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Jang YS, Lee DE, Hong JH, Kim KA, Kim B, Cho YR, Ra MJ, Jung SM, Yu JN, An S, Kim KH. Phytochemical Investigation of Marker Compounds from Indigenous Korean Salix Species and Their Antimicrobial Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:104. [PMID: 36616234 PMCID: PMC9824127 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salix species, including willow trees, are distributed in the temperate regions of Asian countries, including South Korea. Willow trees are used to treat pain and inflammatory diseases. Due to the medicinal properties of willow trees, pharmacological studies of other Salix spp. have gained attention; however, only a few studies have investigated the phytochemicals of these species. As part of our ongoing natural product research to identify bioactive phytochemicals and elucidate their chemical structures from natural resources, we investigated the marker compounds from indigenous Korean Salix species, namely, Salix triandra, S. chaenomeloides, S. gracilistyla, S. koriyanagi, S. koreensis, S. pseudolasiogyne, S. caprea, and S. rorida. The ethanolic extract of each Salix sp. was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry-based analysis, and marker compounds of each Salix sp. were isolated. The chemical structures of the marker compounds (1−8), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 2-O-acetylsalicin (2), 1-O-p-coumaroyl glucoside (3), picein (4), isograndidentatin B (5), 2′-O-acetylsalicortin (6), dihydromyricetin (7), and salicin (8) were elucidated via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a G6545B Q-TOF MS system with a dual electrospray ionization source. The identified marker compounds 1−8 were examined for their antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Dihydromyricetin (7) exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, inducing 32.4% inhibition at a final concentration of 125 μg/mL with an MIC50 value of 250 μg/mL. Overall, this study isolated the marker compounds of S. triandra, S. chaenomeloides, S. gracilistyla, S. koriyanagi, S. koreensis, S. pseudolasiogyne, S. caprea, and S. rorida and identified the anti-Staphylococcus aureus bacterial compound dihydromyricetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seo Jang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Rang Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Jin Ra
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon-gun 25142, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Jung
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon-gun 25142, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Nam Yu
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongpil An
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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2
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Lee BS, So HM, Kim S, Kim JK, Kim JC, Kang DM, Ahn MJ, Ko YJ, Kim KH. Comparative evaluation of bioactive phytochemicals in Spinacia oleracea cultivated under greenhouse and open field conditions. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:795-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Lee BS, Ryoo R, Park JS, Choi SU, Jeong SY, Ko YJ, Kim JK, Kim JC, Kim KH. Meyeroguilline E, a New Isoindolinone Alkaloid from the Poisonous Mushroom Chlorophyllum molybdites, and Identification of Compounds with Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Reversal Activities. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39456-39462. [PMID: 36340132 PMCID: PMC9631746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three isoindolinone alkaloids (1-3), including one new isoindolinone-type alkaloid, meyeroguilline E (1), and six other known compounds (4-9) were isolated from the poisonous mushroom Chlorophyllum molybdites (Agaricaceae). The structure of the new compound was determined using extensive spectroscopic analyses via one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR data interpretation and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). To the best of our knowledge, compound 1 is the first example of a natural isoindolinone with a butanoic acid moiety, and this study is the first to detect the other known compounds (2-9) in C. molybdites. The isolated compounds (1-9) were examined for their multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity against MES-SA, MES-SA/DX5, HCT15, and HCT15/CL02 human cancer cells. Based on the results, 20 μM of compounds 3 and 6 slightly potentiated paclitaxel (TAX)-induced cytotoxicity in MES-SA/DX5, HCT15, and HCT15/CL02 cells; however, the compounds had no effect on the cytotoxicity against MES-SA and nonMDR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Soo Lee
- School
of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Rhim Ryoo
- Special
Forest Products Division, Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Song Park
- Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yun Jeong
- School
of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- Laboratory
of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, National Center for Inter-University
Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National
University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- KIST Gangneung
Institute of Natural Products, Natural Product
Research Center, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School
of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
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4
