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Zhang QQ, Jin F, Yu JH, Zhang C, Zhang M, Deng MZ, Lin SX, Chen L, Zhao YL, He B, Li Y. Preparation of Indolin-3-one-Containing 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives via Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10099-10111. [PMID: 38943598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
This article explores the asymmetric Michael addition reaction of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and indole-3-ones catalyzed by cinchona alkaloids. This strategy utilizes 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and easily prepared indole-3-one as substrates, resulting in the synthesis of 23 unprecedented indolin-3-ones bearing a 1,4-naphthoquinone unit at the C2 position of indole under simple and mild reaction conditions, with up to 88% yield, 98% ee, and >20:1 dr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Fei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jun-Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Ming-Zhenlong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Shu-Xian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yong-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
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Al-Wabli RI, Issa IS, Al-Mutairi MS, Almomen AA, Attia MI. A Facile Synthesis and Molecular Characterization of Certain New Anti-Proliferative Indole-Based Chemical Entities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097862. [PMID: 37175570 PMCID: PMC10178769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently develop drug resistance, which leads to chemotherapeutic treatment failure. Additionally, chemotherapies are hindered by their high toxicity. Therefore, the development of new chemotherapeutic drugs with improved clinical outcomes and low toxicity is a major priority. Several indole derivatives exhibit distinctive anti-cancer mechanisms which have been associated with various molecular targets. In this study, target compounds 4a-q were obtained through the reaction of substituted benzyl chloride with hydrazine hydrate, which produces benzyl hydrazine. Subsequently, the appropriate substituted benzyl hydrazine was allowed to react with 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid or 5-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide as a coupling agent. All compounds exhibited cytotoxicity in three cell lines, namely, MCF-7, A549, and HCT. Compound 4e exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, with an average IC50 of 2 µM. Moreover, a flow cytometry study revealed a significantly increased prevalence of Annexin-V and 7-AAD positive cell populations. Several derivatives of 4a-q showed moderate to high cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines, with compound 4e having the highest cytotoxicity, indicating that it may possess potential apoptosis-inducing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem I Al-Wabli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman S Issa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha S Al-Mutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliyah A Almomen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed I Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Elkamhawy A, Oh NK, Gouda NA, Abdellattif MH, Alshammari SO, Abourehab MAS, Alshammari QA, Belal A, Kim M, Al-Karmalawy AA, Lee K. Novel Hybrid Indole-Based Caffeic Acid Amide Derivatives as Potent Free Radical Scavenging Agents: Rational Design, Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, In Silico and In Vitro Investigations. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020141. [PMID: 36837759 PMCID: PMC9966950 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant small molecules can prevent or delay the oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Herein, a structure-based hybridization of two natural antioxidants (caffeic acid and melatonin) afforded a novel hybrid series of indole-based amide analogues which was synthesized with potential antioxidant properties. A multiple-step scheme of in vitro radical scavenging assays was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds. The results of the DPPH assay demonstrated that the indole-based caffeic acid amides are more active free radical scavenging agents than their benzamide analogues. Compared to Trolox, a water-soluble analogue of vitamin E, compounds 3a, 3f, 3h, 3j, and 3m were found to have excellent DPPH radical scavenging activities with IC50 values of 95.81 ± 1.01, 136.8 ± 1.04, 86.77 ± 1.03, 50.98 ± 1.05, and 67.64 ± 1.02 µM. Three compounds out of five (3f, 3j, and 3m) showed a higher capacity to neutralize the radical cation ABTS•+ more than Trolox with IC50 values of 14.48 ± 0.68, 19.49 ± 0.54, and 14.92 ± 0.30 µM, respectively. Compound 3j presented the highest antioxidant activity with a FRAP value of 4774.37 ± 137.20 μM Trolox eq/mM sample. In a similar way to the FRAP assay, the best antioxidant activity against the peroxyl radicals was demonstrated by compound 3j (10,714.21 ± 817.76 μM Trolox eq/mM sample). Taken together, compound 3j was validated as a lead hybrid molecule that could be optimized to maximize its antioxidant potency for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Na Kyoung Oh
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Noha A. Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Turaba Branch P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud O. Alshammari
- Department of Plant Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamar A. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Minkyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.A.-K.); (K.L.)
| | - Kyeong Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (A.A.A.-K.); (K.L.)
