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Qu W, Wu X, Wu W, Wang Y, Sun Y, Deng L, Walker M, Chen C, Dai H, Han Q, Ding Y, Xia Y, Smith G, Li R, Liu NK, Xu XM. Chondroitinase ABC combined with Schwann cell transplantation enhances restoration of neural connection and functional recovery following acute and chronic spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1467-1482. [PMID: 39075913 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202505000-00029/figure1/v/2024-07-28T173839Z/r/image-tiff Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties. A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury. A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity, and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar, thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal cord. Here we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. We report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders, Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal directions. Such Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth, including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions, and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder functions. Importantly, the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury, even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord injury. These findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Qu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiangbing Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lingxiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa Walker
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heqiao Dai
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Qi Han
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yongzhi Xia
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - George Smith
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Nai-Kui Liu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Arriero-Cabañero A, García-Vences E, Sánchez-Torres S, Aristizabal-Hernandez S, García-Rama C, Pérez-Rizo E, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Grijalva I, Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Doncel-Pérez E, Mey J. Transplantation of Predegenerated Peripheral Nerves after Complete Spinal Cord Transection in Rats: Effect of Neural Precursor Cells and Pharmacological Treatment with the Sulfoglycolipid Tol-51. Cells 2024; 13:1324. [PMID: 39195214 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Following spinal cord injury (SCI), the regenerative capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) is severely limited by the failure of axonal regeneration. The regeneration of CNS axons has been shown to occur by grafting predegenerated peripheral nerves (PPNs) and to be promoted by the transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs). The introduction of a combinatorial treatment of PPNs and NPCs after SCI has to address the additional problem of glial scar formation, which prevents regenerating axons from leaving the implant and making functional connections. Previously, we discovered that the synthetic sulfoglycolipid Tol-51 inhibits astrogliosis. The objective was to evaluate axonal regeneration and locomotor function improvement after SCI in rats treated with a combination of PPN, NPC, and Tol-51. One month after SCI, the scar tissue was removed and replaced with segments of PPN or PPN+Tol-51; PPN+NPC+Tol-51. The transplantation of a PPN segment favors regenerative axonal growth; in combination with Tol-51 and NPC, 30% of the labeled descending corticospinal axons were able to grow through the PPN and penetrate the caudal spinal cord. The animals treated with PPN showed significantly better motor function. Our data demonstrate that PPN implants plus NPC and Tol-51 allow successful axonal regeneration in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa García-Vences
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
- Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados en Sanidad, Ciudad de Méxcio 11200, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Sánchez-Torres
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | | | - Concepción García-Rama
- Laboratorio de Regeneración Neural, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Rizo
- Unidad de Ingeniería y Evaluación Motora del Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Israel Grijalva
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | | | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Regeneración Neural, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jörg Mey
- Laboratorio de Regeneración Neural, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Liao S, Chen Y, Luo Y, Zhang M, Min J. The phenotypic changes of Schwann cells promote the functional repair of nerve injury. Neuropeptides 2024; 106:102438. [PMID: 38749170 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Functional recovery after nerve injury is a significant challenge due to the complex nature of nerve injury repair and the non-regeneration of neurons. Schwann cells (SCs), play a crucial role in the nerve injury repair process because of their high plasticity, secretion, and migration abilities. Upon nerve injury, SCs undergo a phenotypic change and redifferentiate into a repair phenotype, which helps in healing by recruiting phagocytes, removing myelin fragments, promoting axon regeneration, and facilitating myelin formation. However, the repair phenotype can be unstable, limiting the effectiveness of the repair. Recent research has found that transplantation of SCs can be an effective treatment option, therefore, it is essential to comprehend the phenotypic changes of SCs and clarify the related mechanisms to develop the transplantation therapy further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Liao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Yin Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Jun Min
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China.
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Agarwal G, Shumard S, McCrary MW, Osborne O, Santiago JM, Ausec B, Schmidt CE. Decellularized porcine peripheral nerve based injectable hydrogels as a Schwann cell carrier for injured spinal cord regeneration. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:046002. [PMID: 38885674 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective.To develop a clinically relevant injectable hydrogel derived from decellularized porcine peripheral nerves and with mechanical properties comparable to native central nervous system (CNS) tissue to be used as a delivery vehicle for Schwann cell transplantation to treat spinal cord injury (SCI).Approach.Porcine peripheral nerves (sciatic and peroneal) were decellularized by chemical decellularization using a sodium deoxycholate and DNase (SDD) method previously developed by our group. The decellularized nerves were delipidated using dichloromethane and ethanol solvent and then digested using pepsin enzyme to form injectable hydrogel formulations. Genipin was used as a crosslinker to enhance mechanical properties. The injectability, mechanical properties, and gelation kinetics of the hydrogels were further analyzed using rheology. Schwann cells encapsulated within the injectable hydrogel formulations were passed through a 25-gauge needle and cell viability was assessed using live/dead staining. The ability of the hydrogel to maintain Schwann cell viability against an inflammatory milieu was assessedin vitrousing inflamed astrocytes co-cultured with Schwann cells.Mainresults. The SDD method effectively removes cells and retains extracellular matrix in decellularized tissues. Using rheological studies, we found that delipidation of decellularized porcine peripheral nerves using dichloromethane and ethanol solvent improves gelation kinetics and mechanical strength of hydrogels. The delipidated and decellularized hydrogels crosslinked using genipin mimicked the mechanical strength of CNS tissue. The hydrogels were found to have shear thinning properties desirable for injectable formulations and they also maintained higher Schwann cell viability during injection compared to saline controls. Usingin vitroco-culture experiments, we found that the genipin-crosslinked hydrogels also protected Schwann cells from astrocyte-mediated inflammation.Significance. Injectable hydrogels developed using delipidated and decellularized porcine peripheral nerves are a potential clinically relevant solution to deliver Schwann cells, and possibly other therapeutic cells, at the SCI site by maintaining higher cellular viability and increasing therapeutic efficacy for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Agarwal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Samantha Shumard
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Michaela W McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Olivia Osborne
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Jorge Mojica Santiago
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Breanna Ausec
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Liu S. Biomaterials targeting the microenvironment for spinal cord injury repair: progression and perspectives. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1362494. [PMID: 38784712 PMCID: PMC11111957 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1362494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts nerve pathways and affects sensory, motor, and autonomic function. There is currently no effective treatment for SCI. SCI occurs within three temporal periods: acute, subacute, and chronic. In each period there are different alterations in the cells, inflammatory factors, and signaling pathways within the spinal cord. Many biomaterials have been investigated in the treatment of SCI, including hydrogels and fiber scaffolds, and some progress has been made in the treatment of SCI using multiple materials. However, there are limitations when using individual biomaterials in SCI treatment, and these limitations can be significantly improved by combining treatments with stem cells. In order to better understand SCI and to investigate new strategies for its treatment, several combination therapies that include materials combined with cells, drugs, cytokines, etc. are summarized in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengwen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ortega JA, Soares de Aguiar GP, Chandravanshi P, Levy N, Engel E, Álvarez Z. Exploring the properties and potential of the neural extracellular matrix for next-generation regenerative therapies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1962. [PMID: 38723788 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and complex network of proteins and molecules that surrounds cells and tissues in the nervous system and orchestrates a myriad of biological functions. This review carefully examines the diverse interactions between cells and the ECM, as well as the transformative chemical and physical changes that the ECM undergoes during neural development, aging, and disease. These transformations play a pivotal role in shaping tissue morphogenesis and neural activity, thereby influencing the functionality of the central nervous system (CNS). In our comprehensive review, we describe the diverse behaviors of the CNS ECM in different physiological and pathological scenarios and explore the unique properties that make ECM-based strategies attractive for CNS repair and regeneration. Addressing the challenges of scalability, variability, and integration with host tissues, we review how advanced natural, synthetic, and combinatorial matrix approaches enhance biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and functional recovery. Overall, this review highlights the potential of decellularized ECM as a powerful tool for CNS modeling and regenerative purposes and sets the stage for future research in this exciting field. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alberto Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Gisele P Soares de Aguiar
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Palash Chandravanshi
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natacha Levy
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- IMEM-BRT Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zaida Álvarez
