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Metkar SK, Girigoswami A, Bondage DD, Shinde UG, Girigoswami K. The potential of lumbrokinase and serratiopeptidase for the degradation of Aβ 1-42 peptide - an in vitro and in silico approach. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:112-123. [PMID: 35694981 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2089137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is diagnosed with the deposition of insoluble β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the neuropil of the brain leading to dementia. The extracellular deposition of the fibrillar Aβ peptide on the neurons is known as senile plaques. Therefore, Aβ degradation and clearance from the human body is a promising therapeutic approach in the medication of AD. METHODS In the current study, the enzyme lumbrokinase (LK) was extracted and purified from earthworm and its activity was utilized toward Aβ 1-42 amyloids degradation in vitro alongside with an additional enzyme serratiopeptidase (SP) considering nattokinase (NK) as a standard. RESULTS The output of this study revealed that preformed Aβ 1-42 amyloids was disintegrated by both LK and SP, as demonstrated from fluorescence assay using Thioflavin T dye. In addition, dynamic light scattering study revealed the lower size of the preformed fibrils Aβ 1-42 at various time intervals after incubation with the enzymes LK and SP. Furthermore, in silico approach showed high affinity thermodynamically favorable interaction of LK as well as SP toward Aβ 1-42 amyloid. Finally, the toxicity of degraded preformed Aβ 1-42 amyloid was assessed by MTT assay which showed reduced toxicity of enzyme treated Aβ 1-42 amyloid compared to only Aβ 1-42 amyloid. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicated that LK and SP, not only had Aβ 1-42 amyloid degrading potential, but also could reduce the toxicity which can make them a suitable drug candidate for AD. Furthermore, the in vivo studies are needed to be executed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kisan Metkar
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Health City, Chennai, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Health City, Chennai, India
| | - Devanand D Bondage
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Umakant G Shinde
- Centre for Advanced Life Sciences (CFALS), Deogiri College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Health City, Chennai, India
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Future of Alzheimer’s Disease: Nanotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutic Approach. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Giannousi K, Geromichalos G, Kakolyri D, Mourdikoudis S, Dendrinou-Samara C. Interaction of ZnO Nanostructures with Proteins: In Vitro Fibrillation/Antifibrillation Studies and in Silico Molecular Docking Simulations. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:436-444. [PMID: 31904211 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein amyloidosis is related to many neurological disorders. Nanoparticles (NPs) due to their small size can regulate both the polypeptide monomers/oligomers assembly into amyloid fibrils/plaques and the disintegration of the existent plaques. Herein, we have synthesized ZnO nanoflowers and polyol-coated ZnO NPs of relatively small size (40 nm) with cylindrical shape, through solvothermal and microwave-assisted routes, respectively. The effect of the different morphology of nanostructures on the fibrillation/antifibrillation process was monitored in bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human insulin (HI) by fluorescence Thioflavin T (ThT) measurements. Although both nanomaterials affected the amyloid formation mechanism as well as their disaggregation, ZnO nanoflowers with their sharp edges exhibited the greatest amyloid degradation rate in both model proteins (73% and 35%, respectively) and inhibited the most the insulin fibril growth, while restrained also the fibrillation process in the case of albumin solution. In silico molecular docking simulations on the crystal structure of BSA and HI were performed to analyze further the observed in vitro activity of ZnO nanostructures. The binding energy of ZnO NPs was found lower for BSA (-5.44), highlighting their ability to act as catalysts in the fibrillation process of albumin monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleoniki Giannousi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - George Geromichalos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dionysia Kakolyri
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, United Kingdom
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Dendrinou-Samara
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Metkar SK, Ghosh S, Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. The Potential of Serratiopetidase and Lumbrokinase for the Degradation of Prion Peptide 106-126 - an In Vitro and In Silico Perspective. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:723-731. [PMID: 31642793 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191021150002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PrPC is a host-encoded prion protein, which gets post translationally modified into a transmissible, β-sheet rich disease associated protein called PrPSc, responsible for the Prion disease including mad cow disease in cattle and CJD in humans. The PrP 106-126 region in PrPSc peptide initiates the conformational change in that protein leading to fibrillation. Any agent that can destabilize or disintegrate such proteins can be served as a potential drug candidate for Prion diseases. METHODS In the present study, an enzyme Lumbrokinase (LK) was isolated from earthworm and its activity was exploited towards PrP 106-126 amyloids in vitro along with another enzyme Serratiopeptidase (SP) taking Nattokinase (NK) as a standard. RESULTS The results showed that PrP 106-126 amyloid formation was inhibited by both LK and SP, as evidenced from Thioflavin T fluorescence assay. Further, the size of fibrils as estimated by dynamic light scattering, was also found to be lower at different time intervals after incubation of the prion amyloids with LK and SP. Additionally, the molecular dynamics simulation revealed the thermodynamically favorable interaction of PrP 106-126 with LK as well as with SP with high affinity. CONCLUSION Finally, the toxicity of the disintegrated amyloids was assessed using PC12 cell lines which showed higher cell viability in case of LK and SP treated amyloids compared to only PrP 106- 126 amyloid treatment. Altogether, the study concluded that the serine proteases like LK and SP have the potential to disintegrate PrP 106-126 amyloids with improved cell viability. The in vivo studies are needed to be executed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kisan Metkar
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Chennai-603103, India
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Giannousi K, Antonoglou O, Dendrinou-Samara C. Interplay between Amyloid Fibrillation Delay and Degradation by Magnetic Zinc-Doped Ferrite Nanoparticles. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3796-3804. [PMID: 31298846 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis, the aggregation of naturally soluble proteins into fibrils, is the main pathological hallmark of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and new therapeutic approaches can be introduced through nanotechnology. Herein, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are proposed to combat amyloidosis and act as CNS theranostic (therapy and diagnosis) candidates through magnetomechanical forces that can be induced under a low-frequency magnetic field. In that vein, a modified one-step microwave-assisted polyol process has been employed to synthesize hybrid organic/inorganic zinc ferrite (ZnxFe3-xO4) MNPs with different levels of zinc doping (0.30 < x < 0.6) derived from the utilized polyol. The lowest doped (x = 0.30) MNPs exhibited high magnetization (127 emu/g), high T2 imaging ability (r2 = 432 mM-1 s-1), and relatively small hydrodynamic size (180 nm), decisive characteristics to further evaluate their CNS theranostic potential. Their effect on the fibrillation/degradation was monitored in two model proteins, insulin and albumin, in the presence/absence of variant external magnetic fields (static, rotating, or alternating) via Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay and optical fluorescence microscopy. The MNPs were injected either in oligomer solution where significant fibrillation delay was observed, boosted by zinc ionic leaching of MNPs, or in already formed amyloid plaques where up to 86% amyloid degradation was recorded in the presence of magnetic fields, unveiling magnetomechanical antifibrillation properties. The alternating magnetic field (4 Hz) allows the bouncing of the MNPs into the amyloid net driven by the magnetic forces, and thus is featured as the preferred "dancing mode", which strengthens the degrading efficacy of MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleoniki Giannousi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124 Greece
| | - Orestis Antonoglou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124 Greece
| | - Catherine Dendrinou-Samara
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124 Greece
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Sharmiladevi P, Akhtar N, Haribabu V, Girigoswami K, Chattopadhyay S, Girigoswami A. Excitation Wavelength Independent Carbon-Decorated Ferrite Nanodots for Multimodal Diagnosis and Stimuli Responsive Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1634-1642. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palani Sharmiladevi
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India
| | - Najim Akhtar
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Viswanathan Haribabu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India
| | | | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India
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Girigoswami A, Yassine W, Sharmiladevi P, Haribabu V, Girigoswami K. Camouflaged Nanosilver with Excitation Wavelength Dependent High Quantum Yield for Targeted Theranostic. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16459. [PMID: 30405190 PMCID: PMC6220276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study shows the thorough investigations on optical properties and hydrodynamic diameters of glutathione (GSH) stabilized nanosilver clusters (AgNC) at different stages of synthesis and engineering for the optimized absolute quantum yield to generate fluorescent images of Dalton Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) tumour bearing mice. The initial increment of quantum yield was wavelength dependent and finally it became 0.509 which was due to the camouflaging or entrapment of AgNC in macrophages membranes. The potentiality of macrophages membrane camouflaged silver nanoclusters (AgM) was reflected in the cell viability assay and confocal based live dead cell assay where the AgM has better cell killing effect compared to AgNC with reduced dosage and in vivo mice imaging generated the clear visualization at the tumour sites. Therefore, from the present study, it can be considered that the camouflaged nanosilver can be used for targeted theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India.