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Choi YJ, Alishir A, Jang T, Kang KS, Lee S, Kim KH. Antiskin Aging Effects of Indole Alkaloid N-Glycoside from Ginkgo Fruit ( Ginkgo biloba fruit) on TNF-α-Exposed Human Dermal Fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13651-13660. [PMID: 36251736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human skin aging has internal and external factors, both of which are characterized by TNF-α overproduction. Therefore, we aimed to identify a natural product that suppresses the damage that occurs in cutaneous dermal fibroblasts exposed to TNF-α. The protective effects of the indole alkaloid N-glycoside, ginkgoside B dimethyl ester (GBDE), isolated from ginkgo fruit (Ginkgo biloba fruit) were evaluated in TNF-α stimulated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). GBDE inhibited TNF-α-induced MMP-1 expression to 2.2 ± 0.1-fold (p < 0.01) and reversed the decrease in collagen levels to 0.4 ± 0.00-fold (p < 0.01) at 50 μM. The effect of GBDE was due to the suppression of the phospolylaton of MAPKs (ERK, 0.47 ± 0.05; JNK, 1.21 ± 0.07; p38, 0.77 ± 0.07-folds, p < 0.001) and Akt (0.14 ± 0.03-fold, p < 0.001) compared to the TNF-α group. GBDE also reduced the expression of COX-2 to 2.06 ± 0.12-fold (p < 0.001) and increased the expression of HO-1 to 10.64 ± 0.2-fold (p < 0.001). In addition, GBDE inhibited the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, 2.2 ± 0.0; IL-1β, 1.6 ± 0.0; IL-6, 2.0 ± 0.10-folds, p < 0.05). These results provide experimental evidence that GBDE can protect against skin damage, including aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea Jung Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Akida Alishir
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesu Jang
- Health Administration, Dankook University, Cheonan31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sullim Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
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Zhang D, Li S, Fan M, Zhao C. The Novel Compounds with Biological Activity Derived from Soil Fungi in the Past Decade. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3493-3555. [PMID: 36248243 PMCID: PMC9553542 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s377921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary metabolites isolated from soil fungi have received more and more attention, especially new compounds that exhibited good biological activities. In this review, a total of 546 new compounds are included in the relevant literature since 2011. The new compounds are isolated from soil fungi, We divided these compounds into seven categories, including alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, ketones, phenylpropanoids, quinones, esters, lactones, etc. In addition, the biological activities and structure-activity relationships of these compounds have also been fully discussed. The activities of these compounds are roughly divided into eight categories, including anticancer activity, antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, antiviral activity, antimalarial activity, immunosuppressive activity and other activities. Since natural products are an important source of new drugs, this review may have a positive guiding effect on drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Zhang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shoujie Li
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohan Fan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changqi Zhao
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Changqi Zhao, Tel +86-5880-5046, Email
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Kang H, Lee D, Kang KS, Kim KH. A New Labdane-Type Diterpene, 6-O-Acetyl-(12R)-epiblumdane, from Stevia rebaudiana Leaves with Insulin Secretion Effect. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040839. [PMID: 35453589 PMCID: PMC9026343 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae), commonly known as candyleaf, sweetleaf, or sugarleaf, is a branched bushy shrub whose leaves are used as a natural sweetener owing to the high content of sweet diterpenes. As part of our ongoing work to identify structurally novel and bioactive natural products, phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extract of S. rebaudiana leaves led to the isolation of one new labdane-type diterpene, 6-O-acetyl-(12R)-epiblumdane (1), and nine known terpenoids, including six diterpenes (2–6 and 10), two monoterpenes (7 and 8), and one triterpene (9). The structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated via analysis of one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data, and its absolute configuration was established using electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and gauge-including atomic orbital NMR chemical shift calculations, followed by DP4 + probability analysis. The isolated compounds 1–10 were evaluated for their effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the INS-1 rat pancreatic β-cell line. The new compound 1, 6-O-acetyl-(12R)-epiblumdane, stimulated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells without inducing cytotoxicity. Thus, 6-O-acetyl-(12R)-epiblumdane (1), an active compound derived from S. rebaudiana leaves, can be used as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.S.K.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.S.K.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
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Rollins RL, Qader M, Gosnell WL, Wang C, Cao S, Cowie RH. A validated high-throughput method for assaying rat lungworm ( Angiostrongylus cantonensis) motility when challenged with potentially anthelmintic natural products from Hawaiian fungi. Parasitology 2022; 149:1-28. [PMID: 35236524 PMCID: PMC9440163 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes devastate human and animal health. The limited number of anthelmintics available is concerning, especially because of increasing drug resistance. Anthelmintics are commonly derived from natural products, e.g. fungi and plants. This investigation aimed to develop a high-throughput whole organism screening method based on a motility assay using the wMicroTracker system. Anthelmintic activity of extracts from Hawaiian fungi was screened against third-stage larvae of the parasitic nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis , categorized according to the degree of motility reduction. Of the 108 crude samples and fractionated products, 48 showed some level of activity, with 13 reducing motility to 0–25% of the maximum exhibited, including two pure compounds, emethacin B and epicoccin E, neither previously known to exhibit anthelmintic properties. The process of bioassay-guided fractionation is illustrated in detail based on analysis of one of the crude extracts, which led to isolation of lamellicolic anhydride, a compound with moderate activity. This study validates the wMicroTracker system as an economical and high-throughput option for testing large suites of natural products against A. cantonensis , adds to the short list of diverse parasites for which it has been validated and highlights the value of A. cantonensis and Hawaiian fungi for discovery of new anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi L. Rollins
