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Jetha A, Tucker L, Backman C, Kristman VL, Bowring J, Hazel EM, Perlin L, Proulx L, Chen C, Gignac MAM. Rheumatic Disease Disclosure at the Early Career Phase and Its Impact on the Relationship Between Workplace Supports and Presenteeism. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2022; 74:1751-1760. [PMID: 33973368 PMCID: PMC9796415 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Young adults with rheumatic disease face challenges communicating health needs, accessing workplace support, and sustaining productivity. Our objective was to examine whether disclosure modifies the relationship between workplace support and presenteeism. METHODS An online survey was administered to Canadian young adults with rheumatic disease and asked about presenteeism (0 = health had no effect on work; 10 = health completely prevented working), workplace support need, availability, and use and whether health details were disclosed to an immediate supervisor. A multivariable robust linear regression model was conducted and stratified by those who did and did not disclose the details of their health to their supervisor. RESULTS A total of 306 participants completed the survey with a mean ± SD presenteeism score of 4.89 ± 2.65. More than 70% disclosed health details to their supervisor; those who disclosed reported greater presenteeism (mean ± SD 5.2 ± 2.5) when compared to those who did not disclose (mean ± SD 4.2 ± 2.61). Greater disease severity was associated with disclosure. Half of the participants reported unmet workplace support needs (53%), 32% reported that their workplace support needs were met, and 15% reported exceeded workplace support needs. The relationship between presenteeism and workplace support needs was modified by disclosure. For participants who disclosed, workplace support needs that were unmet (β = 1.59 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.75, 2.43]) and that were met (β = 1.25 [95% CI 0.39, 2.11]) were associated with greater presenteeism when compared to those with exceeded workplace support needs. CONCLUSION To address presenteeism, strategies should be developed for young adults with rheumatic disease to foster access to available workplace supports and to navigate disclosure decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- Institute for Work and Health and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lori Tucker
- University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Catherine Backman
- University of British Columbia and Arthritis Research CanadaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Vicki L. Kristman
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, and Lakehead UniversityThunder BayOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Louise Perlin
- University of Toronto and St. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Laurie Proulx
- Canadian Arthritis Patient AllianceOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Cynthia Chen
- Institute for Work and HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Monique A. M. Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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Bosma AR, Boot CRL, Schaafsma FG, Kok G, Anema JR. Development of an Intervention to Create a Supportive Work Environment for Employees with Chronic Conditions: An Intervention Mapping Approach. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2020; 30:624-634. [PMID: 32200483 PMCID: PMC7716852 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study describes the development of an evidence-based intervention to create a supportive work environment for employees with chronic conditions. Occupational physicians (OPs) play an important role in guiding organizations in this process of organizational change. Supportive work environments can aid in preventing work-related problems and facilitate sustainable employment. Current workplace interventions for employees with chronic conditions are mainly focused on return to work or a reduction in sick leave at the individual worker's level. This study contributes to the literature an organizational-level intervention which utilizes a preventive approach. Methods Intervention mapping (IM) is a six-step, structured protocol that was used to develop this intervention. In step 1, a needs assessment was conducted to define the problem and explore the perspectives of all stakeholders involved. The program outcomes and the performance objectives of employees with chronic conditions and occupational physicians were specified in step 2. In step 3, appropriate methods and practical applications were chosen. Step 4 describes the actual development of the intervention, consisting of (1) a training for occupational physicians to teach them how to guide organizations in creating a supportive work environment; (2) a practical assignment; and (3) a follow-up meeting. The intervention will be implemented in a pilot study in which occupational physicians will put their acquired knowledge and skills into practice within one of their organizations, which is delineated in step 5. Conclusions IM proved to be a valuable and practical tool for the development of this intervention, aiming to facilitate sustainable employment for employees with chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Bosma
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. R. L. Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. G. Schaafsma
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Kok
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J. R. Anema