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Mihailova L, Tchekalarova J, Shalabalija D, Geskovski N, Stoilkovska Gjorgievska V, Stefkov G, Krasteva P, Simonoska Crcarevska M, Glavas Dodov M. Lipid nano-carriers loaded with Cannabis sativa extract for epilepsy treatment - in vitro characterization and in vivo efficacy studies. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3384-3396. [PMID: 36189477 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Taking into consideration the latest reported beneficial anticolvusant effects of cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabiodiolic acid (CBDA) for clinical applications and the advantages of lipid nano-systems as carriers for targeted brain delivery, the aim of this study was set in direction of in vitro physico-chemical and biopharmaceutical characterization and in vivo evaluation of nanoliposomes and nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with Cannabis sativa extract intended for safe and efficient transport via blood-brain barrier and treatment of epilepsy. These nanoliposomes and nanostructured lipid formulations were characterized with z-average diameter <200 nm, following unimodal particle size distribution, negative values for Z-potential, high drug encapsulation efficiency and prolonged release during 24h (38.84-60.91 %). Prepared formulations showed statistically significant higher antioxidant capacity compared to the extract. The results from in vivo studies of the anticonvulsant activity demonstrated that all formulations significantly elevated the latencies for myoclonic, clonic and tonic seizures and, therefore, could be used in preventing different types of seizures. A distinction in the potential of the nano-systems was noted, which was probably anticipated by the type and the characteristics of the prepared formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Mihailova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia.
| | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Dushko Shalabalija
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Geskovski
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Veronika Stoilkovska Gjorgievska
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Center for Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Gjoshe Stefkov
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Center for Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Paoleta Krasteva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Maja Simonoska Crcarevska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Marija Glavas Dodov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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Bhakhar KA, Sureja DK, Dhameliya TM. Synthetic account of indoles in search of potential anti-mycobacterial agents: A review and future insights. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Elkamhawy A, Woo J, Gouda NA, Kim J, Nada H, Roh EJ, Park KD, Cho J, Lee K. Melatonin Analogues Potently Inhibit MAO-B and Protect PC12 Cells against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101604. [PMID: 34679739 PMCID: PMC8533333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) metabolizes dopamine and plays an important role in oxidative stress by altering the redox state of neuronal and glial cells. MAO-B inhibitors are a promising therapeutical approach for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Herein, 24 melatonin analogues (3a–x) were synthesized as novel MAO-B inhibitors with the potential to counteract oxidative stress in neuronal PC12 cells. Structure elucidation, characterization, and purity of the synthesized compounds were performed using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS, and HPLC. At 10 µM, 12 compounds showed >50% MAO-B inhibition. Among them, compounds 3n, 3r, and 3u–w showed >70% inhibition of MAO-B and IC50 values of 1.41, 0.91, 1.20, 0.66, and 2.41 µM, respectively. When compared with the modest selectivity index of rasagiline (II, a well-known MAO-B inhibitor, SI > 50), compounds 3n, 3r, 3u, and 3v demonstrated better selectivity indices (SI > 71, 109, 83, and 151, respectively). Furthermore, compounds 3n and 3r exhibited safe neurotoxicity profiles in PC12 cells and reversed 6-OHDA- and rotenone-induced neuronal oxidative stress. Both compounds significantly up-regulated the expression of the anti-oxidant enzyme, heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Treatment with Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), a selective HO-1 inhibitor, abolished the neuroprotective effects of the tested compounds, suggesting a critical role of HO-1 up-regulation. Both compounds increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which is a key regulator of the antioxidative response. Taken together, these data show that compounds 3n and 3r could be further exploited for their multi-targeted role in oxidative stress-related PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jiyu Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
| | - Noha A. Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
| | - Jushin Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hossam Nada
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.D.P.); (J.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.D.P.); (J.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (A.E.); (J.W.); (N.A.G.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence: (K.D.P.); (J.C.); (K.L.)
