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Bedi P, Davidson DJ, McHugh BJ, Rossi AG, Hill AT. Blood Neutrophils Are Reprogrammed in Bronchiectasis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:880-890. [PMID: 29733693 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2423oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Excessive neutrophilic airway inflammation is the central feature of bronchiectasis, but little is known about neutrophils in bronchiectasis. OBJECTIVES To assess blood neutrophil phenotype in patients with bronchiectasis while stable and during exacerbations. METHODS In the clinically stable arm of this study, there were eight healthy volunteers, eight patients with mild bronchiectasis, and eight patients with severe bronchiectasis. In addition, six patients with severe bronchiectasis were compared with six patients with community-acquired pneumonia at the start and end of an exacerbation. We assessed neutrophils for spontaneous apoptosis, cell surface marker expression, degranulation, reactive oxygen species generation, phagocytosis, and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). In addition, blood neutrophil function was compared with airway neutrophil function in bronchiectasis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In stable bronchiectasis, compared with healthy volunteers, blood neutrophils had significantly prolonged viability, delayed apoptosis, increased CD62L shedding, upregulated CD11b expression, increased myeloperoxidase release, and impaired neutrophil phagocytosis and killing of PAO1. Bronchiectatic airway neutrophils had significantly lower bacterial phagocytosis and killing than their matched autologous blood neutrophils. Both blood and airway neutrophil phagocytosis and killing were impaired at the start of an exacerbation and improved following antibiotic treatment. In pneumonia, there was a significant improvement in phagocytosis and killing after treatment with antibiotics. During infections, there was no difference in phagocytosis, but there was significantly increased bacterial killing at the start and end of infection in pneumonia compared with bronchiectasis exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS In bronchiectasis stable state, peripheral blood neutrophils are reprogrammed and have prolonged survival. This impairs their functional ability of bacterial phagocytosis and killing, thereby perpetuating the vicious circle in bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Bedi
- 1 MRC Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Donald J Davidson
- 1 MRC Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Brian J McHugh
- 1 MRC Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- 1 MRC Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Adam T Hill
- 1 MRC Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and.,2 Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Katzenmeyer KN, Szott LM, Bryers JD. Artificial opsonin enhances bacterial phagocytosis, oxidative burst and chemokine production by human neutrophils. Pathog Dis 2018; 75:3934653. [PMID: 28859309 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the application of an 'artificial opsonin' to stimulate the innate immune response against Gram-positive bacteria. The artificial opsonin comprises a poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) backbone displaying multiple copies of vancomycin and human IgG-Fc. The vancomycin targets bacteria by recognizing d-Ala-d-Ala-terminated peptides present in the bacterial cell wall. The human IgG-Fc antibody fragments serve as phagocyte recognition moieties that recognize the Fcγ cell surface receptors expressed by professional human phagocytes. Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A, a biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant strain, was utilized to investigate the effects of opsonization on phagocytosis, oxidative burst and IL-8 chemokine production by human neutrophils. Results show that opsonization of S. epidermidis RP62A with the artificial opsonin resulted in an ∼2-fold increase in neutrophil phagocytosis. Analysis of the cell supernatant found a 2- to 3-fold increase in neutrophil IL-8 secretion. The neutrophil oxidative burst was investigated using the oxidation-sensitive fluorophore dihydrorhodamine-123. Bacterial opsonization resulted in a 20% increase in fluorescence intensity, indicating a significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species by the neutrophils. These studies suggest that artificial opsonins may be a novel immunostimulation therapeutic strategy to control infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, particularly those that are known to be immune evasive and/or antibiotic resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy N Katzenmeyer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Luisa M Szott
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James D Bryers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Paka GD, Ramassamy C. Optimization of Curcumin-Loaded PEG-PLGA Nanoparticles by GSH Functionalization: Investigation of the Internalization Pathway in Neuronal Cells. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:93-106. [PMID: 27744707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
One major challenge in the field of nanotherapeutics is to increase the selective delivery of cargo to targeted cells. Using polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), we recently highlighted the importance of polymer composition in the biological fate of the nanodrug delivery systems. However, the route of internalization of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) is another key component to consider in the elaboration of modern and targeted devices. For that purpose, herein, we effectively synthesized and characterized glutathione-functionalized PLGA-nanoparticles (GSH-NPs) loaded with curcumin (GSH-NPs-Cur), using thiol-maleimide click reaction and determined their physicochemical properties. We found that GSH functionalization did not affect the drug loading efficiency (DLE), the size, the polydispersity index (PDI), the zeta potential, the release profile, and the stability of the formulation. While being nontoxic, the presence of GSH on the surface of the formulations exhibits a better neuroprotective property against acrolein. The neuronal internalization of GSH-NPs-Cur was higher than free curcumin. In order to track the intracellular localization of the formulations, we used a covalently attached rhodamine (PLGA-Rhod), into our GSH-functionalized matrix. We found that GSH-functionalized matrix could easily be taken up by neuronal cells. Furthermore, we found that GSH conjugation modifies the route of internalization enabling them to escape the uptake through macropinocytosis and therefore avoiding the lysosomal degradation. Taken together, GSH functionalization increases the uptake of formulations and modifies the route of internalization toward a safer pathway. This study shows that the choice of ideal ligand to develop NPs-targeting devices is a crucial step when designing innovative strategy for neuronal cells delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain Djiokeng Paka