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zheng Y, Zhu L, Patrick D, Li Y, Xu F, Zhang L, Song M, Cheng X, Chen B, Chen Y, Lu X, Wang H. Work-health-personal life conflicts in naive patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving initial treatment in China: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035688. [PMID: 32928849 PMCID: PMC7490961 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) perform sick roles, work roles and personal roles simultaneously. At times, role conflicts arise because of failure to meet the expectations of different roles. Role conflicts may increase dissatisfaction in work and family and impair their physical and mental health. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of role conflicts of treatment-naive patients with CHB in work, personal and sick roles, together with ameliorating factors in the Chinese cultural context. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive study. Semistructured interviews were used to collect the experience of work-health-personal life conflicts (WHPLCs), and a brief questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical information. SPSS V.21.0 was used for descriptive analysis and Dedoose (V.7.5.9) was used to code and analyse interview transcripts. This study selected six cities with different socioeconomic levels in Zhejiang Province, China. Then, researchers chose one tertiary hospital from each city as the study site, so a total of six tertiary hospitals were involved. PARTICIPANTS We recruited 32 patients with CHB (59.38% male) who had just started antiviral therapy for no more than three months. Participants were within the age range of 19-57 years, and the average age was 36.03 (SD=9.56) years. RESULTS Participants noted that having CHB influenced their daily life and intersected with work and personal roles, therefore causing role conflicts. Role conflicts focused on three types: time-based conflicts, strain-based conflicts and behaviour-based conflicts. The contextual factors contributing to role conflicts were identified, including personal characteristics, financial strain, traditional social roles and work environment. CONCLUSIONS These findings enhance our understanding of the WHPLCs experience of treatment-naive patients with CHB in China. Our findings suggest that multidimensional role conflicts should be taken into account in the intervention design and psychological counselling to improve role balance and well-being among patients with CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjing Zheng
- Department of Social Medicine of School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Social Medicine of School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donald Patrick
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengjiao Xu
- Department of Social Medicine of School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine of School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengna Song
- Department of Social Medicine of School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Social Medicine of School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boyan Chen
- Department of Social Medicine of School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Social Medicine of School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- Department of Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Social Medicine of School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Stauner M, Primdahl J. A sanctuary from everyday life: rheumatology patients' experiences of in-patient multidisciplinary rehabilitation - a qualitative study. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:1872-1879. [PMID: 32898449 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1809721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore how rheumatology patients experience the personal impact of an inpatient rehabilitation stay and to elucidate the impact of contextual factors on the outcome. METHODS Exploratory qualitative individual interviews were conducted with 15 rheumatology patients (73% female) who had completed a two-week inpatient rehabilitation stay. Data collection, analysis and interpretation of data were performed within a phenomenological-hermeneutic framework inspired by Paul Ricoeur's interpretative philosophy. RESULTS The analysis derived one core theme, A sanctuary from everyday life, and five subthemes: (1) Being seen, heard and acknowledged as an equal and whole person; (2) Professional care and compassion; (3) Social relations and interactions between patients; (4) Individual rehabilitation, but challenges regarding shared decision making; and (5) Rehabilitation as a personal process but problems with coherence and transferability of learning to everyday life. CONCLUSION Patients experience inpatient rehabilitation as a sanctuary, in the following three ways; through individually planned multidisciplinary interventions at the hospital; recognition and compassion from the multidisciplinary staff and through social relationships and interactions with fellow patients. There is a need for improved coordination across primary and secondary health care, to ease coherence and transfer of learning to the patients' everyday lives.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPatients can find peace and energy to care for themselves because they are away from everyday life when admitted for inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation.Patients need to be prepared for shared decision-making in order to be able to participate in formulating personal and meaningful goals for rehabilitation.There is a need for awareness of organisational and life transitions, to secure transfer of elements from the rehabilitation stay to the patient's everyday life.Rehabilitation professionals should be aware of the significance of fellow patients and facilitate and support the patient-patient relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stauner
- University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Jette Primdahl
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Sønderborg, Denmark.,Hospital of Southern Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
