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Perdreau E, Jalal Z, Walton RD, Sigler M, Cochet H, Naulin J, Quesson B, Bernus O, Thambo JB. Assessment of Nit-Occlud atrial septal defect occluder device healing process using micro-computed tomography imaging. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284471. [PMID: 37093832 PMCID: PMC10124873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
After percutaneous implantation of a cardiac occluder, a complex healing process leads to the device coverage within several months. An incomplete device coverage increases the risk of device related complications such as thrombosis or endocarditis. We aimed to assess the device coverage process of atrial septal defect (ASD) occluders in a chronic sheep model using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). After percutaneous creation of an ASD, 8 ewes were implanted with a 16-mm Nit-Occlud ASD-R occluder (PFM medical, Cologne, Germany) and were followed for 1 month (N = 3) and 3 months (N = 5). After heart explant, the device coverage was assessed using micro-CT (resolution of 41.7 μm) and was compared to histological analysis. The micro-CT image reconstruction was performed in 2D and 3D allowing measurement of the coverage thickness and surface for each device. Macroscopic assessment of devices showed that the coverage was complete for the left-side disk in all cases. Yet incomplete coverage of the right-side disk was observed in 5 of the 8 cases. 2D and 3D micro-CT analysis allowed an accurate evaluation of device coverage of each disk and was overall well correlated to histology sections. Surface calculation from micro-CT images of the 8 cases showed that the median surface of coverage was 93±8% for the left-side disk and 55±31% for the right-side disk. The assessment of tissue reactions, including endothelialisation, after implantation of an ASD occluder can rely on in vitro micro-CT analysis. The translation to clinical practice is challenging but the potential for individual follow-up is shown, to avoid thrombotic or infective complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Perdreau
- Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- U1045, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- U1045, INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Zakaria Jalal
- Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- U1045, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- U1045, INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Richard D Walton
- Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- U1045, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- U1045, INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthias Sigler
- Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Georg-August University Hospital, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Cochet
- Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- U1045, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- U1045, INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Cardiothoracic Pole, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Jérôme Naulin
- Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- U1045, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- U1045, INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Quesson
- Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- U1045, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- U1045, INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Bernus
- Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- U1045, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- U1045, INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Thambo
- Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- U1045, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- U1045, INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Congenital and Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France
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Cheng M, Liu W, Zhang J, Zhang S, Guo Z, Liu L, Tian J, Zhang X, Cheng J, Liu Y, Deng G, Gao G, Sun L. Regulatory considerations for animal studies of biomaterial products. Bioact Mater 2021; 11:52-56. [PMID: 34938912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies play a vital role in validating the concept, feasibility, safety, performance and efficacy of biomaterials products during their bench-to-clinic translation. This article aims to share regulatory considerations for animal studies of biomaterial products. After briefly emphasizing the importance of animal studies, issues of animal studies during biomaterial products' translation are discussed. Animal studies with unclear purposes, flawed design and poor reporting quality could significantly reduce the translation efficiency and create regulatory challenges. Regulatory perspectives on the purpose, principle, quality and regulatory science of animal studies are also presented. Animal studies should have clear purposes, follow principles of 3R+DQ (replacement, reduction, refinement, design and quality) and execute under an efficiently operating quality management system. With the advancement of regulatory science, National Medical Products Administration of China has been developing a series of standards and guidance documents on animal studies of medical devices. Case studies of making decisions on whether to conduct animal studies are provided in the end with drug-eluting stents as examples. In summary, animal studies of biomaterial products should pay close attention to the rationale, design and quality in order to achieve their purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maobo Cheng
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhaojun Guo
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhang
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guobiao Gao
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