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Tchekalarova J, Stoyanova T, Tzoneva R, Angelova V, Andreeva-Gateva P. The Anticonvulsant Effect of a Novel Indole-Related Compound in the Kainate-Induced Status Epilepticus in Mice: The Role of the Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Mechanism. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:327-334. [PMID: 34510375 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of novel indole compounds containing aroylhydrazone moieties and evaluated them in mice to check their anticonvulsant activity. In the present study the most potent C3-modified derivative 3e, containing 2-furyl fragment was evaluated in kainate (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE) and the consequences on oxidative stress and inflammation in the hippocampus in mice were explored. Melatonin was used as positive control while the melatonin receptor antagonist Luzindol was studied alone or in combination with melatonin or 3e, respectively. After intraperitoneal (i.p.) pre-treatment with melatonin 3e, Luzindol + melatonin and Luzindol + 3e for 7 days (melatonin and 3e-30 mg kg-1 or 60 mg kg-1, Luzindol 10 mg kg-1) the animals were i.p. injected with KA (30 mg kg-1, i.p.). The 3e decreased the SE-induced seizure intensity while melatonin suppressed seizures at the higher dose of 60 mg kg-1. Luzindol blocked the anticonvulsant effect of both Mel and 3e. The dose-dependent antioxidant effect of 3e measured by reduced glutathione (GSH) and total GSH in the hippocampus, was comparable to the effect of melatonin. Luzindol fully blocked the effect of melatonin but affected partially the antioxidant activity of 3e. The KA-induced increased amplifier of neuroinflammation high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) was neither alleviated by melatonin, nor by 3e. The activation by this DNA-binding protein receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) was not affected by SE, melatonin and 3e pre-treatment. Our results suggest that the novel indole derivate 3e, containing 2-furyl fragment, might be clinically useful as an adjunct therapy against SE and concomitant oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Tsveta Stoyanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 23, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violina Angelova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia (MU-Sofia), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavlina Andreeva-Gateva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Li B, Yao J, He F, Liu J, Lin Z, Liu S, Wang W, Wu T, Huang J, Chen K, Fang M, Chen J, Zeng JZ. Synthesis, SAR study, and bioactivity evaluation of a series of Quinoline-Indole-Schiff base derivatives: Compound 10E as a new Nur77 exporter and autophagic death inducer. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:105008. [PMID: 34089944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported 5-((8-methoxy-2-methylquinolin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indole- 2-carbohydrazide derivatives as new Nur77 modulators. In this study, we explored whether the 8-methoxy-2-methylquinoline moiety and bicyclic aromatic rings at the N'-methylene position were critical for their antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For this purpose, a small library of 5-substituted 1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide derivatives was designed and synthesized. We found that the 8-methoxy-2-methylquinoline moiety was a fundamental structure for its biological function, while the introduction of the bicyclic aromatic ring into the N'-methylene greatly improved its anti-tumor effect. We found that the representative compound 10E had a high affinity to Nur77. The KD values were in the low micromolar (2.25-4.10 μM), which were coincident with its IC50 values against the tumor cell lines (IC50 < 3.78 μM). Compound 10E could induce autophagic cell death of liver cancer cells by targeting Nur77 to mitochondria while knocking down Nur77 greatly impaired anti-tumor effect. These findings provide an insight into the structure-activity relation of Quinoline-Indole-Schiff base derivatives and further demonstrate that antitumor agents targeting Nur77 may be considered as a promising strategy for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baicun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Department of Physiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jie Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Fengming He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zongxin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shunzhi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiangang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Meijuan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Jingwei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Jin-Zhang Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors in Indole Derivative Treated Mice: Neuropharmacological Perspectives. ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim/objective. When applied in pharmacological doses, the indole derivative melatonin exhibits neuroactive and neuroprotective effects. Indoles and their metabolites, such as kynurenine, are ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR). This study aimed to evaluate the antiepileptic and analgesic activity of melatonin and two synthetic melatonin derivatives. The possible involvement of AhR and kynurenine in their neuropharmacological effects were also tested.
Methods. The tested substances were: melatonin, two melatonin derivatives bearing aryl hydrocarbon moiety with either furyl or thienyl substitute (3e and 3f), and alpha naphthoflavone (ANF), an antagonist of AhR. After intraperitoneal injection of 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg of the tested agents for seven days, male mice ICR (25-30 g) were subjected to a corneal kindling seizure model. Two tests for analgesia, i.e., the hot plate test and the formalin test, were also applied. AhR and kynurenine concentrations were evaluated in brain homogenates.
Results. Substances 3e and 3f demonstrated an antiepileptic activity comparable to that of melatonin. Some analgesic activity was also shown, albeit lower than that of melatonin in equivalent doses. For melatonin and 3f treated mice, dose-dependent increases in AhR and kynurenine levels in brain homogenates were recorded. The antagonist ANF neither blocks the antiseizure activity of the tested indoles, nor demonstrated analgesic activity.
Conclusion. Melatonin and the two tested melatonin-aroylhydrazone derivatives bearing either furyl or thienyl substitute exhibit antiepileptic and analgesic activity. Our results did not support the involvement of AhR in the demonstrated neurobiological activity. Further studies are needed to elucidate their exact molecular mechanisms.