- Biomaterials for Neural Regeneration Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Wan J, Liu H, Li J, Zeng Y, Ren H, Hu Y. PEG-SH-GNPs-SAPNS@miR-29a delivery system promotes neural regeneration and recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2107-2123. [PMID: 37366285 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2230841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disease characterized by hemorrhage, edema, local ischemia and hypoxia, inflammatory reaction, and degeneration of the injured spinal cord, which lacks effective clinical treatments. We design a PEG-SH-GNPs-SAPNS@miR-29a delivery system to repair impaired spinal cord by building a regenerative microenvironment for the recruitment of endogenous neural stem cells. The miR-29a, as an axonal regeneration-related miRNA that overexpression of miR-29a significantly inhibits the expression of PTEN and promotes axonal regeneration of the injured spinal cord. The gold nanoparticles and self-assembling peptide hydrogel composite scaffold (PEG-SH-GNPs-SAPNS@miR-29a delivery system) applied to deliver miR-29a, which recruit endogenous neural stem cells simultaneously. Sustained release of miR-29a and recruitment of endogenous neural stem cells give rise to favorable axonal regeneration and recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury. These findings suggest that the PEG-SH-GNPs-SAPNS@miR-29a delivery system may be an alternative strategy for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-sun University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Disease, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Hanzhong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-sun University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiachun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-sun University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqing Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyong Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanqing Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-sun University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Wu S, Shen W, Ge X, Ao F, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Jia X, Mao Y, Luo Y. Advances in Large Gap Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair and Regeneration with Bridging Nerve Guidance Conduits. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300078. [PMID: 37235853 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a common complication of accidents and diseases. The traditional autologous nerve graft approach remains the gold standard for the treatment of nerve injuries. While sources of autologous nerve grafts are very limited and difficult to obtain. Nerve guidance conduits are widely used in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries as an alternative to nerve autografts and allografts. However, the development of nerve conduits does not meet the needs of large gap peripheral nerve injury. Functional nerve conduits can provide a good microenvironment for axon elongation and myelin regeneration. Herein, the manufacturing methods and different design types of functional bridging nerve conduits for nerve conduits combined with electrical or magnetic stimulation and loaded with Schwann cells, etc., are summarized. It summarizes the literature and finds that the technical solutions of functional nerve conduits with electrical stimulation, magnetic stimulation and nerve conduits combined with Schwann cells can be used as effective strategies for bridging large gap nerve injury and provide an effective way for the study of large gap nerve injury repair. In addition, functional nerve conduits provide a new way to construct delivery systems for drugs and growth factors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shen
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Ge
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Fen Ao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoni Jia
- Central Laboratory, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yueyang Mao
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yali Luo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
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9
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Jiang W, Zhang X, Yu S, Yan F, Chen J, Liu J, Dong C. Decellularized extracellular matrix in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114506. [PMID: 37597763 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Functional limitation caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) has the problem of significant clinical and economic burden. Damaged spinal axonal connections and an inhibitory environment severely hamper neuronal function. Regenerative biomaterials can fill the cavity and produce an optimal microenvironment at the site of SCI, inhibiting apoptosis, inflammation, and glial scar formation while promoting neurogenesis, axonal development, and angiogenesis. Decellularization aims to eliminate cells from the ultrastructure of tissues while keeping tissue-specific components that are similar to the structure of real tissues, making decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) a suitable scaffold for tissue engineering. dECM has good biocompatibility, it can be widely obtained from natural organs of different species, and can be co-cultured with cells for 3D printing to obtain the target scaffold. In this paper, we reviewed the pathophysiology of SCI, the characteristics of dECM and its preparation method, and the application of dECM in the treatment of SCI. Although dECM has shown its therapeutic effect at present, there are still many indicators that need to be taken into account, such as the difficulty in obtaining materials and standardized production mode for large-scale use, the effect of decellularization on the physical and chemical properties of dECM, and the study on the synergistic effect of dECM and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fangsu Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chuanming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Hlavac N, Bousalis D, Pallack E, Li Y, Manousiouthakis E, Ahmad R, Schmidt CE. Injectable neural hydrogel as in vivo therapeutic delivery vehicle. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 9:424-430. [PMID: 38031558 PMCID: PMC10683944 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study demonstrated in vivo delivery of a decellularized, injectable peripheral nerve (iPN) hydrogel and explored options for using iPN in combination with regenerative biomolecular therapies like stem cell secretome. Methods Rat-derived iPN hydrogel solutions were combined with a dextran-dye before subcutaneous injection into adult Sprague Dawley rats. After injection, an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) was used to visualize hydrogels and quantify dextran-dye release over time. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) was used to encapsulate the dextran-dye to prolong molecular release from the hydrogel scaffolds. Lastly, we investigated use of adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) secretome as a potential future combination strategy with iPN. ASC secretome was assessed for growth factor levels in response to media stimulation and was encapsulated in PLGA to determine loading efficiency. Results Gelation of iPN hydrogels was successful upon subcutaneous injection. When combined with iPN, a 10 kDa dextran-dye was reduced to 54% its initial signal at 24 hours, while PLGA-encapsulated dextran-dye in iPN was only reduced to 78% by 24 hours. Modified media stimulation resulted in changes in ASC phenotype and dramatic upregulation of VEGF secretion. The PLGA encapsulation protocol was adapted for use with temperature sensitive biomolecules, however, considerations must be made with loading efficiency for cell secretome as the maximum efficiency was 28%. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated successful injection and subsequent gelation of our iPN hydrogel formulation in vivo. Biomolecular payloads can be encapsulated in PLGA to help prolong their release from the soft iPN hydrogels in future combination therapies. Lay Summary We developed an injectable decellularized tissue scaffold from rat peripheral nerve tissue (called iPN), a potential minimally invasive therapeutic meant to fill lesion spaces after injury. This study was the first demonstration of iPN delivery to a living animal. The iPN solution was injected subcutaneously in a rat and properly formed a gelled material upon entering the body. Our results showed that encapsulating biomolecules in an FDA-approved polymer (PLGA) slowed the release of biomolecules from the iPN, which could allow therapeutics more time around the scaffold to help repair native tissue. Lastly, we investigated one potential avenue for combining iPN with other regenerative cues obtained from adipose-derived stem cells. Description of Future Works Future work must focus on optimal loading conditions and release profiles from the iPN hydrogels. Next steps will be applying iPN in various combination therapies for spinal cord injury. We will focus efforts on developing a pro-regenerative secretome that directly promotes neurite extension and neural cell infiltration into iPN scaffolds upon transplantation in spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hlavac
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, US
| | - Deanna Bousalis
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, US
| | - Emily Pallack
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, US
| | - Yuan Li
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, US
| | | | - Raffae Ahmad
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, US
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11
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Feng F, Song X, Tan Z, Tu Y, Xiao L, Xie P, Ma Y, Sun X, Ma J, Rong L, He L. Cooperative assembly of a designer peptide and silk fibroin into hybrid nanofiber gels for neural regeneration after spinal cord injury. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg0234. [PMID: 37352345 PMCID: PMC10289662 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Local reconstruction of a permissive environment with biomaterials is a promising strategy to treat spinal cord injury (SCI). We reported a hybrid hydrogel fabricated from a small functional self-assembling peptide (F-SAP) and large silk fibroin (SF). The diffusion of SF micelles into F-SAP solution was driven by the dynamic synergy between osmotic pressure and F-SAP/SF electrostatic interactions, resulting in the rearrangement of SF micelles and the formation of rod-like filaments with axes nearly perpendicular to F-SAP nanofibers. Spectroscopy analysis, including circular dichroism, Raman and fluorescence, indicated conformation changes of SF from random coil to β sheet, which contributed to enhanced mechanical properties of the resultant hybrid hydrogel. Furthermore, the F-SAP/SF hybrid hydrogel coupled with controlled release of NT-3 provided a permissive environment for neural regeneration by providing nanofibrous substrates for regenerating axons, inflammatory modulation and remyelination, consequently resulting in improved locomotion and electrophysiological properties. This hydrogel could be used as a long-term stent in vivo for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiyong Song
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Zan Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yujie Tu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Longyou Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Pengfei Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yahao Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiumin Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Junwu Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Liumin He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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12
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Zhou X, Yu M, Chen D, Deng C, Zhang Q, Gu X, Ding F. Chitosan Nerve Grafts Incorporated with SKP-SC-EVs Induce Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:309-322. [PMID: 36877455 PMCID: PMC10070581 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repair of long-distance peripheral nerve defects remains an important clinical problem. Nerve grafts incorporated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) from various cell types have been developed to bridge peripheral nerve defects. In our previous research, EVs obtained from skin-derived precursor Schwann cells (SKP-SC-EVs) were demonstrated to promote neurite outgrowth in cultured cells and facilitate nerve regeneration in animal studies. METHODS To further assess the functions of SKP-SC-EVs in nerve repair, we incorporated SKP-SC-EVs and Matrigel into chitosan nerve conduits (EV-NG) for repairing a 15-mm long-distance sciatic nerve defect in a rat model. Behavioral analysis, electrophysiological recording, histological investigation, molecular analysis, and morphometric assessment were carried out. RESULTS The results revealed EV-NG significantly improved motor and sensory function recovery compared with nerve conduits (NG) without EVs incorporation. The outgrowth and myelination of regenerated axons were improved, while the atrophy of target muscles induced by denervation was alleviated after EVs addition. CONCLUSION Our data indicated SKP-SC-EVs incorporation into nerve grafts represents a promising method for extended peripheral nerve damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Zhou
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Daiyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Lin J, Chen J, Liang R, Zhang Q, Li J, Shi M, Li L, He X, Lan T, Hui X, Tan H. Biodegradable polyurethane-incorporating decellularized spinal cord matrix scaffolds enhance Schwann cell reprogramming to promote peripheral nerve repair. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2115-2128. [PMID: 36779440 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) nerve guide conduits (NGCs) are a promising strategy to replace autogenous nerve grafting for the treatment of peripheral nerve system (PNS) injury. However, dECM conduits with mechanical properties that match those of peripheral nerves are yet to be well developed. Herein, we developed polyurethane-based NGCs incorporating decellularized spinal cord (BWPU-DSC NGCs) to repair peripheral nerves. BWPU-DSC NGCs have an inner three-dimensional micro-nanostructure. The mechanical properties of BWPU-DSC NGCs were similar to those of polyurethane NGCs, which were proven to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. An in vitro study indicated that BWPU-DSC NGCs could boost the proliferation and growth of cell processes in Schwann and neuron-like cells. In a rat sciatic nerve transected injury model, BWPU-DSC NGCs exhibited a dramatic increase in nerve repair, similar to that obtained by the current gold standard autograft implantation at only 6 weeks post-implantation, whereas polyurethane NGCs still displayed incomplete nerve repair. Histological analysis revealed that BWPU-DSC NGCs could induce the reprogramming of Schwann cells to promote axon regeneration and remyelination. Moreover, reprogrammed Schwann cells together with BWPU-DSC NGCs had anti-inflammatory effects and altered the activation state of macrophages to M2 phenotypes to enhance PNS regeneration. In this study, we provided a strategy to prepare polyurethane-based dECM NGCs enriched with bioactive molecules to promote PNS regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Jinlin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Ruichao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Jiehua Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital affiliate to School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital affiliate to School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xueling He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China. .,Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences), Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital affiliate to School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Xuhui Hui