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Jin C, Zhao L, Wu Z, Li B, Liu R, He H, Wang L, Wang W. Comparison on the properties of bovine pericardium and porcine pericardium used as leaflet materials of transcatheter heart valve. Artif Organs 2021; 46:427-438. [PMID: 34545589 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to obtain the smaller delivery diameter, porcine pericardium had been used as a substitute material of bovine pericardium for the leaflet materials of transcatheter heart valve (THV). However, the differences between them had not been fully studied. Therefore, this study compared the microstructure, biochemical and mechanical properties of two materials and hydrodynamics of THV made by the two materials in detail. METHODS In this study, firstly, the microstructure of pericardium was analyzed by staining and scanning electron microscope; secondly, the biochemical properties of pericardium after different processes were compared by heat shrinkage temperature test, free amino and carboxyl concentration test, enzyme degradation test, subcutaneous implantation calcification analysis in rats; finally, the mechanical properties were evaluated by uniaxial tensile test before and after the pericardium being crimped, and then, the hydrodynamics of THV was studied according to the ISO5840 standard. RESULTS Compared with bovine pericardium, after the same process, porcine pericardium showed a looser and tinier fiber bundle, a similar free carboxyl concentration, a lower resistance to enzyme degradation, a significantly lower calcification, bearing capacity and damage after being crimped, a better hydrodynamic and adaption with lower cardiac output and deformation of implantation position. Meanwhile the dehydration process of pericardium almost had preserved all the biochemical advantages of two materials. CONCLUSION In this study, porcine and bovine pericardium showed some significant differences in biochemical, mechanical properties and hydrodynamics. According to the results, it was presumed that the thinner porcine pericardium might be more suitable for THV of right heart system. Meanwhile, more attention should be taken for the calcification of THV made by the bovine pericardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jin
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation & Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation & Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zebin Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation & Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghui Liu
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation & Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping He
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation & Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Innovation & Research Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Vasanthan V, Fatehi Hassanabad A, Pattar S, Niklewski P, Wagner K, Fedak PWM. Promoting Cardiac Regeneration and Repair Using Acellular Biomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:291. [PMID: 32363184 PMCID: PMC7180212 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a common cause of end-stage heart failure and has persisted as one of the main causes of end stage heart failure requiring transplantation. Maladaptive myocardial remodeling due to ischemic injury involves multiple cell types and physiologic mechanisms. Pathogenic post-infarct remodeling involves collagen deposition, chamber dilatation and ventricular dysfunction. There have been significant improvements in medication and revascularization strategies. However, despite medical optimization and opportunities to restore blood flow, physicians lack therapies that directly access and manipulate the heart to promote healthy post-infarct myocardial remodeling. Strategies are now arising that use bioactive materials to promote cardiac regeneration by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting cardiac fibrosis; and many of these strategies leverage the unique advantage of cardiac surgery to directly visualize and manipulate the heart. Although cellular-based strategies are emerging, multiple barriers exist for clinical translation. Acellular materials have also demonstrated preclinical therapeutic potential to promote angiogenesis and attenuate fibrosis and may be able to surmount these translational barriers. Within this review we outline various acellular biomaterials and we define epicardial infarct repair and intramyocardial injection, which focus on administering bioactive materials to the cardiac epicardium and myocardium respectively to promote cardiac regeneration. In conjunction with optimized medical therapy and revascularization, these techniques show promise to upregulate pathways of cardiac regeneration to preserve heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Vasanthan
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Simranjit Pattar
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Niklewski
- MDP Solutions, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Health Economics and Clinical Outcomes Research, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Karl Wagner
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul W. M. Fedak
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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In search of the best xenogeneic material for a paediatric conduit: an experimental study†. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2018; 26:738-744. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Halfwerk FR, Rouwkema J, Gossen JA, Grandjean JG. Supercritical carbon dioxide decellularised pericardium: Mechanical and structural characterisation for applications in cardio-thoracic surgery. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 77:400-407. [PMID: 29020662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many biomaterials are used in cardio-thoracic surgery with good short-term results. However, calcification, dehiscence, and formation of scar tissue are reported. The aim of this research is to characterise decellularised pericardium after supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) processing as an alternative biological material for uses in cardio-thoracic surgery. METHODS Porcine and bovine pericardium were decellularised using scCO2. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness and suture retention strength were determined. Ultrastructure was visualised using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Water uptake and swelling was experimentally determined. Commercially available glutaraldehyde treated bovine pericardium was used as gold standard for comparison. RESULTS scCO2 decellularised porcine (and bovine pericardium) maintained their tensile strength compared to untreated native pericardium (13.3 ± 2.4MPa vs 14.0 ± 4.1MPa, p = 0.73). Tensile strength of glutaraldehyde treated pericardium was significantly higher compared to untreated pericardium (19.4 ± 7.3MPa vs 10.2 ± 2.2MPa, p = 0.02). Suture retention strength of scCO2 treated pericardium was significantly higher than glutaraldehyde treated pericardium (p = 0.01). We found no anisotropy of scCO2 or glutaraldehyde treated pericardium based on a trouser tear test. Ultrastructure was uncompromised in scCO2 treated pericardium, while glutaraldehyde treated pericardium showed deterioration of extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION scCO2 processing preserves initial mechanical and structural properties of porcine and bovine pericardium, while glutaraldehyde processing damages the extracellular matrix of bovine pericardium. Decellularisation of tissue using scCO2 might give long-term solutions for cardio-thoracic surgery without compromising initial good mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Halfwerk
