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Patel V, Parekh P, Khimani M, Yusa SI, Bahadur P. Pluronics® based Penta Block Copolymer micelles as a precursor of smart aggregates for various applications: A review. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yang D, Xiao J, Wang B, Li L, Kong X, Liao J. The immune reaction and degradation fate of scaffold in cartilage/bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Characterization and Optimization of PLA Stereocomplexed Hydrogels for Local Gene Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050796. [PMID: 31058859 PMCID: PMC6572047 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized gene delivery still remains as a challenging therapeutic method due to the multiple hurdles to overcome. One of the significant factors is a development of a matrix to carry and safely deliver genes at the local site in a controlled manner and then exit and disintegrate harmlessly. This report describes the structural and mechanistic studies on the in-situ forming hydrogels composed of the PEI/DNA multi-layered micelles to apply for gene therapy. The stereocomplexation-driven hydrogel systems from the DNA-loaded and DNA-free PLA-PEG-PLA triblock copolymer micelles that include enantiomeric polylactide blocks exhibited a sol-to-gel transitions between room and body temperatures. These hydrogels have well-described structure and compositions, and improved mechanical properties. Furthermore, the investigation of their degradation profiles and chemical analysis indicated the faster acidic degradation and stepwise degradation process of these micelle–hydrogel systems.
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Uz M, Kalaga M, Pothuraju R, Ju J, Junker WM, Batra SK, Mallapragada S, Rachagani S. Dual delivery nanoscale device for miR-345 and gemcitabine co-delivery to treat pancreatic cancer. J Control Release 2019; 294:237-246. [PMID: 30576747 PMCID: PMC6379902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A polymeric dual delivery nanoscale device (DDND) was designed for combined delivery of microRNA (miR-345) and gemcitabine (GEM) to treat pancreatic cancer (PC). This temperature and pH-responsive pentablock copolymer system was able to restore miR-345, making xenograft tumors more susceptible to GEM, the standard therapy for PC. Restoration using DDND treatment results in sonic hedgehog signaling down regulation, which decreases desmoplasia, thereby resulting in improved GEM perfusion to the tumor and better therapeutic outcomes. The release of miR-345 and GEM could be tuned by using the DDND in the form of micelles or in the form of thermoreversible gels, based on polymer concentration. The DDNDs enabled miR-345 stability and sustained co-release of miR-345 and GEM, thereby facilitating dose-sparing use of GEM. Further, enhanced in vitro cellular uptake due to amphiphilic character, and endosomal escape because of the cationic end blocks led to efficient transfection with DDNDs. The combined DDND treatment enabled efficient reduction in cell viability of Capan-1 and CD18/HPAF cells in vitro compared with either GEM or miR-345 treatment alone. Mice carrying xenograft tumors treated with DDNDs carrying both miR-345 and GEM combination therapy displayed reduced tumor growth and less metastasis in distant organs compared to individual drug treatments. Immunohistochemical analysis of the xenograft tissues revealed significant down regulation of desmoplastic reaction, SHH, Gli-1, MUC4, and Ki67 compared to control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Uz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Manisha Kalaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Juhyung Ju
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Wade M Junker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Sanguine Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer & Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surya Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Recent development of synthetic nonviral systems for sustained gene delivery. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1318-1335. [PMID: 28428056 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sustained gene delivery is of particular importance today because it circumvents the need for repeated therapeutic administration and provides spatial and temporal control of the release profile. Better understanding of the genetic basis of diseases and advances in gene therapy have propelled significant research on biocompatible gene carriers for therapeutic purposes. Varied biodegradable polymer-based architectures have been used to create new compositions with unique properties suitable for sustained gene delivery. This review presents the most recent advances in various polymeric systems: hydrogels, microspheres, nanospheres and scaffolds, having complex architectures to encapsulate and deliver functional genes. Through the recombination of different existing polymer systems, the multicomplex systems can be further endowed with new properties for better-targeted biomedical applications.