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Purgatorio R, Gambacorta N, Catto M, de Candia M, Pisani L, Espargaró A, Sabaté R, Cellamare S, Nicolotti O, Altomare CD. Pharmacophore Modeling and 3D-QSAR Study of Indole and Isatin Derivatives as Antiamyloidogenic Agents Targeting Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:E5773. [PMID: 33297547 PMCID: PMC7731220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-six novel indole-containing compounds, mainly 3-(2-phenylhydrazono) isatins and structurally related 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde derivatives, were synthesized and assayed as inhibitors of beta amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, a hallmark of pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. The newly synthesized molecules spanned their IC50 values from sub- to two-digit micromolar range, bearing further information into structure-activity relationships. Some of the new compounds showed interesting multitarget activity, by inhibiting monoamine oxidases A and B. A cell-based assay in tau overexpressing bacterial cells disclosed a promising additional activity of some derivatives against tau aggregation. The accumulated data of either about ninety published and thirty-six newly synthesized molecules were used to generate a pharmacophore hypothesis of antiamyloidogenic activity exerted in a wide range of potencies, satisfactorily discriminating the 'active' compounds from the 'inactive' (poorly active) ones. An atom-based 3D-QSAR model was also derived for about 80% of 'active' compounds, i.e., those achieving finite IC50 values lower than 100 μM. The 3D-QSAR model (encompassing 4 PLS factors), featuring acceptable predictive statistics either in the training set (n = 45, q2 = 0.596) and in the external test set (n = 14, r2ext = 0.695), usefully complemented the pharmacophore model by identifying the physicochemical features mainly correlated with the Aβ anti-aggregating potency of the indole and isatin derivatives studied herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Purgatorio
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (N.G.); (M.d.C.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (O.N.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (N.G.); (M.d.C.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (O.N.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (N.G.); (M.d.C.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (O.N.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (N.G.); (M.d.C.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (O.N.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Leonardo Pisani
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (N.G.); (M.d.C.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (O.N.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Alba Espargaró
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.); (R.S.)
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.E.); (R.S.)
| | - Saverio Cellamare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (N.G.); (M.d.C.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (O.N.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (N.G.); (M.d.C.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (O.N.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Cosimo D. Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (N.G.); (M.d.C.); (L.P.); (S.C.); (O.N.); (C.D.A.)
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Rivadeneyra-Domínguez E, Pérez-Pérez JE, Vázquez-Luna A, Díaz-Sobac R, Rodríguez-Landa JF. Effects of Cassava Juice ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) on Renal and Hepatic Function and Motor Impairments in Male Rats. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E708. [PMID: 33182225 PMCID: PMC7695244 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a plant that contains neurotoxins such as linamarin and lotaustraline. Its long-term consumption is associated with neuronal damage and contributes to the development of motor impairment in humans and rats. We investigated the effects of the consumption of cassava juice on renal and hepatic function and motor impairments in male rats. The rats received the vehicle, non-toxic and toxic doses of cassava juice, or linamarin as a pharmacological control, over 35 consecutive days. The effects were evaluated in an open field test, rotarod, and swim test. The toxic cassava dose and linamarin resulted in motor impairments in the rotarod and swim test from day 7 of treatment. The toxic cassava dose and linamarin increased the parameters that indicate renal and hepatic damage, with the exception of total protein and albumin levels. Behavioral variables that show motor incoordination (i.e., latency to fall in the rotarod) were negatively correlated with biochemical parameters of renal and kidney damage, whereas spin behavior was positively correlated. Our data indicate that chronic oral consumption of cassava juice caused renal and hepatic damage that was correlated with motor coordination impairment in rats, similarly to their principal neurotoxic compound, linamarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Rivadeneyra-Domínguez
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico; (J.E.P-P.); (A.V.-L.); (R.D.-S.); (J.F.R.-L.)
| | - José Eduardo Pérez-Pérez
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico; (J.E.P-P.); (A.V.-L.); (R.D.-S.); (J.F.R.-L.)
| | - Alma Vázquez-Luna
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico; (J.E.P-P.); (A.V.-L.); (R.D.-S.); (J.F.R.-L.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Rafael Díaz-Sobac
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico; (J.E.P-P.); (A.V.-L.); (R.D.-S.); (J.F.R.-L.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico; (J.E.P-P.); (A.V.-L.); (R.D.-S.); (J.F.R.-L.)
