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Kovanda A, Lukežič T, Maver A, Vokač Križaj H, Čižek Sajko M, Šelb J, Rijavec M, Bidovec-Stojković U, Bitežnik B, Rituper B, Korošec P, Peterlin B. Genomic Landscape of Susceptibility to Severe COVID-19 in the Slovenian Population. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7674. [PMID: 39062917 PMCID: PMC11277002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining the genetic contribution of susceptibility to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes is important for public health measures and individualized treatment. Through intense research on this topic, several hundred genes have been implicated as possibly contributing to the severe infection phenotype(s); however, the findings are complex and appear to be population-dependent. We aimed to determine the contribution of human rare genetic variants associated with a severe outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections and their burden in the Slovenian population. A panel of 517 genes associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection were obtained by combining an extensive review of the literature, target genes identified by the COVID-19 Host Genetic Initiative, and the curated Research COVID-19 associated genes from PanelApp, England Genomics. Whole genome sequencing was performed using PCR-free WGS on DNA from 60 patients hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 disease, and the identified rare genomic variants were analyzed and classified according to the ACMG criteria. Background prevalence in the general Slovenian population was determined by comparison with sequencing data from 8025 individuals included in the Slovenian genomic database (SGDB). Results show that several rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic genomic variants in genes CFTR, MASP2, MEFV, TNFRSF13B, and RNASEL likely contribute to the severe infection outcomes in our patient cohort. These results represent an insight into the Slovenian genomic diversity associated with a severe COVID-19 outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kovanda
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Lukežič
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Maver
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hana Vokač Križaj
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Čižek Sajko
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julij Šelb
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Matija Rijavec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
| | | | - Barbara Bitežnik
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Rituper
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Peter Korošec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Thévenod F, Lee WK. Cadmium transport by mammalian ATP-binding cassette transporters. Biometals 2024; 37:697-719. [PMID: 38319451 PMCID: PMC11101381 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cellular responses to toxic metals depend on metal accessibility to intracellular targets, reaching interaction sites, and the intracellular metal concentration, which is mainly determined by uptake pathways, binding/sequestration and efflux pathways. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are ubiquitous in the human body-usually in epithelia-and are responsible for the transfer of indispensable physiological substrates (e.g. lipids and heme), protection against potentially toxic substances, maintenance of fluid composition, and excretion of metabolic waste products. Derailed regulation and gene variants of ABC transporters culminate in a wide array of pathophysiological disease states, such as oncogenic multidrug resistance or cystic fibrosis. Cadmium (Cd) has no known physiological role in mammalians and poses a health risk due to its release into the environment as a result of industrial activities, and eventually passes into the food chain. Epithelial cells, especially within the liver, lungs, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, are particularly susceptible to the multifaceted effects of Cd because of the plethora of uptake pathways available. Pertinent to their broad substrate spectra, ABC transporters represent a major cellular efflux pathway for Cd and Cd complexes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning transport of Cd and its complexes (mainly Cd bound to glutathione) by the ABC transporters ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein, MDR1), ABCB6, ABCC1 (multidrug resistance related protein 1, MRP1), ABCC7 (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, CFTR), and ABCG2 (breast cancer related protein, BCRP). Potential detoxification strategies underlying ABC transporter-mediated efflux of Cd and Cd complexes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Thévenod
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology & ZBAF, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453, Witten, Germany
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 1, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Wing-Kee Lee
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 1, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Waheed N, Waris R, Naseer M, Razzaq A, Haider N, Shah AA, Ullah A. Mutational spectrum of CFTR in cystic fibrosis patients with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary manifestations. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:573. [PMID: 38662334 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare and debilitating autosomal recessive disorder. It hampers the normal function of various organs and causes severe damage to the lungs, and digestive system leading to recurring pneumonia. Cf also affects reproductive health eventually may cause infertility. The disease manifests due to genetic aberrations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This study aimed to screen for CFTR gene variants in Pakistani CF patients representing variable phenotypes. METHODS Clinical exome and Sanger sequencing were performed after clinical characterization of 25 suspected cases of CF (CF1-CF25). ACMG guidelines were followed to interpret the clinical significance of the identified variants. RESULTS Clinical investigations revealed common phenotypes such as pancreatic insufficiency, chest infections, chronic liver and lung diseases. Some patients also displayed symptoms like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), neonatal cholestasis, acrodermatitis, diabetes mellitus, and abnormal malabsorptive stools. Genetic analysis of the 25 CF patients identified deleterious variants in the CFTR gene. Notably, 12% of patients showed compound heterozygous variants, while 88% had homozygous variants. The most prevalent variant was p. (Met1Thr or Met1?) at 24%, previously not reported in the Pakistani population. The second most common variant was p. (Phe508del) at 16%. Other variants, including p. (Leu218*), p. (Tyr569Asp), p. (Glu585Ter), and p. (Arg1162*) were also identified in the present study. Genetic analysis of one of the present patients showed a pathogenic variant in G6PD in addition to CFTR. CONCLUSION The study reports novel and reported variants in the CFTR gene in CF patients in Pakistani population having distinct phenotypes. It also emphasizes screening suspected Pakistani CF patients for the p. (Met1Thr) variant because of its increased observance and prevalence in the study. Moreover, the findings also signify searching for additional pathogenic variants in the genome of CF patients, which may modify the phenotypes. The findings contribute valuable information for the diagnosis, genetic counseling, and potential therapeutic strategies for CF patients in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Waheed
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehmana Waris
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Naseer
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Razzaq
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Haider
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali Shah
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Levring J, Chen J. Structural identification of a selectivity filter in CFTR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316673121. [PMID: 38381791 PMCID: PMC10907310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316673121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel that regulates transepithelial salt and fluid homeostasis. CFTR dysfunction leads to reduced chloride secretion into the mucosal lining of epithelial tissues, thereby causing the inherited disease cystic fibrosis. Although several structures of CFTR are available, our understanding of the ion-conduction pathway is incomplete. In particular, the route that connects the cytosolic vestibule with the extracellular space has not been clearly defined, and the structure of the open pore remains elusive. Furthermore, although many residues have been implicated in altering the selectivity of CFTR, the structure of the "selectivity filter" has yet to be determined. In this study, we identify a chloride-binding site at the extracellular ends of transmembrane helices 1, 6, and 8, where a dehydrated chloride is coordinated by residues G103, R334, F337, T338, and Y914. Alterations to this site, consistent with its function as a selectivity filter, affect ion selectivity, conductance, and open channel block. This selectivity filter is accessible from the cytosol through a large inner vestibule and opens to the extracellular solvent through a narrow portal. The identification of a chloride-binding site at the intra- and extracellular bridging point leads us to propose a complete conductance path that permits dehydrated chloride ions to traverse the lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Levring
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Jue Chen
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- HHMI, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
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Wang M, Zhou J, Long R, Mao R, Gao L, Wang X, Chen Y, Jin L, Zhu L. An overview of CFTR mutation profiles and assisted reproductive technology outcomes in Chinese patients with congenital obstructive azoospermia. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:505-513. [PMID: 38114870 PMCID: PMC10894795 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-03004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the most common causative gene attributed to congenital obstructive azoospermia (OA). The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological survey of congenital OA patients, to screen for CFTR mutations, and to follow their pregnancy outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART). METHODS This cohort study enrolled congenital OA patients undergoing ART and whole-exome sequencing from January 2018 to September 2023. Semen parameters, sex hormones, and seminal plasma biochemistry were evaluated. CFTR mutations identified in OA patients were analyzed. In addition, the laboratory outcomes, clinical outcomes, and neonatal outcomes were compared between OA patients carrying two CFTR mutations and the others after surgical sperm extraction-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. RESULTS A total of 76 patients with congenital OA were enrolled. CFTR mutations were identified in 35 (46.1%) congenital OA patients. A total of 60 CFTR mutation sites of 27 types were identified, and 10 of them were novel. The average frequency was 1.71 (60/35) per person. The most common mutation was c.1210-11T > G (25%, 15/60). After ICSI treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in laboratory outcomes, clinical outcomes, and neonatal outcomes between OA patients carrying two CFTR mutations (n = 25) and other OA patients (n = 51). CONCLUSION Apart from the IVS9-5T mutation, the genetic mutation pattern of CFTR in Chinese OA patients is heterogeneous, which is significantly different from that of Caucasians. Although carrying two CFTR mutations or not had no effect on the pregnancy outcomes in OA patients after ICSI, genetic counseling is still recommended for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Juepu Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui Long
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ruolin Mao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Limin Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiangfei Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yinwei Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Wiesel V, Aviram M, Mei-Zahav M, Dotan M, Prais D, Cohen-Cymberknoh M, Gur M, Bar-Yoseph R, Livnat G, Goldbart A, Hazan G, Hazan I, Golan-Tripto I. Eradication of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in People with Cystic Fibrosis Treated with Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor: A Multicenter Cohort Study. J Cyst Fibros 2024; 23:41-49. [PMID: 37173154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections is rising in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). NTM infection, especially infection with Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC), is commonly associated with severe lung deterioration. The current treatment modalities, including multiple intravenous antibiotics, frequently fail to achieve airway eradication. Although treatment with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has been shown to modulate the lung microbiome, data regarding its role in eradicating NTM in pwCF is lacking. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of ETI on the rate of NTM eradication in pwCF. METHODS This retrospective multicenter cohort study included pwCF from five CF centers in Israel. PwCF aged older than 6 who had at least one positive NTM airway culture in the past two years and were treated with ETI for at least one year were included. The annual NTM and bacterial isolations, pulmonary function tests, and body mass index were analyzed before and after ETI treatment. RESULTS Fifteen pwCF were included (median age 20.9 years, 73.3% females, 80% pancreatic insufficient). In nine patients (66%) NTM isolations were eradicated following treatment with ETI. Seven of them had MABC. The median time between the first NTM isolation and treatment with ETI was 2.71 years (0.27-10.35 years). Eradication of NTM was associated with improved pulmonary function tests (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we report successful eradication of NTM, including MABC, following treatment with ETI in pwCF. Additional studies are needed to assess whether treatment with ETI can result in the long-term eradication of NTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Wiesel
- Medical School for International Health, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Micha Aviram
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Meir Mei-Zahav
- Kathy and Lee Graub Cystic Fibrosis Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Miri Dotan
- Kathy and Lee Graub Cystic Fibrosis Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dario Prais
- Kathy and Lee Graub Cystic Fibrosis Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Malena Cohen-Cymberknoh
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Gur
- Pediatric Pulmonary Institute and CF Center, Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronen Bar-Yoseph
- Pediatric Pulmonary Institute and CF Center, Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Galit Livnat
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit and CF center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aviv Goldbart
