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Bae SH, Yoo S, Lee J, Park HJ, Kwon SP, Jin H, Park SI, Lee YS, Bang YJ, Roh G, Lee S, Youn SB, Kim IW, Oh HR, El-Damasy AK, Keum G, Kim H, Youn H, Nam JH, Bang EK. A lipid nanoparticle platform incorporating trehalose glycolipid for exceptional mRNA vaccine safety. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:486-498. [PMID: 38779592 PMCID: PMC11109743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines formulated with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) has contributed to control of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, mRNA vaccines have raised concerns about their potential toxicity and clinical safety, including side effects, such as myocarditis, anaphylaxis, and pericarditis. In this study, we investigated the potential of trehalose glycolipids-containing LNP (LNP S050L) to reduce the risks associated with ionizable lipids. Trehalose glycolipids can form hydrogen bonds with polar biomolecules, allowing the formation of a stable LNP structure by replacing half of the ionizable lipids. The efficacy and safety of LNP S050L were evaluated by encapsulating the mRNA encoding the luciferase reporter gene and measuring gene expression and organ toxicity, respectively. Furthermore, mice immunized with an LNP S050L-formulated mRNA vaccine expressing influenza hemagglutinin exhibited a significant reduction in organ toxicity, including in the heart, spleen, and liver, while sustaining gene expression and immune efficiency, compared to conventional LNPs (Con-LNPs). Our findings suggest that LNP S050L, a trehalose glycolipid-based LNP, could facilitate the development of safe mRNA vaccines with improved clinical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hyeon Bae
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Yoo
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Pil Kwon
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Harin Jin
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, 14353, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Bang
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahyun Roh
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Bean Youn
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Woo Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Rim Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashraf K. El-Damasy
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- BK Four Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Bang
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Martin MU, Frevert J, Tay CM. Complexing Protein-Free Botulinum Neurotoxin A Formulations: Implications of Excipients for Immunogenicity. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:101. [PMID: 38393178 PMCID: PMC10892905 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of neutralizing antibodies is a growing concern in the use of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) as it may result in secondary treatment failure. Differences in the immunogenicity of BoNT/A formulations have been attributed to the presence of pharmacologically unnecessary bacterial components. Reportedly, the rate of antibody-mediated secondary non-response is lowest in complexing protein-free (CF) IncobotulinumtoxinA (INCO). Here, the published data and literature on the composition and properties of the three commercially available CF-BoNT/A formulations, namely, INCO, Coretox® (CORE), and DaxibotulinumtoxinA (DAXI), are reviewed to elucidate the implications for their potential immunogenicity. While all three BoNT/A formulations are free of complexing proteins and contain the core BoNT/A molecule as the active pharmaceutical ingredient, they differ in their production protocols and excipients, which may affect their immunogenicity. INCO contains only two immunologically inconspicuous excipients, namely, human serum albumin and sucrose, and has demonstrated low immunogenicity in daily practice and clinical studies for more than ten years. DAXI contains four excipients, namely, L-histidine, trehalosedihydrate, polysorbate 20, and the highly charged RTP004 peptide, of which the latter two may increase the immunogenicity of BoNT/A by introducing neo-epitopes. In early clinical studies with DAXI, antibodies against BoNT/A and RTP004 were found at low frequencies; however, the follow-up period was critically short, with a maximum of three injections. CORE contains four excipients: L-methionine, sucrose, NaCl, and polysorbate 20. Presently, no data are available on the immunogenicity of CORE in human beings. It remains to be seen whether all three CF BoNT/A formulations demonstrate the same low immunogenicity in patients over a long period of time.
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Thathsaranie P Manthrirathna MA, Kodar K, Ishizuka S, Dangerfield EM, Xiuyuan L, Yamasaki S, Stocker BL, S M Timmer M. 6-C-Linked trehalose glycolipids signal through Mincle and exhibit potent adjuvant activity. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106345. [PMID: 36764230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the Mincle-mediated agonist activity of α,α'-trehalose-6,6́-glycolipids, however, none have considered how the position, or absence, of the ester moiety influences Mincle-mediated agonist activity. We prepared a variety of 6-C-linked α,α'-trehalose glycolipids containing inverted esters, ketone, carboxy or no carbonyl moieties. Modelling studies indicated that these derivatives bind to the CRD of Mincle in a manner similar to that of the prototypical Mincle agonist, trehalose dibehenate (TDB), with NFAT-GFP reporter cell assays confirming that all compounds, apart from derivatives with short alkyl chains, led to robust Mincle signalling. It was also observed that a carbonyl moiety was needed for good Mincle-mediated signalling. The ability of the compounds to induce mIL-1 β and mIL-6 production by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) further demonstrated the agonist activity of the compounds, with the presence of a carbonyl moiety and longer lipid chains augmenting cytokine production. Notably, a C20 inverted ester led to levels of mIL-1β that were significantly greater than those induced by TDB. The same C20 inverted ester also led to a significant increase in hIL-1β and hIL-6 by human monocytes, and exhibited no toxicity, as demonstrated using BMDMs in an in vitro Sytox Green assay. The ability of the inverted ester to enhance antigen-mediated immune responses was then determined. In these studies, the inverted ester was found to augment the OVA-specific Th1/Th7 immune response in vitro, and exhibit adjuvanticity that was better than that of TDB in vivo, as evidenced by a significant increase in IgG antibodies for the inverted ester but not TDB when using OVA as a model antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristel Kodar
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Shigenari Ishizuka
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emma M Dangerfield
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lu Xiuyuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bridget L Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mattie S M Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
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The trehalose glycolipid C18Brar promotes antibody and T-cell immune responses to Mannheimia haemolytica and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae whole cell antigens in sheep. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278853. [PMID: 36656850 PMCID: PMC9851559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopneumonia is a common respiratory disease in livestock. Mannheimia haemolytica is considered the main causative pathogen leading to lung damage in sheep, with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and ParaInfluenza virus type 3, combined with adverse physical and physiological stress, being predisposing factors. A balance of humoral and cellular immunity is thought to be important for protection against developing respiratory disease. In the current study, we compared the ability of the trehalose glycolipid adjuvant C18Brar (C18-alkylated brartemicin analogue) and three commercially available adjuvant systems i.e., Quil-A, Emulsigen-D, and a combination of Quil-A and aluminium hydroxide gel, to stimulate antibody and cellular immune responses to antigens from inactivated whole cells of M. haemolytica and M. ovipneumoniae in sheep. C18Brar and Emulsigen-D induced the strongest antigen-specific antibody responses to both M. haemolytica and M. ovipneumoniae, while C18Brar and Quil-A promoted the strongest antigen-specific IL-17A responses. The expression of genes with known immune functions was determined in antigen-stimulated blood cultures using Nanostring nCounter technology. The expression levels of CD40, IL22, TGFB1, and IL2RA were upregulated in antigen-stimulated blood cultures from animals vaccinated with C18Brar, which is consistent with T-cell activation. Collectively, the results demonstrate that C18Brar can promote both antibody and cellular responses, notably Th17 immune responses in a ruminant species.
