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Ashraf RA, Liu S, Wolf CA, Wolber G, Bureik M. Identification of New Substrates and Inhibitors of Human CYP2A7. Molecules 2024; 29:2191. [PMID: 38792050 PMCID: PMC11123773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
CYP2A7 is one of the most understudied human cytochrome P450 enzymes and its contributions to either drug metabolism or endogenous biosynthesis pathways are not understood, as its only known enzymatic activities are the conversions of two proluciferin probe substrates. In addition, the CYP2A7 gene contains four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cause missense mutations and have minor allele frequencies (MAFs) above 0.5. This means that the resulting amino acid changes occur in the majority of humans. In a previous study, we employed the reference standard sequence (called CYP2A7*1 in P450 nomenclature). For the present study, we created another CYP2A7 sequence that contains all four amino acid changes (Cys311, Glu169, Gly479, and Arg274) and labeled it CYP2A7-WT. Thus, it was the aim of this study to identify new substrates and inhibitors of CYP2A7 and to compare the properties of CYP2A7-WT with CYP2A7*1. We found several new proluciferin probe substrates for both enzyme variants (we also performed in silico studies to understand the activity difference between CYP2A7-WT and CYP2A7*1 on specific substrates), and we show that while they do not act on the standard CYP2A6 substrates nicotine, coumarin, or 7-ethoxycoumarin, both can hydroxylate diclofenac (as can CYP2A6). Moreover, we found ketoconazole, 1-benzylimidazole, and letrozole to be CYP2A7 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Azeem Ashraf
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Sijie Liu
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (S.L.); (C.A.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Clemens Alexander Wolf
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (S.L.); (C.A.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (S.L.); (C.A.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Matthias Bureik
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
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2
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Wang H, Luo S, Wu X, Ruan Y, Qiu L, Feng H, Zhu S, You Y, Li M, Yang W, Zhao Y, Tao X, Jiang H. Exploration of glycosyltransferases mutation status in cervical cancer reveals PARP14 as a potential prognostic marker. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:513-522. [PMID: 37650946 PMCID: PMC10638145 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the potential role of Glycosyltransferases (GTs) in the glycosylation process and their association with malignant tumors. Specifically, the study focuses on PARP14, a member of GTs, and its potential as a target for tumors in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. To gather data, the study used somatic mutation data, gene expression data and clinical information from TCGA-CESE dataset as well as tissue samples from cervical cancer patients. Further verification was conducted through RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry staining on cervical cancer tissues to confirm the expression of PARP14. The study utilized Kaplan-Meier for survival analysis of cervical cancer patient and found significant mutational abnormalities in GTs. The high frequency mutated gene was identified as PARP14. RT-qPCR revealed significantly higher mRNA expression of PARP14 compared to precancerous tissue. Using IHC combined with Kaplan-Meier,patients in the PARP14 high expression group had a better prognosis than the low expression group. The study identified PARP14 as a frequently mutated gene in cervical cancer and proposed its potential role in diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Shen Luo
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Shurong Zhu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yanan You
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Ming Li
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Wenting Yang
- Shanghai Genenexus healthcare technology company, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanding Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 03756, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Xiang Tao
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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Stajnko A, Runkel AA, Kosjek T, Snoj Tratnik J, Mazej D, Falnoga I, Horvat M. Assessment of susceptibility to phthalate and DINCH exposure through CYP and UGT single nucleotide polymorphisms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107046. [PMID: 34920277 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGTs) genes have been proposed to influence phthalates and 1,2-cyclo-hexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) biotransformation but have not been investigated on a populational level. We investigated the role of SNPs in CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, UGT2B15, and UGT1A7 genes in the biotransformation of phthalates (DEHP, DEP, DiBP, DnBP, BBzP, DiNP, DidP) and DINCH by determining their urine metabolites. From the Slovenian study population of 274 men and 289 lactating primiparous women we obtained data on phthalate and DINCH urine metabolite levels (MEHP, 5OH-MEHP, 5oxo-MEHP, 5cx-MEPP, MEP, MiBP, MnBP, MBzP, cx-MINP, OH-MiDP, MCHP, MnPeP, MnOP, 5OH-MINCH, 5oxo-MINCH), SNP genotypes (rs1057910 = CYP2C9*3, rs1799853 = CYP2C9*2, rs4244285 = CYP2C19*2, rs12248560 = CYP2C19*17, rs3892097 = CYP2D6*4, rs1902023 = UGT2B15*2, and rs11692021 = UGT1A7*3) and