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Jarzyński S, Rapacz A, Dziubina A, Pękala E, Popiół J, Piska K, Wojtulewski S, Rudolf B. Mechanochemical synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 3-aminopyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115749. [PMID: 37879208 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 3-aminopyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives was synthesized and tested for anticonvulsant activity. Succinimide derivatives were obtained from a simple solvent-based reaction and a mechanochemical aza-Michael reaction of maleimide or its N-substituted derivatives with selected amines. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by spectroscopic methods (NMR, FT-IR, HPLC, ESI-MS, EA and XRD for four compounds). The cytotoxic activity of the succinimide derivatives was evaluated using HepG2 cells for hepatocytotoxicity and SH-SY5Y cells for neurocytotoxicity. None of the studied compounds showed hepatocytotoxicity and two showed neurocytotoxicity. Initial anticonvulsant screening was performed in mice using the psychomotor seizure test (6 Hz, 32 mA). The selected compounds were evaluated in the following acute models of epilepsy: the maximal electroshock test, psychomotor seizure test (6 Hz, 44 mA), subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure test, and acute neurotoxicity (rotarod test). The most active compound 3-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione revealed antiseizure activity in all seizure models (including pharmacoresistant seizures) and showed better median effective doses (ED50) and protective index values than the reference compound, ethosuximide. Furthermore, 3-(benzylamino)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione and 3-(phenylamino)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione exhibited antiseizure activity in the 6 Hz and MES tests, and 3-(butylamino)-1-phenylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione and 3-(benzylamino)-1-phenylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione exhibited antiseizure activity in the 6 Hz test. All active compounds demonstrated low in vivo neurotoxicity in the rotarod test and yielded favourable protective indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Jarzyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Dziubina
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Popiół
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Piska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wojtulewski
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bogna Rudolf
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
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Khan Y, Khan S, Hussain R, Maalik A, Rehman W, Attwa MW, Masood R, Darwish HW, Ghabbour HA. The Synthesis, In Vitro Bio-Evaluation, and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Pyrazoline-Thiazole Hybrid Analogues as Promising Anti-α-Glucosidase and Anti-Urease Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1650. [PMID: 38139777 PMCID: PMC10747725 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a concise library of benzothiazole-derived pyrazoline-based thiazole (1-17) was designed and synthesized by employing a multistep reaction strategy. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their α-glucosidase and urease inhibitory activities. The scaffolds (1-17) were characterized using a combination of several spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and EI-MS. The majority of the synthesized compounds demonstrated a notable potency against α-glucosidase and urease enzymes. These analogues disclosed varying degrees of α-glucosidase and urease inhibitory activities, with their IC50 values ranging from 2.50 to 17.50 μM (α-glucosidase) and 14.30 to 41.50 (urease). Compounds 6, 7, 14, and 12, with IC50 values of 2.50, 3.20, 3.40, and 3.50 μM as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 5.30 µM), while the same compounds showed 14.30, 19.20, 21.80, and 22.30 comparable with thiourea (IC50 = 31.40 μM), respectively, showed excellent inhibitory activity. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the size and electron-donating or electron-withdrawing effects of substituents influenced the enzymatic activities such as α-glucosidase and urease. Compound 6 was a dual potent inhibitor against α-glucosidase and urease due to the presence of -CF3 electron-withdrawing functionality on the phenyl ring. To the best of our knowledge, these synthetic compounds were found to be the most potent dual inhibitors of α-glucosidase and urease with minimum IC50 values. Moreover, in silico studies on most active compounds, i.e., 6, 7, 14, and 12, were also performed to understand the binding interaction of most active compounds with active sites of α-glucosidase and urease enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22500, Pakistan;
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Aneela Maalik
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.)
| | - Rafia Masood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.)
| | - Hazem A. Ghabbour
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia;
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Raghu M, Swarup H, Prathibha B, Kumar KY, Kumar CBP, Alharti FA, Prashanth M, Jeon BH. Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of 5,6-difluoro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives as effective binders to GABAA receptor with potent anticonvulsant activity. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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4-[Bis(thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl]phenol. MOLBANK 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/m1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized novel bis-thiazole derivative. A 4-[bis(thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl]phenol was efficiently prepared in 71% yield by the reaction of 2-aminothiazole with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in ethanol for 24 h. The structure of newly obtained compound was characterized by 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Bis-thiazole derivative exhibits high tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 29.71 μM. This inhibitory activity is 2.4 times higher than that of activity of kojic acid (IC50 72.27 µM) and almost 13 times higher than that of ascorbic acid (IC50 385.6 µM). Obtained data suggest that the presented compound may be a leading candidate for a tyrosinase inhibitor.