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Xiang L, Low AHL, Leung YY, Fong W, Gan WH, Graves N, Thumboo J. Work disability in rheumatic diseases: Baseline results from an inception cohort. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:1040-1049. [PMID: 32512639 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to characterize work disability in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatic diseases and compare work characteristics between patients with rheumatic diseases and controls without rheumatic diseases at diagnosis. METHODS Patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) and osteoarthritis (OA), surrogates for autoimmune and non-autoimmune rheumatic diseases, respectively, and controls of working age were surveyed at diagnosis. Patients with rheumatic diseases who were employed before symptom onset were characterized as having work disability if they reported reduced work ability and productivity while remaining in the same job as before symptom onset, changed to a less demanding job or stopped working/retired. Work characteristics at diagnosis were compared between rheumatic diseases patients and controls. RESULTS The unemployment rate before symptom onset was lower in patients with IA (20%) compared to patients with OA (32%). Among patients with IA and OA who were employed before symptom onset, 59% and 43% reported work disability, respectively (P = .04). The unemployment rate at diagnosis was comparable in patients with IA (26%) and higher in patients with OA (38%) compared to controls (29%). Employed patients with IA and OA, when compared with controls, reported poorer work ability (score: 37 vs 39 vs 41, P < .01; proportion with poor/moderate work ability: 48% vs 33% vs 21%, P < .01) and greater work productivity loss (score: 32 vs 29 vs 17, P < .01) at diagnosis. CONCLUSION Rheumatic diseases impose significant work disability at diagnosis, highlighting the need for identification and interventions targeting work disability early in the course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Andrea H L Low
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Ying Ying Leung
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Warren Fong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Wee Hoe Gan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Graves
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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6
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Jetha A, Bowring J, Tucker S, Connelly CE, Martin Ginis KA, Proulx L, Gignac MAM. Transitions that matter: life course differences in the employment of adults with arthritis. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:3127-3135. [PMID: 28922952 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1378387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the similarities and differences in the employment participation of people living with arthritis across the life course. METHOD Focus groups and interviews were conducted with young (ages 18-34 years, n = 7), middle-aged (ages 35-54 years, n = 13) and older adults (>55 years, n = 25) with arthritis. Participants were asked about the impact of arthritis on employment, experiences with health-related changes, career progression and social role involvement. A modified grounded theory approach was used to inductively analyze the data. RESULTS Young adults indicated the school-to-work transition as being influential in their employment and described the need to direct their time and energy toward finding work that accommodated health and met career aspirations. Middle-aged adults described how the transition from good health to an arthritis diagnosis disrupted involvement in diverse social roles. However, they often downplayed the impact of arthritis on employment. Older adults described the work-to-retirement transition and their decline in physical functioning as contributing to changing involvement in the labor market. CONCLUSION Transitions related to health, career progression and social role involvement shaped employment experiences, and represent opportunities for future research and practice that is tailored to life course issues. Implications for rehabilitation Little is known about the work experiences of young- and middle-aged adults with arthritis and how they compare to their older counterparts. Life course theory offers an important framework for research and practice by providing a perspective to enhance our understanding of how employment participation differs across phases of life. Salient and diverse changes related to health, career and social role involvement were identified at each life phase and shaped employment. Rehabilitation practitioners should pay special attention to a client's age, life phase and work history as a strategy to enhance the delivery of interventions that promote work participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- a Institute for Work & Health , Toronto , Canada.,b DeGroote School of Business , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada.,c Dalla Lana School of Public Health , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kathleen A Martin Ginis
- e Department of Kinesiology , McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada.,f School of Health and Exercise Sciences , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Laurie Proulx
- g Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- a Institute for Work & Health , Toronto , Canada.,c Dalla Lana School of Public Health , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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7
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Żołnierczyk-Zreda D, Jędryka-Góral A, Bugajska J, Bedyńska S, Brzosko M, Pazdur J. The relationship between work, mental health, physical health, and fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cross-sectional study. J Health Psychol 2017; 25:665-673. [PMID: 28866909 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317727842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the relationship between work, mental health, physical health, and fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the data of 282 participants were drawn from baseline. The results of structural equation modeling showed that among rheumatoid arthritis patients, those who were engaged in occupational activity had lower levels of fatigue compared to those who did not work and that this relationship was mediated by better mental health, not by physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Bugajska
- Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Poland
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8
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Jetha A, Badley E, Beaton D, Fortin PR, Shiff NJ, Gignac MAM. Unpacking Early Work Experiences of Young Adults With Rheumatic Disease: An Examination of Absenteeism, Job Disruptions, and Productivity Loss. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 67:1246-1254. [PMID: 25892130 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine work absenteeism, job disruptions, and perceived productivity loss and factors associated with each outcome in young adults living with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and juvenile arthritis (JA). METHODS One hundred forty-three young adults, ages 18-30 years with SLE (54.5%) and JA (45.5%), completed an online survey of work experiences. Demographic, health (e.g., fatigue, disease activity), psychosocial (e.g., independence, social support), and work context (e.g., career satisfaction, job control, self-disclosure) information was collected. Participants were asked about absenteeism, job disruptions, and perceived productivity loss in the last 6 months. Log Poisson regression analyses examined factors associated with work outcomes. RESULTS A majority of participants (59%) were employed and reported a well-managed health condition. Employed respondents were satisfied with their career progress and indicated moderate job control. More than 40% of participants reported absenteeism, job disruptions, and productivity loss. Greater job control and self-disclosure, and less social support, were related to a higher likelihood of absenteeism. More disease activity was related to a greater likelihood of reporting job disruptions. Lower fatigue and higher job control were associated with a reduced likelihood of a productivity loss. CONCLUSION Young adult respondents with rheumatic disease experienced challenges with employment, including absenteeism, job disruptions, and productivity loss. While related to greater absenteeism, job control could play a role in a young person's ability to manage their health condition and sustain productive employment. Greater attention should also be paid to understanding health factors and social support in early work experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jetha
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, and Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Badley
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, and Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorcas Beaton
- Institute for Work and Health and St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Faculté de Médecine de L'Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Monique A M Gignac
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Research Institute, and Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Gignac MAM, Cao X, McAlpine J. Availability, Need for, and Use of Work Accommodations and Benefits: Are They Related to Employment Outcomes in People With Arthritis? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67:855-64. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique A. M. Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health; Toronto Western Research Institute; and Dalla Lana School of Public Health; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Xingshan Cao
- Toronto Western Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jessica McAlpine
- Institute for Work and Health and Toronto Western Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
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11
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Jetha A, Badley E, Beaton D, Fortin PR, Shiff NJ, Rosenberg AM, Tucker LB, Mosher DP, Gignac MA. Transitioning to Employment with a Rheumatic Disease: The Role of Independence, Overprotection, and Social Support. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:2386-94. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.140419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To examine perceived independence, overprotection, and support, and their association with the employment participation of young adults with rheumatic disease.Methods.One hundred and forty-three young adults, ages 18 to 30 years, with systemic lupus erythematosus (54.5%) and juvenile arthritis (45.5%) completed a 30-min online questionnaire of their work and education experiences. Information collected was demographic, health (e.g., pain, fatigue, disease activity), work context (e.g., career satisfaction, helpfulness of job accommodation/benefits, and workplace activity limitations), and psychosocial (e.g., independence, social support, and overprotection). Log-Poisson regression analysis examined factors associated with employment status.Results.Over half of respondents were employed (59%) and 26% were enrolled in school. Respondents reported moderate to high perceptions of independence and social support. However, 27% reported that “quite a bit” to “a great deal” of overprotection characterized their relationships with those closest to them. At the bivariate level, employed participants and those indicating greater perceived independence reported greater social support and less overprotection. Multivariable analysis revealed that being employed was associated with older age, more job accommodations/benefits perceived as being helpful, and greater perceived independence.Conclusion.This is one of the first studies examining the employment of young adults with rheumatic diseases. Findings highlight the importance of psychosocial perceptions such as independence and overprotection, in addition to support related to working. Additional research is needed to better understand the role of those close to young adults with rheumatic diseases in supporting independence and encouraging employment.