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Lim SL, Tang WNH, Ooi CW, Chan ES, Tey BT. Rapid swelling and deswelling of semi-interpenetrating network poly(acrylic acid)/poly(aspartic acid) hydrogels prepared by freezing polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swee Lu Lim
- Chemical Engineering Discipline; School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Willie Ngee Hon Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Melbourne; Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- Chemical Engineering Discipline; School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
- Advanced Engineering Platform; Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Eng-Seng Chan
- Chemical Engineering Discipline; School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
- Advanced Engineering Platform; Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Beng Ti Tey
- Chemical Engineering Discipline; School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
- Advanced Engineering Platform; Monash University Malaysia; Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
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Ross K, Adams J, Loyd H, Ahmed S, Sambol A, Broderick S, Rajan K, Kohut M, Bronich T, Wannemuehler MJ, Carpenter S, Mallapragada S, Narasimhan B. Combination Nanovaccine Demonstrates Synergistic Enhancement in Efficacy against Influenza. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:368-374. [PMID: 33429541 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
H5N1 influenza virus has the potential to become a significant global health threat, and next generation vaccine technologies are needed. In this work, the combined efficacy of two nanoadjuvant platforms (polyanhydride nanoparticles and pentablock copolymer-based hydrogels) to induce protective immunity against H5N1 influenza virus was examined. Mice received two subcutaneous vaccinations (day 0 and 21) containing 10 μg of H5 hemagglutinin trimer alone or in combination with the nanovaccine platforms. Nanovaccine immunization induced high neutralizing antibody titers that were sustained through 70 days postimmunization. Finally, mice were intranasally challenged with A/H5N1 VNH5N1-PR8CDC-RG virus and monitored for 14 days. Animals receiving the combination nanovaccine had lower viral loads in the lung and weight loss after challenge in comparison to animals vaccinated with each platform alone. These data demonstrate the synergy between polyanhydride nanoparticles and pentablock copolymer-based hydrogels as adjuvants in the design of a more efficacious influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott Broderick
- Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Krishna Rajan
- Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Effective polymer adjuvants for sustained delivery of protein subunit vaccines. Acta Biomater 2015; 14:104-14. [PMID: 25484331 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized thermogelling cationic amphiphilic pentablock copolymers that have the potential to act as injectable vaccine carriers and adjuvants that can simultaneously provide sustained delivery and enhance the immunogenicity of released antigen. While these pentablock copolymers have shown efficacy in DNA delivery in past studies, the ability to deliver both DNA and protein for subunit vaccines using the same polymeric carrier can provide greater flexibility and efficacy. We demonstrate the ability of these pentablock copolymers, and the parent triblock Pluronic copolymers to slowly release structurally intact and antigenically stable protein antigens in vitro, create an antigen depot through long-term injection-site persistence and enhance the in vivo immune response to these antigens. We show release of the model protein antigen ovalbumin in vitro from the thermogelling block copolymers with the primary, secondary and tertiary structures of the released protein unchanged compared to the native protein, and its antigenicity preserved upon release. The block copolymers form a gel at physiological temperatures that serves as an antigenic depot and persists in vivo at the site of injection for over 50days. The pentablock copolymers show a significant fivefold enhancement in the immune response compared to soluble protein alone, even 6weeks after the administration, based on measurement of antibody titers. These results demonstrate the potential of these block copolymers hydrogels to persist for several weeks and sustain the release of antigen with minimal effects on protein stability and antigenicity; and their ability to be used simultaneously as a sustained delivery device as well as a subunit vaccine adjuvant platform.
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Qian YC, Chen PC, Zhu XY, Huang XJ. Click synthesis of ionic strength-responsive polyphosphazene hydrogel for reversible binding of enzymes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06649b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemically crosslinkable cationic polyphosphazene was synthesized and fabricated into hydrogels via thiol–ene click chemistry for reversible enzyme binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Cheng Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Peng-Cheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xue-Yan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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Abstract
Temperature and pH responsive pentablock copolymers were used for the first time in developing polyplex and multicomponent siRNA delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Uz
- Izmir Institute of Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Izmir
- 35430-Turkey
- Iowa State University