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
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14
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Jin B, Yu Y, Chen X, Yang Y, Xiong Y, Im YJ, Zhao Y, Xiao J. Microtubes with gradient decellularized porcine sciatic nerve matrix from microfluidics for sciatic nerve regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:511-519. [PMID: 36185737 PMCID: PMC9508151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-range peripheral nerve defect is a severe and worldwide disease. With the increasing development of tissue engineering, the excellent ability of nerve extracellular matrix (ECM) in peripheral nerve injury (PNI) has been widely studied and verified. Here, we present a novel microtube that contains gradient decellularized porcine sciatic nerve ECM hydrogel (pDScNM-gel) from microfluidics for sciatic nerve regeneration. The pDScNM is confirmed to enhance cell proliferation and migration, and improve the axon growth of primary dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) in a concentration-related manner. These behaviors were also achieved when cells were co-cultured in a gradient pDScNM microtube. The in vivo sciatic nerve regeneration and functional recovery were also demonstrated by assembling the gradient pDScNM microtubes with a medical silicon tube. These results indicated that the microtubes with gradient pDScNM could act as a promising alternative for repairing peripheral nerve defects and showed great potential in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Jin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunru Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Xiangxiang Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Yushan Xiong
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Young Jun Im
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
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15
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Liu S, Song L, Dai W, Liu M, Zhang H, Zhang X, Li H, Liu X, Lv Y, Hu Y. Worldwide productivity and research trend of publications concerning electroactive materials and spinal cord injury: A bibliometric study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1094059. [PMID: 36923456 PMCID: PMC10009169 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1094059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated the current state and trends in the area during the previous 10 years using bibliometric approaches to evaluate the global scientific output of research on electroactive materials and spinal cord injury. Methods: Studies on spinal cord injury in electroactive materials that were published between 2012 and 2022 were located using the Web of science (WOS) datebase. The software programs bibliometrix R-package and CiteSpace were used to do quantitative analyses of annual publications, nation, author, institution, journal source, co-cited references, and keywords. The studies were categorized by the research's main points using a qualitative analysis, and publications having more than 10 citations each year. Results: In the final analysis, 1,330 relevant papers or reviews were included. There is an increased tendency in both the average annual citation rate and the number of publications in the discipline. The United States and the University of Toronto are the countries and institutions that have contributed the most to this discipline, respectively. The majority of authors are from the China and United States. Zhang Y is the author with the most published articles and holds the top position in the cited author h-index species. The journal with the highest number of published articles is "Disability and rehabilitation"; the journal is divided into four main areas including physics, materials, chemistry, molecular, and biology. The keyword analysis revealed a shift in research hotspots from schwann cell, fracture, and urinary disorders to carbon-based materials, functional recovery, and surgery. Analysis of qualitative data revealed that the role and mechanism of injectable conductive hydrogels in spinal cord healing after damage is a hot topic of current study, with the mechanism primarily focusing on the inhibition of oxidative stress (Nrf2) and apoptosis (Casepase 3). Conclusion: Our bibliometric analysis indicates that research on electroactive materials for spinal cord injury remains an active field of study. Moreover, contemporary research is concentrated on carbon-based materials, functional rehabilitation, and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Liu
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Song
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Periodontology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weishu Dai
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdie Liu
- The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Periodontology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Chang J, Qian Z, Wang B, Cao J, Zhang S, Jiang F, Kong R, Yu X, Cao X, Yang L, Chen H. Transplantation of A2 type astrocytes promotes neural repair and remyelination after spinal cord injury. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:37. [PMID: 36797790 PMCID: PMC9936716 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited progress in terms of an effective treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) emphasizes the urgent need for novel therapies. As a vital central nervous system component, the resident astrocytes play crucial roles in regulating recovery after SCI. In this study, recovery after SCI was compared following the transplantation of either A1 or A2 astrocytes. A1 astrocytes are harmful as they upregulate the neurotoxic classical complement cascade genes. Conversely, A2 astrocytes are characterized as neuroprotective as they upregulate the production of many neurotrophic factors. METHODS We used different supernatant obtained from microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or interleukin-4 to generate A1 and A2 astrocytes. We detected the influence of astrocytes on neurons by co-culturing A1 and A2 astrocytes with neurons. We transplanted astrocytes into the lesion site of the spinal cord and assessed lesion progression, neural restoration, glia formation and locomotor recovery. RESULTS Astrocytes were polarized into A1 and A2 phenotypes following culture in the supernatant obtained from microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or interleukin-4, respectively. Furthermore, co-culturing A2 astrocytes with neurons significantly suppressed glutamate-induced neuronal apoptosis and promoted the degree of neuron arborization. Transplantation of these A2 astrocytes into the lesion site of the spinal cord of mice significantly improved motor function recovery, preserved spared supraspinal pathways, decreased glia scar deposition, and increased neurofilament formation at the site of injury compared to the transplantation of A1 astrocytes. Additionally, enhanced A2 astrocytes with potentially beneficial A2-like genes were also detected in the A2 group. Moreover, luxol fast blue staining and electron microscopy indicated increased preservation of myelin with organized structure after transplantation of A2 astrocytes than of A1 astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS A2 astrocyte transplantation could be a promising potential therapy for SCI. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhanyang Qian
- Spine Center, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renyi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Xue W, Shi W, Kuss M, Kong Y, Alimi OA, Wang H, DiMaio DJ, Yu C, Duan B. A Dual-network Nerve Adhesive with Enhanced Adhesion Strength Promotes Transected Peripheral Nerve Repair. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023; 33:2209971. [PMID: 36816838 PMCID: PMC9937437 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202209971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve transection has a high prevalence and results in functional loss of affected limbs. The current clinical treatment using suture anastomosis significantly limits nerve recovery due to severe inflammation, secondary damage, and fibrosis. Fibrin glue, a commercial nerve adhesive as an alternative, avoids secondary damage but suffers from poor adhesion strength. To address their limitations, a highly efficacious nerve adhesive based on dual-crosslinking of dopamine-isothiocyanate modified hyaluronic acid and decellularized nerve matrix is reported in this paper. This dual-network nerve adhesive (DNNA) shows controllable gelation behaviors feasible for surgical applications, robust adhesion strength, and promoted axonal outgrowth in vitro. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy is tested using a rat-based sciatic nerve transection model. The DNNA decreases fibrosis and accelerates axon/myelin debris clearance at 10 days post-surgery, compared to suture and commercial fibrin glue treatments. At 10 weeks post-surgery, the strong adhesion and bioactivity allow DNNA to significantly decrease intraneural inflammation and fibrosis, enhance axon connection and remyelination, aid motor and sensory function recovery, as well as improve muscle contraction, compared to suture and fibrin treatments. Overall, this dual-network hydrogel with robust adhesion provides a rapid and highly efficacious nerve transection treatment to facilitate nerve repair and neuromuscular function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Yunfan Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Olawale A Alimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Hanjun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Dominick J DiMaio
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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Feng C, Deng L, Yong YY, Wu JM, Qin DL, Yu L, Zhou XG, Wu AG. The Application of Biomaterials in Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:816. [PMID: 36614259 PMCID: PMC9821025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord and the brain form the central nervous system (CNS), which is the most important part of the body. However, spinal cord injury (SCI) caused by external forces is one of the most difficult types of neurological injury to treat, resulting in reduced or even absent motor, sensory and autonomic functions. It leads to the reduction or even disappearance of motor, sensory and self-organizing nerve functions. Currently, its incidence is increasing each year worldwide. Therefore, the development of treatments for SCI is urgently needed in the clinic. To date, surgery, drug therapy, stem cell transplantation, regenerative medicine, and rehabilitation therapy have been developed for the treatment of SCI. Among them, regenerative biomaterials that use tissue engineering and bioscaffolds to transport cells or drugs to the injured site are considered the most promising option. In this review, we briefly introduce SCI and its molecular mechanism and summarize the application of biomaterials in the repair and regeneration of tissue in various models of SCI. However, there is still limited evidence about the treatment of SCI with biomaterials in the clinic. Finally, this review will provide inspiration and direction for the future study and application of biomaterials in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Chaudhari LR, Kawale AA, Desai SS, Kashte SB, Joshi MG. Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Engineering Approach for Its Neuronal Regeneration: Current Status and Future Prospects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:51-81. [PMID: 36038807 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is a very debilitating condition causing loss of sensory and motor function as well as multiple organ failures. Current therapeutic options like surgery and pharmacotherapy show positive results but are incapable of providing a complete cure for chronic SCI symptoms. Tissue engineering, including neuroprotective or growth factors, stem cells, and biomaterial scaffolds, grabs attention because of their potential for regeneration and ability to bridge the gap in the injured spinal cord (SC). Preclinical studies with tissue engineering showed functional recovery and neurorestorative effects. Few clinical trials show the safety and efficacy of the tissue engineering approach. However, more studies should be carried out for potential treatment modalities. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology of SCI and its current treatment modalities, including surgical, pharmacological, and tissue engineering approaches following SCI in preclinical and clinical phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena R Chaudhari
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akshay A Kawale
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sangeeta S Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivaji B Kashte
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meghnad G Joshi
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
- Stem Plus Biotech, SMK Commercial Complex, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.