| | - Wafic Yassine
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Palani Sharmiladevi
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Viswanathan Haribabu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Koyeli Girigoswami
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
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Akhtar N, Metkar SK, Girigoswami A, Girigoswami K. ZnO nanoflower based sensitive nano-biosensor for amyloid detection. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:960-968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Metkar SK, Girigoswami A, Murugesan R, Girigoswami K. Lumbrokinase for degradation and reduction of amyloid fibrils associated with amyloidosis. J Appl Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Metkar SK, Girigoswami A, Murugesan R, Girigoswami K. In vitro and in vivo insulin amyloid degradation mediated by Serratiopeptidase. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:728-735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lee JS, Ryu J, Park CB. High-Throughput Analysis of Alzheimer’s β-Amyloid Aggregation Using a Microfluidic Self-Assembly of Monomersf. Anal Chem 2009; 81:2751-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802701z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok Lee
- Institute for the BioCentury and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungki Ryu
- Institute for the BioCentury and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Institute for the BioCentury and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Kazmierczak A, Strosznajder JB, Adamczyk A. alpha-Synuclein enhances secretion and toxicity of amyloid beta peptides in PC12 cells. Neurochem Int 2008; 53:263-9. [PMID: 18804502 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
alpha-Synuclein is the fundamental component of Lewy bodies which occur in the brain of 60% of sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease patients. Moreover, a proteolytic fragment of alpha-synuclein, the so-called non-amyloid component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid, was found to be an integral part of Alzheimer's dementia related plaques. However, the role of alpha-synuclein in pathomechanism of Alzheimer's disease remains elusive. In particular, the relationship between alpha-synuclein and amyloid beta is unknown. In the present study we showed the involvement of alpha-synuclein in amyloid beta secretion and in the mechanism of amyloid beta evoked mitochondria dysfunction and cell death. Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells transfected with amyloid beta precursor protein bearing Swedish double mutation (APPsw) and control PC12 cells transfected with empty vector were used in this study. alpha-Synuclein (10microM) was found to increase by twofold amyloid beta secretion from control and APPsw PC12 cells. Moreover, alpha-synuclein decreased the viability of PC12 cells by about 50% and potentiated amyloid beta toxicity leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-dependent programmed cell death. Inhibitor of caspase-3 (Z-DEVD-FMK, 100microM), and a mitochondrial permeability transition pore blocker, cyclosporine A (2microM) protected PC12 cells against alpha-synuclein or amyloid beta evoked cell death. In contrast Z-DEVD-FMK and cyclosporine A were ineffective in APPsw cells containing elevated amount of amyloid beta treated with alpha-synuclein. It was found that the inhibition of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase reversed the toxic effect of alpha-synuclein in control but not in APPsw cells. Our results indicate that alpha-synuclein enhances the release and toxicity of amyloid beta leading to nitric oxide mediated irreversible mitochondria dysfunction and caspase-dependent programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kazmierczak
- Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Cellular Signaling, Pawińskiego 5 str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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