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier , Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.,Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Laval University , Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand Frappier , Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.,Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Laval University , Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Booth JL, Duggan ES, Patel VI, Langer M, Wu W, Braun A, Coggeshall KM, Metcalf JP. Bacillus anthracis spore movement does not require a carrier cell and is not affected by lethal toxin in human lung models. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:615-626. [PMID: 27320392 PMCID: PMC5534360 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The lung is the entry site for Bacillus anthracis in inhalation anthrax, the most deadly form of the disease. Spores escape from the alveolus to regional lymph nodes, germinate and enter the circulatory system to cause disease. The roles of carrier cells and the effects of B. anthracis toxins in this process are unclear. We used a human lung organ culture model to measure spore uptake by antigen presenting cells (APC) and alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), spore partitioning between these cells, and the effects of B. anthracis lethal toxin and protective antigen. We repeated the study in a human A549 alveolar epithelial cell model. Most spores remained unassociated with cells, but the majority of cell-associated spores were in AEC, not in APC. Spore movement was not dependent on internalization, although the location of internalized spores changed in both cell types. Spores also internalized in a non-uniform pattern. Toxins affected neither transit of the spores nor the partitioning of spores into AEC and APC. Our results support a model of spore escape from the alveolus that involves spore clustering with transient passage through intact AEC. However, subsequent transport of spores by APC from the lung to the lymph nodes may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leland Booth
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Elizabeth S Duggan
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Vineet I Patel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Marybeth Langer
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - K Mark Coggeshall
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Jordan P Metcalf
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Chen S, Ren H, Mei Z, Zhuo H, Yang H, Ge Z. Exploring the Biocompatibility of Zwitterionic Copolymers for Controlling Macrophage Phagocytosis of Bacteria. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1714-1722. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Chen
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Huanhuan Ren
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zhankui Mei
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Haitao Zhuo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Haipeng Yang
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Zaochuan Ge
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology; Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
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Chiang WL, Lin TT, Sureshbabu R, Chia WT, Hsiao HC, Liu HY, Yang CM, Sung HW. A rapid drug release system with a NIR light-activated molecular switch for dual-modality photothermal/antibiotic treatments of subcutaneous abscesses. J Control Release 2015; 199:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Babu RS A, Ogle O. Tissue response: biomaterials, dental implants, and compromised osseous tissue. Dent Clin North Am 2015; 59:305-15. [PMID: 25835795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tissue response represents an important feature in biocompatibility in implant procedures. This review article highlights the fundamental characteristics of tissue response after the implant procedure. This article also highlights the tissue response in compromised osseous conditions. Understanding the histologic events after dental implants in normal and abnormal bone reinforces the concept of case selection in dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Babu RS
- Dentistry Programme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
| | - Orrett Ogle
- Dentistry Programme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies
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Phagocytosis of neonatal pathogens by peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes from newborn preterm and term infants. Pediatr Res 2013; 74:503-10. [PMID: 23999070 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiencies in phagocytosis may contribute to the increased susceptibility of infants to early life infections. Data on phagocytosis of the major neonatal pathogens Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), and Escherichia coli (EC) by preterm infant leukocytes are inconsistent. METHODS Cord and <24-h peripheral blood were collected from very preterm (<30.1 wks gestational age (GA)) and term (37-42 wks GA) infants. Monocyte and neutrophil phagocytosis of pHrodo-labeled SE, SA, and EC were analyzed using a small-volume flow cytometry assay, with simultaneous characterization of surface activation marker expression. RESULTS Preterm infants had lower proportions of monocytes and neutrophils capable of phagocytosis than term infants, but preterm infant phagocytes had higher phagocytic capacity. Phagocytosis was strongly correlated between cord and <24-h peripheral blood. Supplementation with exogenous complement significantly increased phagocytosis of EC but not of SE or SA. Monocyte human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression was lower in preterm infants but did not correlate with phagocytosis. CONCLUSION There is no defect in phagocytosis by monocytes and neutrophils from preterm compared with term infants, although preterm infants possess fewer phagocytes, possibly contributing to susceptibility to bacterial infection. Further investigation into the development of postnatal phagocytic competence is warranted.
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Gautam S, Gniadek TJ, Kim T, Spiegel DA. Exterior design: strategies for redecorating the bacterial surface with small molecules. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:258-67. [PMID: 23490213 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant techniques for expressing heterologous proteins and sugars on the surface of bacteria have been known since the 1980s, and have proven useful in a variety of settings from biocatalysis to vaccinology. The past decade has also seen the emergence of novel methods that allow modification of bacterial surfaces with small non-biological compounds. Such technologies enable researchers to harness the unique properties of synthetic materials on a live bacterial platform, opening the door to an exciting new set of applications. Here we review strategies for bacterial surface display and describe how they have been applied thus far. We believe that chemical surface display holds great potential for advancing research in basic bacteriology and applied fields of biotechnology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Gautam
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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