese fighting fish should be about 150 mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suktianchai Saekhow
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Karun Thongprajukaew
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
| | - Wutiporn Phromkunthong
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Harit Sae-Khoo
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
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Tate M, McGoran RE, White CR, Portugal SJ. Life in a bubble: the role of the labyrinth organ in determining territory, mating and aggressive behaviours in anabantoids. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:723-749. [PMID: 28868750 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The anabantoids are a group of c. 137 species of air-breathing freshwater fishes found in Africa and southern Asia. All anabantoids have a pair of suprabranchial chambers that each house an air-breathing organ known as the labyrinth apparatus: a complex bony structure lined with thin, highly vascularised respiratory epithelium. The labyrinth apparatus allows anabantoids to extract oxygen from air and is a morpho-physiological innovation that has had a dramatic influence on the behaviour of these fishes. Air-breathing influences a wide range of anabantoid behaviours, including territorial displays, courtship and breeding and parental care and also equips these fishes to persist in hypoxic and polluted water. These traits also make anabantoids successful invaders of novel habitats, a global problem compounded by their popularity in the aquarium trade. By reviewing the functionality and evolution of air breathing in anabantoids, this review aims to examine the role of the labyrinth apparatus in modulating behaviour within this group. The anabantoids are a fascinating group and have often been cited as a model organism due to the stereotypical and easily identifiable behaviours that they adopt during social interactions. They also provide a unique opportunity to further our understanding about how fishes adapt their behaviour in response to an extreme environment, whilst limited by their own physiological constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tate
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, U.K
| | - R E McGoran
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, U.K
| | - C R White
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S J Portugal
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, U.K
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9
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Favati A, Løvlie H, Leimar O. Individual aggression, but not winner–loser effects, predicts social rank in male domestic fowl. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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10
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Individual boldness traits influenced by temperature in male Siamese fighting fish. Physiol Behav 2016; 165:267-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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12
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Forsatkar MN, Nematollahi MA, Brown C. The toxicological effect of Ruta graveolens extract in Siamese fighting fish: a behavioral and histopathological approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:824-834. [PMID: 26924199 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of pharmacological waste on aquatic ecosystems are increasingly highlighted in ecotoxicology research. Many of these products are designed for human physiology but owing to the conservative nature of vertebrate evolution they also tend to have effects on aquatic organisms and fishes in particular when they find their way into aquatic systems via wastewater effluent. One area of research has focused on reproductive control and the associated hormone treatments. Many of these hormones affect the reproductive physiology of fishes and may cause feminization of male reproductive traits. Alternative medicines have also been widely used particularly in traditional cultures but few of these alternative treatments have been assessed with respect to their potential impact on aquatic ecosystems. Rue (Ruta graveolens) has been used as a male contraceptive in traditional medicines but its effects on fish behavior and reproductive anatomy have yet to be established. Here we show that treating Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, with extract of rue has a significant effect on key aggressive/reproductive behaviors and the propensity to explore novel objects (boldness). In all cases the respective behaviors were reduced relative to controls and sham injected fish. Histological analysis of the testes revealed that rue exposure reduced the number of spermatozoa but increased the number of spermatocytes relative to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Navid Forsatkar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Chamran St., PO Box: 31585-4314, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nematollahi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Chamran St., PO Box: 31585-4314, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Culum Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Eastern Road, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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13
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Regan MD, Dhillon RS, Toews DPL, Speers-Roesch B, Sackville MA, Pinto S, Bystriansky JS, Scott GR. Biochemical correlates of aggressive behavior in the Siamese fighting fish. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Regan
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - R. S. Dhillon
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI USA
| | - D. P. L. Toews
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - B. Speers-Roesch
- Department of Ocean Sciences; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's Newfoundland Canada
| | - M. A. Sackville
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - S. Pinto
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - J. S. Bystriansky
- Department of Biological Sciences; DePaul University; Chicago IL USA
| | - G. R. Scott
- Department of Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
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14
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Silveira MM, Oliveira JJ, Luchiari AC. Dusky damselfish Stegastes fuscus relational learning: evidences from associative and spatial tasks. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:1109-1120. [PMID: 25619403 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of the dusky damselfish Stegastes fuscus to associate conditioned and unconditioned stimuli (single CS-US) and to find a specific place in a clueless ambiece (spatial learning). After tested for colour preference and showing no specific colour attractively, the fish were trained to associate a colour cue with a stimulus fish (conspecific). Fish were then challenged to locate the exact place where the stimulus fish was presented. Stegastes fuscus spent most time close to the zone where stimulus was presented, even without obvious marks for orientation. The results confirm that S. fuscus show single CS-US learning and suggest the fish ability for spatial orientation. Stegastes fuscus appears to use multiple senses (sight and lateral line) for cues association and recall, and appear to perform relational learning similar to mammals. These data suggest the importance of cognitive skill for reef fishes that may have contributed to their establishment and evolutionary success in such complex environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Silveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, P.O. Box 1511, 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Funghi C, Leitão AV, Ferreira AC, Mota PG, Cardoso GC. Social Dominance in a Gregarious Bird is Related to Body Size But not to Standard Personality Assays. Ethology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Funghi