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxcentrum Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, PO Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Gossen
- European Medical Contract Manufacturing, 6545 CH Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G Grandjean
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxcentrum Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, PO Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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López-Cebral R, Civantos A, Ramos V, Seijo B, López-Lacomba JL, Sanz-Casado JV, Sanchez A. Gellan gum based physical hydrogels incorporating highly valuable endogen molecules and associating BMP-2 as bone formation platforms. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 167:345-355. [PMID: 28433171 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Physical hydrogels have been designed for a double purpose: as growth factor delivery systems and as scaffolds to support cell colonization and formation of new bone. Specifically, the polysaccharide gellan gum and the ubiquitous endogenous molecules chondroitin, albumin and spermidine have been used as exclusive components of these hydrogels. The mild ionotropic gelation technique was used to preserve the bioactivity of the selected growth factor, rhBMP-2. In vitro tests demonstrated the effective delivery of rhBMP-2 in its bioactive form. In vivo experiments performed in the muscle tissue of Wistar rats provided a proof of concept of the ability of the developed platforms to elicit new bone formation. Furthermore, this biological effect was better than that of a commercial formulation currently used for regenerative purposes, confirming the potential of these hydrogels as new and innovative growth factor delivery platforms and scaffolds for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita López-Cebral
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Civantos
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Ramos
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Seijo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Genetics and Biology of the Development of Kidney Diseases Unit, Sanitary Research Institute (IDIS) of the University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Travesía da Choupana, s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Lacomba
- Institute of Biofunctional Studies, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Genetics and Biology of the Development of Kidney Diseases Unit, Sanitary Research Institute (IDIS) of the University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Travesía da Choupana, s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Association of Titanium Mesh and Bovine Pericardium Membrane in the Treatment of Severe Enophthalmos. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 26:e603-5. [PMID: 26468837 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The blowout fractures may be classified as pure or impure depending on the associated structures. There are 2 main theories attempting to describe the mechanism of injury, the hydraulic, and blocking mechanism. The complications of this type of fracture may involve diplopia, enophthalmos, and ocular movement restriction. Several materials are available for the reconstruction of orbital floor, including the titanium mesh, which present great properties, such as easy modeling and stabilization, small thickness, and shape maintenance. There, however, are disadvantages such as the possibility of adherence formation. The aim of this report is to describe the case of a patient with an 8-month blowout fracture sequel, presenting extensive enophthalmos and treated by affixing a titanium mesh associated with bovine pericardium membrane in the orbital floor. Therefore, based on a 2-year follow-up, it was possible to observe how effective the association between these 2 materials in solving the case was.
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Koch H, Hammer N, Ossmann S, Schierle K, Sack U, Hofmann J, Wecks M, Boldt A. Tissue Engineering of Ureteral Grafts: Preparation of Biocompatible Crosslinked Ureteral Scaffolds of Porcine Origin. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:89. [PMID: 26157796 PMCID: PMC4477215 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The surgical reconstruction of ureteric defects is often associated with post-operative complications and requires additional medical care. Decellularized ureters originating from porcine donors could represent an alternative therapy. Our aim was to investigate the possibility of manufacturing decellularized ureters, the characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the biocompatibility of these grafts in vitro/in vivo after treatment with different crosslinking agents. To achieve these goals, native ureters were obtained from pigs and were decellularized. The success of decellularization and the ECM composition were characterized by (immuno)histological staining methods and a DNA-assay. In vitro: scaffolds were crosslinked either with carbodiimide (CDI), genipin (GP), glutaraldehyde, left chemically untreated or were lyophilized. Scaffolds in each group were reseeded with Caco2, LS48, 3T3 cells, or native rat smooth muscle cells (SMC). After 2 weeks, the number of ingrown cells was quantified. In vivo: crosslinked scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously into rats and the type of infiltrating cells were determined after 1, 9, and 30 days. After decellularization, scaffold morphology and composition of ECM were maintained, all cellular components were removed, DNA destroyed and strongly reduced. In vitro: GP and CDI scaffolds revealed a higher number of ingrown 3T3 and SMC cells as compared to untreated scaffolds. In vivo: at day 30, implants were predominantly infiltrated by fibroblasts and M2 anti-inflammatory macrophages. A maximum of MMP3 was observed in the CDI group at day 30. TIMP1 was below the detection limit. In this study, we demonstrated the potential of decellularization to create biocompatible porcine ureteric grafts, whereas a CDI-crosslink may facilitate the remodeling process. The use of decellularized ureteric grafts may represent a novel therapeutic method in reconstruction of ureteric defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Koch
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Niels Hammer
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Susann Ossmann
- Heart Center, Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Katrin Schierle
- Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Institut für Nichtklassische Chemie e. V. , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Mike Wecks
- Institut für Nichtklassische Chemie e. V. , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
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