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Adams JR, Goswami M, Pohl NLB, Mallapragada SK. Synthesis and functionalization of virus-mimicking cationic block copolymers with pathogen-associated carbohydrates as potential vaccine adjuvants. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Huang SJ, Wang TP, Lue SI, Wang LF. Pentablock copolymers of pluronic F127 and modified poly(2-dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate for internalization mechanism and gene transfection studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2011-27. [PMID: 23745045 PMCID: PMC3671801 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s44222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic polymers are one of the major nonviral gene delivery vectors investigated in the past decade. In this study, we synthesized several cationic copolymers using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for gene delivery vectors: pluronic F127-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PF127-pDMAEMA), pluronic F127-poly (dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-tert-butyl acrylate) (PF127-p(DMAEMA-tBA)), and pluronic F127-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) (PF127-p(DMAEMA-AA)). The copolymers showed high buffering capacity and efficiently complexed with plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (pDNA) to form nanoparticles 80–180 nm in diameter and with positive zeta potentials. In the absence of 10% fetal bovine serum, PF127-p(DMAEMA-AA) showed the highest gene expression and the lowest cytotoxicity in 293T cells. After acrylic acid groups had been linked with a fluorescent dye, the confocal laser scanning microscopic image showed that PF127-p(DMAEMA-AA)/pDNA could efficiently enter the cells. Both clathrin-mediated and caveolae-mediated endocytosis mechanisms were involved. Our results showed that PF127-p(DMAEMA-AA) has great potential to be a gene delivery vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jer Huang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Adams JR, Mallapragada SK. Novel Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Method to Yield Copper-Free Block Copolymeric Biomaterials. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li Z, Yin H, Zhang Z, Liu KL, Li J. Supramolecular Anchoring of DNA Polyplexes in Cyclodextrin-Based Polypseudorotaxane Hydrogels for Sustained Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3162-72. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300936x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zibiao Li
- Department of Bioengineering,
Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Bioengineering,
Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Zhongxing Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Kerh Li Liu
- Institute of Materials Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Bioengineering,
Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
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Zhang B, Jia F, Fleming MQ, Mallapragada SK. Injectable self-assembled block copolymers for sustained gene and drug co-delivery: An in vitro study. Int J Pharm 2012; 427:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Zhang B, Zhang Y, Mallapragada SK, Clapp AR. Sensing polymer/DNA polyplex dissociation using quantum dot fluorophores. ACS NANO 2011; 5:129-138. [PMID: 21190373 DOI: 10.1021/nn1018939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the dissociation of polymer/DNA polyplexes designed for gene delivery using water-soluble quantum dots (QDs). A pH-responsive pentablock copolymer was designed to form stable complexes with plasmid DNA via tertiary amine segments. Dissociation of the polyplex was induced using chloroquine where the efficiency of this process was sensed through changes in QD fluorescence. We found that increasing concentrations of pentablock copolymer and DNA led to quenching of QD fluorescence, while chloroquine alone had no measurable effect. The mechanism of quenching was elucidated by modeling the process as the combination of static and dynamic quenching from the pentablock copolymer and DNA, as well as self-quenching due the bridging of QDs. Tertiary amine homopolymers were also used to study the effect of chain length on quenching. Overall, these QDs were found to be highly effective at monitoring the dissociation of pentablock copolymer/DNA polyplexes in vitro and may have potential for studying the release of DNA within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-2230, United States
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Arpanaei A, Winther-Jensen B, Theodosiou E, Kingshott P, Hobley TJ, Thomas ORT. Surface modification of chromatography adsorbents by low temperature low pressure plasma. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6905-16. [PMID: 20869062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study we show how low temperature glow discharge plasma can be used to prepare bi-layered chromatography adsorbents with non-adsorptive exteriors. The commercial strong anion exchange expanded bed chromatography matrix, Q HyperZ, was treated with plasmas in one of two general ways. Using a purpose-designed rotating reactor, plasmas were employed to either: (i) remove anion exchange ligands at or close to the exterior surface of Q HyperZ, and replace them with polar oxygen containing functions ('plasma etching and oxidation'); or (ii) bury the same surface exposed ligands beneath thin polymer coatings ('plasma polymerization coating') using appropriate monomers (vinyl acetate, vinyl pyrrolidone, safrole) and argon as the carrier gas. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (first ∼10 nm depth) of Q HyperZ before and after the various plasma treatments confirmed that substantial changes to the elemental composition of Q HyperZ's exterior had been inflicted in all cases. The atomic percent changes in carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, yttrium and zirconium observed after being exposed to air plasma etching were entirely consistent with: the removal of pendant Q (trimethylammonium) functions; increased exposure of the underlying yttrium-stabilised zirconia shell; and introduction of hydroxyl and carbonyl functions. Following plasma polymerization treatments (with all three monomers tested), the increased atomic percent levels of carbon and parallel drops in nitrogen, yttrium and zirconium provided clear evidence that thin polymer coats had been created at the exteriors of Q HyperZ adsorbent particles. No changes in adsorbent size and surface morphology, nor any evidence of plasma-induced damage could be discerned from scanning electron micrographs, light micrographs and measurements of particle size distributions following 3 h exposure to air (220 V; 35.8 W L(-1)) or 