questionnaires. Associations of SNPs with levels of metabolites and their ratios were assessed by multiple linear regression and ordinary logistic regression analyses. Significant associations were observed for CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C19*17, and UGT1A7*3 SNPs. The most pronounced was the influence of CYP2C9*2 and *3 on the reduced DEHP biotransformation, with lower levels of metabolites and their ratios in men and women. In contrast, carriers of CYP2C19*17 showed higher urine levels of DEHP metabolites in both genders, and in women also in higher DiNP, DiDP, and DINCH metabolite levels. The presence of UGT1A7*3 was associated with increased metabolite levels of DINCH in men and of DiBP and DBzP in women. Statistical models explained up to 27% of variability in metabolite levels or their ratios. Our observations confirm the effect of CYP2C9*2 and *3 SNPs towards reduced DEHP biotransformation. We show that CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C19*17, and UGT1A7*3 SNPs might represent biomarkers of susceptibility or resilience in phthalates and DINCH exposure that have been so far unrecognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Stajnko
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Agneta Annika Runkel
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Chong CS, Limviphuvadh V, Maurer-Stroh S. Global spectrum of population-specific common missense variation in cytochrome P450 pharmacogenes. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1107-1123. [PMID: 34153149 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technology has afforded the discovery of many novel variants that are of significance to inheritable pharmacogenomics (PGx) traits but a large proportion of them have unknown consequences. These include missense variants resulting in single amino acid substitutions in cytochrome P450 (CYP) proteins that can impair enzyme function, leading to altered drug efficacy and toxicity. While most unknown variants are rare, an overlooked minority are variants that are collectively rare but enriched in specific populations. Here, we analyzed sequence variation data in 141,456 individuals from across eight study populations in gnomAD for 38 CYP genes to identify such variants in addition to common variants. By further comparison with data from two PGx-specific databases (PharmVar and PharmGKB) and ClinVar, we identified 234 missense variants in 35 CYP genes, of which 107 were unknown to these databases. Most unknown variants (n = 83) were population-specific common variants and several (n = 7) were found in important CYP pharmacogenes (CYP2D6, CYP4F2, and CYP2C19). Overall, 29% (n = 31) of 107 unknown variants were predicted to affect CYP enzyme function although further biochemical characterization is necessary. These variants may elucidate part of the unexplained interpopulation differences observed in drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shoong Chong
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety Programme (IFCS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vachiranee Limviphuvadh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety Programme (IFCS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety Programme (IFCS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Bernhardt R, Neunzig J. Underestimated reactions and regulation patterns of adrenal cytochromes P450. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 530:111237. [PMID: 33722664 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although cytochrome P450 (CYP) systems including the adrenal ones are being investigated since many years, there are still reactions and regulation patterns that have been underestimated ever since. This review discusses neglected ones to bring them into the focus of investigators working in the field. Novel substrates and reactions described for adrenal CYPs recently point to the fact that different from what has been believed for many years, adrenal CYPs are less selective than previously thought. The conversion of steroid sulfates, intermediates of steroid biosynthesis as well as of exogenous compounds are being discussed here in more detail and consequences for further studies are drawn. Furthermore, it was shown that protein-protein interactions may have an important effect not only on the activity of adrenal CYPs, but also on the product pattern of the reactions. It was found that, as expected, the stoichiometry of CYP:redox partner plays an important role for tuning the activity. In addition, competition between different CYPs for the redox partner and for electrons and possible alterations by mutants in the efficiency of electron transfer play an important role for the activity and product pattern. Moreover, the influence of phosphorylation and small charged molecules like natural polyamines on the activity of adrenal systems has been demonstrated in-vitro indicating a possible regulation of adrenal CYP reactions by affecting redox partner recognition and binding affinity. Finally, an effect of the genetic background on the consequences of mutations in adrenal CYPs found in patients was suggested from corresponding in-vitro studies indicating that a different genetic background might be able to significantly affect the activity of a CYP mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bernhardt
- Department of Biochemistry, Campus B2.2, Saarland University, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Jens Neunzig