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI96822, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI96822, USA
| | - Mallique Qader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI96720, USA
| | - William L. Gosnell
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI96813, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI96720, USA
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI96720, USA
| | - Robert H. Cowie
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI96822, USA
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8
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Yu JS, Jeong SY, Li C, Oh T, Kwon M, Ahn JS, Ko SK, Ko YJ, Cao S, Kim KH. New phenalenone derivatives from the Hawaiian volcanic soil-associated fungus Penicillium herquei FT729 and their inhibitory effects on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:105-113. [PMID: 35201589 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Phenalenone derivatives sourced from fungi are polyketides that have attracted significant interest because of their diverse chemical structures and potential bioactivities. As part of our ongoing quest to discover novel natural products with biological properties from diverse natural resources, three unreported phenalenone derivatives (1-3), named ent-12-methoxyisoherqueinone (1), (-)-scleroamide (2), and (+)-scleroamide (3), together with four known phenalenone derivatives, ent-atrovenetinone (4), isoherqueinone (5), herqueinone (6), and ent-peniciherquinone (7) were isolated from the Hawaiian soil fungus Penicillium herquei FT729, collected on the Big Island, Hawaii. Compounds 2 and 3 were enantiomers, which were separated using a chiral-phase HPLC column, which provided optically pure compounds 2 and 3. The structures of the novel compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution ESIMS. Their absolute configurations were determined using quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The inhibitory activity of the isolated compounds (1-7) against indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) was assessed. Compounds 1, 5-7 inhibited IDO1, with IC50 values of 32.59, 36.86, 19.05, and 24.18 μM, respectively. These findings demonstrated that the phenalenone derivatives 1 and 5-7, as IDO1 inhibitors, are promising anticancer immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.,New Material Development Team, COSMAX BIO Ltd., 255 Pangyo-ro, Bungdang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yun Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunshun Li
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Taehoon Oh
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Mincheol Kwon
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Chouchène N, Toumi A, Boudriga S, Edziri H, Sobeh M, Abdelfattah MAO, Askri M, Knorr M, Strohmann C, Brieger L, Soldera A. Antimicrobial Activity and DFT Studies of a Novel Set of Spiropyrrolidines Tethered with Thiochroman-4-one/Chroman-4-one Scaffolds. Molecules 2022; 27:582. [PMID: 35163847 PMCID: PMC8839074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 14 spiropyrrolidines bearing thiochroman-4-one/chroman-4-one, and oxindole/acenaphthylene-1,2-dione moieties were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques, as well as by three X-ray diffraction studies, corroborating the stereochemistry. Quantum chemical calculations studies, using the DFT approach, were performed to rationalize the stereochemical outcome. These N-heterocycles were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against some pathogenic organisms. Several compounds displayed moderate to excellent activity towards the screened microbe strains in the study compared to Amoxicillin (AMX), Ampicillin (AMP), and Amphotericin B. Furthermore, a structural activity relationship (SAR) was established considering the synthesized compounds. Pharmacokinetic studies reveal that these derivatives exhibit an acceptable predictive ADMET profile (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) and good drug-likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhène Chouchène
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Product and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (N.C.); (A.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Amani Toumi
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Product and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (N.C.); (A.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Sarra Boudriga
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Product and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (N.C.); (A.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Hayet Edziri
- Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et des Substances Biologiquement Actives, Faculté de Pharmacie, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Research, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660–Hay MoulayRachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
| | | | - Moheddine Askri
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Product and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (N.C.); (A.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Michael Knorr
- Institut UTINAM-UMR CNRS 6213, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (C.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Faculty of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (C.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Armand Soldera