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20
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Hu T, Chang S, Qi F, Zhang Z, Chen J, Jiang L, Wang D, Deng C, Nie K, Xu G, Wei Z. Neural grafts containing exosomes derived from Schwann cell-like cells promote peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad013. [PMID: 37122841 PMCID: PMC10141455 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Schwann cell-like cells (SCLCs), differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells, have shown promising outcomes in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries in preclinical studies. However, certain clinical obstacles limit their application. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of exosomes derived from SCLCs (SCLCs-exo) in peripheral nerve regeneration. Methods SCLCs were differentiated from human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) in vitro and validated by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Exosomes derived from hAMSCs (hAMSCs-exo) and SCLCs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and validated by nanoparticle tracking analysis, WB analysis and electron microscopy. A prefabricated nerve graft was used to deliver hAMSCs-exo or SCLCs-exo in an injured sciatic nerve rat model. The effects of hAMSCs-exo or SCLCs-exo on rat peripheral nerve injury (PNI) regeneration were determined based on the recovery of neurological function and histomorphometric variation. The effects of hAMSCs-exo or SCLCs-exo on Schwann cells were also determined via cell proliferation and migration assessment. Results SCLCs significantly expressed the Schwann cell markers glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100. Compared to hAMSCs-exo, SCLCs-exo significantly enhanced motor function recovery, attenuated gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and facilitated axonal regrowth, myelin formation and angiogenesis in the rat model. Furthermore, hAMSCs-exo and SCLCs-exo were efficiently absorbed by Schwann cells. However, compared to hAMSCs-exo, SCLCs-exo significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells. SCLCs-exo also significantly upregulated the expression of a glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, myelin positive regulators (SRY-box transcription factor 10, early growth response protein 2 and organic cation/carnitine transporter 6) and myelin proteins (myelin basic protein and myelin protein zero) in Schwann cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that SCLCs-exo can more efficiently promote PNI regeneration than hAMSCs-exo and are a potentially novel therapeutic approach for treating PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fang Qi
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Jiayin Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Chengliang Deng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Kaiyu Nie
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi medical University, No. 6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | | | - Zairong Wei
- Correspondence. Guangchao Xu, ; Zairong Wei,
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Khosropanah MH, Majidi Zolbin M, Kajbafzadeh AM, Amani L, Harririan I, Azimzadeh A, Nejatian T, Alizadeh Vaghsloo M, Hassannejad Z. Evaluation and Comparison of the Effects of Mature Silkworm ( Bombyx mori) and Silkworm Pupae Extracts on Schwann Cell Proliferation and Axon Growth: An In Vitro Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e133552. [PMID: 36896320 PMCID: PMC9990520 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-133552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Silkworm products were first used by physicians more than 8500 years ago, in the early Neolithic period. In Persian medicine, silkworm extract has several uses for treating and preventing neurological, cardiac, and liver diseases. Mature silkworms (Bombyx mori) and their pupae contain a variety of growth factors and proteins that can be used in many repair processes, including nerve regeneration. Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the effects of mature silkworm (Bombyx mori), and silkworm pupae extract on Schwann cell proliferation and axon growth. Methods Silkworm (Bombyx mori) and silkworm pupae extracts were prepared. Then, the concentration and type of amino acids and proteins in the extracts were evaluated by Bradford assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Also, the regenerative potential of extracts for improving Schwann cell proliferation and axon growth was examined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, electron microscopy, and NeuroFilament-200 (NF-200) immunostaining. Results According to the results of the Bradford test, the total protein content of pupae extract was almost twice that of mature worm extract. Also, SDS-PAGE analysis revealed numerous proteins and growth factors, such as bombyrin and laminin, in extracts that are involved in the repair of the nervous system. In accordance with Bradford's results, the evaluation of extracts using LC-MS/MS revealed that the number of amino acids in pupae extract was higher than in mature silkworm extract. It was found that the proliferation of Schwann cells at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL in both extracts was higher than the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL. When using both extracts on dorsal root ganglion (DRGs), an increase in length and number was observed in axons. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrated that extracts obtained from silkworms, especially pupae, can play an effective role in Schwann cell proliferation and axonal growth, which can be strong evidence for nerve regeneration, and, consequently, repairing peripheral nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Khosropanah
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Amani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismaeil Harririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Azimzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Touraj Nejatian
- AFHEA Prosthodontics and ORE University College London, London, England
| | - Mahdi Alizadeh Vaghsloo
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine Network, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hassannejad
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Li Y, Chen Z, Zhou J, Guan Y, Xing J, Niu Z, Zhang B, Zeng Q, Pei X, Wang Y, Peng J, Xu W, Yue W, Han Y. Combining chitin biological conduits with injectable adipose tissue-derived decellularised matrix hydrogels loaded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of peripheral nerve defects in rats. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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23
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Chen SH, Kao HK, Wun JR, Chou PY, Chen ZY, Chen SH, Hsieh ST, Fang HW, Lin FH. Thermosensitive hydrogel carrying extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells promotes peripheral nerve regeneration after microsurgical repair. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:046103. [PMID: 36345317 PMCID: PMC9637024 DOI: 10.1063/5.0118862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are commonly occurring traumas of the extremities; functional recovery is hindered by slow nerve regeneration (<1 mm/day) following microsurgical repair and subsequent muscle atrophy. Functional recovery after peripheral nerve repair is highly dependent on local Schwann cell activity and axon regeneration speed. Herein, to promote nerve regeneration, paracrine signals of adipose-derived stem cells were applied in the form of extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded in a thermosensitive hydrogel (PALDE) that could solidify rapidly and sustain high EV concentration around a repaired nerve during surgery. Cell experiments revealed that PALDE hydrogel markedly promotes Schwann-cell migration and proliferation and axon outgrowth. In a rat sciatic nerve repair model, the PALDE hydrogel increased repaired-nerve conduction efficacy; contraction force of leg muscles innervated by the repaired nerve also recovered. Electromicroscopic examination of downstream nerves indicated that fascicle diameter and myeline thickness in the PALDE group (1.91 ± 0.61 and 1.06 ± 0.40 μm, respectively) were significantly higher than those in PALD and control groups. Thus, this EV-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel is a potential cell-free therapeutic modality to improve peripheral-nerve regeneration, offering sustained and focused EV release around the nerve-injury site to overcome rapid clearance and maintain EV bioactivity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huang-Kai Kao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ru Wun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Yun Chou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Hsu-Wei Fang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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24
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Wei S, Hu Q, Ma J, Dai X, Sun Y, Han G, Meng H, Xu W, Zhang L, Ma X, Peng J, Wang Y. Acellular nerve xenografts based on supercritical extraction technology for repairing long-distance sciatic nerve defects in rats. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:300-320. [PMID: 35387172 PMCID: PMC8961471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to conventional artificial nerve guide conduits (NGCs) prepared using natural polymers or synthetic polymers, acellular nerve grafts (ACNGs) derived from natural nerves with eliminated immune components have natural bionic advantages in composition and structure that polymer materials do not have. To further optimize the repair effect of ACNGs, in this study, we used a composite technology based on supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction to process the peripheral nerve of a large mammal, the Yorkshire pig, and obtained an innovative Acellular nerve xenografts (ANXs, namely, CD + scCO2 NG). After scCO2 extraction, the fat and DNA content in CD + scCO2 NG has been removed to the greatest extent, which can better supported cell adhesion and proliferation, inducing an extremely weak inflammatory response. Interestingly, the protein in the CD + scCO2 NG was primarily involved in signaling pathways related to axon guidance. Moreover, compared with the pure chemical decellularized nerve graft (CD NG), the DRG axons grew naturally on the CD + scCO2 NG membrane and extended long distances. In vivo studies further revealed that the regenerated nerve axons had basically crossed the CD + scCO2 NG 3 weeks after surgery. 12 weeks after surgery, CD + scCO2 NG was similar to autologous nerves in improving the quality of nerve regeneration, target muscle morphology and motor function recovery and was significantly better than hollow NGCs and CD NG. Therefore, we believe that the fully decellularized and fat-free porcine ACNGs may be the most promising “bridge” for repairing human nerve defects at this stage and for some time to come. The native adipose tissue inside acellular nerve xenografts hinders regenerated nerve fibers. Environmentally friendly scCO2 extraction has natural advantages in reducing fat content. Natural three-dimensional nerve basement membrane tube structure guides regenerating axons.