- CIBIO - Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources; University of Porto; Vairão Portugal
| | - Ana V. Leitão
- CIBIO - Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources; University of Porto; Vairão Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - André C. Ferreira
- CIBIO - Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources; University of Porto; Vairão Portugal
| | - Paulo G. Mota
- CIBIO - Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources; University of Porto; Vairão Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Gonçalo C. Cardoso
- CIBIO - Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources; University of Porto; Vairão Portugal
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Hebert OL, Lavin LE, Marks JM, Dzieweczynski TL. The effects of 17α-ethinyloestradiol on boldness and its relationship to decision making in male Siamese fighting fish. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Dzieweczynski TL, Russell AM, Forrette LM, Mannion KL. Male behavioral type affects female preference in Siamese fighting fish. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Bertucci F, Matos RJ, Dabelsteen T. Knowing your audience affects male-male interactions in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Anim Cogn 2013; 17:229-36. [PMID: 23794074 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-013-0655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive interactions between animals often occur in the presence of third parties. By observing aggressive signalling interactions, bystanders may eavesdrop and gain relevant information about conspecifics without the costs of interacting. On the other hand, interactants may also adjust their behaviour when an audience is present. This study aimed to test how knowledge about fighting ability of an audience affects aggressive interactions in male Siamese fighting fish. Subjects were positioned between two dyads of non-interacting males and allowed to observe both dyads shortly before the view to one of the dyads was blocked, and the dyads were allowed to interact. Subjects were subsequently exposed to an unknown opponent in the presence of either the winner or the loser of the seen or unseen interaction. The results suggest a complex role of the characteristic of an audience in the agonistic behaviours of a subject engaged in an interaction. The presence of a seen audience elicited more aggressive displays towards the opponent if the audience was a loser. This response was different in the presence of an unseen audience. Subjects then directed a higher aggressiveness against their opponent if the audience was a winner. These results also suggest a potentially more complex and interesting process allowing individuals to gain information about the quality and threat level of an unknown audience while it is interacting with a third party. The importance of information acquisition for an individual to adapt its behaviour and the role of communication networks in shaping social interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bertucci
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark,
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Dzieweczynski TL, Hebert OL. The effects of short-term exposure to an endocrine disrupter on behavioral consistency in male juvenile and adult Siamese fighting fish. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 64:316-326. [PMID: 23073845 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
17α-Ethinyloestradiol (EE2) is known to impact courtship and aggression but how exposure affects the consistency with which individuals express these behaviors over time is not commonly addressed. In addition, how juvenile and adult male fish differ in levels of behavioral consistency, both before and after EE2 exposure, is unknown. To examine these questions, juvenile and adult male Siamese fighting fish were presented with a dummy male and dummy female simultaneously both before and after acute exposure to a nominal (15 ng/L) dose of EE2. Multiple trials were conducted to measure how consistent individual differences are affected by age and EE2 exposure. Both female- and male-directed behaviors decreased after short-term exposure to EE2. Juvenile and adult fish differed in the number of female-directed tail beats and bites they performed, with adult fish performing more tail beats and juvenile fish performing more bites. EE2 exposure had a greater effect on consistent individual differences in female-directed than in male-directed behaviors, which may be a byproduct of intense artificial selection for aggression in this species. Repeatability values were lower both before and after exposure in juvenile than in adult fish, suggesting that individuals become more consistent with age. This study suggests that male Siamese fighting fish vary in their sensitivity to short-term EE2 exposure and stresses the importance of examining behavior over multiple time points both within and across age classes to gain a more thorough understanding of the effects of endocrine disruptors on behavior.
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Reproductive state but not recent aggressive experience influences behavioral consistency in male Siamese fighting fish. Acta Ethol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-012-0136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dzieweczynski TL, Hebert OL. Fluoxetine alters behavioral consistency of aggression and courtship in male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Physiol Behav 2012; 107:92-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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I know you: familiarity with an audience influences male-male interactions in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dzieweczynski TL, Sullivan KR, Forrette LM, Hebert OL. Repeated Recent Aggressive Encounters Do Not Affect Behavioral Consistency in Male Siamese Fighting Fish. Ethology 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.02017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hebert OL, Dzieweczynski TL. Influence of prior exposure to females on behavioral consistency in male Siamese fighting fish. BEHAVIOUR 2011. [DOI: 10.1163/156853911x618556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Selective breeding in fighting dogs. Anim Welf 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0962728600002347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe breeding of domestic dogs for dog fighting has resulted in numerous genetic alterations in a breed widely acknowledged to be the most successful fighting dog: the American Pit Bull Terrier (APBT). Much of the genetic foundation underlying the motivation and ability for pit fighting can be traced back to the earliest use of dogs for hunting purposes and continued through the selective breeding for use of dogs in wars and bull and bear baiting. In the development of the APBT as a fighting dog, there were two main breeding criteria. The first was, and remains, fighting success. The trait most prized by breeders of fighting dogs and considered most contributory to fighting success is ‘gameness’, which is the perseverance at a task even under extreme adversity, such as injury, pain, or fatigue. The second criterion was the absence of human-directed aggression. Since dogs are handled extensively before, during, and after the fights, dogs that showed aggression toward humans were eliminated from the gene pool. Indeed, anecdotal reports suggest that breeding may have been carried beyond that of simply selecting against human aggressiveness to a degree of enhanced affinity for humans. The result is that today's fight-bred APBT is genetically predisposed — but not predestined — to aggressiveness toward other dogs and a strong social attraction to humans. The human affinity trait is a highly valuable characteristic that ought to be preserved. With the appropriate breeding decisions, the power of genetic selection suggests that this goal, along with normalising the genetic disposition for conspecific aggressive tendencies, should be ultimately achievable.
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