'vinyl acetate/argon' (170 V; 16.5 W L(-1)) plasmas. Losses in bulk chloride exchange capacity before and after exposure to plasmas enabled effective modification depths within hydrated Q HyperZ adsorbent particles to be calculated as 0.2-1.2 μm, depending on the conditions applied. The depth of plasma induced alteration was strongly influenced by the power input and size of the treated batch, i.e. dropping the power or increasing the batch size resulted in reduced plasma penetration and therefore shallower modification. The selectivity of 'surface vs. core' modification imparted to Q HyperZ by the various plasma treatments was evaluated in static and dynamic binding studies employing appropriate probes, i.e. plasmid DNA, sonicated calf thymus DNA and bovine serum albumin. In static binding studies performed with adsorbents that had been exposed to plasmas at the 5 g scale (25 g L(-1) of plasma reactor), the highest 'surface/core' modification selectivity was observed for Q HyperZ that had been subjected to 3 h of air plasma etching at 220 V (35.8 W L(-1)). This treatment removed ∼53% of 'surface' DNA binding at the expense of a 9.3% loss in 'core' protein binding. Even more impressive results were obtained in dynamic expanded bed adsorption studies conducted with Q HyperZ adsorbents that had been treated with air (220 V, 3 h) and 'vinyl acetate/argon' (170 V, 3 h) plasmas at 10.5 g scale (52.5 g L(-1) of plasma reactor). Following both plasma treatments: the 10% breakthrough capacities of the modified Q HyperZ adsorbents towards 'surface' binding DNA probes dropped very significantly (30-85%); the DNA induced inter-particle cross-linking and contraction of expanded beds observed during application of sonicated DNA on native Q HyperZ was completely eradicated; but the 'core' protein binding performance remained unchanged cf. that of the native Q HyperZ starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arpanaei
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Building 223, Institute for Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Chen FM, Jin Y. Periodontal tissue engineering and regeneration: current approaches and expanding opportunities. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:219-55. [PMID: 19860551 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The management of periodontal tissue defects that result from periodontitis represents a medical and socioeconomic challenge. Concerted efforts have been and still are being made to accelerate and augment periodontal tissue and bone regeneration, including a range of regenerative surgical procedures, the development of a variety of grafting materials, and the use of recombinant growth factors. More recently, tissue-engineering strategies, including new cell- and/or matrix-based dimensions, are also being developed, analyzed, and employed for periodontal regenerative therapies. Tissue engineering in periodontology applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological techniques that can restore lost alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and root cementum. It is based on an understanding of the role of periodontal formation and aims to grow new functional tissues rather than to build new replacements of periodontium. Although tissue engineering has merged to create more opportunities for predictable and optimal periodontal tissue regeneration, the technique and design for preclinical and clinical studies remain in their early stages. To date, the reconstruction of small- to moderate-sized periodontal bone defects using engineered cell-scaffold constructs is technically feasible, and some of the currently developed concepts may represent alternatives for certain ideal clinical scenarios. However, the predictable reconstruction of the normal structure and functionality of a tooth-supporting apparatus remains challenging. This review summarizes current regenerative procedures for periodontal healing and regeneration and explores their progress and difficulties in clinical practice, with particular emphasis placed upon current challenges and future possibilities associated with tissue-engineering strategies in periodontal regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Convertine AJ, Benoit DSW, Duvall CL, Hoffman AS, Stayton PS. Development of a novel endosomolytic diblock copolymer for siRNA delivery. J Control Release 2009; 133:221-9. [PMID: 18973780 PMCID: PMC3110267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The gene knockdown activity of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has led to their use as target validation tools and as potential therapeutics for a variety of diseases. The delivery of these double-stranded RNA macromolecules has proven to be challenging, however, and in many cases, is a barrier to their deployment. Here we report the development of a new diblock copolymer family that was designed to enhance the systemic and intracellular delivery of siRNA. These diblock copolymers were synthesized using the controlled reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) method and are composed of a positively-charged block of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) to mediate siRNA condensation, and a second endosomal-releasing block composed of DMAEMA and propylacrylic acid (PAA) in roughly equimolar ratios, together with butyl methacylate (BMA). A related series of diblock compositions were characterized, with the cationic block kept constant, and with the ratio of DMAEMA and PAA to BMA varied. These carriers became sharply hemolytic at endosomal pH regimes, with increasing hemolytic activity seen as the percentage of BMA in the second block was systematically increased. The diblock copolymers condensed siRNA into 80-250 nm particles with slightly positive Zeta potentials. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of a model protein, namely glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), in HeLa cells generally followed the hemolytic activity trends, with the most hydrophobic second block (highest BMA content) exhibiting the best knockdown. This pH-responsive carrier designed to mediate endosomal release shows significant promise for the intracellular delivery of siRNA.
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