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Matter, Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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Yu JS, Kim JH, Rashan L, Kim I, Lee W, Kim KH. Potential Antimicrobial Activity of Galloyl-Flavonoid Glycosides From Woodfordia uniflora Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:784504. [PMID: 34899667 PMCID: PMC8662356 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.784504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant infections are a growing problem; to combat multi-drug resistant bacterial infections, antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action are needed. Identification of potent bioactive natural products is an attractive avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies against bacterial infections. As part of our ongoing research to explore bioactive natural products from diverse resources, we investigated the antimicrobial compounds from Woodfordia uniflora, a flowering shrub unique to the Dhofar region of Oman. The plant has been used as a remedy for skin infections in Oman. However, to date, no study has examined the antimicrobial compounds in W. uniflora. Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of W. uniflora leaves in combination with LC/MS-based analysis allowed us to isolate and identify four flavonoid-type analogs (1–4), procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate (1), rhamnetin 3-O-(6″-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), rhamnetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), and quercetin 3-O-(6″-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). The isolates have a novel mechanism of action; the compounds inhibit biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and synergize with methicillin. Our metabolite analysis revealed that this synergizing activity by compounds was achieved by remodeling metabolism including central carbon metabolism and glutamine biosynthesis that resulted in abnormal cell formation and reduction in biofilm formation of MRSA. Taken together, these findings provide experimental evidence that rhamnetin 3-O-(6″-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and quercetin 3-O-(6″-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) can be considered as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of methicillin-resistant S. aureus-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Luay Rashan
- Biodiversity Unit, Research Center, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Inseo Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Wonsik Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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11
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Lee D, Lee SR, Park BJ, Song JH, Kim JK, Ko Y, Kang KS, Kim KH. Identification of Renoprotective Phytosterols from Mulberry ( Morus alba) Fruit against Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in LLC-PK1 Kidney Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2481. [PMID: 34834844 PMCID: PMC8623081 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of bioactive compounds from the fruit of the mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) against cisplatin-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK1 pig kidney epithelial cells. Morus alba fruit is a well-known edible fruit commonly used in traditional folk medicine. Chemical investigation of M. alba fruit resulted in the isolation and identification of six phytosterols (1-6). Their structures were determined as 7-ketositosterol (1), stigmast-4-en-3β-ol-6-one (2), (3β,6α)-stigmast-4-ene-3,6-diol (3), stigmast-4-ene-3β,6β-diol (4), 7β-hydroxysitosterol 3-O-β-d-glucoside (5), and 7α-hydroxysitosterol 3-O-β-d-glucoside (6) by analyzing their physical and spectroscopic data as well as liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data. All compounds displayed protective effects against cisplatin-induced LLC-PK1 cell damage, improving cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity to more than 80% of the control value. Compound 1 displayed the best effect at a relatively low concentration by inhibiting the percentage of apoptotic cells following cisplatin treatment. Its molecular mechanisms were identified using Western blot assays. Treatment of LLC-PK1 cells with compound 1 decreased the upregulated phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) following cisplatin treatment. In addition, compound 1 significantly suppressed cleaved caspase-3 in cisplatin-induced LLC-PK1 cells. Taken together, these findings indicated that cisplatin-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by compound 1 in LLC-PK1 cells, thereby supporting the potential of 7-ketositosterol (1) as an adjuvant candidate for treating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Bang Ju Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Yuri Ko
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Lee YH, Hong JH, Park KH, Kim SH, Kim JC, Kim DH, Park YH, Lee KW, Kim JK, Kim KH. Phytochemical Investigation of Bioactive Compounds from White Kidney Beans (Fruits of Phaseolus multiflorus var. Albus): Identification of Denatonium with Osteogenesis-Inducing Effect. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102205. [PMID: 34686012 PMCID: PMC8540745 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phaseolus multiflorus var. albus (Leguminosae), commonly known as “white kidney bean”, is a twining perennial vine whose fruit has been used as a popular food worldwide owing to its high nutritional content, in terms of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins. As part of our ongoing study to investigate novel bioactive components from various natural resources, a phytochemical investigation of the extract of P. multiflorus var. albus fruits resulted in the isolation of three phenolic compounds (1–3) and one dipeptide (4). The chemical structures of the compounds (1–4) were determined through 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; they were identified as denatonium (1), trans-ferulic acid ethyl ester (2), eugenin (3), and α-L-glutamyl-L-Leucine (4). Intriguingly, denatonium (1) is known to be the most bitter chemical compound. To the best of our knowledge, denatonium (1) was identified from natural sources for the first time, and compounds 2–4 were reported for the first time from P. multiflorus var. albus in this study; however, compound 2 turned out to be an artifact produced by an extraction with ethanol. The isolated compounds 1–4 were tested for their regulatory effects on the differentiation between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Compound 4 slightly suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs, and compounds 1 and 4 stimulated osteogenic differentiation, unlike the negative control. These findings provide experimental evidence that compounds 1 and 4 may induce the osteogenesis of MSCs and activate bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hoon Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.-H.H.)