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Guy Hazan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Itai Hazan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Inbal Golan-Tripto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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Delpiano L, Rodenburg LW, Burke M, Nelson G, Amatngalim GD, Beekman JM, Gray MA. Dynamic regulation of airway surface liquid pH by TMEM16A and SLC26A4 in cystic fibrosis nasal epithelia with rare mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307551120. [PMID: 37967223 PMCID: PMC10666107 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307551120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), defects in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel lead to an acidic airway surface liquid (ASL), which compromises innate defence mechanisms, predisposing to pulmonary failure. Restoring ASL pH is a potential therapy for people with CF, particularly for those who cannot benefit from current highly effective modulator therapy. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying ASL pH regulation. The calcium-activated chloride channel, TMEM16A, and the anion exchanger, SLC26A4, have been proposed as targets for restoring ASL pH, but current results are contradictory and often utilise nonphysiological conditions. To provide better evidence for a role of these two proteins in ASL pH homeostasis, we developed an efficient CRISPR-Cas9-based approach to knock-out (KO) relevant transporters in primary airway basal cells lacking CFTR and then measured dynamic changes in ASL pH under thin-film conditions in fully differentiated airway cultures, which better simulate the in vivo situation. Unexpectantly, we found that both proteins regulated steady-state as well as agonist-stimulated ASL pH, but only under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, we identified two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs which raised ASL pH by activating SLC26A4. While we identified a role for SLC26A4 in fluid absorption, KO had no effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated fluid secretion in airway organoids. Overall, we have identified a role of TMEM16A in ASL pH homeostasis and shown that both TMEM16A and SLC26A4 could be important alternative targets for ASL pH therapy in CF, particularly for those people who do not produce any functional CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Delpiano
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa W Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of the European Reference Network-LUNG, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Burke
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Nelson
- Bioimaging Unit, Ageing Research Laboratories, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of the European Reference Network-LUNG, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Member of the European Reference Network-LUNG, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Alliance Eindhoven University of Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A Gray
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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Dong J, Ruan W, Duan X. Molecular-based phenotype variations in amelogenesis imperfecta. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2334-2365. [PMID: 37154292 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is one of the typical dental genetic diseases in human. It can occur isolatedly or as part of a syndrome. Previous reports have mainly clarified the types and mechanisms of nonsyndromic AI. This review aimed to compare the phenotypic differences among the hereditary enamel defects with or without syndromes and their underlying pathogenic genes. We searched the articles in PubMed with different strategies or keywords including but not limited to amelogenesis imperfecta, enamel defects, hypoplastic/hypomaturation/hypocalcified, syndrome, or specific syndrome name. The articles with detailed clinical information about the enamel and other phenotypes and clear genetic background were used for the analysis. We totally summarized and compared enamel phenotypes of 18 nonsyndromic AI with 17 causative genes and 19 syndromic AI with 26 causative genes. According to the clinical features, radiographic or ultrastructural changes in enamel, the enamel defects were basically divided into hypoplastic and hypomineralized (hypomaturated and hypocalcified) and presented a higher heterogeneity which were closely related to the involved pathogenic genes, types of mutation, hereditary pattern, X chromosome inactivation, incomplete penetrance, and other mechanisms.The gene-specific enamel phenotypes could be an important indicator for diagnosing nonsyndromic and syndromic AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenyan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Lee EM, Verma M, Palaniappan N, Pope EM, Lee S, Blacher L, Neerumalla P, An W, Campbell T, Brown C, Hurst S, Marshall B, Hershey T, Nunes V, López de Heredia M, Urano F. Genotype and clinical characteristics of patients with Wolfram syndrome and WFS1-related disorders. Front Genet 2023; 14:1198171. [PMID: 37415600 PMCID: PMC10321297 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1198171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus, and sensorineural hearing loss. We sought to elucidate the relationship between genotypic and phenotypic presentations of Wolfram syndrome which would assist clinicians in classifying the severity and prognosis of Wolfram syndrome more accurately. Approach: Patient data from the Washington University International Registry and Clinical Study for Wolfram Syndrome and patient case reports were analyzed to select for patients with two recessive mutations in the WFS1 gene. Mutations were classified as being either nonsense/frameshift variants or missense/in-frame insertion/deletion variants. Missense/in-frame variants were further classified as transmembrane or non-transmembrane based on whether they affected amino acid residues predicted to be in transmembrane domains of WFS1. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests with multiple test adjustment applied via the Bonferonni correction. Results: A greater number of genotype variants correlated with earlier onset and a more severe presentation of Wolfram syndrome. Secondly, non-sense and frameshift variants had more severe phenotypic presentations than missense variants, as evidenced by diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy emerging significantly earlier in patients with two nonsense/frameshift variants compared with zero or one nonsense/frameshift variants. In addition, the number of transmembrane in-frame variants demonstrated a statistically significant dose-effect on age of onset of diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy among patients with either one or two in-frame variants. Summary/Conclusion: The results contribute to our current understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship of Wolfram syndrome, suggesting that alterations in coding sequences result in significant changes in the presentation and severity of Wolfram. The impact of these findings is significant, as the results will aid clinicians in predicting more accurate prognoses and pave the way for personalized treatments for Wolfram syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M. Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Megha Verma
- Division of Endocrinology and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nila Palaniappan
- Division of Endocrinology and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Emiko M. Pope
- Division of Endocrinology and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sammie Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lindsey Blacher
- Division of Endocrinology and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Pooja Neerumalla
- Division of Endocrinology and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - William An
- Division of Endocrinology and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Toko Campbell
- Division of Endocrinology and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Cris Brown
- Division of Endocrinology and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stacy Hurst
- Division of Endocrinology and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bess Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Virginia Nunes
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Genes Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Genetics Unit, Physiological Sciences Department, Health Sciences and Medicine Faculty University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López de Heredia
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Division of Endocrinology and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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10
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Lee EM, Verma M, Palaniappan N, Pope EM, Lee S, Blacher L, Neerumalla P, An W, Campbell T, Brown C, Hurst S, Marshall B, Hershey T, Nunes V, de Heredia ML, Urano F. Genotype and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Wolfram Syndrome and WFS1-related Disorders. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.15.23284904. [PMID: 36824811 PMCID: PMC9949199 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.23284904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus, and sensorineural hearing loss. We sought to elucidate the relationship between genotypic and phenotypic presentations of Wolfram syndrome which would assist clinicians in classifying the severity and prognosis of Wolfram syndrome more accurately. Approach Patient data from the Washington University International Registry and Clinical Study for Wolfram Syndrome and patient case reports were analyzed to select for patients with two recessive mutations in the WFS1 gene. Mutations were classified as being either nonsense/frameshift variants or missense/in-frame insertion/deletion variants and statistical analysis was performed using unpaired and paired t-tests and one- and two-way ANOVA with Tukey's or Dunnett's tests. Results A greater number of genotype variants correlated with earlier onset and a more severe presentation of Wolfram syndrome. Secondly, non-sense and frameshift variants had more severe phenotypic presentations than missense variants, as evidenced by optic atrophy emerging significantly earlier in patients with 2 nonsense/frameshift alleles compared with 0 missense transmembrane variants. In addition, the number of transmembrane in-frame variants demonstrated a statistically significant dose-effect on age of onset of diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. Summary / Conclusions The results contribute to our current understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship of Wolfram syndrome, suggesting that alterations in coding sequences result in significant changes in the presentation and severity of Wolfram. The impact of these findings is significant, as the results will aid clinicians in predicting more accurate prognoses and pave the way for personalized treatments for Wolfram syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Megha Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nila Palaniappan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Emiko M. Pope
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sammie Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lindsey Blacher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pooja Neerumalla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - William An
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Toko Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cris Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stacy Hurst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bess Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Virginia Nunes
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory. Genes, Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL, l’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Genetics Unit. Physiological Sciences Department. Health Sciences and Medicine Faculty. University of Barcelona, l’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel López de Heredia
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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11
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Ravatin M, Odolczyk N, Servel N, Guijarro JI, Tagat E, Chevalier B, Baatallah N, Corringer PJ, Lukács GL, Edelman A, Zielenkiewicz P, Chambard JM, Hinzpeter A, Faure G. Design of Crotoxin-Based Peptides with Potentiator Activity Targeting the ΔF508NBD1 Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167929. [PMID: 36566799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the CBb subunit of crotoxin, a β-neurotoxin with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, targets the human ΔF508CFTR chloride channel implicated in cystic fibrosis (CF). By direct binding to the nucleotide binding domain 1 (NBD1) of ΔF508CFTR, this neurotoxic PLA2 acts as a potentiator increasing chloride channel current and corrects the trafficking defect of misfolded ΔF508CFTR inside the cell. Here, for a therapeutics development of new anti-cystic fibrosis agents, we use a structure-based in silico approach to design peptides mimicking the CBb-ΔF508NBD1 interface. Combining biophysical and electrophysiological methods, we identify several peptides that interact with the ΔF508NBD1 domain and reveal their effects as potentiators on phosphorylated ΔF508CFTR. Moreover, protein-peptide interactions and electrophysiological studies allowed us to identify key residues of ΔF508NBD1 governing the interactions with the novel potentiators. The designed peptides bind to the same region as CBb phospholipase A2 on ΔF508NBD1 and potentiate chloride channel activity. Certain peptides also show an additive effect towards the clinically approved VX-770 potentiator. The identified CF therapeutics peptides represent a novel class of CFTR potentiators and illustrate a strategy leading to reproducing the effect of specific protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ravatin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Récepteurs-Canaux, Département de Neuroscience, 25, rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France; Sanofi, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, In Vitro Biology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Norbert Odolczyk
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Récepteurs-Canaux, Département de Neuroscience, 25, rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France; Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nathalie Servel
- INSERM, U1151, Université de Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), CNRS, UMR 8253, 160 rue de Vaugirard, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - J Iñaki Guijarro
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Biological NMR and HDX-MS Technological Platform, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Eric Tagat
- Sanofi, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, In Vitro Biology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Benoit Chevalier
- INSERM, U1151, Université de Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), CNRS, UMR 8253, 160 rue de Vaugirard, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Nesrine Baatallah
- INSERM, U1151, Université de Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), CNRS, UMR 8253, 160 rue de Vaugirard, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Corringer
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Récepteurs-Canaux, Département de Neuroscience, 25, rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Gergely L Lukács
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aleksander Edelman
- INSERM, U1151, Université de Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), CNRS, UMR 8253, 160 rue de Vaugirard, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Piotr Zielenkiewicz
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jean-Marie Chambard
- Sanofi, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, In Vitro Biology, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Alexandre Hinzpeter
- INSERM, U1151, Université de Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), CNRS, UMR 8253, 160 rue de Vaugirard, F-75015 Paris, France.