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Wilkie R, Phillipson C, Hay EM, Pransky G. Anticipated significant work limitation in primary care consulters with osteoarthritis: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005221. [PMID: 25190616 PMCID: PMC4158206 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of expected work limitations (EWL) prior to future retirement age in osteoarthritis consulters, and the associated health, sociodemographic and workplace factors. DESIGN Population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING General practices in Staffordshire, England. PARTICIPANTS 297 working adults aged 50-65, who had consulted primary care for osteoarthritis. OUTCOME EWL was defined using a single question, "Do you think joint pain will limit your ability to work before you reach 69 years old?" RESULTS 51 (17.2%) indicated that joint pain would not limit their ability to work until 69, 79 (26.6%) indicated EWL and 167 (56.2%) did not know if joint pain would limit work before 69. In bivariate analysis, physical function (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.96), depression (4.51; 1.81 to 11.3), cognitive symptom (3.84; 1.81 to 8.18), current smoker (2.75; 1.02 to 7.38), age (0.69; 0.58 to 0.82), physically demanding job (3.18; 1.50 to 6.72), no opportunities to retrain (3.01; 1.29 to 7.05) and work dissatisfaction (3.69; 1.43 to 9.49) were associated with EWL. The final multivariate model included physical function and age. CONCLUSIONS Only one in five osteoarthritis consulters expected that joint pain would not limit their work participation before 69 years of age. Given the expectation for people to work until they are older, the results highlight the increasing need for clinicians to include work participation in their consultation and implement strategies to address work loss/limitation. Targeting pain-related functional limitation and effective communication with employers to manage workplace issues could reduce EWL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Wilkie
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Chris Phillipson
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elaine M Hay
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Glenn Pransky
- Center for Disability Research, Liberty Mutual Research Institute, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Gignac MAM, Lacaille D, Beaton DE, Backman CL, Cao X, Badley EM. Striking a balance: work-health-personal life conflict in women and men with arthritis and its association with work outcomes. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2014; 24:573-584. [PMID: 24370635 PMCID: PMC4118040 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-013-9490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine men and women's perceptions of inter-role balance/imbalance in work, arthritis, and personal roles and its association with demographic, health and employment factors, including job stress, career satisfaction, job disruptions, absenteeism and perceived productivity losses. METHODS Participants were employed, aged ≥40 years and diagnosed with osteoarthritis or inflammatory arthritis. They were recruited through community advertising and rheumatology clinics in two Canadian provinces. Respondents completed a 35-45 min telephone interview and a 20-min self-administered questionnaire assessing role perceptions [(arthritis negatively impacts work (A → W); work/personal life negatively impact arthritis (W/P → A); work as a positive role (W +))], demographic, health and work context information. Analyses included exploratory factor analysis and multivariate regressions. RESULTS Findings revealed similarities between men (n = 104) and women (n = 248) in health, work and role perceptions, although women reported more benefits of working with arthritis (W+) than men. Some gender differences were found in factors associated with inter-role perceptions highlighting the importance of children, fatigue, unpredictable work hours, job control, and workplace activity limitations. Role perceptions were associated with work outcomes but only one perception, W/P → A, interacted with gender. Among men, greater perceptions that work and personal demands interfered with managing arthritis were associated with more job disruptions. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed negative and positive inter-role perceptions related to working with a chronic illness and associations with work outcomes. It highlights potentially modifiable factors that could assess risk and inform interventions to improve role balance and working experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, ON, M5G 2E9, Canada,
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Kaptein SA, Backman CL, Badley EM, Lacaille D, Beaton DE, Hofstetter C, Gignac MAM. Choosing where to put your energy: a qualitative analysis of the role of physical activity in the lives of working adults with arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65:1070-6. [PMID: 23335584 DOI: 10.1002/acr.21957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research points to many potential benefits of physical activity (PA) for those with arthritis. However, PA has not typically been examined within the context of other life roles. This study examined the perceptions of PA among individuals managing arthritis in addition to employment and other role demands. METHODS Eight focus groups were conducted with 24 women and 16 men (age range 29-72 years) who were currently or recently employed (within 2 years) and had osteoarthritis or inflammatory arthritis. Participants were recruited from community newspaper advertisements, rheumatology clinics, and arthritis groups. Discussions were audiotaped and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS All groups discussed the impact of arthritis on a range of PAs. Overall, participants discussed PA as positively influencing their health and well-being. Yet, several overarching themes highlighted the complexity of PA, including 1) PA as a potential cause of arthritis; 2) the reciprocal impact of arthritis on PA and PA on arthritis; 3) physical and psychological benefits and harms of PA, such as difficulty making PA decisions when living in pain or when faced with episodic symptoms; 4) perceived choices about engagement in PA (e.g., role overload); and 5) social support. CONCLUSION The relationships among work, health, and other roles were complex. Competing demands, pain, energy, episodic symptoms, support, and decisions to disclose one's illness at work influenced PA. Changes to PA not only affected physical health but also people's self-identity. PA interventions may be improved by taking into account the demands of multiple life roles.
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Hoving JL, van Zwieten MCB, van der Meer M, Sluiter JK, Frings-Dresen MHW. Work participation and arthritis: a systematic overview of challenges, adaptations and opportunities for interventions. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:1254-64. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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