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Campus A2.4, Saarland University, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Durairaj P, Fan L, Sharma SS, Jie Z, Bureik M. Identification of new probe substrates for human CYP20A1. Biol Chem 2020; 401:361-365. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCYP20A1 is a well-conserved member of the human cytochrome P450 enzyme family for which no endogenous or xenobiotic substrate is known. We have recently shown that this enzyme has moderate activity towards two proluciferin probe substrates. In order to facilitate the search for physiological substrates we have tested nine additional proluciferins in this study and identified three such probe substrates that give much higher product yields. Using one of these probes, we demonstrate inhibition of CYP20A1 activity by 1-benzylimidazole, ketoconazole and letrozole. Finally, we show that the combination of two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ofCYP20A1leads to an enzyme (CYP20A1Leu97Phe346) with reduced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeepraj Durairaj
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Linbing Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sangeeta Shrestha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhao Jie
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Matthias Bureik
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Du W, Machalz D, Yan Q, Sorensen EJ, Wolber G, Bureik M. Importance of asparagine-381 and arginine-487 for substrate recognition in CYP4Z1. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 174:113850. [PMID: 32044355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP4Z1 remains an understudied enzyme despite its association with poor prognosis and overexpression in breast cancer. Hence, CYP4Z1 has previously been suggested as an anti-breast cancer target. In the present study we employed extended mutation analysis to increase our understanding of the substrate binding mode of this enzyme. In a combined in vitro and in silico approach we show for the first time that residue Arg487 plays an important role in substrate recognition and binding of CYP4Z1. Using a large array of recombinant CYP4Z1 mutants we show that, apart from Asn381, all other postulated binding residues only play an auxiliary role in substrate recognition and binding. Different substrate interaction motifs were identified via dynamic pharmacophores (dynophores) and their impact on catalytically competent substrate binding was classified. These new insights on the substrate recognition and binding mode represent an important step towards the rational design of CYP4Z1 prodrugs and guide further investigations into the so far poorly understood physiological role of CYP4Z1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - David Machalz
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Qi Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China
| | - Erik J Sorensen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias Bureik
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China.
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Zeng X, Yao H, Zheng Y, Chen T, Peng W, Wu H, Su W. Metabolite Profiling of Naringin in Rat Urine and Feces Using Stable Isotope-Labeling-Based Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:409-417. [PMID: 31833363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Naringin has been documented to possess various bioactivities. Due to thorny endogenous interferences, the metabolism pathways of naringin and exact amounts of derived phenolic catabolites have not been definitely assigned. In this work, stable isotope-labeling-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were developed to eliminate the endogenous interferences. [2',3',5',6'-D4]-naringin was orally administrated to rats. Urine and feces samples were collected and then analyzed with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). A total of 21 flavonoid metabolites and 11 phenolic catabolites were screened. The metabolism and catabolism pathways were proposed. Furthermore, deuterated naringin and its main metabolites were determined with rapid resolution liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (RRLC-QqQ-MS/MS). The overall recovery of ingested deuterated naringin was calculated as 56.9% without endogenous interferences. The obtained results provide essential information for further pharmacological studies of naringin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Drug Synthesis and Evaluation Center , Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources , 510260 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Zheng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Taobin Chen
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
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Durairaj P, Fan L, Machalz D, Wolber G, Bureik M. Functional characterization and mechanistic modeling of the human cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP4A22. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2214-2225. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeepraj Durairaj
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Health Sciences Platform Tianjin University China
| | - Linbing Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Health Sciences Platform Tianjin University China
| | - David Machalz
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Computer‐Aided Drug Design Institute of Pharmacy Freie University Berlin Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Computer‐Aided Drug Design Institute of Pharmacy Freie University Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Bureik
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Health Sciences Platform Tianjin University China
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