| | - Grazyna Faure
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Récepteurs-Canaux, Département de Neuroscience, 25, rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015 Paris, France.
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12
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Feng J, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhang Y. Heterogeneous spectrum of CFTR gene mutations in Chinese patients with CAVD and the dilemma of genetic blocking strategy. Reproduction 2022; 164:R47-R56. [PMID: 35913788 DOI: 10.1530/rep-21-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In brief The genetic heterogeneity of CFTR gene mutations in Chinese patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) differs from the hotspot mutation pattern in Caucasians. This paper reviews and suggests a more suitable screening strategy for the Chinese considering the dilemma of CFTR genetic blocking. Abstract Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a major cause of obstructive azoospermia and male infertility, with CFTR gene mutation as the main pathogenesis. Other genes such as ADGRG2, SLC9A3, and PANK2 have been discovered and proven to be associated with CAVD in recent studies. Multiple CFTR hotspot mutations have been found in Caucasians in several foreign countries, and relevant genetic counseling and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) have been conducted for decades. However, when we examined research on Chinese CAVD, we discovered that CFTR mutations show heterogeneity in the Chinese Han population, and there is currently no well-established screening strategy. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature, combining domestic and international research as well as our own, aiming to review research progress on the CFTR gene in China and discuss the appropriate scope for CFTR gene detection, the detection efficiency of other CAVD-related genes, and the screening strategy applicable to the Chinese Han population. This study provides more valuable information for genetic counseling and a theoretical basis for PGD and treatment for couples with CAVD when seeking reproductive assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Feng
- 1Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- 1Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- 1Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- 1Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Fang X, Yeh JT, Hwang TC. Pharmacological Responses of the G542X-CFTR to CFTR Modulators. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:921680. [PMID: 35813815 PMCID: PMC9263564 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.921680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal hereditary disease caused by loss-of-function mutations of the chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). With the development of small-molecule CFTR modulators, including correctors that facilitate protein folding and expression and potentiators that promote channel activity, about 90% of the CF patients are now receiving efficacious target therapies. G542X-CFTR, a premature termination codon (PTC) mutation, is the most common disease-associated mutation found in the remaining 10% of patients that await effective drugs to rectify the fundamental defects caused by PTC. In this study, we employed biophysical and biochemical techniques to characterize the pharmacological responses of the translational products of G542X-CFTR to a range of new CFTR modulators. Specifically, we identified two different proteins translated from the G542X-CFTR cDNA using western blotting: the C-terminus truncated protein that responds to the C1 corrector which binds to the N-terminal part of the protein and a full-length CFTR protein through the read-through process. Electrophysiological data suggest that the read-through protein, but not the C-terminus truncated one, is functional and responds well to CFTR potentiators despite a lower open probability compared to wild-type CFTR. As the expression of the read-through products can be increased synergistically with the read-through reagent G418 and C1 corrector, but not with combinations of different types of correctors, we concluded that an efficacious read-through reagent is a prerequisite for mitigating the deficits of G542X-CFTR. Moreover, the CFTR potentiators may help improve the effectiveness of future combinational therapy for patients carrying PTCs such as G542X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Fang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jiunn-Tyng Yeh
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jiunn-Tyng Yeh,
| | - Tzyh-Chang Hwang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Baez-Nieto D, Allen A, Akers-Campbell S, Yang L, Budnik N, Pupo A, Shin YC, Genovese G, Liao M, Pérez-Palma E, Heyne H, Lal D, Lipscombe D, Pan JQ. Analysing an allelic series of rare missense variants of CACNA1I in a Swedish schizophrenia cohort. Brain 2022; 145:1839-1853. [PMID: 34919654 PMCID: PMC9166571 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CACNA1I is implicated in the susceptibility to schizophrenia by large-scale genetic association studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms. However, the channelopathy of CACNA1I in schizophrenia is unknown. CACNA1I encodes CaV3.3, a neuronal voltage-gated calcium channel that underlies a subtype of T-type current that is important for neuronal excitability in the thalamic reticular nucleus and other regions of the brain. Here, we present an extensive functional characterization of 57 naturally occurring rare and common missense variants of CACNA1I derived from a Swedish schizophrenia cohort of more than 10 000 individuals. Our analysis of this allelic series of coding CACNA1I variants revealed that reduced CaV3.3 channel current density was the dominant phenotype associated with rare CACNA1I coding alleles derived from control subjects, whereas rare CACNA1I alleles from schizophrenia patients encoded CaV3.3 channels with altered responses to voltages. CACNA1I variants associated with altered current density primarily impact the ionic channel pore and those associated with altered responses to voltage impact the voltage-sensing domain. CaV3.3 variants associated with altered voltage dependence of the CaV3.3 channel and those associated with peak current density deficits were significantly segregated across affected and unaffected groups (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.034). Our results, together with recent data from the SCHEMA (Schizophrenia Exome Sequencing Meta-Analysis) cohort, suggest that reduced CaV3.3 function may protect against schizophrenia risk in rare cases. We subsequently modelled the effect of the biophysical properties of CaV3.3 channel variants on thalamic reticular nucleus excitability and found that compared with common variants, ultrarare CaV3.3-coding variants derived from control subjects significantly decreased thalamic reticular nucleus excitability (P = 0.011). When all rare variants were analysed, there was a non-significant trend between variants that reduced thalamic reticular nucleus excitability and variants that either had no effect or increased thalamic reticular nucleus excitability across disease status. Taken together, the results of our functional analysis of an allelic series of >50 CACNA1I variants in a schizophrenia cohort reveal that loss of function of CaV3.3 is a molecular phenotype associated with reduced disease risk burden, and our approach may serve as a template strategy for channelopathies in polygenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baez-Nieto
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew Allen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Seth Akers-Campbell
- Carney Institute for Brain Science & Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Lingling Yang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nikita Budnik
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amaury Pupo
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Young-Cheul Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giulio Genovese
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maofu Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Palma
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH 44195, USA
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Universidad del Desarrollo, Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Chile
| | - Henrike Heyne
- Genomic Medicine, Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam, 14482, Germany
| | - Dennis Lal
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH 44195, USA
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Diane Lipscombe
- Carney Institute for Brain Science & Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jen Q. Pan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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15
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Escobedo-Monge MF, Barrado E, Parodi-Román J, Escobedo-Monge MA, Marcos-Temprano M, Marugán-Miguelsanz JM. Magnesium Status and Calcium/Magnesium Ratios in a Series of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:1793. [PMID: 35565764 PMCID: PMC9104329 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential micronutrient that participates in various enzymatic reactions that regulate vital biological functions. The main aim was to assess the Mg status and its association with nutritional indicators in seventeen cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The serum Mg and calcium (Ca) levels were determined using standardized methods and the dietary Mg intake by prospective 72 h dietary surveys. The mean serum Ca (2.45 mmol/L) and Mg (0.82 mmol/L) had normal levels, and the mean dietary intake of the Ca (127% DRI: Dietary Reference Intake) and Mg (125% DRI) were high. No patients had an abnormal serum Ca. A total of 47% of the subjects had hypomagnesemia and 12% insufficient Mg consumption. One patient had a serum Mg deficiency and inadequate Mg intake. A total of 47 and 82% of our series had a high serum Ca/Mg ratio of >4.70 (mean 4.89) and a low Ca/Mg intake ratio of <1.70 (mean 1.10), respectively. The likelihood of a high Ca/Mg ratio was 49 times higher in patients with a serum Mg deficiency than in normal serum Mg patients. Both Ca/Mg ratios were associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and even several cancers. Therefore, 53% of the CF patients were at high risk of a Mg deficiency and developing other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Fabiola Escobedo-Monge
- Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Enrique Barrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, Calle Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | | | | | - Marianela Marcos-Temprano
- Pediatric Service, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Marugán-Miguelsanz
- Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid University, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
- Section of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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16