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, Mexico
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12
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Tchekalarova J, Ivanova N, Nenchovska Z, Tzoneva R, Stoyanova T, Uzunova V, Surcheva S, Tzonev A, T Angelova V, Andreeva-Gateva P. Evaluation of neurobiological and antioxidant effects of novel melatonin analogs in mice. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1566-1579. [PMID: 33424250 PMCID: PMC7783092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the pharmacophore model of melatonin (MT1) receptor, we recently synthesized a series of indole derivatives that showed anticonvulsant activity with low neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rodents. In the present study, the three most potent C3-modified derivatives with hydrazine structure 3c, 3e, and 3f, with 2-chlorophenyl, 2-furyl, and 2-thienyl fragments, respectively, were selected, and their neurobiological activity was explored in mice. In Experiment #1, the dose-dependent anxiolytic effect of a single i.p. administration of the novel compounds at doses of 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg were studied in the open field (OF) test. In Experiment#2, the analgesic effect of 3c, 3e, and 3f (30–100 mg/kg) was tested in the hot plate test and formalin test. Experiment#3 was designed to assess the antidepressant-like activity of 3c, 3e, and 3f (10–60 mg/kg). The forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST)-induced effect on markers of oxidative stress in the frontal cortex (FC), and the hippocampus was evaluated. Melatonin was used in the same doses as melatonin analogs in all three experiments as a positive control. Desipramine (10 mg/kg) was also applied as a control in the FST. The three melatonin analogs bearing hydrazide/hydrazone substitution at 3C of the indol scaffold demonstrated improved antidepressant-like activity compared to the melatonin. The tested substances are devoided of anxiolytic effects. The antioxidant activity of the melatonin analogs and analgesic potential is comparable to that of melatonin. The 3C substitution with hydrazide/hydrazone moiety substantially contributes to the antidepressant and antioxidant activity of the melatonin analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Natasha Ivanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Zlatina Nenchovska
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tzveta Stoyanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Veselina Uzunova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Slavina Surcheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alex Tzonev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violina T Angelova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavlina Andreeva-Gateva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
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13
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of methylenehydrazine-1-carboxamide derivatives with (5-((4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1H-indole scaffold: Novel potential CDK9 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Li B, Yao J, Guo K, He F, Chen K, Lin Z, Liu S, Huang J, Wu Q, Fang M, Zeng J, Wu Z. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 5-((8-methoxy-2-methylquinolin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide derivatives as novel Nur77 modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112608. [PMID: 32717483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nur77 is a potential target for the treatment of cancer such as HCC. Herein, we detailed the discovery of a novel series of 5-((8-methoxy-2-methylquinolin-4-yl)amino)-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide derivatives as potential Nur77 modulators. The studies of antiproliferative activity and Nur77-binding affinity of target compounds resulted in the discovery of a lead candidate (10g), which was a good Nur77 binder (KD = 3.58 ± 0.16 μM) with a broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity against all tested hepatoma cells (IC50 < 2.0 μM) and was low toxic to normal LO2 cells. 10g could up-regulate Nur77 expression and mediate sub-cellular localization of Nur77 to induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, which relied on 10g inducing Nur77-dependent autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress as the upstream of apoptosis. Moreover, the in vivo assays verified that 10g significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth. These results indicate that 10g has the potential to be developed as a novel Nur77-targeting anti-hepatoma drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baicun Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kaiqiang Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fengming He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zongxin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shunzhi Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jiangang Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Qiaoqiong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Meijuan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Jinzhang Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Zhen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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15
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Re CJ, Batterman AI, Gerstner JR, Buono RJ, Ferraro TN. The Molecular Genetic Interaction Between Circadian Rhythms and Susceptibility to Seizures and Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2020; 11:520. [PMID: 32714261 PMCID: PMC7344275 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizure patterns observed in patients with epilepsy suggest that circadian rhythms and sleep/wake mechanisms play some role in the disease. This review addresses key topics in the relationship between circadian rhythms and seizures in epilepsy. We present basic information on circadian biology, but focus on research studying the influence of both the time of day and the sleep/wake cycle as independent but related factors on the expression of seizures in epilepsy. We review studies investigating how seizures and epilepsy disrupt expression of core clock genes, and how disruption of clock mechanisms impacts seizures and the development of epilepsy. We focus on the overlap between mechanisms of circadian-associated changes in SCN neuronal excitability and mechanisms of epileptogenesis as a means of identifying key pathways and molecules that could represent new targets or strategies for epilepsy therapy. Finally, we review the concept of chronotherapy and provide a perspective regarding its application to patients with epilepsy based on their individual characteristics (i.e., being a “morning person” or a “night owl”). We conclude that better understanding of the relationship between circadian rhythms, neuronal excitability, and seizures will allow both the identification of new therapeutic targets for treating epilepsy as well as more effective treatment regimens using currently available pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Re