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5
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Spectrofluorimetric and Computational Investigation of New Phthalimide Derivatives towards Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibition and Antiproliferative Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010110. [PMID: 36613577 PMCID: PMC9820738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, nine phthalimide-based thiazoles (4a-4i) were synthesized and investigated as new human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors using spectrofluorimetric and computational methods. The most active compounds containing 4-trifluoromethyl (4c), 4-naphthyl (4e) and 2,4,6-trichloro (4h) substituents in the phenyl ring exhibited high HNE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 12.98-16.62 µM. Additionally, compound 4c exhibited mixed mechanism of action. Computational investigation provided a consistent picture of the ligand-receptor pattern of inter-actions, common for the whole considered group of compounds. Moreover, compounds 4b, 4c, 4d and 4f showed high antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells lines MV4-11, and A549 with IC50 values of 8.21 to 25.57 µM. Additionally, compound 4g showed high activity against MDA-MB-231 and UMUC-3 with IC50 values of 9.66 and 19.81 µM, respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis showed that the most active compound 4c demonstrated high stability under physiological conditions.
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Singh A, Malhotra D, Singh K, Chadha R, Bedi PMS. Thiazole derivatives in medicinal chemistry: Recent advancements in synthetic strategies, structure activity relationship and pharmacological outcomes. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Synthesis, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities of Thiazolyl-Pyrazoline Schiff Base Hybrids: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3717826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazole-pyrazoline Schiff base hybrids have a broad range of pharmacological potential with an ability to control the activity of numerous metabolic enzymes. In this work, a greener and more efficient approach has been developed to synthesize a novel series of thiazole-pyrazoline Schiff base hybrids using ZnO nanoparticle-assisted protocol in good to excellent yields (78.3–96.9%) and examined their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as their antioxidant activity. Compound 24 (IZD = 18.67 ± 0.58) displayed better activity against P. aeruginosa compared with amoxicillin (IZD = 14.33 ± 2.52) at 250 μg/mL, whereas compounds 22 and 24 (IZD = 13.33 ± 0.58 mm and 17.00 ± 1.00 mm, respectively) showed better activity against E. coli compared with amoxicillin (IZD = 14.67 ± 0.58 mm) at 500 μg/mL. The remaining compounds showed moderate to weak activity against the tested bacterial strains. Compound 21 displayed significant inhibition of DPPH (IC50 = 4.63 μg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid (IC50 = 3.21 μg/mL). Compound 21 displayed 80.01 ± 0.07% inhibition of peroxide formation, suggesting its potential in preventing the formation of lipid peroxides. The results of the ADMET study showed that all synthesized compounds obeyed Lipinski's rule of five. In silico pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that compound 24 had superior intestinal absorption compared with amoxicillin. In silico molecular docking analysis revealed a binding affinity of −9.9 Kcal/mol for compound 24 against PqsA compared with amoxicillin (−7.3 Kcal/mol), whereas compounds 22 and 24 displayed higher binding affinity (−8.5 and −7.9 Kcal/mol, respectively) with DNA gyrase B compared with amoxicillin (-7.1 Kcal/mol), in good agreement with in vitro antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli. In silico toxicity study showed that all synthesized compounds had LD50 (mg/kg) values ranging from 800 to 1,000 putting them in ProTox-II class 4. The in vitro antibacterial activity and molecular docking analysis showed that compound 24 is a promising antibacterial therapeutic agent against P. aeruginosa and E. coli and compound 22 is a promising antibacterial agent against E. coli, whereas compound 21 is found to be a potential natural antioxidant agent. Moreover, the green synthesis approach using ZnO nanoparticle as catalyst was found to be a very efficient method to synthesize biologically active thiazole-pyrazoline Schiff base hybrids compared with the conventional method.