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Cheng H, Yang S, Meng Q, Zheng B, Gu Y, Wang L, Song T, Xu C, Wang G, Han M, Shen L, Ding J, Li H, Ouyang J. Genetic analysis and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes of Chinese patients with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:719-728. [PMID: 35119551 PMCID: PMC8995229 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) is a major cause of obstructive azoospermia and male factor infertility. CBAVD is mainly caused by mutations in the genes encoding CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) and ADGRG2 (adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2). This study aimed to describe CFTR and ADGRG2 variations in 46 Chinese CBAVD patients and evaluated sperm retrieval and assisted reproductive technology outcomes. METHODS The CFTR and ADGRG2 genes were sequenced and analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES), and variations were identified by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis was performed. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of patients undergoing sperm retrieval surgery and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). RESULTS In total, 35 of 46 (76.09%) patients carried at least one variation in CFTR, but no copy number variants or ADGRG2 variations were found. In addition to the IVS9-5 T allele, there were 27 CFTR variations, of which 4 variations were novel and predicted to be damaging by bioinformatics. Spermatozoa were successfully retrachieved in 46 patients, and 39 of the patients had their own offspring through ICSI. CONCLUSION There are no obvious hotspot CFTR mutations in Chinese CBAVD patients besides the IVS9-5 T allele. Therefore, WES might be the best detection method, and genetic counseling should be different from that provided to Caucasian populations. After proper counseling, all patients can undergo sperm retrieval from their epididymis or testis, and most of them can have their own children through ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000 Jiangsu China ,Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shenmin Yang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingxia Meng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yidong Gu
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Luyun Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Chunlu Xu
- Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Gaigai Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mutian Han
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liyan Shen
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Noel S, Servel N, Hatton A, Golec A, Rodrat M, Ng DRS, Li H, Pranke I, Hinzpeter A, Edelman A, Sheppard DN, Sermet-Gaudelus I. Correlating genotype with phenotype using CFTR-mediated whole-cell Cl - currents in human nasal epithelial cells. J Physiol 2021; 600:1515-1531. [PMID: 34761808 DOI: 10.1113/jp282143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the epithelial anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) causes a wide spectrum of disease, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and CFTR-related diseases (CFTR-RDs). Here, we investigate genotype-phenotype-CFTR function relationships using human nasal epithelial (hNE) cells from a small cohort of non-CF subjects and individuals with CF and CFTR-RDs and genotypes associated with either residual or minimal CFTR function using electrophysiological techniques. Collected hNE cells were either studied directly with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique or grown as primary cultures at an air-liquid interface after conditional reprogramming. The properties of cAMP-activated whole-cell Cl- currents in freshly isolated hNE cells identified them as CFTR-mediated. Their magnitude varied between hNE cells from individuals within the same genotype and decreased in the rank order: non-CF > CFTR residual function > CFTR minimal function. CFTR-mediated whole-cell Cl- currents in hNE cells isolated from fully differentiated primary cultures were identical to those in freshly isolated hNE cells in both magnitude and behaviour, demonstrating that conditional reprogramming culture is without effect on CFTR expression and function. For the cohort of subjects studied, CFTR-mediated whole-cell Cl- currents in hNE cells correlated well with CFTR-mediated transepithelial Cl- currents measured in vitro with the Ussing chamber technique, but not with those determined in vivo with the nasal potential difference assay. Nevertheless, they did correlate with the sweat Cl- concentration of study subjects. Thus, this study highlights the complexity of genotype-phenotype-CFTR function relationships, but emphasises the value of conditionally reprogrammed hNE cells in CFTR research and therapeutic testing. KEY POINTS: The genetic disease cystic fibrosis is caused by pathogenic variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an ion channel, which controls anion flow across epithelia lining ducts and tubes in the body. This study investigated CFTR function in nasal epithelial cells from people with cystic fibrosis and CFTR variants with a range of disease severity. CFTR function varied widely in nasal epithelial cells depending on the identity of CFTR variants, but was unaffected by conditional reprogramming culture, a cell culture technique used to grow large numbers of patient-derived cells. Assessment of CFTR function in vitro in nasal epithelial cells and epithelia, and in vivo in the nasal epithelium and sweat gland highlights the complexity of genotype-phenotype-CFTR function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Noel
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Servel
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Hatton
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anita Golec
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mayuree Rodrat
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Center of Research and Development for Biomedical Instrumentation, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Demi R S Ng
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Iwona Pranke
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Hinzpeter
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aleksander Edelman
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David N Sheppard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence Maladies Rares, Mucoviscidose et Maladies Apparentées, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
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18
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Nykamp K, Truty R, Riethmaier D, Wilkinson J, Bristow SL, Aguilar S, Neitzel D, Faulkner N, Aradhya S. Elucidating clinical phenotypic variability associated with the polyT tract and TG repeats in CFTR. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1165-1172. [PMID: 34196078 PMCID: PMC9292755 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic pathogenic variants in CFTR manifest as cystic fibrosis (CF) or other CFTR-related disorders (CFTR-RDs). The 5T allele, causing alternative splicing and reduced protein activity, is modulated by the adjacent TG repeat element, though previous data have been limited to small, selective cohorts. Here, the risk and spectrum of phenotypes associated with the CFTR TG-T5 haplotype variants (TG11T5, TG12T5, and TG13T5) in the absence of the p.Arg117His variant are evaluated. Individuals who received physician-ordered next-generation sequencing of CFTR were included. TG[11-13]T5 variant frequencies (biallelic or with another CF-causing variant [CFvar]) were calculated. Clinical information reported by the ordering provider or the individual was examined. Among 548,300 individuals, the T5 minor allele frequency (MAF) was 4.2% (TG repeat distribution: TG11 = 68.1%, TG12 = 29.5%, TG13 = 2.4%). When present with a CFvar, each TG[11-13]T5 variant was significantly enriched in individuals with a high suspicion of CF or CFTR-RD (personal/family history of CF/CFTR-RD) compared to those with a low suspicion for CF or CFTR-RD (hereditary cancer screening, CFTR not requisitioned). Compared to CFvar/CFvar individuals, those with TG[11-13]T5/CFvar generally had single-organ involvement, milder symptoms, variable expressivity, and reduced penetrance. These data improve our understanding of disease risks associated with TG[11-13]T5 variants and have important implications for reproductive genetic counseling.
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19
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Prevalence of ∆F508 cystic fibrosis carriers in a Romanian population group. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Intestinal Dysbiosis in Young Cystic Fibrosis Rabbits. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020132. [PMID: 33669429 PMCID: PMC7920415 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) often experience gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities. In recent years, the intestinal microbiome has been postulated as a contributor to the development of CF-associated GI complications, hence representing a potential therapeutic target for treatment. We recently developed a rabbit model of CF, which is shown to manifest many human patient-like pathological changes, including intestinal obstruction. Here, we investigated the feces microbiome in young CF rabbits in the absence of antibiotics treatment. Stool samples were collected from seven- to nine-week-old CF rabbits (n = 7) and age-matched wild-type (WT) rabbits (n = 6). Microbiomes were investigated by iTag sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and functional profiles were predicted using PICRUSt. Consistent with reports of those in pediatric CF patients, the fecal microbiomes of CF rabbits are of lower richness and diversity than that of WT rabbits, with a marked taxonomic and inferred functional dysbiosis. Our work identified a new CF animal model with the manifestation of intestinal dysbiosis phenotype. This model system may facilitate the research and development of novel treatments for CF-associated gastrointestinal diseases.
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21
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Current Status of Genetic Diagnosis Laboratories and Frequency of Genetic Variants Associated with Cystic Fibrosis through a Newborn-Screening Program in Turkey. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020206. [PMID: 33572515 PMCID: PMC7910984 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common worldwide, life-shortening multisystem hereditary disease, with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The national newborn screening (NBS) program for CF has been initiated in Turkey since 2015. If the immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) is elevated (higher than 70 μg/L in the second control) and confirmed by sweat test or clinical findings, genetic testing is performed. The aims of this study are to emphasize the effect of NBS on the status of genetic diagnosis centers with the increasing numbers of molecular testing methods, and to determine the numbers and types of CFTR mutations in Turkey. Methods: The next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) results of 1595 newborns, who were referred to Cukurova University Adana Genetic Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center (AGENTEM) for molecular genetic testing, were evaluated with positive CF NBS program results since 2017. Results: According to the results; 560 (35.1%) of the 1595 patients carried at least 1 (one) CF-related variant, while 1035 patients (64.9%) had no mutation. Compound heterozygosity for two mutations was the most common in patients, while two detected variants were homozygote in 14 patients. A total of 161 variants were detected in 561 patients with mutations. Fifteen novel variants that have not been previously reported were found. Moreover, p.L997F was identified as the most frequent pathogenic mutation that might affect the IRT measurements used for the NBS. The distribution of mutation frequencies in our study showed a difference from those previously reported; for example, the well-known p.F508del was the third most common (n = 42 alleles), rather than the first. The most striking finding is that 313 cases had a pathogenic variant together with the V470M variant, which might have a cumulative effect on CF perpetuation. Conclusion: This study is the first to determine the mutational spectrum of CFTR in correlation with the NBS program in the Turkish population. NBS for CF raises issues regarding screening in diverse populations, both medical and non-medical benefits, and carrier identification. Through the lens of NBS, we focused on the integrated diagnostic algorithms and their effect on the results of genetic testing.