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25
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Ye K, He A, Wu M, Qiu X, Chen Z, Yin J, Song Q, Huang Y, Xu K, Huang Y, Wei P. In vitro study of decellularized rat tissues for nerve regeneration. Front Neurol 2022; 13:986377. [PMID: 36188412 PMCID: PMC9520319 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.986377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries cause an absence or destruction of nerves. Decellularized nerves, acting as a replacement for autografts, have been investigated in the promotion of nerve repair and regeneration, always being incorporated with stem cells or growth factors. However, such a strategy is limited by size availability. The potential application in heterotopic transplantation of other decellularized tissues needs to be further explored. In this study, rat decellularized kidney (dK) was selected to be compared with decellularized peripheral nerve (dN), since dK has aboundant ECM components and growth factors. The PC-12 cells were cultured on dK and dN scaffolds, as shown in the similar behaviors of cell metabolism and viability, but have a more regular arrangement on dN compared to dK, indicating that the natural structure plays an important role in guiding cell extension. However, we found significant upregulation of axon–growth–associated genes and proteins of PC-12 cells in the dK group compared to the dN group by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. Furthermore, various neurotrophic factors and growth factors of acellular kidney and nerve were evaluated by ELISA assay. The lower expression of neurotrophic factors but higher expression of growth factors such as VEGF and HGF from dK suggests that axon growth and extension for PC-12 cells may be partially mediated by VEGF and HGF expression from decellularized kidney, which further points to a potential application in nerve repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ye
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Andong He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Miaoben Wu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaodong Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Beilun Binhai New City Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Medical Research Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Kailei Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Central Laboratory, Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
- Kailei Xu
| | - Yuye Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Central Laboratory, Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Yuye Huang
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Wei
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Brown M, Li J, Moraes C, Tabrizian M, Li-Jessen NY. Decellularized extracellular matrix: New promising and challenging biomaterials for regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hu J, Shangguan J, Askar P, Xu J, Sun H, Zhou S, Zhu C, Su W, Gu Y. Decellularization alters the unfavorable regenerative adverse microenvironment of the injured spinal cord to support neurite outgrowth. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:934. [PMID: 36172103 PMCID: PMC9511201 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Acellular tissue has been transplanted into the injury site as an external microenvironment to intervene with imbalance microenvironment that occurs after spinal cord injury (SCI) and stimulating axonal regeneration, although the mechanism is unclear. Given decellularization is the key means to obtain acellular tissues, we speculated changes in the internal components of tissue caused by decellularization may be the key reason why acellular tissues affect remodeling of the microenvironment. Methods Complete spinal cord crush in a mouse model was established, and the dynamic of extracellular matrix (ECM) expression and distribution during SCI was studied with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Normal spinal cord (NSC) and 14-day injury spinal cord (ISC) were obtained to prepare the decellularized NSC (DNSC) and decellularized ISC (DISC) through a well-designed decellularization method, and the decellularization effects were evaluated by residual DNA content determination, hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E), and IHC. Rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were co-cultured with NSC, ISC, DNSC, and DISC to evaluate their effect on neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which decellularized tissue promotes axonal growth were explored with proteomics analysis of the protein components and function of 14-day ISC and DISC. Results We found the expression of the four main ECM components (collagen type I and IV, fibronectin, and laminin) gradually increased with the progression of SCI compared to NSC, peaking at 14 days of injury then slightly decreasing at 21 days, and the distribution of the four ECM proteins in the ISC also changed dynamically. H&E staining, residual DNA content determination, and IHC showed decellularization removed cellular components and preserved an intact ECM. The results of co-cultured DRG with NSCs, ISCs, DNSCs, and DISCs showed DNSCs and DISCs had a stronger ability in supporting neurite outgrowth than NSC and ISC. We found through proteomics that decellularization could remove proteins associated with inflammatory responses, scarring, and other pathological factors, while completely retaining the ECM proteins. Conclusions Taken together, our findings demonstrate decellularization can optimize the imbalanced microenvironment after SCI by removing components that inhibit spinal cord regeneration, providing a theoretical basis for clinical application of acellular tissue transplantation to repair SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianghong Shangguan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Parizat Askar
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinghui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Changlai Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenfeng Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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28
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Xue MT, Sheng WJ, Song X, Shi YJ, Geng ZJ, Shen L, Wang R, Lü HZ, Hu JG. Atractylenolide III ameliorates spinal cord injury in rats by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1059-1071. [PMID: 35403332 PMCID: PMC9160450 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory reactions induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) are essential for recovery after SCI. Atractylenolide III (ATL‐III) is a natural monomeric herbal bioactive compound that is mainly derived in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and has anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Objective Here, we speculated that ATL‐III may ameliorate SCI by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization. In the present research, we focused on investigating the role of ATL‐III on SCI in rats and explored the potential mechanism. Methods The protective and anti‐inflammatory effects of ATL‐III on neuronal cells were examined in a rat SCI model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated BV2 microglial line. The spinal cord lesion area, myelin integrity, and surviving neurons were assessed by specific staining. Locomotor function was evaluated by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, grid walk test, and footprint test. The activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages were assessed by immunohistofluorescence and flow cytometry. The expression of corresponding inflammatory factors from M1/M2 and the activation of relevant signaling pathways were assessed by Western blotting. Results ATL‐III effectively improved histological and functional recovery in SCI rats. Furthermore, ATL‐III promoted the transformation of M1 into M2 and attenuated the activation of microglia/macrophages, further suppressing the expression of corresponding inflammatory mediators. This effect may be partly mediated by inhibition of neuroinflammation through the NF‐κB, JNK MAPK, p38 MAPK, and Akt pathways. Conclusion This study reveals a novel effect of ATL‐III in the regulation of microglial/macrophage polarization and provides initial evidence that ATL‐III has potential therapeutic benefits in SCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tong Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Xue Song
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jiao Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Geng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Lin Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
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Rao Z, Lin Z, Song P, Quan D, Bai Y. Biomaterial-Based Schwann Cell Transplantation and Schwann Cell-Derived Biomaterials for Nerve Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:926222. [PMID: 35836742 PMCID: PMC9273721 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.926222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) dominate the regenerative behaviors after peripheral nerve injury by supporting axonal regrowth and remyelination. Previous reports also demonstrated that the existence of SCs is beneficial for nerve regeneration after traumatic injuries in central nervous system. Therefore, the transplantation of SCs/SC-like cells serves as a feasible cell therapy to reconstruct the microenvironment and promote nerve functional recovery for both peripheral and central nerve injury repair. However, direct cell transplantation often leads to low efficacy, due to injection induced cell damage and rapid loss in the circulatory system. In recent years, biomaterials have received great attention as functional carriers for effective cell transplantation. To better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), many biodegradable materials have been engineered with compositional and/or topological cues to maintain the biological properties of the SCs/SCs-like cells. In addition, ECM components or factors secreted by SCs also actively contribute to nerve regeneration. Such cell-free transplantation approaches may provide great promise in clinical translation. In this review, we first present the current bio-scaffolds engineered for SC transplantation and their achievement in animal models and clinical applications. To this end, we focus on the physical and biological properties of different biomaterials and highlight how these properties affect the biological behaviors of the SCs/SC-like cells. Second, the SC-derived biomaterials are also reviewed and discussed. Finally, the relationship between SCs and functional biomaterials is summarized, and the trends of their future development are predicted toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Rao
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zudong Lin
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Song
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daping Quan
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for Functional Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Li LK, Huang WC, Hsueh YY, Yamauchi K, Olivares N, Davila R, Fang J, Ding X, Zhao W, Soto J, Hasani M, Novitch B, Li S. Intramuscular delivery of neural crest stem cell spheroids enhances neuromuscular regeneration after denervation injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:205. [PMID: 35578348 PMCID: PMC9109326 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle denervation from trauma and motor neuron disease causes disabling morbidities. A limiting step in functional recovery is the regeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) for reinnervation. Stem cells have the potential to promote these regenerative processes, but current approaches have limited success, and the optimal types of stem cells remain to be determined. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), as the developmental precursors of the peripheral nervous system, are uniquely advantageous, but the role of NCSCs in neuromuscular regeneration is not clear. Furthermore, a cell delivery approach that can maintain NCSC survival upon transplantation is critical. METHODS We established a streamlined protocol to derive, isolate, and characterize functional p75+ NCSCs from human iPSCs without genome integration of reprogramming factors. To enhance survival rate upon delivery in vivo, NCSCs were centrifuged in microwell plates to form spheroids of desirable size by controlling suspension cell density. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were also studied for comparison. NCSC or MSC spheroids were injected into the gastrocnemius muscle with denervation injury, and the effects on NMJ formation and functional recovery were investigated. The spheroids were also co-cultured with engineered neuromuscular tissue to assess effects on NMJ formation in vitro. RESULTS NCSCs cultured in spheroids displayed enhanced secretion of soluble factors involved in neuromuscular regeneration. Intramuscular transplantation of spheroids enabled long-term survival and retention of NCSCs, in contrast to the transplantation of single-cell suspensions. Furthermore, NCSC spheroids significantly improved functional recovery after four weeks as shown by gait analysis, electrophysiology, and the rate of NMJ innervation. MSC spheroids, on the other hand, had insignificant effect. In vitro co-culture of NCSC or MSC spheroids with engineered myotubes and motor neurons further evidenced improved innervated NMJ formation with NCSC spheroids. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that stem cell type is critical for neuromuscular regeneration and that NCSCs have a distinct advantage and therapeutic potential to promote reinnervation following peripheral nerve injury. Biophysical effects of spheroidal culture, in particular, enable long-term NCSC survival following in vivo delivery. Furthermore, synthetic neuromuscular tissue, or "tissues-on-a-chip," may offer a platform to evaluate stem cells for neuromuscular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeeAnn K Li
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wen-Chin Huang
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yuan-Yu Hsueh
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ken Yamauchi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Natalie Olivares
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Raul Davila