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Jorea A, Ravelli D, Romarowski RM, Marconi S, Auricchio F, Fagnoni M. Photocatalyzed Functionalization of Alkenoic Acids in 3D-Printed Reactors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200898. [PMID: 35695876 PMCID: PMC9543820 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The valorization of alkenoic acids possibly deriving from biomass (fumaric and citraconic acids) was carried out through conversion in important building blocks, such as γ-keto acids and succinic acid derivatives. The functionalization was carried out by addition onto the C=C double bond of radicals generated under photocatalyzed conditions from suitable hydrogen donors (mainly aldehydes) and by adopting a decatungstate salt as the photocatalyst. Syntheses were performed under batch (in a glass vessel) and flow (by using 3D-printed reactors) conditions. The design of the latter reactors allowed for an improved yield and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jorea
- Department of Clinical Surgery, Diagnostics and PediatricsFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoViale Brambilla 7427100PaviaItaly
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
| | - Rodrigo M. Romarowski
- Computational Mechanics and Advanced Materials GroupUniversity of PaviaVia Ferrata 327100PaviaItaly
| | - Stefania Marconi
- Computational Mechanics and Advanced Materials GroupUniversity of PaviaVia Ferrata 327100PaviaItaly
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Computational Mechanics and Advanced Materials GroupUniversity of PaviaVia Ferrata 327100PaviaItaly
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaViale Taramelli 1227100PaviaItaly
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Arshad MF, Alam A, Alshammari AA, Alhazza MB, Alzimam IM, Alam MA, Mustafa G, Ansari MS, Alotaibi AM, Alotaibi AA, Kumar S, Asdaq SMB, Imran M, Deb PK, Venugopala KN, Jomah S. Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133994. [PMID: 35807236 PMCID: PMC9268695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry. The thiazole ring consists of sulfur and nitrogen in such a fashion that the pi (π) electrons are free to move from one bond to other bonds rendering aromatic ring properties. On account of its aromaticity, the ring has many reactive positions where donor–acceptor, nucleophilic, oxidation reactions, etc., may take place. Molecules containing a thiazole ring, when entering physiological systems, behave unpredictably and reset the system differently. These molecules may activate/stop the biochemical pathways and enzymes or stimulate/block the receptors in the biological systems. Therefore, medicinal chemists have been focusing their efforts on thiazole-bearing compounds in order to develop novel therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions. This review attempts to inform the readers on three major classes of thiazole-bearing molecules: Thiazoles as treatment drugs, thiazoles in clinical trials, and thiazoles in preclinical and developmental stages. A compilation of preclinical and developmental thiazole-bearing molecules is presented, focusing on their brief synthetic description and preclinical studies relating to structure-based activity analysis. The authors expect that the current review may succeed in drawing the attention of medicinal chemists to finding new leads, which may later be translated into new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. Arshad
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, U-13, Near Badi Masjid, Pulpehlad Pur, New Delhi 110044, India;
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Ayed Alshammari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Bader Alhazza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed Alzimam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.B.A.); (I.M.A.)
| | - Md Anish Alam
- Department of Research and Scientific Communications, Isthmus Research and Publishing House, U-13, Near Badi Masjid, Pulpehlad Pur, New Delhi 110044, India;
| | - Gulam Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Salahuddin Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulelah M. Alotaibi
- Internee, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alotaibi
- Internee, College of Pharmacy (Al-Dawadmi Campus), Shaqra University, Riyadh 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Drug Regulatory Affair, Department, Pharma Beistand, New Delhi 110017, India;
| | - Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.F.A.); or (S.M.B.A.); (M.I.)
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan;
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Shahamah Jomah
- Pharmacy Department, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia;
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Tabatabaei Rafiei LS, Asadi M, Hosseini FS, Amanlou A, Biglar M, Amanlou M. Synthesis and Evaluation of Anti-Epileptic Properties of New Phthalimide-4,5-Dihydrothiazole-Amide Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1776345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sadat Tabatabaei Rafiei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Amanlou
- Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Biglar
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cong Y, Du C, Xing K, Bian Y, Li X, Wang M. Investigation on co-solvency, solvent effect, Hansen solubility parameter and preferential solvation of fenbufen dissolution and models correlation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Vellingiri A, Murugan D, Gnana Kumar G, Alagusundaram P. An elegant and efficient synthesis of heterocycles integrated with
bis
‐
N
‐acyl
pyrazoline and
bis
‐1, 2,
3‐triazole
via a green synthetic methodology. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinesh Murugan
- School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai India