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22
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Xu J, Zhang J, Yang D, Song J, Pallas B, Zhang C, Hu J, Peng X, Christensen ND, Han R, Chen YE. Gene Editing in Rabbits: Unique Opportunities for Translational Biomedical Research. Front Genet 2021; 12:642444. [PMID: 33584832 PMCID: PMC7876448 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.642444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbit is a classic animal model for biomedical research, but the production of gene targeted transgenic rabbits had been extremely challenging until the recent advent of gene editing tools. More than fifty gene knockout or knock-in rabbit models have been reported in the past decade. Gene edited (GE) rabbit models, compared to their counterpart mouse models, may offer unique opportunities in translational biomedical research attributed primarily to their relatively large size and long lifespan. More importantly, GE rabbit models have been found to mimic several disease pathologies better than their mouse counterparts particularly in fields focused on genetically inherited diseases, cardiovascular diseases, ocular diseases, and others. In this review we present selected examples of research areas where GE rabbit models are expected to make immediate contributions to the understanding of the pathophysiology of human disease, and support the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brooke Pallas
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chen Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences and Biophysics Graduate Program, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jiafen Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Xuwen Peng
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Neil D Christensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Renzhi Han
- Biomedical Sciences and Biophysics Graduate Program, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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23
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Linsdell P. On the relationship between anion binding and chloride conductance in the CFTR anion channel. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183558. [PMID: 33444622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations at many sites within the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel pore region result in changes in chloride conductance. Although chloride binding in the pore - as well as interactions between concurrently bound chloride ions - are thought to be important facets of the chloride permeation mechanism, little is known about the relationship between anion binding and chloride conductance. The present work presents a comprehensive investigation of a number of anion binding properties in different pore mutants with differential effects on chloride conductance. When multiple pore mutants are compared, conductance appears best correlated with the ability of anions to bind to the pore when it is already occupied by chloride ions. In contrast, conductance was not correlated with biophysical measures of anion:anion interactions inside the pore. Although these findings suggest anion binding is required for high conductance, mutations that strengthened anion binding had very little effect on conductance, especially at high chloride concentrations, suggesting that the wild-type CFTR pore is already close to saturated with chloride ions. These results are used to support a revised model of chloride permeation in CFTR in which the overall chloride occupancy of multiple loosely-defined chloride binding sites results in high chloride conductance through the pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Linsdell
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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24
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Baresi G, Giacomelli M, Moratto D, Chiarini M, Conforti IC, Padoan R, Poli P, Timpano S, Caldarale F, Badolato R. Case Report: Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines IL-6, CCL2/MCP1, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL9/MIG, and CXCL10/IP10 in a Cystic Fibrosis Patient Cohort During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:645063. [PMID: 34295857 PMCID: PMC8291286 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.645063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, data registered in the European countries revealed increasing cases of infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In the course of this pandemic, we enrolled 17 CF patients for a study evaluating inflammatory markers. One of them developed COVID-19, giving us the possibility to analyze inflammatory markers in the acute phase as compared to levels detected before and after the infectious episode and to levels measured in the other CF patients enrolled to the study who did not experience COVID-19 and 23 patients referred to our center for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Baresi
- Pediatrics Clinic, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomelli
- Pediatrics Clinic, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Moratto
- Flow Cytometry, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- Flow Cytometry, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Immacolata Claudia Conforti
- Pediatrics Clinic, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Padoan
- Pediatrics Clinic, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy.,Cystic Fibrosis Regional Support Center, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Piercarlo Poli
- Cystic Fibrosis Regional Support Center, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silviana Timpano
- Cystic Fibrosis Regional Support Center, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caldarale
- Pediatrics Clinic, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Badolato
- Pediatrics Clinic, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute of Molecular Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy.,Cystic Fibrosis Regional Support Center, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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25
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Oliveira ASF, Ciccotti G, Haider S, Mulholland AJ. Dynamical nonequilibrium molecular dynamics reveals the structural basis for allostery and signal propagation in biomolecular systems. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. B 2021; 94:144. [PMID: 34720710 PMCID: PMC8549953 DOI: 10.1140/epjb/s10051-021-00157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A dynamical approach to nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (D-NEMD), proposed in the 1970s by Ciccotti et al., is undergoing a renaissance and is having increasing impact in the study of biological macromolecules. This D-NEMD approach, combining MD simulations in stationary (in particular, equilibrium) and nonequilibrium conditions, allows for the determination of the time-dependent structural response of a system using the Kubo-Onsager relation. Besides providing a detailed picture of the system's dynamic structural response to an external perturbation, this approach also has the advantage that the statistical significance of the response can be assessed. The D-NEMD approach has been used recently to identify a general mechanism of inter-domain signal propagation in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and allosteric effects in β -lactamase enzymes, for example. It complements equilibrium MD and is a very promising approach to identifying and analysing allosteric effects. Here, we review the D-NEMD approach and its application to biomolecular systems, including transporters, receptors, and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sofia F. Oliveira
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS UK
- BrisSynBio, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Giovanni Ciccotti
- Institute for Applied Computing “Mauro Picone” (IAC), CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
- School of Physics, University College of Dublin, UCD-Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, Ple. A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Shozeb Haider
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Adrian J. Mulholland
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS UK
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26
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Pelleg A. Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate in pulmonary disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114319. [PMID: 33161021 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is found in every cell of the human body where it plays a critical role in cellular energetics and metabolism. ATP is released from cells under physiologic and pathophysiologic condition; extracellular ATP is rapidly degraded to adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine by ecto-enzymes (mainly, CD39 and CD73). Before its degradation, ATP acts as an autocrine and paracrine agent exerting its effects on targeted cells by activating cell surface receptors named P2 Purinergic receptors. The latter are expressed by different cell types in the lungs, the activation of which is involved in multiple pulmonary disorders. This succinct review summarizes the role of ATP in inflammation processes associated with these disorders including bronchoconstriction, cough, mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. All of these disorders still constitute unmet clinical needs. Therefore, the various ATP-signaling pathways in pulmonary inflammation constitute attractive targets for novel drug-candidates that would improve the management of patients with multiple pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Pelleg
- Danmir Therapeutics, LLC, Haverford, PA, USA. http://www.danmirtherapeutics.com
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27
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De Sutter PJ, Gasthuys E, Van Braeckel E, Schelstraete P, Van Biervliet S, Van Bocxlaer J, Vermeulen A. Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review of Data Published Between 1999 and 2019. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 59:1551-1573. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-020-00932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Luo S, Feng J, Zhang Y, Yang X, Ma G, Hu T, Xi Y, Tu X, Wang C, Zhang H, Zou Z, Zhang Y. Mutation analysis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene in Chinese congenital absence of vas deferens patients. Gene 2020; 765:145045. [PMID: 32777524 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To find the variant spectrum of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, and evaluate its frequent variants in Chinese congenital absence of vas deferens (CAVD) patients. A total of 276 patients with azoospermia and CAVD (aged from 21 to 44 years old) were investigated from May 2013 to September 2019 in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Additionally, 50 healthy, unrelated volunteers were recruited as controls (aged from 21 to 46 years old). The 5'-UTR, exons and their flanking side of the CFTR gene were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results were compared with those retrieved from the Ensembl Genome Browser. In addition, all 13 novel variants were further confirmed independently by Sanger sequencing and evaluated in the bioinformatics web servers. A schematic of the variant spectrum of the CFTR gene, including 13 novel variants (12 in CAVD patients, one in the control group), is shown, and the frequent variants in Chinese CAVD patients were 5 T (27.54%), c.-8G > C (7.25%), p.Q1352H (5.98%), and p.I556V (3.08%). 5 T was found to be the most frequent variant. p.Q1352H had a significantly high allelic frequency in CAVD patients (P < 0.05). c.-8G > C and p.I556V had high allelic frequencies but showed no difference between patients and controls (P > 0.05). p.Q1352H is the most common and important missense variant in Chinese patients with CAVD, while the pathological effects of C.-8G > C and p.I556V may be weak after evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoge Luo
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiarong Feng
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Gongchao Ma
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tengfei Hu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xuchong Tu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Andrology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.10, Huadong Road, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zijun Zou
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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29
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Alton EWFW, Boyd AC, Davies JC, Gill DR, Griesenbach U, Harman TE, Hyde S, McLachlan G. Gene Therapy for Respiratory Diseases: Progress and a Changing Context. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:911-916. [PMID: 32746737 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric W F W Alton