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Manthrirathna MATP, Dangerfield EM, Ishizuka S, Woods A, Luong BS, Yamasaki S, Timmer MSM, Stocker BL. Water-soluble trehalose glycolipids show superior Mincle binding and signaling but impaired phagocytosis and IL-1β production. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1015210. [PMID: 36504717 PMCID: PMC9729344 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1015210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous potential of trehalose glycolipids as vaccine adjuvants has incentivized the study of how the structures of these ligands relate to their Mincle-mediated agonist activities. Despite this, structure-activity work in the field has been largely empirical, and less is known about how Mincle-independent pathways might be affected by different trehalose glycolipids, and whether Mincle binding by itself can serve as a proxy for adjuvanticity. There is also much demand for more water-soluble Mincle ligands. To address this need, we prepared polyethylene glycol modified trehalose glycolipids (PEG-TGLs) with enhanced water solubility and strong murine Mincle (mMincle) binding and signaling. However, only modest cytokine and chemokine responses were observed upon the treatment of GM-CSF treated bone-marrow cells with the PEG-TGLs. Notability, no IL-1β was observed. Using RNA-Seq analysis and a representative PEG-TGL, we determined that the more water-soluble adducts were less able to activate phagocytic pathways, and hence, failed to induce IL-1β production. Taken together, our data suggests that in addition to strong Mincle binding, which is a pre-requisite for Mincle-mediated cellular responses, the physical presentation of trehalose glycolipids in colloidal form is required for inflammasome activation, and hence, a strong inflammatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma M. Dangerfield
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Shigenari Ishizuka
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aodhamair Woods
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Brenda S. Luong
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mattie S. M. Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Bridget L. Stocker, ; Mattie S. M. Timmer,
| | - Bridget L. Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Bridget L. Stocker, ; Mattie S. M. Timmer,
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Matsumaru T. Lipid Conjugates as Ligands for the C-type Lectin Receptor Mincle. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2029.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Matsumaru T. Lipid Conjugates as Ligands for the C-type Lectin Receptor Mincle. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2029.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Fischer S, Stegmann F, Gnanapragassam VS, Lepenies B. From structure to function – Ligand recognition by myeloid C-type lectin receptors. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5790-5812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Cramer J. Medicinal chemistry of the myeloid C-type lectin receptors Mincle, Langerin, and DC-SIGN. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1985-2000. [PMID: 35024612 PMCID: PMC8672822 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In their role as pattern-recognition receptors on cells of the innate immune system, myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) assume important biological functions related to immunity, homeostasis, and cancer. As such, this family of receptors represents an appealing target for therapeutic interventions for modulating the outcome of many pathological processes, in particular related to infectious diseases. This review summarizes the current state of research into glycomimetic or drug-like small molecule ligands for the CLRs Mincle, Langerin, and DC-SIGN, which have potential therapeutic applications in vaccine research and anti-infective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cramer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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Dangerfield EM, Lynch AT, Kodar K, Stocker BL, Timmer MSM. Amide-linked brartemicin glycolipids exhibit Mincle-mediated agonist activity in vitro. Carbohydr Res 2021; 511:108461. [PMID: 34753005 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipidated derivatives of the natural product brartemicin show much promise as vaccine adjuvants due to their ability to signal through the Macrophage Inducible C-type Lectin (Mincle). We synthesised three lipophilic amide-linked brartemicin derivatives and compared their agonist activity to that of their ester-linked counterparts in vitro. We demonstrate that the brartemicin amide derivatives activate bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a Mincle-dependent manner, as evidenced by the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in wildtype but not Mincle-/- cells. The amide derivatives showed activity that was as good as, if not better than, their ester counterparts. Two of the amide derivatives, but none of the ester-derivatives, also led to the production of IL-1β by human-derived monocytes. As the production of IL-1β is a good indicator of vaccine adjuvanticity potential, these findings suggest that amide-linked brartemicin derivatives show particular promise as vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Dangerfield
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Amy T Lynch
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kristel Kodar
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bridget L Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Mattie S M Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
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