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Biernasiuk A, Berecka-Rycerz A, Gumieniczek A, Malm M, Łączkowski KZ, Szymańska J, Malm A. The newly synthesized thiazole derivatives as potential antifungal compounds against Candida albicans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6355-6367. [PMID: 34410437 PMCID: PMC8374424 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Recently, the occurrence of candidiasis has increased dramatically, especially in immunocompromised patients. Additionally, their treatment is often ineffective due to the resistance of yeasts to antimycotics. Therefore, there is a need to search for new antifungals. A series of nine newly synthesized thiazole derivatives containing the cyclopropane system, showing promising activity against Candida spp., has been further investigated. We decided to verify their antifungal activity towards clinical Candida albicans isolated from the oral cavity of patients with hematological malignancies and investigate the mode of action on fungal cell, the effect of combination with the selected antimycotics, toxicity to erythrocytes, and lipophilicity. These studies were performed by the broth microdilution method, test with sorbitol and ergosterol, checkerboard technique, erythrocyte lysis assay, and reversed phase thin-layer chromatography, respectively. All derivatives showed very strong activity (similar and even higher than nystatin) against all C. albicans isolates with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.008–7.81 µg/mL Their mechanism of action may be related to action within the fungal cell wall structure and/or within the cell membrane. The interactions between the derivatives and the selected antimycotics (nystatin, chlorhexidine, and thymol) showed additive effect only in the case of combination some of them and thymol. The erythrocyte lysis assay confirmed the low cytotoxicity of these compounds as compared to nystatin. The high lipophilicity of the derivatives was related with their high antifungal activity. The present studies confirm that the studied thiazole derivatives containing the cyclopropane system appear to be a very promising group of compounds in treatment of infections caused by C. albicans. However, this requires further studies in vivo. Key points • The newly thiazoles showed high antifungal activity and some of them — additive effect in combination with thymol. • Their mode of action may be related with the influence on the structure of the fungal cell wall and/or the cell membrane. • The low cytotoxicity against erythrocytes and high lipophilicity of these derivatives are their additional good properties. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11477-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Biernasiuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Berecka-Rycerz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Gumieniczek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria Malm
- Department of Medicinal Informatics and Statistics with E-Learning Lab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, Lublin, 20-090, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Z Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Szymańska
- Department of Integrated Paediatric Dentistry, Chair of Integrated Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lubartowska 58, 20-94, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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Biernasiuk A, Banasiewicz A, Masłyk M, Martyna A, Janeczko M, Baranowska-Łączkowska A, Malm A, Łączkowski KZ. Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Novel Dicyclopropyl-Thiazole Compounds as Nontoxic and Promising Antifungals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3500. [PMID: 34201678 PMCID: PMC8269541 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to search for new antifungals, especially for the treatment of the invasive Candida infections, caused mainly by C. albicans. These infections are steadily increasing at an alarming rate, mostly among immunocompromised patients. The newly synthesized compounds (3a-3k) were characterized by physicochemical parameters and investigated for antimicrobial activity using the microdilution broth method to estimate minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Additionally, their antibiofilm activity and mode of action together with the effect on the membrane permeability in C. albicans were investigated. Biofilm biomass and its metabolic activity were quantitatively measured using crystal violet (CV) staining and tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay. The cytotoxic effect on normal human lung fibroblasts and haemolytic effect were also evaluated. The results showed differential activity of the compounds against yeasts (MIC = 0.24-500 µg/mL) and bacteria (MIC = 125-1000 µg/mL). Most compounds possessed strong antifungal activity (MIC = 0.24-7.81 µg/mL). The compounds 3b, 3c and 3e, showed no inhibitory (at 1/2 × MIC) and eradication (at 8 × MIC) effect on C. albicans biofilm. Only slight decrease in the biofilm metabolic activity was observed for compound 3b. Moreover, the studied compounds increased the permeability of the membrane/cell wall of C. albicans and their mode of action may be related to action within the fungal cell wall structure and/or within the cell membrane. It is worth noting that the compounds had no cytotoxicity effect on pulmonary fibroblasts and erythrocytes at concentrations showing anticandidal activity. The present studies in vitro confirm that these derivatives appear to be a very promising group of antifungals for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Biernasiuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Banasiewicz
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (K.Z.Ł.)
| | - Maciej Masłyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1i, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Aleksandra Martyna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1i, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Monika Janeczko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1i, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.)
| | | | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Z. Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.B.); (K.Z.Ł.)
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15
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Petrou A, Fesatidou M, Geronikaki A. Thiazole Ring-A Biologically Active Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:3166. [PMID: 34070661 PMCID: PMC8198555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazole is a good pharmacophore nucleus due to its various pharmaceutical applications. Its derivatives have a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial including antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiallergic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychotic. Indeed, the thiazole scaffold is contained in more than 18 FDA-approved drugs as well as in numerous experimental drugs. OBJECTIVE To summarize recent literature on the biological activities of thiazole ring-containing compounds Methods: A literature survey regarding the topics from the year 2015 up to now was carried out. Older publications were not included, since they were previously analyzed in available peer reviews. RESULTS Nearly 124 research articles were found, critically analyzed, and arranged regarding the synthesis and biological activities of thiazoles derivatives in the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (M.F.)