| | - Joo-Hyun Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.-H.H.)
| | - Kun Hee Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | | | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea;
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- R&D Center, Dongkook Pharm. Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, Korea; (D.H.K.); (Y.H.P.); (K.W.L.)
| | - Yu Hwa Park
- R&D Center, Dongkook Pharm. Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, Korea; (D.H.K.); (Y.H.P.); (K.W.L.)
| | - Kye Wan Lee
- R&D Center, Dongkook Pharm. Co., Ltd., Suwon 16229, Korea; (D.H.K.); (Y.H.P.); (K.W.L.)
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.K.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7254 (J.K.K.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.K.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7254 (J.K.K.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
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Ginkgonitroside, a new nitrophenyl glycoside and bioactive compounds from Ginkgo biloba leaves controlling adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 50:128322. [PMID: 34407463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eight compounds (1-8) including one novel nitrophenyl glycoside, ginkgonitroside (1) were isolated from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, a popular medicinal plant. The structure of the new compound was characterized using extensive spectroscopic analyses via 1D and 2D NMR data interpretations, HR-ESIMS, and chemical transformation. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report the presence of nitrophenyl glycosides, which are relatively unique phytochemicals in natural products, in G. biloba. The isolated compounds (1-8) were examined for their effects on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. Compounds 1-3 and 8 were able to suppress MSC differentiation toward adipocytes. In contrast, compounds 5 and 8 showed activity promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. These findings demonstrate that the active compounds showed regulatory activity on MSC differentiation between adipocytes and osteocytes.
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Lee BS, Yoo MJ, Kang H, Lee SR, Kim S, Yu JS, Kim JC, Jang TS, Pang C, Kim KH. Withasomniferol D, a New Anti-Adipogenic Withanolide from the Roots of Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101017. [PMID: 34681241 PMCID: PMC8537031 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), well-known as 'Indian ginseng' or 'Ashwagandha', is a medicinal plant that is used in Ayurvedic practice to promote good health and longevity. As part of an ongoing investigation for bioactive natural products with novel structures, we performed a phytochemical examination of the roots of W. somnifera employed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based analysis. The chemical analysis of the methanol extract of W. somnifera roots using repeated column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography under the guidance of an LC/MS-based analysis resulted in a new withanolide, withasomniferol D (1). The structure of the newly isolated compound was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution (HR) electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectroscopy, and its absolute configuration was established by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The anti-adipogenic activities of withasomniferol D (1) were evaluated using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with Oil Red O staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We found that withasomniferol D (1) inhibited adipogenesis and suppressed the enlargement of lipid droplets compared to the control. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of adipocyte markers Fabp4 and Adipsin decreased noticeably following treatment with 25 μM of withasomniferol D (1). Taken together, these findings provide experimental evidence that withasomniferol D (1), isolated from W. somnifera, exhibits anti-adipogenic activity, supporting the potential application of this compound in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Soo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Yoo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Heesun Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sil Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea
| | - Tae Su Jang
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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Lee SR, Lee BS, Yu JS, Kang H, Yoo MJ, Yi SA, Han JW, Kim S, Kim JK, Kim JC, Kim KH. Identification of anti-adipogenic withanolides from the roots of Indian ginseng (Withania somnifera). J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:357-366. [PMID: 35600781 PMCID: PMC9120796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), generally known as Indian ginseng, is a medicinal plant that is used in Ayurvedic practice for promoting health and longevity. This study aims to identify the bioactive metabolites from Indian ginseng and elucidate their structures. Methods Withanolides were purified by chromatographic techniques, including HPLC coupled with LC/MS. Chemical structures of isolated withanolides were clarified by analyzing the spectroscopic data from 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-ESIMS experiment. Absolute configurations of the withanolides were established by the application of NMR chemical shifts and ECD calculations. Anti-adipogenic activities of isolates were evaluated using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with Oil Red O staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results Phytochemical examination of the roots of Indian ginseng afforded to the isolation of six withanolides (1–6), including three novel withanolides, withasilolides G–I (1–3). All the six compounds inhibited adipogenesis and suppressed the enlargement of lipid droplets, compared to those of the control. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of Fabp4 and Adipsin, the adipocyte markers decreased noticeably following treatment with 25 μM of 1–6. The active compounds (1–6) also promoted lipid metabolism by upregulating the expression of the lipolytic genes HSL and ATGL and downregulating the expression of the lipogenic gene SREBP1. Conclusion The results of our experimental studies suggest that the withasilolides identified herein have anti-adipogenic potential and can be considered for the development of therapeutic strategies against adipogenesis in obesity. Our study also provides a mechanistic rationale for using Indian ginseng as a potential therapeutic agent against obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, NJ, United States