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Christopher Boyd
- UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jane C Davies
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah R Gill
- UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uta Griesenbach
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy E Harman
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Hyde
- UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry McLachlan
- UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Gregório C, Rosset C, Alves LDS, Netto CBO, Machado SMDS, Bersch VP, Osvaldt AB, Ashton-Prolla P. Synchronous Periampullary Tumors in a Patient With Pancreas Divisum and Neurofibromatosis Type 1. Front Genet 2020; 11:395. [PMID: 32425982 PMCID: PMC7212385 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we describe for the first time a Neurofibromatosis type 1 patient with pancreas divisum, multiple periampullary tumors and germline pathogenic variants in NF1 and CFTR genes. CASE REPORT A 62-year-old female NF1 patient presented with weakness, choluria, nausea, and diffuse abdominal pain to an emergency room service. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an abdominal mass involving the periampullary region and pancreas divisum. After surgical resection, three synchronous neoplasms were detected including two ampullary tumors (adenocarcinoma of the major ampulla and a neuroendocrine tumor of the minor ampulla) and a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Germline multigene panel testing (MGPT) identified two pathogenic heterozygous germline variants: NF1 c.838del and CFTR c.1210-34TG[12]T[5]. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a Neurofibromatosis type 1 patient with pancreas divisum and multiple periampullary tumors harboring pathogenic germline variants in NF1 and CFTR genes. The identification of two germline variants and a developmental anomaly in this patient may explain the unusual and more severe findings and underscores the importance of comprehensive molecular analyses in patients with complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleandra Gregório
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Clévia Rosset
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura da Silva Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vivian Pierri Bersch
- Serviço de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo, Grupo de Vias Biliares e Pâncreas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Grupo do Pâncreas, Serviço de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Bersch Osvaldt
- Serviço de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo, Grupo de Vias Biliares e Pâncreas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina: Ciências Cirúrgicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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McCarron A, Cmielewski P, Reyne N, McIntyre C, Finnie J, Craig F, Rout-Pitt N, Delhove J, Schjenken JE, Chan HY, Boog B, Knight E, Gilmore RC, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC, Parsons D, Donnelley M. Phenotypic Characterization and Comparison of Cystic Fibrosis Rat Models Generated Using CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:977-993. [PMID: 32084371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of cystic fibrosis (CF) are essential for investigating disease mechanisms and trialing potential therapeutics. This study generated two CF rat models using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 gene editing. One rat model carries the common human Phe508del (ΔF508) CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation, whereas the second is a CFTR knockout model. Phenotype was characterized using a range of functional and histologic assessments, including nasal potential difference to measure electrophysiological function in the upper airways, RNAscope in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR to assess CFTR mRNA expression in the lungs, immunohistochemistry to localize CFTR protein in the airways, and histopathologic assessments in a range of tissues. Both rat models revealed a range of CF manifestations, including reduced survival, intestinal obstruction, bioelectric defects in the nasal epithelium, histopathologic changes in the trachea, large intestine, and pancreas, and abnormalities in the development of the male reproductive tract. The CF rat models presented herein will prove useful for longitudinal assessments of pathophysiology and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McCarron
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole Reyne
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chantelle McIntyre
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Finnie
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Division of Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona Craig
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nathan Rout-Pitt
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Juliette Delhove
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hon Y Chan
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bernadette Boog
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emma Knight
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rodney C Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David Parsons
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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32
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Causer AJ, Shute JK, Cummings MH, Shepherd AI, Gruet M, Costello JT, Bailey S, Lindley M, Pearson C, Connett G, Allenby MI, Carroll MP, Daniels T, Saynor ZL. Circulating biomarkers of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in people with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101436. [PMID: 32044291 PMCID: PMC7264436 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). This review aimed to quantify CF-related redox imbalances. Methods Systematic searches of the Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL and PsycINFO databases were conducted. Mean content of blood biomarkers from people with clinically-stable CF and non-CF controls were used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results Forty-nine studies were eligible for this review including a total of 1792 people with CF and 1675 controls. Meta-analysis revealed that protein carbonyls (SMD: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.77), total F2-isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (SMD: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.05) and malondialdehyde (SMD: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.30 to 2.39) were significantly higher, and vitamins A (SMD: −0.66, 95% CI -1.14 to −0.17) and E (SMD: −0.74, 95% CI: −1.28 to −0.20), β-carotene (SMD: −1.80, 95% CI: −2.92 to −0.67), lutein (SMD: −1.52, 95% CI: −1.83 to −1.20) and albumin (SMD: −0.98, 95% CI: −1.68 to −0.27) were significantly lower in the plasma or serum of people with CF versus controls. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis found good evidence for reduced antioxidant capacity and elevated oxidative stress in people with clinically-stable CF. Blood biomarkers of oxidative stress were elevated in stable CF vs non-CF controls. Lipid peroxidation was positively correlated with age and immune cell count in CF. Antioxidants vitamins A & E, β-carotene, lutein and albumin were lower in stable CF. Antioxidants were positively correlated with body mass index and lung function in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Causer
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK; Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Janis K Shute
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Michael H Cummings
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Anthony I Shepherd
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Mathieu Gruet
- Laboratory of Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), UR n°201723207F, University of Toulon, France
| | - Joseph T Costello
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Stephen Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Martin Lindley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Clare Pearson
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Gary Connett
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark I Allenby
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mary P Carroll
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Daniels
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Zoe L Saynor
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK; Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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33
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Yeh JT, Hwang TC. Positional effects of premature termination codons on the biochemical and biophysical properties of CFTR. J Physiol 2019; 598:517-541. [PMID: 31585024 DOI: 10.1113/jp278418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Biochemical and biophysical characterizations of three nonsense mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) associated with a severe form of cystic fibrosis (CF) reveal the importance and heterogenous effects of the position of the premature termination codon (PTC) on the CFTR protein function. Electrophysiological studies of W1282X-CFTR, whose PTC is closer to the C-terminus of CFTR, suggest the presence of both C-terminus truncated CFTR proteins that are poorly functional and read-through, full-length products. For G542X- and E60X-CFTR, the only mechanism capable of generating functional proteins is the read-through, but the outcome of read-through products is highly variable depending on the interplay between the missense mutation caused by the read-through and the structural context of the protein. Pharmacological studies of these three PTCs with various CFTR modulators suggest position-dependent therapeutic strategies for these disease-inflicting mutations. ABSTRACT About one-third of genetic diseases and cancers are caused by the introduction of premature termination codons (PTCs). In theory, the location of the PTC in a gene determines the alternative mechanisms of translation, including premature cessation or reinitiation of translation, and read-through, resulting in differential effects on protein integrity. In this study, we used CFTR as a model system to investigate the positional effect of the PTC because of its well-understood structure-function relationship and pathophysiology. The characterization of three PTC mutations, E60X-, G542X- and W1282X-CFTR revealed heterogenous effects of these PTCs on CFTR function. The W1282X mutation results in both C-terminus truncated and read-through proteins that are partially or fully functional. In contrast, only the read-through protein is functional with E60X- and G542X-CFTR, although abundant N-terminus truncated proteins due to reinitiation of translation were detected in E60X-CFTR. Single-channel studies of the read-through proteins of E60X- and G542X-CFTR demonstrated that both mutations have a single-channel amplitude similar to wild type (WT), and good responses to high-affinity ATP analogues, suggesting intact ion permeation pathways and nucleotide binding domains (NBDs), albeit with reduced open probability (Po ). The comparison of the Po of these mutations with the proposed missense mutations revealed potential identities of the read-through products. Importantly, a majority of the functional protein studied responds to CFTR modulators like GLPG1837 and Lumacaftor. These results not only expand current understanding of the molecular (patho)physiology of CFTR, but also infer therapeutic strategies for different PTC mutations at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Tyng Yeh
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Tzyh-Chang Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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34
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Alternative chloride transport pathways as pharmacological targets for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 19 Suppl 1:S37-S41. [PMID: 31662238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that originates from mutations in the epithelial chloride channel CFTR. Whereas established therapies for the treatment of cystic fibrosis target CFTR to repair its function, alternative therapeutic strategies aim for the restoration of chloride transport by the activation of other chloride transport proteins such as TMEM16A or SLC26A9 or by the application of synthetic anionophores. TMEM16A is an anion-selective channel that is activated by the binding of Ca2+ from the cytoplasm. Pharmacological efforts aim for the increase of its open probability at resting Ca2+ concentrations. SLC26 is an uncoupled chloride transporter, which shuttles chloride across the membrane by an alternate-access mechanism. Its activation requires its mobilization from intracellular stores. Finally, anionophores are small synthetic molecules that bind chloride to form lipid-soluble complexes, which shuttle the anion across the membrane. All three approaches are currently pursued and have provided promising initial results.