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Alexander I Batterman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Jason R Gerstner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Russell J Buono
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Thomas N Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
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16
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Grover G, Nath R, Bhatia R, Akhtar MJ. Synthetic and therapeutic perspectives of nitrogen containing heterocycles as anti-convulsants. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115585. [PMID: 32631563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the commonly prevailing neurological disorders. According to the reports, it is evident that about 80% of the epileptic cases have been observed in developing countries. Although there are many drugs with significant potency available in the market; still there is an issue of selectivity and toxicity. Therefore, continuous attempts have been made by the researchers to develop newer therapeutic agents against epilepsy. Many synthetic strategies have been available in the literature to synthesize various classes of anticonvulsants with promising activity. In the presented review, authors have summarized some newer synthetic routes being used for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing anticonvulsants taking a cue from the reported established anticonvulsant drugs viz. vigabatrin, sodium valproate, oxcarbazepine, felbamate, retigabine, and gabapentin. Various derivatives with the substitution for better anticonvulsant profile have been described in the figures for easy comparative study. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of compounds with maximum potency has also been discussed. This article may serve as a boost for the researchers to modify the pre-existing synthetic routes as well as to improve potency and yield of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Grover
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rajarshi Nath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab, India.
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17
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Jia Y, Wen X, Gong Y, Wang X. Current scenario of indole derivatives with potential anti-drug-resistant cancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112359. [PMID: 32531682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy is frequently hampered by drug resistance, so the resistance to anticancer agents represents one of the major obstacles for the effective cancer treatment. Indole derivatives have the potential to act on diverse targets in cancer cells and exhibit promising activity against drug-resistant cancers. Moreover, some indole-containing compounds such as Semaxanib, Sunitinib, Vinorelbine, and Vinblastine have already been applied in clinics for various kinds of cancer even drug-resistant cancer therapy. Thus, indole derivatives are one of significant resources for the development of novel anti-drug-resistant cancer agents. This review focuses on the recent development of indole derivatives with potential therapeutic application for drug-resistant cancers, and the mechanisms of action, the critical aspects of design as well as structure-activity relationships, covering articles published from 2010 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshu Jia
- Chongqing Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, 400056, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wen
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Yufeng Gong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Surgery, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhejiang Province, 311800, China.
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18
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Li B, Zhu F, He F, Huang Q, Liu X, Wu T, Zhao T, Qiu Y, Wu Z, Xue Y, Fang M. Synthesis and biological evaluations of N′-substituted methylene-4-(quinoline-4-amino) benzoylhydrazides as potential anti-hepatoma agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Tchekalarova J, Angelova VT, Todorova N, Andreeva-Gateva P, Rangelov M. Evaluation of the anticonvulsant effect of novel melatonin derivatives in the intravenous pentylenetetrazol seizure test in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172684. [PMID: 31545983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The design of new pharmacologically active compounds with affinity to melatonin receptors has become an area of great interest during the last decade. Recently, we reported that newly synthesized melatonin derivatives, containing aroylhydrazone moiety in the indole scaffold, with the highest affinity to the elaborated pharmacophore model, possess an anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock (MES) and 6Hz test in mice. We aimed further to explore the effect of these melatonin derivatives and the role of melatonin receptors on seizure threshold measured by the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole (iv PTZ) infusion test in mice. Carbamazepine (CBZ) and melatonin were used as positive controls. Three out of six compounds, 3c, 3f, and 3e, respectively, dose-dependently increased the PTZ-induced seizure thresholds for myoclonic twitch, clonic, and tonic seizures comparable to the effect of CBZ and melatonin. The anticonvulsant effect of 3c, 3f, and 3e was blocked by the non-selective melatonin receptor antagonist luzindol suggesting the involvement of melatonin receptors in the activity of these compounds. Also docking study of 3c, 3f and 3e in the melatonin-binding site of melatonin receptor confirm the possible mechanism of action of these compounds involving melatonin receptors. Our previous and present results suggest that 3c, 3f, and 3e can be considered promising agents with anticonvulsant activity on melatonin receptors in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Bulgaria.
| | | | | | | | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with a Center of Phytochemistry, BAS, Bulgaria
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