| | - Bum Soo Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Yoo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sil Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Lee D, Yu JS, Ryoo R, Kim JC, Jang TS, Kang KS, Kim KH. Pulveraven A from the fruiting bodies of Pulveroboletus ravenelii induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell via extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:752-757. [PMID: 34172938 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulveroboletus ravenelii (Beck. et Curt.) Murr. (Boletaceae), commonly known as Ravenel's bolete, is an edible and medicinal mushroom, and is also used for preparing mushroom-based dyes. As part of a continuing project to discover the bioactive natural products from wild mushrooms, we analyzed the methanol (MeOH) extract of P. ravenelii to identify metabolites with the anticancer activity. Chemical analysis of the MeOH extract combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis led to the isolation of a phenolic compound, pulveraven A (PA), whose chemical structure was determined using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR and LC-MS analysis. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and anticancer mechanisms of pulveraven A using human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells, and demonstrated that it reduced cell viability of MCF-7 cells below 50% (71.74 ± 3.61 μM). Annexin V Alexa Fluor 488 binding assay and western blot results revealed that pulveraven A induced apoptotic cell death via the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, as indicated by the activation of initiator caspase-8 and executioner caspase-7. Furthermore, it was accompanied by an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These results suggest that pulveraven A induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rhim Ryoo
- Special Forest Products Division, Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Su Jang
- Department of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Lee D, Lee SR, Kang KS, Kim KH. Bioactive Phytochemicals from Mulberry: Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8120. [PMID: 34360887 PMCID: PMC8348635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruits of the mulberry tree (Morus alba L.), known as white mulberry, have been consumed in various forms, including tea, beverages, and desserts, worldwide. As part of an ongoing study to discover bioactive compounds from M. alba fruits, the anti-inflammatory effect of compounds from M. alba were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract of the M. alba fruits led to the isolation of 22 compounds. Among the isolated compounds, to the best of our knowledge, compounds 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, and 14-22 were identified from M. alba fruits for the first time in this study. Inhibitory effects of 22 compounds on the production of the nitric oxide (NO) known as a proinflammatory mediator in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were evaluated using NO assays. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (5). We evaluated whether the anti-inflammatory effects of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (5) following LPS stimulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages occurred because of phosphorylation of IκB kinase alpha (IKKα), IκB kinase beta (IKKβ), inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (5) significantly suppressed phosphorylations of IKKα, IKKβ, IκBα, and NF-κB and activations of iNOS and COX-2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val) (5) can be considered a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
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Qader M, Zaman KHAU, Hu Z, Wang C, Wu X, Cao S. Aspochalasin H1: A New Cyclic Aspochalasin from Hawaiian Plant-Associated Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. FT1307. Molecules 2021; 26:4239. [PMID: 34299514 PMCID: PMC8307934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus is one of the most diverse genera, and it is chemically profound and known to produce many biologically active secondary metabolites. In the present study, a new aspochalasin H1 (1), together with nine known compounds (2-10), were isolated from a Hawaiian plant-associated endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. FT1307. The structures were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, ROESY and 1D NOE), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), and comparisons with the reported literature. The absolute configuration of the new compound was established by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) in combination with NMR calculations. The new compound contains an epoxide moiety and an adjacent trans-diol, which has not been reported before in the aspochalasin family. The antibacterial screening of the isolated compounds was carried out against pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis). The antiproliferative activity of compounds 1-10 was evaluated against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and T46D) and ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallique Qader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (M.Q.); (K.A.U.Z.); (C.W.); (X.W.)
| | - KH Ahammad Uz Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (M.Q.); (K.A.U.Z.); (C.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhenquan Hu
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (M.Q.); (K.A.U.Z.); (C.W.); (X.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (M.Q.); (K.A.U.Z.); (C.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (M.Q.); (K.A.U.Z.); (C.W.); (X.W.)