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35
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Linsdell P. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR): Making an ion channel out of an active transporter structure. Channels (Austin) 2019; 12:284-290. [PMID: 30152709 PMCID: PMC6986785 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2018.1502585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of membrane transport proteins, most members of which function as ATP-dependent pumps. CFTR is unique among human ABC proteins in functioning not as a pump, but as an ion channel. Recent structural data has indicated that CFTR shares broadly similar overall architecture and ATP-dependent conformational changes as other ABC proteins. Functional investigations suggest that CFTR has a unique open portal connecting the cytoplasm to the transmembrane channel pore, that allows for a continuous pathway for Cl− ions to cross the membrane in one conformation. This lateral portal may be what allows CFTR to function as an ion channel rather than as a pump, suggesting a plausible mechanism by which channel function may have evolved in CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Linsdell
- a Department of Physiology & Biophysics , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
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36
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Yeh HI, Qiu L, Sohma Y, Conrath K, Zou X, Hwang TC. Identifying the molecular target sites for CFTR potentiators GLPG1837 and VX-770. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:912-928. [PMID: 31164398 PMCID: PMC6605684 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the binding sites for small molecules that alleviate gating
defects in CFTR would assist rational drug design for the treatment of cystic
fibrosis. Yeh et al. identify two potential binding sites for prototypical CFTR
potentiators at the interface of CFTR’s two transmembrane domains. The past two decades have witnessed major breakthroughs in developing compounds
that target the chloride channel CFTR for the treatment of patients with cystic
fibrosis. However, further improvement in affinity and efficacy for these CFTR
modulators will require insights into the molecular interactions between CFTR
modulators and their binding targets. In this study, we use in silico molecular
docking to identify potential binding sites for GLPG1837, a CFTR potentiator
that may share a common mechanism and binding site with VX-770, the FDA-approved
drug for patients carrying mutations with gating defects. Among the five binding
sites predicted by docking, the two top-scoring sites are located at the
interface between CFTR’s two transmembrane domains: site I consists of
D924, N1138, and S1141, and site IIN includes F229, F236, Y304, F312,
and F931. Using mutagenesis to probe the importance of these sites for GLPG187
binding, we find that disruption of predicted hydrogen-bonding interactions by
mutation of D924 decreases apparent affinity, while hydrophobic amino acids
substitutions at N1138 and introduction of positively charged amino acids at
S1141 improve the apparent affinity for GLPG1837. Alanine substitutions at Y304,
F312, and F931 (site IIN) decrease the affinity for GLPG1837, whereas
alanine substitutions at F229 and F236 (also site IIN), or at
residues in the other three lower-scoring sites, have little effect. In
addition, current relaxation analysis to assess the apparent dissociation rate
of VX-770 yields results consistent with the dose–response experiments
for GLPG8137, with the dissociation rate of VX-770 accelerated by D924N, F236A,
Y304A, and F312A, but decelerated by N1138L and S1141K mutations. Collectively,
these data identify two potential binding sites for GLPG1837 and VX-770 in CFTR.
We discuss the pros and cons of evidence for these two loci and the implications
for future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-I Yeh
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Liming Qiu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Yoshiro Sohma
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Tzyh-Chang Hwang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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37
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Negoda A, Hogan MS, Cowley EA, Linsdell P. Contribution of the eighth transmembrane segment to the function of the CFTR chloride channel pore. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2411-2423. [PMID: 30758641 PMCID: PMC11105405 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our molecular understanding of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-the chloride channel that is mutated in cystic fibrosis-has been greatly enhanced by a number of recent atomic-level structures of the protein in different conformations. One surprising aspect of these structures was the finding that the eighth of CFTR's 12 membrane-spanning segments (TM8) appeared close to the channel pore. Although functional evidence supports a role for other TMs in forming the pore, such a role for TM8 has not previously been reported. Here, we use patch-clamp recording to investigate the functional role of TM8. Using substituted cysteine accessibility mutagenesis, we find that three amino acid side-chains in TM8 (Y913, Y914, and Y917) are exposed to the extracellular, but not the intracellular, solution. Cysteine cross-linking experiments suggest that Y914 and Y917 are in close proximity to L102 (TM1) and F337 (TM6), respectively, suggesting that TM8 contributes to the narrow selectivity filter region of the pore. Different amino acid substitutions suggest that Y914, and to a lesser extent Y917, play important roles in controlling anion flux through the open channel. Furthermore, substitutions that reduce side-chain volume at Y917 severely affect channel gating, resulting in a channel with an extremely unstable open state. Our results suggest that pore-lining TM8 is among the most important TMs controlling the permeation phenotype of the CFTR channel, and also that movement of TM8 may be critically involved in channel gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Negoda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mairin S Hogan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Cowley
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Paul Linsdell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Villella VR, Tosco A, Esposito S, Bona G, Raia V, Maiuri L. Mutation-specific therapies and drug repositioning in cystic fibrosis. Minerva Pediatr 2019; 71:287-296. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.19.05506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Efficient Gene Editing at Major CFTR Mutation Loci. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:73-81. [PMID: 30852378 PMCID: PMC6409404 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Nuclease-mediated precise gene editing (PGE) represents a promising therapy for CF, for which an efficient strategy that is free of viral vector, drug selection, and reporter enrichment (VDR free) is desirable. Here we compared different transfection methods (lipofectamine versus electroporation) and formats (plasmid DNA versus ribonucleoprotein) in delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 elements along with single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs) to clinically relevant cells targeting major CFTR mutation loci. We demonstrate that, among different combinations, electroporation of CRISPR/Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA) ribonucleoprotein (Cas9 RNP) is the most effective one. By using this VDR-free method, 4.8% to 27.2% efficiencies were achieved in creating dF508, G542X, and G551D mutations in a wild-type induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line. When it is applied to a patient-derived iPSC line carrying the dF508 mutation, a greater than 20% precise correction rate was achieved. As expected, genetic correction leads to the restoration of CFTR function in iPSC-derived proximal lung organoids, as well as in a patient-derived adenocarcinoma cell line CFPAC-1. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of gene editing-based therapeutics toward monogenic diseases such as CF.
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[Patients with cystic fibrosis become adults : Treatment hopes and disappointments]. Internist (Berl) 2019; 60:98-108. [PMID: 30627755 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-018-0536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mucoviscidosis or cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most frequent monogenetic diseases in middle Europe. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. A defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel reduces chloride ion transport to the cell membrane, which leads to malfunctions in all exocrine glands. This results in a progressive multiorgan disease, which leads to chronic inflammation and infections of the lungs. The progressive destruction of lung tissue with respiratory insufficiency is the most common cause of death in CF. Progress in symptomatic treatment over the past decades has led to a dramatic improvement in life expectation and quality of life for those affected, so that nowadays in nearly all industrial countries the majority of patients are adults. In 2012 the era of causal therapy of the CFTR protein defects was opened with the approval of ivacaftor. Long-term data now confirm the benefits. There is reason to hope that the success story of CF treatment will be continued, particularly by further CFTR modulators with innovative modes of action and improved efficacy; however, so far these are not available for all mutation classes, so that not all patients can reap the benefits. Therefore, the further development of symptomatic treatment becomes of great importance due to the complications that have already occurred before the implementation of the CFTR modulators. The implementation of modulators in early childhood can attenuate or prevent early irreversible complications. Therefore, in this article special emphasis is placed on new developments in symptomatic treatment and on new treatment options.
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Yeh JT, Yu YC, Hwang TC. Structural mechanisms for defective CFTR gating caused by the Q1412X mutation, a severe Class VI pathogenic mutation in cystic fibrosis. J Physiol 2018; 597:543-560. [PMID: 30408177 DOI: 10.1113/jp277042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Electrophysiological characterization of Q1412X-CFTR, a C-terminal truncation mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) associated with the severe form of cystic fibrosis (CF), reveals a gating defect that has not been reported previously. Mechanistic investigations of the gating deficit in Q1412X-CFTR suggest that the reduced open probability in Q1412X-CFTR is the result of a disruption of the function of the second ATP binding site (or site 2) in the nucleotide binding domains (NBDs). Detailed comparisons of several mutations with different degrees of truncation in the C-terminal region of NBD2 reveal the importance of the last two beta-strands in NBD2 for maintaining proper gating functions. The results of the present study also show that the application of clinically-approved drugs (VX-770 and VX-809) can greatly enhance the function of Q1412X, providing in vitro evidence for a therapeutic strategy employing both reagents for patients bearing Q1412X or similar truncation mutations. ABSTRACT Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by loss-of-function mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a phosphorylation-activated but ATP-gated chloride channel. Based on the molecular mechanism of CF pathogenesis, disease-associated mutations are categorized into six classes. Among them, Class VI, whose members include some of the C-terminal truncation mutations such as Q1412X, is defined as decreased membrane expression because of a faster turnover rate. In the present study, we characterized the functional properties of Q1412X-CFTR, a severe-form premature stop codon mutation. We confirmed previous findings of a ∼90% decrease in membrane expression but found a ∼95% reduction in the open probability (Po ). Detailed kinetic studies support the idea that the gating defect is the result of a dysfunctional ATP-binding site 2 in the nucleotide binding domains (NBDs). Because the Q1412X mutation results in a deletion of the last two beta-strands in NBD2 and the whole C-terminal region, we further characterized truncation mutations with different degrees of deletion in this segment. Mutations that completely or partially remove the C-terminus of CFTR at the same time as keeping an intact NBD2 (i.e. D1425X and S1455X) assume gating function almost identical to that of wild-type channels. However, the deletion of the last beta-strand in the NBD2 (i.e. N1419X) causes gating dysfunction that is milder than that of Q1412X. Thus, normal CFTR gating requires structural integrity of NBD2. Moreover, our observation that clinically-approved VX-809 (Lumacaftor, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA) and VX-770 (Ivacaftor, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA) significantly enhance the overall function of Q1412X-CFTR provides the conceptual basis for the treatment of patients carrying this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Tyng Yeh
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tzyh-Chang Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO, USA