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jun Fang
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Xili Ding
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Weikang Zhao
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jennifer Soto
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mahdi Hasani
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bennett Novitch
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Song Li
- Departments of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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31
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Bousalis D, McCrary MW, Vaughn N, Hlavac N, Evering A, Kolli S, Song YH, Morley C, Angelini T, Schmidt CE. Decellularized peripheral nerve as an injectable delivery vehicle for neural applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:595-611. [PMID: 34590403 PMCID: PMC8742792 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the nervous system can result in loss of sensory and motor function, paralysis, or even death. To facilitate neural regeneration and functional recovery, researchers have employed biomaterials strategies to address both peripheral and central nervous system injuries. Injectable hydrogels that recapitulate native nerve extracellular matrix are especially promising for neural tissue engineering because they offer more flexibility for minimally invasive applications and provide a growth-permissive substrate for neural cell types. Here, we explore the development of injectable hydrogels derived from decellularized rat peripheral nerves (referred to as "injectable peripheral nerve [iPN] hydrogels"), which are processed using a newly developed sodium deoxycholate and DNase (SDD) decellularization method. We assess the gelation kinetics, mechanical properties, cell bioactivity, and drug release kinetics of the iPN hydrogels. The iPN hydrogels thermally gel when exposed to 37°C in under 20 min and have mechanical properties similar to neural tissue. The hydrogels demonstrate in vitro biocompatibility through support of Schwann cell viability and metabolic activity. Additionally, iPN hydrogels promote greater astrocyte spreading compared to collagen I hydrogels. Finally, the iPN is a promising delivery vehicle of drug-loaded microparticles for a combinatorial approach to neural injury therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Bousalis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michaela W. McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Natalie Vaughn
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Nora Hlavac
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ashley Evering
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Shruti Kolli
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Cameron Morley
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Thomas Angelini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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32
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Fu H, Hu D, Chen J, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Qi C, Yu T. Repair of the Injured Spinal Cord by Schwann Cell Transplantation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:800513. [PMID: 35250447 PMCID: PMC8891437 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.800513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in sensorimotor impairments or disability. Studies of the cellular response to SCI have increased our understanding of nerve regenerative failure following spinal cord trauma. Biological, engineering and rehabilitation strategies for repairing the injured spinal cord have shown impressive results in SCI models of both rodents and non-human primates. Cell transplantation, in particular, is becoming a highly promising approach due to the cells’ capacity to provide multiple benefits at the molecular, cellular, and circuit levels. While various cell types have been investigated, we focus on the use of Schwann cells (SCs) to promote SCI repair in this review. Transplantation of SCs promotes functional recovery in animal models and is safe for use in humans with subacute SCI. The rationales for the therapeutic use of SCs for SCI include enhancement of axon regeneration, remyelination of newborn or sparing axons, regulation of the inflammatory response, and maintenance of the survival of damaged tissue. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which transplanted SCs exert a reparative effect on SCI. Moreover, SC-based therapeutic strategies face considerable challenges in preclinical studies. These issues must be clarified to make SC transplantation a feasible clinical option. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in SC transplantation for SCI, and highlight proposed mechanisms and challenges of SC-mediated therapy. The sparse information available on SC clinical application in patients with SCI is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Die Hu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinli Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qizun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Department of Trauma Emergency Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Orthopaedics Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Qi,
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Tengbo Yu,
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33
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Wang XH, Tang XC, Li X, Qin JZ, Zhong WT, Wu P, Zhang F, Shen YX, Dai TT. Implantation of nanofibrous silk scaffolds seeded with bone marrow stromal cells promotes spinal cord regeneration (6686 words). ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:699-708. [PMID: 34882059 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.2013250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common pathology often resulting in permanent loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic function. Numerous studies in which stem cells have been transplanted in biomaterial scaffolds into animals have demonstrated their considerable potential for recovery from SCI. In the present study, a three-dimensional porous silk fibroin (SF) scaffold with a mean pore size of approximately 383 μm and nanofibrous structure was fabricated, the silk scaffold enabling the enhanced attachment and proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Investigation of its therapeutic potential was conducted by implantation of the nanofibrous SF scaffold seeded with BMSCs into a transected spinal cord model. Recovery of the damaged spinal cord was significantly improved after 2 months, compared with a non-nanofibrous scaffold, in combination with decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and improved axonal regeneration at the site of injury. Furthermore, elevated Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores indicated greatly improved hindlimb movement. Together, these results demonstrate that transplantation of neural scaffolds consisting of nanofibrous SF and BMSCs is an attractive strategy for the promotion of functional recovery following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of orthopedics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an Fourth People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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34
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Yu M, Gu G, Cong M, Du M, Wang W, Shen M, Zhang Q, Shi H, Gu X, Ding F. Repair of peripheral nerve defects by nerve grafts incorporated with extracellular vesicles from skin-derived precursor Schwann cells. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:190-203. [PMID: 34289422 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that extracellular vesicles from skin-derived precursor Schwann cells (SKP-SC-EVs) promote neurite outgrowth of sensory and motor neurons in vitro. This study was aimed at generating an artificial nerve graft incorporated with SKP-SC-EVs to examine in vivo effects of SKP-SC-EVs on peripheral nerve regeneration. Here SKP-SC-EVs were isolated and then identified by morphological observation and phenotypic marker expression. Following co-culture with SCs or motoneurons, SKP-SC-EVs were internalized, showing the capability to enhance SC viability or motoneuron neurite outgrowth. In vitro, SKP-SC-EVs released from Matrigel could maintain cellular uptake property and neural activity. Nerve grafts were developed by incorporating Matrigel-encapsulated SKP-SC-EVs into silicone conduits. Functional evaluation, histological investigation, and morphometric analysis were performed to compare the nerve regenerative outcome after bridging the 10-mm long sciatic nerve defect in rats with our developed nerve grafts, silicone conduits (filled with vehicle), and autografts respectively. Our developed nerve grafts significantly accelerated the recovery of motor, sensory, and electrophysiological functions of rats, facilitated outgrowth and myelination of regenerated axons, and alleviated denervation-induced atrophy of target muscles. Collectively, our findings suggested that incorporation of SKP-SC-EVs into nerve grafts might represent a promising paradigm for peripheral nerve injury repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nerve grafts have been progressively developed to meet the increasing requirements for peripheral nerve injury repair. Here we reported a design of nerve grafts featured by incorporation of Matrigel-encapsulated extracellular vesicles from skin-derived precursor Schwann cells (SKP-SC-EVs), because SKP-SC-EVs were found to possess in vitro neural activity, thus raising the possibility of cell-free therapy. Our developed nerve grafts yielded the satisfactory outcome of nerve grafting in rats with a 10-mm long sciatic nerve defect, as evaluated by functional and morphological assessments. The promoting effects of SKP-SC-EVs-incorporating nerve grafts on peripheral nerve regeneration might benefit from in vivo biological cues afforded by SKP-SC-EVs, which had been released from Matrigel and then internalized by residual neural cells in sciatic nerve stumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Clinical Medical Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guohao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mingzhi Du
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Gilmour AD, Reshamwala R, Wright AA, Ekberg JAK, St John JA. Optimizing Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury Repair. J Neurotrauma 2021; 37:817-829. [PMID: 32056492 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation constitutes an important avenue for development of new treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI). These therapies are aimed at supporting neural repair and/or replacing lost cells at the injury site. To date, various cell types have been trialed, with most studies focusing on different types of stem cells or glial cells. Here, we review commonly used cell transplantation approaches for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair, with focus on transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), the glial cells of the primary olfactory nervous system. OECs are promising candidates for promotion of neural repair given that they support continuous regeneration of the olfactory nerve that occurs throughout life. Further, OECs can be accessed from the nasal mucosa (olfactory neuroepithelium) at the roof of the nasal cavity and can be autologously transplanted. OEC transplantation has been trialed in many animal models of SCI, as well as in human clinical trials. While several studies have been promising, outcomes are variable and the method needs improvement to enhance aspects such as cell survival, integration, and migration. As a case study, we include the approaches used by our team (the Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia) to address the current problems with OEC transplantation and discuss how the therapeutic potential of OEC transplantation can be improved. Our approach includes discovery research to improve our knowledge of OEC biology, identifying natural and synthetic compounds to stimulate the neural repair properties of OECs, and designing three-dimensional cell constructs to create stable and transplantable cell structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Gilmour
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research and Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ronak Reshamwala
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research and Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alison A Wright
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research and Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research and Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - James A St John
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research and Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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Liu S, Rao Z, Zou J, Chen S, Zhu Q, Liu X, Bai Y, Liu Y, Quan D. Properties Regulation and Biological Applications of Decellularized Peripheral Nerve Matrix Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6473-6487. [PMID: 35006869 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized peripheral nerve matrix hydrogel (DNM-G) has drawn increasing attention in the field of neural tissue engineering, owing to its high tissue-specific bioactivity, drug/cell delivery capability, and multifunctional processability. However, the mechanisms and influencing factors of DNM-G formation have been rarely reported. To enable potential biological applications, the relationship between gelation conditions (including digestion time and gel concentration) and mechanical properties/stability (sol-gel transition temperature, gelation time, nanotopology, and storage modulus) of the DNM-G were systematically investigated in this study. The adequate-digested decellularized nerve matrix solution exhibited higher mechanical property, shorter gelation time, and a lower gelation temperature. A noteworthy increase of β-sheet proportion was identified through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) characterizations, which suggested the possible major secondary structure formation during the phase transition. Besides, the DNM-G degraded fast that over 70% mass loss was noted after 4 weeks when immersing in PBS. A natural cross-linking agent, genipin, was gently introduced into DNM-G to enhance its mechanical properties and stability without changing its microstructure and biological performance. As a prefabricated scaffold, DNM-G remarkably increased the length and penetration depth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurites compared to collagen gel. Furthermore, the DNM-G promoted the myelination and facilitated the formation of the morphological neural network. Finally, we demonstrated the feasibility of applying DNM-G in support-free extrusion-based 3D printing. Overall, the mechanical and biological performance of DNM-G can be manipulated by tuning the processing parameters, which is key to the versatile applications of DNM-G in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.,PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zilong Rao
- Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianlong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Shihao Chen
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qingtang Zhu
- Guangdong Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Guangdong Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Daping Quan
- Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Pan D, Li Y, Yang F, Lv Z, Zhu S, Shao Y, Huang Y, Ning G, Feng S. Increasing toll-like receptor 2 on astrocytes induced by Schwann cell-derived exosomes promotes recovery by inhibiting CSPGs deposition after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:172. [PMID: 34372877 PMCID: PMC8353762 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severely disabling disease that leads to loss of sensation, motor, and autonomic function. As exosomes have great potential in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of SCI because of their ability to easily cross the blood–brain barrier, the function of Schwann cell-derived exosomes (SCDEs) is still largely unknown. Methods A T10 spinal cord contusion was established in adult female mice. SCDEs were injected into the tail veins of mice three times a week for 4 weeks after the induction of SCI, and the control group was injected with PBS. High-resolution transmission electron microscope and western blot were used to characterize the SCDEs. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression on astrocytes, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) deposition and neurological function recovery were measured in the spinal cord tissues of each group by immunofluorescence staining of TLR2, GFAP, CS56, 5-HT, and β-III-tublin, respectively. TLR2f/f mice were crossed to the GFAP-Cre strain to generate astrocyte specific TLR2 knockout mice (TLR2−/−). Finally, western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of signaling proteins and IKKβ inhibitor SC-514 was used to validate the involved signaling pathway. Results Here, we found that TLR2 increased significantly on astrocytes post-SCI. SCDEs treatment can promote functional recovery and induce the expression of TLR2 on astrocytes accompanied with decreased CSPGs deposition. The specific knockout of TLR2 on astrocytes abolished the decreasing CSPGs deposition and neurological functional recovery post-SCI. In addition, the signaling pathway of NF-κB/PI3K involved in the TLR2 activation was validated by western blot. Furthermore, IKKβ inhibitor SC-514 was also used to validate this signaling pathway. Conclusion Thus, our results uncovered that SCDEs can promote functional recovery of mice post-SCI by decreasing the CSPGs deposition via increasing the TLR2 expression on astrocytes through NF-κB/PI3K signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02215-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Pan
- Department, of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjin Li
- Department, of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhan Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Lv
- Department, of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- Department, of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Shao
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Department, of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China. .,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department, of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China. .,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Feng J, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Gu C, Waqas A, Chen L. Emerging Exosomes and Exosomal MiRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703989. [PMID: 34307384 PMCID: PMC8299525 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious traumatic event to the spinal cord with considerable morbidity and mortality. This injury leads to short- and long-term variations in the spinal cord, and can have a serious effect on the patient's sensory, motor, or autonomic functions. Due to the complicated pathological process of SCI, there is currently no successful clinical treatment strategy. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a double-layer membrane structure of 30-150 nm diameter, have recently been considered as critical mediators for communication between cells and tissues by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Further studies verified that exosomes participate in the pathophysiological process of several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, and could have a significant impact in their treatment. As natural carriers of biologically active cargos, exosomes have emerged as pathological mediators of SCI. In this review article, we critically discuss the functions of exosomes as intracellular mediators and potential treatments in SCI and provide an outlook on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Huang Y, Wu W, Liu H, Chen Y, Li B, Gou Z, Li X, Gou M. 3D printing of functional nerve guide conduits. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab011. [PMID: 34212061 PMCID: PMC8240533 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nerve guide conduits (NGCs), as alternatives to nerve autografts and allografts, have been widely explored as an advanced tool for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. However, the repairing efficiency of NGCs still needs significant improvements. Functional NGCs that provide a more favorable microenvironment for promoting axonal elongation and myelination are of great importance. In recent years, 3D printing technologies have been widely applied in the fabrication of customized and complex constructs, exhibiting great potential for tissue engineering applications, especially for the construction of functional NGCs. In this review, we introduce the 3D printing technologies for manufacturing functional NGCs, including inkjet printing, extrusion printing, stereolithography-based printing and indirect printing. Further, we summarize the current methods and strategies for constructing functional NGCs, such as designing special conduit architectures, using appropriate materials and co-printing with different biological cues. Finally, the challenges and prospects for construction of functional NGCs are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenbi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haofan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Maling Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) destroys the sensorimotor pathway and blocks the information flow between the peripheral nerve and the brain, resulting in autonomic function loss. Numerous studies have explored the effects of obstructed information flow on brain structure and function and proved the extensive plasticity of the brain after SCI. Great progress has also been achieved in therapeutic strategies for SCI to restore the "re-innervation" of the cerebral cortex to the limbs to some extent. Although no thorough research has been conducted, the changes of brain structure and function caused by "re-domination" have been reported. This article is a review of the recent research progress on local structure, functional changes, and circuit reorganization of the cerebral cortex after SCI. Alterations of structure and electrical activity characteristics of brain neurons, features of brain functional reorganization, and regulation of brain functions by reconfigured information flow were also explored. The integration of brain function is the basis for the human body to exercise complex/fine movements and is intricately and widely regulated by information flow. Hence, its changes after SCI and treatments should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Rao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Tejeda G, Ciciriello AJ, Dumont CM. Biomaterial Strategies to Bolster Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Repair of the Central Nervous System. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:655-669. [PMID: 34120118 DOI: 10.1159/000515351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have the potential to not only repair, but to regenerate tissue of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies demonstrate that transplanted stem cells can differentiate into neurons and integrate with the intact circuitry after traumatic injury. Unfortunately, the positive findings described in rodent models have not been replicated in clinical trials, where the burden to maintain the cell viability necessary for tissue repair becomes more challenging. Low transplant survival remains the greatest barrier to stem cell-mediated repair of the CNS, often with fewer than 1-2% of the transplanted cells remaining after 1 week. Strategic transplantation parameters, such as injection location, cell concentration, and transplant timing achieve only modest improvements in stem cell transplant survival and appear inconsistent across studies. Biomaterials provide researchers with a means to significantly improve stem cell transplant survival through two mechanisms: (1) a vehicle to deliver and protect the stem cells and (2) a substrate to control the cytotoxic injury environment. These biomaterial strategies can alleviate cell death associated with delivery to the injury and can be used to limit cell death after transplantation by limiting cell exposure to cytotoxic signals. Moreover, it is likely that control of the injury environment with biomaterials will lead to a more reliable support for transplanted cell populations. This review will highlight the challenges associated with cell delivery in the CNS and the advances in biomaterial development and deployment for stem cell therapies necessary to bolster stem cell-mediated repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Tejeda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew J Ciciriello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Courtney M Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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42
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Song YH, Maynes MA, Hlavac N, Visosevic D, Daramola KO, Porvasnik SL, Schmidt CE. Development of novel apoptosis-assisted lung tissue decellularization methods. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3485-3498. [PMID: 33949462 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized tissues hold great potential for both regenerative medicine and disease modeling applications. The acellular extracellular matrix (ECM)-enriched scaffolds can be recellularized with patient-derived cells prior to transplantation, or digested to create thermally-gelling ECM hydrogels for 3D cell culture. Current methods of decellularization clear cellular components using detergents, which can result in loss of ECM proteins and tissue architectural integrity. Recently, an alternative approach utilizing apoptosis to decellularize excised murine sciatic nerves resulted in superior ECM preservation, cell removal, and immune tolerance in vivo. However, this apoptosis-assisted decellularization approach has not been optimized for other tissues with a more complex geometry, such as lungs. To this end, we developed an apoptosis-assisted lung tissue decellularization method using a combination of camptothecin and sulfobetaine-10 (SB-10) to induce apoptosis and facilitate gentle and effective removal of cell debris, respectively. Importantly, combination of the two agents resulted in superior cell removal and ECM preservation compared to either of the treatments alone, presumably because of pulmonary surfactants. In addition, our method was superior in cell removal compared to a previously established detergent-based decellularization protocol. Furthermore, thermally-gelling lung ECM hydrogels supported high viability of rat lung epithelial cells for up to 2 weeks in culture. This work demonstrates that apoptosis-based lung tissue decellularization is a superior technique that warrants further utilization for both regenerative medicine and disease modeling purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Mark A Maynes
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Nora Hlavac
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Daniel Visosevic
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn O Daramola
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Stacy L Porvasnik
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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43
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Doblado LR, Martínez-Ramos C, Pradas MM. Biomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.643507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapy of neural nerve injuries that involve the disruption of axonal pathways or axonal tracts has taken a new dimension with the development of tissue engineering techniques. When peripheral nerve injury (PNI), spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), or neurodegenerative disease occur, the intricate architecture undergoes alterations leading to growth inhibition and loss of guidance through large distance. To improve the limitations of purely cell-based therapies, the neural tissue engineering philosophy has emerged. Efforts are being made to produce an ideal scaffold based on synthetic and natural polymers that match the exact biological and mechanical properties of the tissue. Furthermore, through combining several components (biomaterials, cells, molecules), axonal regrowth is facilitated to obtain a functional recovery of the neural nerve diseases. The main objective of this review is to investigate the recent approaches and applications of neural tissue engineering approaches.