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Marcarino MO, Cicetti S, Zanardi MM, Sarotti AM. A critical review on the use of DP4+ in the structural elucidation of natural products: the good, the bad and the ugly. A practical guide. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 39:58-76. [PMID: 34212963 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00030f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 up to the end of 2020Even in the golden age of NMR, the number of natural products being incorrectly assigned is becoming larger every day. The use of quantum NMR calculations coupled with sophisticated data analysis provides ideal complementary tools to facilitate the elucidation process in challenging cases. Among the current computational methodologies to perform this task, the DP4+ probability is a popular and widely used method. This updated version of Goodman's DP4 synergistically combines NMR calculations at higher levels of theory with the Bayesian analysis of both scaled and unscaled data. Since its publication in late 2015, the use of DP4+ to solve controversial natural products has substantially grown, with several predictions being confirmed by total synthesis. To date, the structures of more than 200 natural products were determined with the aid of DP4+. However, all that glitters is not gold. Besides its intrinsic limitations, on many occasions it has been improperly used with potentially important consequences on the quality of the assignment. Herein we present a critical revision on how the scientific community has been using DP4+, exploring the strengths of the method and how to obtain optimal results from it. We also analyze the weaknesses of DP4+, and the paths to by-pass them to maximize the confidence in the structural elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel O Marcarino
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
| | - Soledad Cicetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
| | - María M Zanardi
- Instituto de Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Av. Pellegrini 3314, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
| | - Ariel M Sarotti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
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Lee KH, Kim JK, Yu JS, Jeong SY, Choi JH, Kim JC, Ko YJ, Kim SH, Kim KH. Ginkwanghols A and B, osteogenic coumaric acid-aliphatic alcohol hybrids from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:514-524. [PMID: 33929687 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae), commonly known as "ginkgo", is called a living fossil, and it has been cultivated early in human history for various uses in traditional medicine and as a source of food. As part of ongoing research to explore the chemical diversity and biologically active compounds from natural resources, two new coumaric acid-aliphatic alcohol hybrids, ginkwanghols A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the leaves of G. biloba. The coumaric acid-aliphatic alcohol hybrids of natural products have rarely been reported. The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis, HRESI-MS, and quantum chemical ECD calculations, and by comparing the experimental HRESI-MS/MS spectrum of chemically transformed compound 1a with the predicted HRESI-MS/MS spectra proposed from CFM-ID 3.0, a software tool for MS/MS spectral prediction and MS-based compound identification. Ginkwanghols A (1) and B (2) increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production in C3H10T1/2, a mouse mesenchymal stem cell line, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ginkwanghols A and B mediated the promotion of osteogenic differentiation as indicated by the induction of the mRNA expression of the osteogenic markers ALP and osteopontin (OPN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Ho Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yun Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Choi
- Sungkyun Biotech Co., Ltd., Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Sungkyun Biotech Co., Ltd., Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Lee YH, Jang HJ, Park KH, Kim SH, Kim JK, Kim JC, Jang TS, Kim KH. Phytochemical Analysis of the Fruits of Sea Buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides): Identification of Organic Acid Derivatives. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050860. [PMID: 33923257 PMCID: PMC8146194 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae), commonly known as “Sea buckthorn” and “Vitamin tree”, is a spiny deciduous shrub whose fruit is known for its nutritional composition, such as vitamin C, and is consumed as a dietary supplement worldwide. As part of our ongoing efforts to identify structurally new and bioactive constituents from natural resources, the phytochemical investigation of the extract of H. rhamnoides fruits led to the isolation of one malate derivative (1), five citrate derivatives (2–6), and one quinate derivative (7). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data and high-resolution electrospray ionization (HR-ESI) liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) data. Three of the citrate derivatives were identified as new compounds: (S)-1-butyl-5-methyl citrate (3), (S)-1-butyl-1′-methyl citrate (4), and (S)-1-methyl-1′-butyl citrate (6), which turned out to be isolation artifacts. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were established by quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation, which is an informative tool for verifying the absolute configuration of organic acid derivatives. The isolated compounds 1–7 were evaluated for their stimulatory effects on osteogenesis. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 stimulated osteogenic differentiation up to 1.4 fold, compared to the negative control. These findings provide experimental evidence that active compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 induce the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells and activate bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hoon Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (H.J.J.)
| | - Hee Joo Jang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (H.J.J.)