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Massip-Copiz MM, Santa-Coloma TA. Extracellular pH and lung infections in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:402-410. [PMID: 29933921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by CFTR mutations. It is characterized by high NaCl concentration in sweat and the production of a thick and sticky mucus, occluding secretory ducts, intestine and airways, accompanied by chronic inflammation and infections of the lungs. This causes a progressive and lethal decline in lung function. Therefore, finding the mechanisms driving the high susceptibility to lung infections has been a key issue. For decades the prevalent hypothesis was that a reduced airway surface liquid (ASL) volume and composition, and the consequent increased mucus concentration (dehydration), create an environment favoring infections. However, a few years ago, in a pig model of CF, the Na+/K+ concentrations and the ASL volume were found intact. Immediately a different hypothesis arose, postulating a reduced ASL pH as the cause for the increased susceptibility to infections, due to a diminished bicarbonate secretion through CFTR. Noteworthy, a recent report found normal ASL pH values in CF children and in cultured primary airway cells, challenging the ASL pH hypothesis. On the other hand, recent evidences revitalized the hypothesis of a reduced ASL secretion. Thus, the role of the ASL pH in the CF is still a controversial matter. In this review we discuss the basis that sustain the role of CFTR in modulating the extracellular pH, and the recent results sustaining the different points of view. Finding the mechanisms of CFTR signaling that determine the susceptibility to infections is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of CF and related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Macarena Massip-Copiz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET), The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), and School of Medical Sciences, The Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Antonio Santa-Coloma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET), The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), and School of Medical Sciences, The Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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43
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McCarron A, Donnelley M, Parsons D. Airway disease phenotypes in animal models of cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 2018; 19:54. [PMID: 29609604 PMCID: PMC5879563 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterised by chronic infection, inflammation, airway remodelling, and mucus obstruction. A lack of pulmonary manifestations in CF mouse models has hindered investigations of airway disease pathogenesis, as well as the development and testing of potential therapeutics. However, recently generated CF animal models including rat, ferret and pig models demonstrate a range of well characterised lung disease phenotypes with varying degrees of severity. This review discusses the airway phenotypes of currently available CF animal models and presents potential applications of each model in airway-related CF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McCarron
- Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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44
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Hwang TC, Yeh JT, Zhang J, Yu YC, Yeh HI, Destefano S. Structural mechanisms of CFTR function and dysfunction. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:539-570. [PMID: 29581173 PMCID: PMC5881446 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hwang et al. integrate new structural insights with prior functional studies to reveal the functional anatomy of CFTR chloride channels. Cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel plays a critical role in regulating transepithelial movement of water and electrolyte in exocrine tissues. Malfunction of the channel because of mutations of the cftr gene results in CF, the most prevalent lethal genetic disease among Caucasians. Recently, the publication of atomic structures of CFTR in two distinct conformations provides, for the first time, a clear overview of the protein. However, given the highly dynamic nature of the interactions among CFTR’s various domains, better understanding of the functional significance of these structures requires an integration of these new structural insights with previously established biochemical/biophysical studies, which is the goal of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzyh-Chang Hwang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO .,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Jiunn-Tyng Yeh
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Han-I Yeh
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Samantha Destefano
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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45
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Huang H, Kuenze G, Smith JA, Taylor KC, Duran AM, Hadziselimovic A, Meiler J, Vanoye CG, George AL, Sanders CR. Mechanisms of KCNQ1 channel dysfunction in long QT syndrome involving voltage sensor domain mutations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar2631. [PMID: 29532034 PMCID: PMC5842040 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mutations that induce loss of function (LOF) or dysfunction of the human KCNQ1 channel are responsible for susceptibility to a life-threatening heart rhythm disorder, the congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS). Hundreds of KCNQ1 mutations have been identified, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for impaired function are poorly understood. We investigated the impact of 51 KCNQ1 variants with mutations located within the voltage sensor domain (VSD), with an emphasis on elucidating effects on cell surface expression, protein folding, and structure. For each variant, the efficiency of trafficking to the plasma membrane, the impact of proteasome inhibition, and protein stability were assayed. The results of these experiments combined with channel functional data provided the basis for classifying each mutation into one of six mechanistic categories, highlighting heterogeneity in the mechanisms resulting in channel dysfunction or LOF. More than half of the KCNQ1 LOF mutations examined were seen to destabilize the structure of the VSD, generally accompanied by mistrafficking and degradation by the proteasome, an observation that underscores the growing appreciation that mutation-induced destabilization of membrane proteins may be a common human disease mechanism. Finally, we observed that five of the folding-defective LQTS mutant sites are located in the VSD S0 helix, where they interact with a number of other LOF mutation sites in other segments of the VSD. These observations reveal a critical role for the S0 helix as a central scaffold to help organize and stabilize the KCNQ1 VSD and, most likely, the corresponding domain of many other ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Georg Kuenze
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jarrod A. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Keenan C. Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Amanda M. Duran
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Arina Hadziselimovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jens Meiler
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carlos G. Vanoye
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alfred L. George
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Charles R. Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disorder in Caucasian populations. Individuals with CF have seen significant increases in life expectancy in the last 60 years. As a result, previously rare complications are now coming to light. The most common of these is cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), which affects 40-50% of CF adults. CFRD significantly impacts the pulmonary function and longevity of CF patients, yet a lack of consensus on the best methods to diagnose and treat CFRD remains. We begin by reviewing our understanding of the pathogenesis of CFRD, as emerging evidence shows the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) also has important roles in the release of insulin and glucagon and in the protection of β cells from oxidative stress. We then discuss how current recommended methods of CFRD diagnosis are not appropriate, as continuous glucose monitoring becomes more effective, practical, and cost-effective. Finally, we evaluate emerging treatments which have narrowed the mortality gap within the CF patient group. In the future, pharmacological potentiators and correctors directly targeting CFTR show huge promise for both CFRD and the wider CF patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayani Kayani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Raihan Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Raihan Mohammed,
| | - Hasan Mohiaddin
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics are an established class of drugs that enable specific targeting of a gene of interest. This diverse family of drugs includes antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, and mRNA replacement therapies, which can elicit both gene repression and activation, primarily at the RNA level. Recent advances in medicinal chemistry have increased drug potency and enhanced delivery and distribution to a broad array of tissue and cell types. A key advantage of nucleic acid therapeutics is in their application to monogenic diseases. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one such disease that affects ∼70,000 people globally. This severe disease is an excellent candidate for nucleic acid therapies, as it is due to a genetic defect in a single epithelial chloride channel. Although CF affects many tissues, the primary cause of patient mortality is lung disease. Here we review the various nucleic acid therapeutic modalities and their mechanisms of action, the opportunities and challenges associated with application of nucleic acid drugs to the lung pathology of CF, and the current state and prospects for nucleic acid drugs for the treatment of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuling Guo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Carlsbad, California
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48
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Jih KY, Lin WY, Sohma Y, Hwang TC. CFTR potentiators: from bench to bedside. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 34:98-104. [PMID: 29073476 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
One major breakthrough in cystic fibrosis research in the past decade is the development of drugs that target the root cause of the disease-dysfunctional CFTR protein. One of the compounds, Ivacaftor or Kalydeco, which has been approved for clinical use since 2012, acts by promoting the gating function of CFTR. Our recent studies have led to a gating model that features energetic coupling between nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) dimerization and gate opening/closing in CFTR's transmembrane domains (TMDs). Based on this model, we showed that ATP analogs can enhance CFTR gating by facilitating NBD dimerization, whereas Ivacaftor works by stabilizing the open channel conformation of the TMDs. This latter idea also explains the near omnipotence of Ivacaftor. Furthermore, this model identifies multiple approaches to synergistically boost the open probability of CFTR by influencing distinct molecular events that control gating conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yang Jih
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yoshiro Sohma
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Tzyh-Chang Hwang
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Strategies for the etiological therapy of cystic fibrosis. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1825-1844. [PMID: 28937684 PMCID: PMC5635223 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Etiological therapies aim at repairing the underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF), which is the functional defect of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein owing to mutations in the CFTR gene. Among these, the F508del CFTR mutation accounts for more than two thirds of CF cases worldwide. Two somehow antinomic schools of thought conceive CFTR repair in a different manner. According to one vision, drugs should directly target the mutated CFTR protein to increase its plasma membrane expression (correctors) or improve its ion transport function (potentiators). An alternative strategy consists in modulating the cellular environment and proteostasis networks in which the mutated CFTR protein is synthesized, traffics to its final destination, the plasma membrane, and is turned over. We will analyze distinctive advantages and drawbacks of these strategies in terms of their scientific and clinical dimensions, and we will propose a global strategy for CF research and development based on a reconciliatory approach. Moreover, we will discuss the utility of preclinical biomarkers that may guide the personalized, patient-specific implementation of CF therapies.
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50
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Zhang Z, Chen J. Atomic Structure of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator. Cell 2017; 167:1586-1597.e9. [PMID: 27912062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel evolved from the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family. In this study, we determined the structure of zebrafish CFTR in the absence of ATP by electron cryo-microscopy to 3.7 Å resolution. Human and zebrafish CFTR share 55% sequence identity, and 42 of the 46 cystic-fibrosis-causing missense mutational sites are identical. In CFTR, we observe a large anion conduction pathway lined by numerous positively charged residues. A single gate near the extracellular surface closes the channel. The regulatory domain, dephosphorylated, is located in the intracellular opening between the two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs), preventing NBD dimerization and channel opening. The structure also reveals why many cystic-fibrosis-causing mutations would lead to defects either in folding, ion conduction, or gating and suggests new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- The Rockefeller University and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jue Chen
- The Rockefeller University and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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