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16
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Zhi W, Du X, Li Y, Wang C, Sun T, Zong S, Liu Q, Hu K, Liu Y, Zhang H. Proteome profiling reveals the efficacy and targets of sophocarpine against asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107348. [PMID: 33857804 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sophocarpine (SPC) as a quinolizidine alkaloid displays powerful effects on inflammatory diseases through regulating multiple targets. Asthma is a complex heterogeneous and inflammatory disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Here we established a mice asthma model and investigated the effect of SPC. Mice induced by ovalbumin (OVA) exhibits exacerbated Th1/Th2 immune imbalance and allergic lung inflammation. SPC treatment regulated Th1/Th2 cytokines production (IL-4, IL-5 and INF-γ) in BALF, reduced IgE level in serum, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, and improved the lung tissue pathology. Proteomic results showed that 5064 proteins in lung tissue were detected and among them 223 preliminary therapeutic targets of SPC were selected. Subsequently, excluding non-human genes, 109 targets with established crystal structures were harvested. Meanwhile, the molecular docking results showed that the binding energy of 87 targets with SPC was varied from -9.72 kcal/mol to 227.16 kcal/mol. Further, SPC suppressed arrb2, anxa1, myd88 and sphk1 expression and activated p-stat1. All of the five targets based on the screened results of proteomics and molecular docking are critical in allergic asthma. Thus, our data revealed that SPC alleviated bronchial asthma via targeting multi-targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Zhi
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an 710003, PR China
| | - Xia Du
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an 710003, PR China
| | - Ye Li
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an 710003, PR China
| | - Chunliu Wang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an 710003, PR China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an 710003, PR China
| | - Shiyu Zong
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an 710003, PR China
| | - Qiqi Liu
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Kai Hu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an 710003, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an 710003, PR China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Xi'an 710003, PR China.
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Desai NC, Harsora JP, Monapara JD, Khedkar VM. Synthesis, Antimicrobial Capability and Molecular Docking of Heterocyclic Scaffolds Clubbed by 2-Azetidinone, Thiazole and Quinoline Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1877747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth C. Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry (DST-FIST Sponsored & UGC NON-SAP), Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jalpa P. Harsora
- Chemistry Department, Shri M. P. Shah Arts and Science College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jahnvi D. Monapara
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry (DST-FIST Sponsored & UGC NON-SAP), Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay M. Khedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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18
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Piechowska K, Mizerska-Kowalska M, Zdzisińska B, Cytarska J, Baranowska-Łączkowska A, Jaroch K, Łuczykowski K, Płaziński W, Bojko B, Kruszewski S, Misiura K, Łączkowski KZ. Tropinone-Derived Alkaloids as Potent Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Tyrosinase Inhibition, Mechanism of Action, DFT Calculation, and Molecular Docking Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239050. [PMID: 33260768 PMCID: PMC7731314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of hybrid compounds with tropinone and thiazole rings in the structure was designed and synthesized as potential anticancer agents. They were tested against human multiple myeloma (RPMI 8226), lung carcinoma (A549), breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231), and mouse skin melanoma (B16-F10) cell lines. Toxicity was tested on human normal skin fibroblasts (HSF) and normal colon fibroblasts (CCD-18Co). The growth inhibition mechanism of the most active derivative was analyzed through investigation of its effect on the distribution of cell cycle phases and ability to induce apoptosis and necrosis in RPMI 8226 and A549 cancer cells. The tyrosinase inhibitory potential was assessed, followed by molecular docking studies. Compounds 3a–3h show high anticancer activity against MDA-MB-231 and B16-F10 cell lines with IC50 values of 1.51–3.03 µM. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the investigated compounds against HSF and CCD-18Co cells was 8–70 times lower than against the cancer cells or no toxicity was shown in our tests, with derivative 3a being particularly successful. The mechanism of action of compound 3a in RPMI 8226 cell was shown to be through induction of cell death through apoptosis. The derivatives show ability to inhibit the tyrosinase activity with a mixed mechanism of inhibition. The final molecular docking results showed for IC50 distinct correlation with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piechowska
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.P.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Magdalena Mizerska-Kowalska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Barbara Zdzisińska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Joanna Cytarska
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.P.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | | | - Karol Jaroch
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.J.); (K.Ł.); (B.B.)
| | - Kamil Łuczykowski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.J.); (K.Ł.); (B.B.)
| | - Wojciech Płaziński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.J.); (K.Ł.); (B.B.)
| | - Stefan Kruszewski
- Medical Physics Division, Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jagiellońska 13, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Konrad Misiura
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.P.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Krzysztof Z. Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.P.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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A review on the synthesis and applications of molecules as anticonvulsant drug agent candidates. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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