| | - Kun Hee Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | | | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea;
| | - Tae Su Jang
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.S.J.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1476 (T.S.J.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (H.J.J.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.J.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1476 (T.S.J.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
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22
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Lee D, Alishir A, Jang TS, Kim KH. Identification of Bioactive Natural Product from the Stems and Stem Barks of Cornus walteri: Benzyl Salicylate Shows Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:443. [PMID: 33805999 PMCID: PMC8064495 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornus walteri (Cornaceae), known as Walter's dogwood, has been used to treat dermatologic inflammation and diarrheal disease in traditional oriental medicine. As part of an ongoing research project to discover natural products with biological activities, the anti-inflammatory potential of compounds from C. walteri in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages were explored. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of the stem and stem bark of C. walteri led to the isolation of 15 chemical constituents. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the production of the proinflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated macrophages, as measured by NO assays. The molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activity were investigated using western blotting. Our results demonstrated that among 15 chemical constituents, lupeol and benzyl salicylate inhibited NO production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Benzyl salicylate was more efficient than NG-monomethyl-L-arginine mono-acetate salt (L-NMMA) in terms of its inhibitory effect. In addition, the mechanism of action of benzyl salicylate consisted of the inhibition of phosphorylation of IκB kinase alpha (IKKα), IκB kinase beta (IKKβ), inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, benzyl salicylate inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Taken together, these results suggest that benzyl salicylate present in the stem and stem bark of C. walteri has potential anti-inflammatory activity, supporting the potential application of this compound in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Akida Alishir
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Tae Su Jang
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
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23
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Yoon SY, Yu JS, Hwang JY, So HM, Seo SO, Kim JK, Jang TS, Chung SJ, Kim KH. Phloridzin Acts as an Inhibitor of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase MEG2 Relevant to Insulin Resistance. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061612. [PMID: 33799458 PMCID: PMC7998658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the megakaryocyte protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (PTP-MEG2, also named PTPN9) activity has been shown to be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Previously, we reported that PTP-MEG2 knockdown enhances adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, suggesting that PTP-MEG2 may be a potential antidiabetic target. In this study, we found that phloridzin, isolated from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, inhibits the catalytic activity of PTP-MEG2 (half-inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 32 ± 1.06 μM) in vitro, indicating that it could be a potential antidiabetic drug candidate. Importantly, phloridzin stimulated glucose uptake by differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 muscle cells compared to that by the control cells. Moreover, phloridzin led to the enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt relevant to increased insulin sensitivity. Importantly, phloridzin attenuated palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 muscle cells. We also found that phloridzin did not accelerate adipocyte differentiation, suggesting that phloridzin improves insulin sensitivity without significant lipid accumulation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that phloridzin, an inhibitor of PTP-MEG2, stimulates glucose uptake through the activation of both AMPK and Akt signaling pathways. These results strongly suggest that phloridzin could be used as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Yoon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.-Y.Y.); (J.S.Y.); (J.Y.H.); (H.M.S.); (S.O.S.)
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Kwangju Women’s University, Gwangju 62396, Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.-Y.Y.); (J.S.Y.); (J.Y.H.); (H.M.S.); (S.O.S.)
| | - Ji Young Hwang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.-Y.Y.); (J.S.Y.); (J.Y.H.); (H.M.S.); (S.O.S.)
| | - Hae Min So
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.-Y.Y.); (J.S.Y.); (J.Y.H.); (H.M.S.); (S.O.S.)
| | - Seung Oh Seo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.-Y.Y.); (J.S.Y.); (J.Y.H.); (H.M.S.); (S.O.S.)
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Tae Su Jang
- Department of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea;
| | - Sang J. Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.-Y.Y.); (J.S.Y.); (J.Y.H.); (H.M.S.); (S.O.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.C.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7703 (S.J.C.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.-Y.Y.); (J.S.Y.); (J.Y.H.); (H.M.S.); (S.O.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.C.); (K.H.K.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7703 (S.J.C.); +82-31-290-7700 (K.H.K.)
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Ent-Peniciherqueinone Suppresses Acetaldehyde-Induced Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress by Inducing ALDH and Suppressing MAPK Signaling. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121229. [PMID: 33352912 PMCID: PMC7765852 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on ethanol-induced stress and acetaldehyde toxicity are actively being conducted, owing to an increase in alcohol consumption in modern society. In this study, ent-peniciherqueinone (EPQ) isolated from a Hawaiian volcanic soil-associated fungus Penicillium herquei FT729 was found to reduce the acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in PC12 cells. EPQ increased cell viability in the presence of acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. In addition, EPQ reduced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and restored acetaldehyde-mediated disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analyses revealed that EPQ treatment increased protein levels of ROS-scavenging heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase, as well as the levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1, ALDH2, and ALDH3, under acetaldehyde-induced cellular stress. Finally, EPQ reduced acetaldehyde-induced phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which are associated with ROS-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, our results demonstrated that EPQ prevents cellular oxidative stress caused by acetaldehyde and functions as a potent agent to suppress hangover symptoms and alcohol-related stress.
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