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44
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Ciciriello AJ, Smith DR, Munsell MK, Boyd SJ, Shea LD, Dumont CM. IL-10 lentivirus-laden hydrogel tubes increase spinal progenitor survival and neuronal differentiation after spinal cord injury. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2609-2625. [PMID: 33835500 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A complex cellular cascade characterizes the pathophysiological response following spinal cord injury (SCI) limiting regeneration. Biomaterial and stem cell combination therapies together have shown synergistic effects, compared to the independent benefits of each intervention, and represent a promising approach towards regaining function after injury. In this study, we combine our polyethylene glycol (PEG) cell delivery platform with lentiviral-mediated overexpression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 to improve mouse embryonic Day 14 (E14) spinal progenitor transplant survival. Immediately following injury in a mouse SCI hemisection model, five PEG tubes were implanted followed by direct injection into the tubes of lentivirus encoding for IL-10. Two weeks after tube implantation, mouse E14 spinal progenitors were injected directly into the integrated tubes, which served as a soft substrate for cell transplantation. Together, the tubes with the IL-10 encoding lentivirus improved E14 spinal progenitor survival, assessed at 2 weeks posttransplantation (4 weeks postinjury). On average, 8.1% of E14 spinal progenitors survived in mice receiving IL-10 lentivirus-laden tubes compared with 0.7% in mice receiving transplants without tubes, an 11.5-fold difference. Surviving E14 spinal progenitors gave rise to neurons when injected into tubes. Axon elongation and remyelination were observed, in addition to a significant increase in functional recovery in mice receiving IL-10 lentivirus-laden tubes with E14 spinal progenitor delivery compared to the injury only control by 4 weeks postinjury. All other conditions did not exhibit increased stepping until 8 or 12 weeks postinjury. This system affords increased control over the transplantation microenvironment, offering the potential to improve stem cell-mediated tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ciciriello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dominique R Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mary K Munsell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sydney J Boyd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Courtney M Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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45
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Bai YR, Lai BQ, Han WT, Sun JH, Li G, Ding Y, Zeng X, Ma YH, Zeng YS. Decellularized optic nerve functional scaffold transplant facilitates directional axon regeneration and remyelination in the injured white matter of the rat spinal cord. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2276-2283. [PMID: 33818513 PMCID: PMC8354131 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration and remyelination of the damaged region is the most common repair strategy for spinal cord injury. However, achieving good outcome remains difficult. Our previous study showed that porcine decellularized optic nerve better mimics the extracellular matrix of the embryonic porcine optic nerve and promotes the directional growth of dorsal root ganglion neurites. However, it has not been reported whether this material promotes axonal regeneration in vivo. In the present study, a porcine decellularized optic nerve was seeded with neurotrophin-3-overexpressing Schwann cells. This functional scaffold promoted the directional growth and remyelination of regenerating axons. In vitro, the porcine decellularized optic nerve contained many straight, longitudinal channels with a uniform distribution, and microscopic pores were present in the channel wall. The spatial micro topological structure and extracellular matrix were conducive to the adhesion, survival and migration of neural stem cells. The scaffold promoted the directional growth of dorsal root ganglion neurites, and showed strong potential for myelin regeneration. Furthermore, we transplanted the porcine decellularized optic nerve containing neurotrophin-3-overexpressing Schwann cells in a rat model of T10 spinal cord defect in vivo. Four weeks later, the regenerating axons grew straight, the myelin sheath in the injured/transplanted area recovered its structure, and simultaneously, the number of inflammatory cells and the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans were reduced. Together, these findings suggest that porcine decellularized optic nerve loaded with Schwann cells overexpressing neurotrophin-3 promotes the directional growth of regenerating spinal cord axons as well as myelin regeneration. All procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Sun Yat-sen University (approval No. SYSU-IACUC-2019-B034) on February 28, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rong Bai
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bi-Qin Lai
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province; Institute of Spinal Cord Injury; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Tao Han
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ge Li
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine; Institute of Spinal Cord Injury; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine; Institute of Spinal Cord Injury; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine; Institute of Spinal Cord Injury; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan-Shan Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province; Institute of Spinal Cord Injury; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Hu XC, Lu YB, Yang YN, Kang XW, Wang YG, Ma B, Xing S. Progress in clinical trials of cell transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury: how many questions remain unanswered? Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:405-413. [PMID: 32985458 PMCID: PMC7996007 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.293130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury can lead to severe motor, sensory and autonomic nervous dysfunctions. However, there is currently no effective treatment for spinal cord injury. Neural stem cells and progenitor cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, umbilical cord blood stem cells, adipose stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, macrophages and Schwann cells have been studied as potential treatments for spinal cord injury. These treatments were mainly performed in animals. However, subtle changes in sensory function, nerve root movement and pain cannot be fully investigated with animal studies. Although these cell types have shown excellent safety and effectiveness in various animal models, sufficient evidence of efficacy for clinical translation is still lacking. Cell transplantation should be combined with tissue engineering scaffolds, local drug delivery systems, postoperative adjuvant therapy and physical rehabilitation training as part of a comprehensive treatment plan to provide the possibility for patients with SCI to return to normal life. This review summarizes and analyzes the clinical trials of cell transplantation therapy in spinal cord injury, with the aim of providing a rational foundation for the development of clinical treatments for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Chang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases Research of Gansu Province, Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yu-Bao Lu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yong-Na Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xue-Wen Kang
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases Research of Gansu Province, Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yong-Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases Research of Gansu Province, Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases Research of Gansu Province, Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shuai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases Research of Gansu Province, Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Li T, Javed R, Ao Q. Xenogeneic Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-based Biomaterials For Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:2152-2163. [PMID: 33176651 PMCID: PMC9185777 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666201111103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury could lead to either impairment or a complete loss of function for affected patients, and a variety of nerve repair materials have been developed for surgical approaches to repair it. Although autologous or autologous tissue-derived biomaterials remain preferred treatment for peripheral nerve injury, the lack of donor sources has led biomedical researchers to explore more other biomaterials. As a reliable alternative, xenogeneic decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)-based biomaterials have been widely employed for surgical nerve repair. The dECM derived from animal donors is an attractive and unlimited source for xenotransplantation. Meanwhile, as an increasingly popular technique, decellularization could retain a variety of bioactive components in native ECM, such as polysaccharides, proteins, and growth factors. The resulting dECM-based biomaterials preserve a tissue's native microenvironment, promote Schwann cells proliferation and differentiation, and provide cues for nerve regeneration. Although the potential of dECM-based biomaterials as a therapeutic agent is rising, there are many limitations of this material restricting its use. Herein, this review discusses the decellularization techniques that have been applied to create dECM-based biomaterials, the main components of nerve ECM, and the recent progress in the utilization of xenogeneic dECM-based biomaterials through applications as a hydrogel, wrap, and guidance conduit in nerve tissue engineering. In the end, the existing bottlenecks of xenogeneic dECM-based biomaterials and developing technologies that could be eliminated to be helpful for utilization in the future have been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rabia Javed
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Med-ical Devices, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Rao Z, Lin T, Qiu S, Zhou J, Liu S, Chen S, Wang T, Liu X, Zhu Q, Bai Y, Quan D. Decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel scaffolds with longitudinally oriented and size-tunable microchannels for peripheral nerve regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111791. [PMID: 33545917 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The scaffolding biomaterials and their internal structures are crucial in constructing growth-permissive microenvironment for tissue regeneration. A functional bioscaffold not only requires sufficient extracellular matrix components, but also provides topological guidance by mimicry of the ultrastructure of the native tissue. In our laboratory, a decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel derived from porcine sciatic nerve (pDNM-G) is successfully prepared, which shows great promise for peripheral nerve regeneration. Herein, longitudinally oriented microchannel structures were introduced into pDNM-G bioscaffolds (A-pDNM-G) through controlled unidirectional freeze-drying. The axially aligned microchannels effectively directed and significantly promoted neurite extension and Schwann cell migration, assessed by culturing dorsal root ganglion explants on the longitudinal sections of A-pDNM-G scaffolds. Such regenerative cellular responses can be further optimized by tuning the channel sizes. In vivo studies confirmed that the implanted nerve guidance conduits containing A-pDNM-G scaffolds significantly facilitated axonal extension, myelination, and reached considerable functional recovery in 15-mm rat sciatic nerve defects. The incorporation of nerve growth factor further improved the overall performance in the grafted nerve. The bioactive pDNM-G enables controlled release of neurotrophic factor and easy integration of topological cue provided by the axially aligned microchannels into implantable bioscaffolds, which may serve in future clinical treatments of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Rao
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Guangdong Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Guangdong Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shihao Chen
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Guangdong Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Soft Tissue Biofabrication Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Guangdong Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qingtang Zhu
- Guangdong Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangdong Provincial Soft Tissue Biofabrication Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ying Bai
- Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Soft Tissue Biofabrication Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Daping Quan
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Predeina AL, Dukhinova MS, Vinogradov VV. Bioreactivity of decellularized animal, plant, and fungal scaffolds: perspectives for medical applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10010-10022. [PMID: 33063072 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01751e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous biomedical applications imply supportive materials to improve protective, antibacterial, and regenerative abilities upon surgical interventions, oncotherapy, regenerative medicine, and others. With the increasing variability of the possible sources, the materials of natural origin are among the safest and most accessible biomedical tools. Animal, plant, and fungal tissues can further undergo decellularization to improve their biocompatibility. Decellularized scaffolds lack the most reactive cellular material, nuclear and cytoplasmic components, that predominantly trigger immune responses. At the same time, the outstanding initial three-dimensional microarchitecture, biomechanical properties, and general composition of the scaffolds are preserved. These unique features make the scaffolds perfect ready-to-use platforms for various biomedical applications, implying cell growth and functionalization. Decellularized materials can be repopulated with various cells upon request, including epithelial, endothelial, muscle and neuronal cells, and applied for structural and functional biorepair within diverse biological sites, including the skin and musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind scaffold and host tissue interactions remain not fully understood, which significantly restricts their integration into clinical practice. In this review, we address the essential aspects of decellularization, scaffold preparation techniques, and its biochemical composition and properties, which determine the biocompatibility and immunogenicity of the materials. With the integrated evaluation of the scaffold profile in living systems, decellularized animal, plant, and fungal scaffolds have the potential to become essential instruments for safe and controllable biomedical applications.
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He J, Zhang N, Zhu Y, Jin R, Wu F. MSC spheroids-loaded collagen hydrogels simultaneously promote neuronal differentiation and suppress inflammatory reaction through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Biomaterials 2020; 265:120448. [PMID: 33068892 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is critical for the clinical success to take the anti-inflammatory function into consideration when integrating the neurogenesis into the nerve repair materials. To this aim, we prepared mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids-loaded collagen (Col) hydrogels with combined superior anti-inflammatory efficacy and neurogenic activity. The size of the MSC spheroids showed a strong modulation effect on both functions, and the MSC spheroids-100 sample exhibited the best neuronal and anti-inflammatory potentials. The observed dual functions were likely based on the elevated intrinsic cell-cell contacts and cell-extracellular matrix interactions from the MSC spheroids. MSC self-assembly as spheroids expedited the secretions of endogenous trophic factors and extracellular matrix (ECM), which was beneficial to drive neural stem cell differentiation into the neuronal lineage. In addition, the formation of the MSC spheroids secreted more amounts and types of cytokines as well as immunomodulatory paracrine factors to suppress LPS-induced inflammatory reaction. LC-MS/MS analysis further demonstrated that MSC spheroids contributed to the activation of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, thereby triggering downstream PI3K-Akt signal pathway, which was likely due to the acceleration of ECM-receptor interaction, gap junction and tight junction. Importantly, inhibiting Akt pathway significantly suppressed the neuronal differentiation, indicating that PI3K-Akt signal pathway was critically involved in the Col-MSC spheroid hydrogel mediated neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Such findings not only provided a simple approach for improving MSC-based therapies for neuron-related diseases, but also shed insight on understanding the underlying mechanisms of MSC-mediated neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nihui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongrong Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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